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The 4 Fundamental X
Elements of GD&T: X
W U
Z X
Z X
Straightness
0.03 M
0.13 when Part = 9.95
M Gauge ID = 10.08
(Derived Median Line w/ M )
Flatness 0.03
Two parallel planes
0.03 apart
F (Derived Median
F
(Surface)
FORM
Circularity
Two concentric cylinders
0.03 0.03 apart
Cylindricity
Two parallel planes
0.03 apart
0.03 A parallel to datum
Parallelism A
Datum A
Flat datum block
(Datum A)
Gauge kept parallel to datum
Perpendicularity
0.03 A Two parallel planes
0.03 apart Flat datum block
(Datum A) OF O
ORIENTATION
A
(Feature) 90
Datum A Gauge kept perpendicular to datum
Axis inserted
0.03 M A
Perpendicularity Tolerance Zone perpendicular Pin Gauge = 9.92
at M to datum (9.95 - 0.03)
M 90
Multiple datums
(Feature of Size w/ M ) may be used
to specify W U W U
Z X Z X
Perpendicularity
A Datum A
Angularity 60 A Gauge
Block
60
60
60
Datum A
SLOF
B A follow true profile.
Y Y
V
Profile B A
0.03 apart Gauge must
follow true profile.
X
LO
2X (Actual X - True X)2 + (Actual Y - True Y)2
B Y
This formula must be less than
True Position 20.0 True
Actual
Actual Y
True Y
the True Position tolerance
True 0.03
30.0 center
C A X Y
True X Actual X
None
Actual
100.05 Pin Position Part FUNCTIONAL Part Tolerance Zone
0.03 M A B C GAUGING of Pin Gauge Z X
True Position B
True
position
For an For an
True
position
Y
V
W U
Z X
25.0 C A Gauge Hole = Virtual Condition Gauge Pin = Virtual Condition
Gauge Gauge (Smallest Hole Size [MMC] - Position Tol.)
(Largest Pin Size [MMC] + Position Tol.)
1
0.03 A
LOF
The following is usually
Measured axis Datum axis done with a CMM:
1. Determine
Concentricity 0.03
Datum axis
2. Measure referenced
A
Datum A surface
A 3. Determine if central
Tolerance Zone axis falls in TZ Distribution/ Y
0.03 apart
0.03 A Datum A
Fixed + Rotated
Datum A
A
A Fixed axially
Runout
LOF
+ Rotated Can also be used
on flat surfaces
perpendicular
RUNOUT
A
to the datum axis
A
Y Y
V
0.03 A Datum A
Datum A Fixed + Rotated
A
Fixed axially
A
Total Runout
+ Rotated Can also be used W U
Z X Z X
on flat surfaces
A perpendicular
to the datum axis
A
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