The Unified Theory Electricity, Magnetism, Gravity ,

Mechanic
arxiv.org /html/physics/9908024

arXiv:physics/9908024v1 [physics.gen-ph] 12 Aug 1999

The Unified Theory Electricity, Magnetism, Gravity and Mechanics

Julius Pretterebner, Im Rank 10, D-71570 Oppenweiler, Germany

Contact: Julius@Pretterebner.DE

Abstract

This article shows the relations between the electricity, magnetism, gravity and mechanics by presenting an
existing hidden structure in the Maxwell equations. This hidden structure allows to discover the classical physic
from a new point of view leading to the unified theory (UT). In this UT the magnetism is the rotating electric field
impulse and the mechanical impulse is the gravity field impulse. The mixing of the point theory e.g. mass points
and the field theory e.g. electromagnetic waves does not allow a UT. The strictly use of the field theory
overcomes this problem and leads to the UT. In the first section of this article the point theory is presented as a
reduction of the field theory. The relation between the point impulse and the field impulse is a key point for the
UT. In the second section the electric Maxwell equations are derived from a scalar wave equation showing a
hidden structure and unifying the electricity and the magnetism. The use of this structure for the gravity field
combines the classical mechanics with the gravity. All electric and magnetic effects can be observed for the
gravity and vice versa.. The definition of the electricity as density variations of the gravity field allows to define
the UT. At the end of the article some results of the UT are presented. The Lorenz force and

the Newton law are examined. The relativity theory and the quantum theory
are described by wave effects of the UT. This article is written for my wife Andrea and my
brother Bert.

Introduction

Johannes Kepler discovered that the shape of the movement of the earth around the sun is a ellipsoid. Isaac
Newton calculated this shape by assuming a gravity force . The unphysical infinite
velocity of the gravity force for any distance d makes a closed solution for three or more
planets impossible. Additional the earth mass mE and the sun mass mS are described
by mass points which is also not true. In the mechanical Newton law the object is
described by a mass point m. The force between two electrical charged particles is
described by charged points. Michael Faraday introduced and demonstrated his
ideas of a deformed field in the space between the two charged particles. James

Clark Maxwell introduced 1864 the displacement current in the

first of the four electrical field equations, which became the so called Maxwell equations (Maxeq). The electric or
magnetic influence of the material is described by three material equations (Mateq). These equations describe
the structure between the electric and the magnetic field.

With this equations all electromagnetic effects are described by the

field behavior. The first four equations can be deduced from one
wave equation by using a hidden structure.

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Point Theory versus Field Theory

The classical physic uses discrete values for the positions of objects and define parameters like the velocity,
impulse, force etc.. Obviously the geometry of a real object has finite dimensions and is not a mathematical
point. The field theory defines that the impact on a object is defined by his surrounding field. This means that a
object P is deforming the space causing a "field" and any new object S passing that space will be influenced as it
happens with a satellite passing a planet. It means in detail that the object P causes a field F P and the object S
causes a field F S and these two fields F P and F S cause a reaction. The reaction between P and S is not
directly, it is performed over the field deformations. It means that the space is characterized by physical values,
the field values. The total force F PS reacting to S is evaluated with a closed surface integral which contains the
entire object S. After this step the force F PS can be considered to be located in one point, the center of gravity for
S. This means that the field theory includes the point classical theory. The field values are transported in space
with a finite velocity c. If the planet P would disappear - e.g. explode - in a distance d, the satellite S would notice

within the time the disappearing of the gravity. This retarding t of the planet force was not included in
the classical point theory. The structure of the field in space is described by the three dimensional wave
equation: . The field F S , defined by a second order differential equation, can
be solved if the initial values for the field F S and the impulse of the field F S vS
are given. If a object S moves with the constant velocity vS then the field F S
follows S with the velocity vS. The following table shows the definitions:

Point Theory Point Value Field Value Field Theory

mass point S mS FS field potential of S

mass velocity of S vS vS field velocity of S

mass impulse of S pS = m S vS P S = F S vS field impulse of S

The inertial mass and the gravitational mass use the same medium gravity. If the object S change the velocity -
it accelerates - then the field F S produces waves known as the inertial behavior of S. At high velocities vS c
the field will restrict due to the Mach effect a further increase of the velocity vS known as the relativistic mass
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defect.

Electric Field Theory - Electricity and Magnetism

Due to the wide spread of applications in electricity the electric field is analyzed in many details. Independent of
this knowledge there is a hidden structure in the Maxwell equations showing the relation between the electricity
and the magnetism. A single electric wire carrying the current J is first examined. The wire is electrically neutral
since there are the same amount of positive atoms and negative electrons. The total potential F total is zero
since the potential coming from the atoms is compensated by the potential of the electrons: . The total field
impulse P total is not zero since the negative electrons are moving and the atoms
are fixed in their position: . The mathematical exact transfer of this result for the
electrical potential allows to see a new structure in the Maxwell equations.

The three dimensional Helmholz equation for the potential is:

Now we define for the field impulse A also called vector potential:

If we multiply both sides of the Helmholz equation by the velocity v of the potential we get the wave equation for
the field impulse:

The Lorenz-equation for A has the meaning, that the filed

potential or more general the energy - can move away but
can not disappear.

We define B called induction as:

Since we defined A we can calculate

The wave equation for B is evaluated from the wave equation for A:

We define E called the electric field strength as:

which means that E is induced by a density variation and by a accelerated

field impulse .

The definition of three material equations lead to:

For the normalization of the material constants we define:

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From the definition of the E-field we get the second Maxwell equation:

and the fourth Maxwell equation:

From the definition of the B-field we get the third Maxwell equation:

By applying the operator relation:

it follows that:

and final:

we get the first Maxwell equation:

Finally we can calculate the Lorenz force which is normally used to define the B-field. For
a rotational movement the centrifugal acceleration a is given by:

The force to a charged particle moving in a rotating field is defined by:

Gravity Field Theory - Gravity and Mechanics

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The classical gravity theory assumes a instantaneous movement of the gravity field when a mass object is
moved. The introduction of a retarded movement of the gravity leads to the unification of the gravity and the
mechanics. The mathematical equivalence of this effect is a three dimensional wave equation, the Helmholz
equation for the gravity field

Normally a factor g is introduced in the classical physic in order to have

the right relation between the force coming from the static gravity and the
inertial force coming from the mass. In order to use the same mathematical
system for the electricity and the mechanics this factor will not be used. Analog to the electrical field impulse we
can define a mechanical field impulse

For the source for the field impulse we can define the mechanical mass density impulse PM
analog to the electrical charge density impulse PE also called electrical current density S.

If we multiply the Helmholz equation for the gravity field by the velocity of the gravity field
we get the wave equation for the mechanical field impulse:

For the gravity field strength g we have the same definition as for the electric field strength E:

which means that g is induced by a density variation M of the gravity and by a

accelerated field impulse . Any acceleration of a mass object leads to a

excitation of gravity waves in the form of , known as the inertial effect of the mass - the Newton law. The
analog equivalent to the B-field gives the equation for rotational mechanical movements.

Unified Theory

In order to unify the gravity field and the electric field a relation between the gravity and the electricity must be
defined. Gravity is like a liquid space energy density the pressure of the free space. Gravity exists in lower
density "empty space" - or in higher density "material". Electricity must be generated and is not permanent
existing. Electricity is a synonym for a unstable gravity situation the fluctuations of the gravity. The "negative
charge" is a over pressure of the gravity and the "positive charge" is a under pressure of the stabile pressure the
gravity. If negative particles are put together then the positive pressure is increased and the negative particles try
to avoid this. For the same reason positive particles try to avoid the collection from them. If positive and negative
particles are put together then the over and the under pressure is compensated. When electricity is generated
always the same amount of under pressure negative energy density - and over pressure positive energy
density - is generated since the total pressure the energy is constant. Since electricity is the density variation of
the gravity, the gravity and the electricity have the same signaling velocity c 0. This can be summarized: When
you have a gravity mass then you can see a object due to his electrical waves. For the unified theory only one
energy wave equation can be assumed which is composed of two components, the gravity wave and the
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electrical wave.

With the introduction of a field impulse tensor:

we can calculate the wave equation for the field impulse and
the other values.

Results of the United Theory

The unified theory explains physical values like the B-field. Some physical laws like the Newton force, the Lorenz
force, the mass defect, the time and the length dilation can be understood.

The Lorenz Force

is observed if a charged particle passes a rotating field. It means that the field is rotating even if no charged
particle is there. The rotating of the field can be observed at the Maisner-Ochsenfeld effect.

The reason why two magnet can attract or repulse is located in the two invisible rotating curls of the electric field
defined by the B-field.

The Newton Law

is a result of the gravity wave introduced by the acceleration of the object. The acting force used to accelerate
the mass produces a gravity wave. The reaction of the gravity wave is a reaction force which is exactly so strong
as the accelerating force is. The Newton law is also a indicator that our gravity material is build with atoms and
there is a wide empty space between the atoms.

The Relativity Theory

The relativity theory has its origins at high velocities near c 0 of the objects. The valid unified theory must be able
to explain the effects of the relativity theory. At high velocities the mass is increased since the gravity waves can
not "escape" at the front of the object Mach effect. This increase of the inertial mass creates more effects. The
electrons moving around the atoms increase their mass they get heavier. The heavier electrons will reduce their
distance to the atomic kernel since the total energy for the electrons is constant, the atom will shrink which is the
relativistic length contraction. The heavier electrons will slow down in their velocities since the total energy for
the electrons is constant, the atom will slow down his reactions which is the relativistic time defect.

The Quantum Theory

For small object sizes the gravity waves will move more directly the object. The wave behavior of the gravity
wave becomes more dominant since the particle can not integrate over many gravity impulses. The
mathematical way to describe that behavior is the Schrdinger equation. The same effect happens for a small
ship in the sea in contrast to a ocean steamer.

Summary

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A unified theory was presented. The electricity and the magnetism are presented in a new understanding. The
relation between gravity and mechanics was shown. Many of the well known classical effects are seen in a new
point of view. Some of the physical laws, former considered as dogmas like the Newton force, are now a result of
a equation. Only simple mathematical methods had been used. No new "dimensions" or new "strange ideas" had
been presented since only a hidden structure in our classical physic was analyzed. The classical physic before
and after the unified theory is the same, just the point of view has changed. The deeper questions like: Why do
we have space energy ? are still open but they are also answerable.

List of the used equations

F...force, Q...charge, v...velocity of the charge, B...magnetic induction

F...force, m...mass, a...acceleration

F...scalar gravity force, g ...gravitation constant, m E...mass of the earth,

m S...mass of the sun, d...distance between the earth and the sun

F...scalar electrical force, m ...permeability, Q A...charged particle A,

QB...charged particle B, d...distance between the two charged particles

SD...displacement current density, D...dielectric displacement

First Maxwell equation. The rotational part of the H-field is

generated by the electrical current density and by the

displacement current density

H...magnetic field strength, S...electric current density, D...dielectric displacement, t...time

Second Maxwell equation. The rotational part of the E-field is

generated by an increased electrical field rotation.

E...electric field strength, B...magnetic induction, t...time

Third Maxwell equation. The rotation of a field has no starting point

B...magnetic induction

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Fourth Maxwell equation. The sources of the dielectric displacement

are the "truth" charged particles not the polarized particles.

D...displacement, r ...electrical charge density

S...electric current density, s ...conductivity, E...electric field strength

D...displacement, e 0..dielectric vacuum constant, E...electric field

strength, P...electric polarization

B...magnetic induction, m 0..magnetic vacuum constant,

H...magnetic field strength, M...magnetic polarization

t...time, c0...vacuum velocity of light, d...distance of the

F S...gravity field potential, c 0...vacuum velocity of light, t...time, r S...mass

density

F total...total electric potential, F P...potential of the positive electric charge,

F N...potential of the negative electric charge

P total...total field impulse, P P...positive field impulse,

P N...negative field impulse, F N...potential of the negative

electric charge,

vN...velocity of the negative electric charge

F ...electric potential, c 0...vacuum velocity of light, t...time,

r ...electrical charge density, e 0...dielectric vacuum constant

A...field impulse, F ...electric potential, v...field velocity, c 0...vacuum velocity of light

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A...electric field impulse, c0...vacuum velocity of light,
t...time,

r ...electrical charge density, v...field velocity,

e 0...dielectric vacuum constant, c 0...vacuum velocity of

light, m 0..magnetic vacuum constant

A...electric field impulse, c0...vacuum velocity of light,

F ...electric potential, v...field velocity, t...time

B...magnetic induction, A...electric field impulse

B...magnetic induction, A...electric field impulse, F ...electric potential,

w ...angular field velocity, c 0...vacuum velocity of light

A...electric field impulse, t...time, c 0...vacuum

velocity of light, B...magnetic induction,

m 0..magnetic vacuum constant, S...electric

current density

E...electric field strength, F ...electric potential, A...electric field impulse, t...time

S...electric current density, s ...conductivity, E...electric field strength

D...displacement, e 0..dielectric vacuum constant, E...electric field strength, P...electric

polarization

B...magnetic induction, m 0..magnetic vacuum constant,

H...magnetic field strength, M...magnetic polarization

m 0..magnetic vacuum constant, e 0...dielectric vacuum constant, c 0...vacuum velocity of

light

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E...electric field strength, F ...electric potential,

A...electric field impulse, t...time, B...magnetic

induction

E...electric field strength, F ...electric field potential,

A...electric field impulse, t...time, c 0...vacuum velocity of light,

r ...electrical charge density, e 0...dielectric vacuum constant

B...magnetic induction, A...electric field impulse

B...magnetic induction, A...electric field impulse

m 0..magnetic vacuum constant, S...electric current density,

A...electric field impulse, t...time, c 0...vacuum velocity of light,

B...magnetic induction, m 0..magnetic vacuum constant,

e 0...dielectric vacuum constant, E...electric field strength

B...magnetic induction, m 0..magnetic vacuum constant, e

0 ...dielectric vacuum constant,

t...time, E...electric field strength, S...electric current density

H...magnetic field strength, S...electric current density,

D...dielectric displacement, t...time

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a...acceleration, v...velocity, t...time, w ...angular field velocity

F...force, Q...electric charge, E...electric field strength, A...electric field impulse, t...time,

F ...electric potential, v...field velocity, c 0...vacuum velocity of light,

w ...angular field velocity, B...magnetic induction

F M... gravity field potential , c 0...vacuum velocity of light,

t...time, r M...mass density, e 0...dielectric vacuum constant

AM...gravity field impulse, F M... gravity potential,

vM...gravity field velocity, c 0...vacuum velocity of light

PM...mass density impulse, r M...mass density, vM...mass velocity

PE...electric charge density impulse, r E...electric charge density,

vE...charge velocity, S...electric current density

AM...gravity field impulse, c 0...vacuum velocity of light, t...time,

F M... gravity field potential, vM...gravity field velocity, r M...mass density,

m 0..magnetic vacuum constant, PM...mass density impulse

g...gravity field strength, AM...gravity field impulse, t...time

F M... gravity field potential, F E... electric field potential,

c0...vacuum velocity of light, t...time, r M...mass density,

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r E...electric charge density, e 0...dielectric vacuum constant

AG...gravity field impulse tensor, c 0...vacuum velocity of light,

F M... gravity field potential, vM...gravity field velocity,

F E... electric field potential, vE...electric field velocity,

F...force, m...mass, a...acceleration

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