UNIVERSITY of LIMERICK

OLLSCOIL LUIMNIGH

Faculty of Education and Health Sciences

Department of Nursing & Midwifery

End of Semester Assessment: BSc Nursing

Lecturer: Dr Caitrona OLeary

Module Code: NS4203

Module Title: Biological Sciences 3, Anatomy,

Physiology and Pathophysiology

Grading Scheme: 80% Examination

20% Continuous Assessment

Semester: Autumn 2012

Time: 2 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
Answer ALL questions answer any FOUR of a, b, c, d, e, f for each question.
Please enter Student Name and ID Number on each page of this booklet.
All questions carry equal marks.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

QUESTION TOTAL MARKS
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

QUESTION 1:
Answer any FOUR of a, b, c, d, e, f.

a) The urinary system removes toxins, excess water and excess electrolytes from the
bloodstream and eliminates them from the body in the form of urine. Discuss this
statement.
(25 marks)

b) Write notes on the hilus of the kidney.

(25 marks)

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

c) Provide an outline of the anatomy and physiology of each of the following.

(25 marks)
i. Renal capsule

ii. Adipose capsule

iii. Glomerular capsule

iv. The filtrate

v. Renal medulla

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

d) Describe each of the processes listed below.

(25 marks)
i. Net filtration pressure

ii. Glomerular filtration rate

iii. Regulation of Glomerular filtration rate

iv. Renal plasma clearance

v. Renal failure

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

e) Provide an overview of the functions of each of the following:

(25 marks)

i. Renal Tubule

ii. Glomerulus

iii. Filtration Slits

f) Describe two homeostatic imbalances, of your choice, associated with the urinary
system.
(25 marks)

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

QUESTION 2:
Answer any FOUR of a, b, c, d, e, f.

a) What do you understand by the term tubular reabsorption in association with the
anatomy and physiology of the nephron?
(25 marks)

b) Write short notes on hormonal regulation of the urinary system.

(25 marks)

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

c) Outline the functions of each of the following in relation to the digestive system.
(25 marks)
i. Mucosa

ii. Submucosa

iii. Muscularis

iv. Serosa

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

d) Mucus secreted by the mucosa protects the epithelial cells from coming into
contact with urine, which contains toxins and is slightly acidic. Write notes on
this statement.
(25 marks)

e) Write short notes on the neural regulation of the gastrointestinal tract.

(25 marks)

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

f) Write short notes on each of the following in relation to the small intestine.
(25 marks)
i. Lamina propria

ii. Chemical digestion in the small intestine

iii. Absorption in the small intestine

iv. Coeliac condition (disease)

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

QUESTION 3:
Answer any FOUR of a, b, c, d, e, f.

a) Outline the functions of the thyroid gland using each of the headings below.
(25 marks)
i. Thyrotropin releasing hormone

ii. The thyroid follicular cell activity

iii. Negative feedback

iv. Excess secretions of thyroid hormones

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

b) Describe the anatomy and physiology of the large intestine.

(25 marks)

c) Provide an outline of the anatomy and physiology of the pancreas.

(25 marks)

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

d) Write a short note on each of the following in relation to the female reproductive
system.
(25 marks)
i. Uterine blood supply

ii. Oogenesis

iii. Ciliated cells

iv. Corpus luteum

v. Cervical mucus

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

e) Describe each of the following in relation to the male reproductive system.

(25 marks)
i. The sustentacular cells (sertoli cells)

ii. Spermatogenesis

iii. The prostate gland

iv. Seminal fluid

v. Endocrine secretions and the testes

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

f) The female reproductive cycle encompasses the ovarian and uterine cycles. Write
notes on the menstrual phase of the female reproduction cycle.
(25 marks)

QUESTION 4:
Answer any FOUR of a, b, c, d, e, f.

a) Why is knowledge of the process of wound healing of importance to you as a

nurse?
(25 marks)

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

b) Write notes on each of the headings given below.

(25 marks)
i. Atrophy

ii. Hypertrophy

iii. Dysplasia

iv. Metaplasia

v. Neoplasia

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

c) Homeostatic mechanisms attempt to counteract the everyday stresses of living.

Write notes on each of the following in relation to everyday stresses.

(25 marks)
i. The fight or flight response

ii. The resistance reaction

iii. Cortisol

iv. Exhaustion

v. Stress and disease

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

d) Provide an overview of prostate cancer using each of the headings given below.
(25 marks)
i. Stage A

ii. Stage B

iii. Stage C

iv. Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

e) Describe the process of metastasis using each of the headings given below.
(25 marks)
i. Detachment

ii. Invasion

iii. Dissemination and seeding

iv. Target tissue for secondary growth

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 NS4203 Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Dr Caitrona OLeary

Student Id Number:________________ Course of Study:_______________________

f) Write short notes on cancers of the skin.

(25 marks)

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