sabWoTa warsuli

Tbilisis CrdilebSi
sabWoTa warsuli
Tbilisis CrdilebSi

proeqtis meoce saukunis sabWoTa saqarTvelo 20 kadrSi

mizania diskusiis waxaliseba Cveni uaxlesi istoriis Sesa
xeb, istoriulad mniSvnelovani sivrcis gasacnobiereblad.
proeqti ganxorcielda hainrih biolis fondis samxreT
kavkasiis regionuli biuros mxardaWeriT.
25 Te b e r va li , 1 9 21
Tav i s u f l e b i s m o e d a n i
24 Tebervalis Rames saqarTvelos demokra
tiuli respublikis armiis mTavarsardalma
giorgi kvinitaZem Tbilisis misadgomebTan
erTkviriani TavdacviTi brZolebis Semdeg
qalaqis datovebisa da jarebis gadajgufe
bis gadawyvetileba miiRo. armiasTan erTad
dedaqalaqi datova mTavrobam da damfuZne
belma krebam, aseve moqalaqeTa mniSvnelovan
ma nawilma; moqalaqeTa darCenilma nawilma
ki qalaqSi wesrigis uzrunvelsayofad TviT
organizebiT Camoayaliba dacvis komiteti
da frontis xazs miRma delegacia gagzavna
wiTeli armiis sardlobasTan. delegaciam maT
gadasca informacia imis Sesaxeb, rom qalaqis
dacva moxsnilia da iq mSvidobiani mosaxleo
bis garda aravinaa.
25 Tebervals, diliT TbilisSi sabWoTa ruse
Tis me-11 wiTeli armiis nawilebi Semovidnen
general anatoli hekeris sardlobiT. qalaqis
sabWos SenobaSi saqarTvelos revkomma (rev
oluciurma komitetma) pirvel brZanebulebad
saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respub
likis sagangebo komisiis - Cekas Seqmnis gad
awyvetileba miiRo. qalaqSi darCenili mosax
leoba SiSiT eloda wiTeli armiisagan Cveul
qmedebas - dapyrobili qalaqis darbevas, Tum
ca imis gamo, rom dacvis komitetis muSaobis
Sedegad qalaqSi sruli wesrigi iyo, xolo sa
okupacio xelisufleba dainteresebuli iyo,
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis simpaTia moepove
bina, masobrivi Zaladoba ar momxdara. Tbili
sis sabWoTa istoriis aTvla 25 Tebervlidan
daiwyo.
2 9 agvisto, 1 9 2 3 weli
m Tav ro b i s s a s a x l i s b a R i
ko m i n t e r n i s q u C a
rogorc Tavad aRniSnavdnen, sabWoTa xelisu
fleba simbolizms afasebda - sabWoTa saqarT
veloSi 25 ricxvi iRbliani iyo: 25 oqtombris
did bolSevikur revolucias da 25 Teberv
lis sabWoTa saqarTvelos dabadebas kidev
erTi 25, amjerad agvisto unda damateboda;
komunisturi partia sxvaTa saCveneblad cdi
lobda dae sabuTebina, rom saqarTvelos mo
saxleobis umravlesoba Seurigda da mxars uW
erda sabWoTa xelisuflebas, mis winaaRmdeg
mxolod masebs mowyvetili ramdenime antis
abWoTa partia Tu gamodioda; metic, am parti
is wevrTa umravlesobac urigdeboda sabWoTa
saxelmwifos da undoblobas ucxadebda emi
graciasa da Rrma iatakqveSeTSi myof xelmZR
vanel rgolebs.
1922 wlis bolodan sadamsjelo organoebis
didi energia da sabWoTa presis sapropagan
do saSualebebi dapatimrebuli mowinaaRmdege
partiis wevrebisa da liderebis damuSavebaSi
daixarja, raTa maT sajarod ganecxadebinaT
partiidan gasvlis Sesaxeb; 1923 wlis 25 agvis
tos ki TbilisSi yvelaze gavleniani, saqarT
velos social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis
yofili wevrebis, yofili menSevikebis kon
ferenciam daiwyo muSaoba, romelic 1923 wlis
29 agvistos dasrulda; konferenciam partia
daSlilad gamoacxada. delegatTa didi naw
ili darbazSi pirdapir sapatimroebi dan iyo
miyvanili; ramdenime maTganma scenari daar
Rvia da es farsi amxila. fotokorespondentis
kameram 1921-1924 wlebis politikuri brZolis
qronikidan mxolod es erTi kadri Semoinaxa.
2 iv n i s i , 1 9 2 6
z e m o av Wa l i s
hidroeleqtrosadguri
komunizmi - esaa sabWoTa xelisuflebas plus
qveynis eleqtrofikacia. beladis am formu
lis aqtualoba qarTvel bolSevikebs kargad
esmodaT da 1921 wlidanve gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba mimarTes TbilisSi maT damkvidre
bamde mxolod qaRaldze arsebuli ideis -
mZlavri hidroeleqtrosadguris aSenebis
ganxorcielebisaken. Cveulebad iqca SabaTo
bebi (dasvenebis dRes nebayoflobiTi muSaoba)
zemo avWalis hidroeleqtrosadguris, zahe
sis arxisa da sadguris mSeneblobaze, koleq
tiuri daxmarebebis Sekreba da sapatio stum
rebis gaseirneba.
mSeneblobaze patimrebis Sromis gamoyeneba
da bolSevikebis saidumlo policiis - Cekas
zedamxedvelobac ar iyo ucxo. samuSaoebis
bolo fazaze, 1926 wels Tbiliss komunistu
ri partiis sakavSiro centraluri komitetis
mdivani - ioseb stalini estumra; saqarTve
los okupaciis Semdeg misi pirveli vizitisa
gan gansxvavebiT, rodesac naZaladevis muSebi
stalinis gamosvlas siZulviliTa da protes
tiT Sexvdnen, amjerad moulodneli scenebi
ar yofila; 1924 wlis agvistos ajanyebis Cax
Sobisa da masobrivi represiebis Semdeg xeli
suflebac da antisabWourad ganwyobili mo
saxleobis umravlesobac erTmaneTTan aqtiur
konfrontacias erideboda. Tavis mxriv ki,
kompartiis SigniT ukve gamokveTili iyo lev
trockisa da misi mowinaaRmdegeebis - stalin
is jgufis momavali dapirispirebis samzadisi;
TbilisSi stalinis mowinaaRmdegeebi kvlavac
inarCunebdnen sapasuxismgeblo postebs, za
hesSi maspinZlobas ki mas samomavlo brZola
Si aqtiuri mxardamWerebi, adgi lobrivi par
tiuli liderebi uwevdnen; hesis samuSaoebi
stalins inJinrebma - WiWinaZem, miqelaZem da
meliq-faSaevma gaacnes. erTi wlis Semdeg, he
sis sazeimo gaxsnisas, aqtiuri Sidapartiuli
brZolis fonze, sabWoTa presa da poetebi
aRtacebuli umRerdnen mtkvarze borkilis
dadebas - Tbilisi uCveulo suraTis momswre
gaxda, hesis sagubaris Sevsebamde mtkvari daS
ra da TbilisSi cariel kalapots cnobismoyva
reebi miawydnen.
 23 ianvari, 1930 23 Ja n ua r y 1930
w i Te l i v a r s k v l a v i s S e s a x v e v i R ed St a r La ne

amJamad tyavis pirveli Cixi/ Nowadays Tkavi first lane

i a n v a r i | jan u ar y
23 ia n va r i , 1 9 3 0
wi Teli varsk vlav is
Sesaxvevi
1921 wlis Semdeg sabWoTa qveyanaSi gauqme
buli religiuri dResaswaulebisas eklesiis
zarebis kantikunti xma Zveli cxovrebis eqod
ismoda - erTgvari faqtobrivi dasabuTeba
imisa, rom TiTze CamosaTvleli gabeduli da
mtkice moqalaqeebi aTasgvari samarTlebrivi
dabrkolebis gadalaxvis Semdeg morwmune
Ta sazogadoebis daregistrirebis gziT da,
Sesabamisad Sav siaSi moxvedrisa da samoqa
laqo uflebebis SezRudvis safrTxis qveS,
mainc axerxebdnen da kvlavac uxangrZliveb
dnen arsebobas erT dros Zlevamosil da mdi
dar instituts, im droisaTvis ki iuridiulad
ararsebul eklesias.
1920-iani wlebis meore naxevridan xelisufle
bam ignorirebisa (samarTlebrivi statusis
ganulebis) da aqtiuri mowinaaRmdege religi
uri liderebis ganeitralebis etapi daasrula
da brZolis Semdgom fazaze gadavida - rogorc
presaSi acxadebdnen, zecaze ieriSi miitana;
kultis msaxuri - mRvdeli safrTxobelad,
devnisa da damcirebis mTavar samizned iqca;
morwmuneTa sazogadoebebi masobrivad karga
vdnen sakulto nagebobebiT sargeblobis ufle
bas maTi sameurneo da kulturuli miznebiT
gamoyenebis aucileblobis sababiT. 1930 wels
ki liTonis damzadebis gegmis Sesasruleblad
zarebis rekviziciis dromac moaRwia.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sio
nis sakaTedro taZris samreklos mTavari
zari, romelic saqarTveloSi rusuli eklesiis
mmarTvelobis simbolod ganixileboda, ofi
cialurad gamonaklis SemTxvevad gamocxadda.
is samuzeumo eqsponantad unda Senaxuliyo.
1 iv li s i , 1 9 3 3
Celiuskinelebis
saxelobis xidi
tfilisis avWalis wyalsadenis moulodneli
saCuqrebi, romelic onkanidan qloris surne
lis mqone Tbil wyals mohyveboda xolme, xSi
rad xdeboda iumoristebis STagonebis wyaro.
miuxedavad aseTi arakomfortulobisa, me-20
saukunis dasawyisisaTvis wyalsadenis abonen
tebis - saxlSi onkanis mqone moqalaqeebis sia
da am saxlebis ganlageba Tbilisis burJua
ziis ubnebsa da moqalaqeebis umravlesobis
sacxovrebel zonebs Soris sazRvrebis zusti
orientiri iyo.
zahesis mSeneblobisa da mwyobrSi Cadgomis
Semdeg, ukve gegmiuri ekonomikis pirveli xuT
wledis pirobebSi gansazRvruli axali sam
rewvelo obieqtebisaTvis saWiro wyalmomar
agebis masStabisa da Tbilisis gaormagebuli
mosaxleobis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tanamedrove
da mZlavri wyalsadenis sistemis aSeneba sasi
cocxlod aucilebeli Canda.
1929 wlidan daiwyo nataxtris wyalsadenis
mSenebloba, romelic komunisturma partiam
qalaqis sabWoTa komunaluri meurneobis axal
simbolod dasaxa - mSeneblobis erTgvar Se
fad ki iqca ukve rkinis saxkomad wodebuli
ssrk mZime mrewvelobis saxalxo komisari ser
go orjonikiZe, romelic mSeneblobas saWiro
masalebiT amaragebda; wyalsadenis dagegmvasa
da mSeneblobaze axalgazrda inJinerTa jgufi
da specialurad Seqmnili organizacia natax
tarmSeni muSaobda; 1933 wlisTvis, Tbilisis
socialisturi rekonstruqciis dasawyisSi,
axali wyalsadenis arqiteqturuli Strixebi -
akvedukebi da gamanawilebeli sadgurebi ukve
mianiSnebda mnaxvels, Tu rogor warmoedgina
xelisuflebas socialisturi sazogadoebis
sacxovrebeli sivrcis vizualuri mxare. 1933
wlis 30 ivniss nataxtris wyalsadeni sazeimod
gaixsna, 1 ivlisidan mosaxleobis onkanebSi ax
ali wyali daigzavna.
8 ivnisi, 1 9 3 7 weli
S o Ta r u s Ta v e l i s
prospeqti
1930-iani wlebis meore naxevridan moqalaqeebi
ucnauri da saSiSi cvlilebis momswreni gaxd
nen - bolSevikurma partiam warsulisTvisac
moicala da mis rekonstruqcias Seudga; Tuki
aqamde ganvlil droze damoukideblad fiqri
da Cxreka sakmarisi sababi iyo, rom Sinagan
emigrantad da klasobrivad gaucxoebulad
gamoecxadebineT, ukve socializmis ganxor
cielebis zRvarze myof sazogadoebaSi saWiro
gaxda swori da amomwuravi pasuxebi gaCenili
yo im uxerxul kiTxvebze, romlebic Zalaune
burad uCndebodaT Tundac Tavdajerebul
komkavSirelebs partiisa da qveynis warsulis
suraTebis namsxvrevebTan Sexebisas; sad iyvnen
partiis beladebi, ratom ar Candnen sazoga
doebriv cxovrebaSi da vin iyvnen is ucnobi
saxelebi, romlebic im drois procesebs gan
sazRvravdnen, dRes ki maT xsenebaze uxerxu
lad dumdnen?
propagandis manqanam maleve rekorduli ti
raJebiT gaavrcela istoriis axali versiebi,
romlebic partiis axalgazrda kadrebisTvis
uryev WeSmaritebad unda qceuliyo, sadac
damarwmuneblad Canda, Tu rogor gamoedina
masebis moTxovnebidan bolSevikuri partiis
kursi da ramdenad gacnobierebulad an Tun
dac Zalauneburad monawileobda yvela pro
gresuli moazrovne proletaruli revolu
ciis gamarjvebis saqmeSi amxanag stalinTan
erTad.
mexsierebis gardaqmnis procesis pikze, 1937
wels ufro xelsayreli dro dadga; albaT,
ara mxolod imitom, rom ilia WavWavaZis
dabadebidan saiubileo 100 weli Sesrulda, ar
amed noyier niadagze - sazogadoebaSi gamefe
buli totaluri SiSis fonze gaCnda saSuale
ba, lamis 20 wlis manZilze miCumaTebuli an
glexTa mCagvrel da reaqcionerad gamoyvanili
XIX-XX saukuneebis mijnis erT-erTi masStab
uri saxeli - ilia WavWavaZe uceb nacional
ur-revoluciuri moZraobis progresul li
derad warmoedginaT da siamayiT moeyolaT
bavSvebisaTvis iveriis redaqciaSi misuli
axalgazrda soso juRaSvilis leqsis ambavi.
1 2 dekemberi, 1 9 3 7
universitetis quCa
12 dekembers sakuTari oTaxis karze atexilma
braxunma da gvarebiT gamoZaxebam Tbilisis mo
qalaqeebis did nawils daufrTxo Zili. es ga
moRviZeba im saSineli wuTis mcire repeticias
hgavda, gazafxulidan moyolebuli yoveli Ra
mis dadgomisas rom moelodnen, Tumca amjerad
adriani dilidan mobilizebuli saxelmwifo
aparati moqalaqeobrivi valis moxdisken mou
wodebda masebs da ara raRac mcire kiTxvebze
pasuxis gasacemad epatiJeboda SinsaxkomSi.
am dRisTvis didxans emzadebodnen - saagitacio
plakatebiT, transparantebiT, kandidatebTan
Sexvedra-mitingebiT, raTa moqalaqeebs kargad
gaegoT, rom stalinuri konstituciiT ga
rantirebuli sayovelTao, pirdapiri da faru
li kenWisyriT msoflioSi yvelaze demokra
tiul arCevnebze maTi warmomadgenlebi - ssrk
uzenaesi sabWos deputatebi unda aerCiaT;
daxurul kabinaSi patiosnad SemoexazaT bi
uletenze dabeWdili erTaderTi kandidatis
gvari da saarCevno yuTSi CaegdoT.
kandidatebis gvarebi ki gabaTilebis survi
ls ZirSive klavdnen - lavrenti beria, avqsen
ti rafava, mixeil gviSiani, aleqsandre sajaia,
sergo gogliZe, vladimer dekanozovi, grigol
karanaZe... saxelebi, romlebsac ukavSirdeboda
CurCuliT moyolili ambebi RamiT wayvanili
da ugzoukvlod dakarguli mezoblis, TanamS
romlis, nacnobis, naTesavis, muSis, usaqmuris,
partiulis, upartios Sesaxeb - arCevnebamde,
arCevnebisas da arCevnebis Semdeg.
1 9 41 w e l i
lavrenti berias
moedani
warmosaxviTsa da mravalsaxian mterTan samo
mavlo didi omis samzadisi Tbiliss 1930-iani
wlebis bolodan daetyo; frontispira qa
laqad gadaqcevis SiSismomgvreli molodinis
gadafarvasa da samzadisis SefuTvas axalgaz
rdebis fizikuri sijansaRis kultiT da say
ovelTao disciplinis sargeblianobis propa
gandiT cdilobdnen. Tumca mainc yvelasTvis
cxadi iyo, ratom daiwyo moqalaqeebis maso
brivi savele mecadineobebi, qimiuri TavSesa
frebis mowyoba, strategiul obieqtebze kon
trolis gamkacreba... mtris saxec nel-nela
ufro cxadad ikveTeboda presis furclebsa
Tu oratorebis mxurvale mowodebebSi.
omiswina Tveebis daZabuli yoveldRiurobis
Cveuli suraTebi - aRlumebze sakuTari samx
edro Zlierebis demonstrireba, armiis mosax
leobasTan daaxloeba, patriotuli Sinaarsis
saubrebi 1941 wlis 22 ivnisidan ukve msubuqma
panikam, Woris manqanis gugunma, ltolvilebis
nakads Camoyolilma tyuil-marTalma, SuqSe
niRbvis iwilo-biwilom, Ramis patrulebTan
muSti-krivma, SimSilma, sursaTis arnaxulma
rigebma, evakohospitalebis mwvave sunma, samxe
dro komisrebisa da smerSis parpaSma da fos
talionis gamoCenas moyolilma zafram Secva
la.
1943 wlidan Rrma zurgSi darCenili Tbilisis
cxovrebis qronikebis zedmiwevniT mcodnee
bi aRarsad Canan - albaT umravlesoba instin
qturad mexsierebidan devnida kidec am civi da
mZime wlebis usiamovno mogonebebs. dRes Cvens
irgvliv ki mxolod is Taoba darCa, bavSvobis
gamo sahaero gangaSic rom tkbilad axsovT im
droidan - trotuarze mxolod marjvena mx
ares siaruli rom SeiZleboda.
4 n o e m b e r i , 1 9 51 we l i
Tbilisis zRva
sworxazovani, farTo, naTeli quCebiT daqse
lili, qarxnebis maRali sakvamurebiT da ele
qtrogadamcemi anZebiT daxunZluli qalaqi,
romelic garSemortymuli iyo amwvanebuli
baRebiT, saZovrebiT, fermebiTa da fabrikebiT
- aseTi iyo 1920-iani wlebidanve gansazRvru
li momavlis socialisturi Tbilisis mod
eli, romlis ganxorcielebis ocnebas swored
irgvliv gadaWimuli gaudabnoebuli velebi da
usicocxlo tafobebi ukvecdnen frTebs; ara
da, mzardi mosaxleobisa da samrewvelo dat
virTvis mqone qalaqis binadarTa gamokvebis
simZime gareubnebSi arsebul meurneobebs unda
daswolodaT.
samgoris velis morwyvisa da damuSavebis gran
diozul proeqtebze muSaoba 1920-iani wlebis
bolodanve daiwyo, Tumca ocnebis ganxor
cielebas morigi dartyma meore msoflio
omma miayena; omis dasrulebis Semdeg bunebis
gardaqmnis did proeqts kvlav miubrundnen;
Tbilisis dasavleTiT, samgoris velis zemo
nawilSi, mtkvris uZveles kalapotSi darCenili
ramdenime mlaSe tbis adgilas didi wyalsaca
vis mowyoba daiwyo, romelic mdinare ivridan
gamoyvanili magistraluri arxiT Seivsebo
da da wyals gaunawilebda Tbilisis marcxena
sanapiros udabur maRlobebsa da samgoris ve
lis meurneobebs.
1951 wlis 4 noembers, dilidanve, qalaqidan
uwyvet nakadad daiwyo xalxma dena zemo
tbebisken im RirsSesaniSnavi wuTis sanaxa
vad, sazeimod Semkuli karibWidan Tu rogor
CamoeSveboda ivris wyali wina dRiT ukve didi
stalinis saxelobis sarwyav sistemad monaT
lul Tbilisis zRvaSi.
1 ap rili, 1 9 8 7
gamarjvebis (vakis) parki
1969 wels saparlamento delegaciis wevris
statusiT stumrobis Semdeg 1987 wels es rki
nis ledis meore da mniSvnelovani viziti iyo
rkinis fardis miRma; strategiuli birTvuli
SeiaraRebis Semcirebis sakiTxebze daZa buli
molaparakebis fonze mkafiod SeimCneoda in
teresi sabWoTa kavSiridan didi mondomebiT
gavrcelebuli signalis - gardaqmnis poli
tikis mimarT: ras umzadebda daanonsebuli
didi cvlilebebis procesi danarCen msofli
os, apirebda Tu ara skkp, uari eTqva msofli
oSi komunizmis eqspansiis zurgis gamagreba
ze, moixsneboda Tu ara dasavleT evropisken
mimarTuli samxedro muqara, rogori perspeq
tiva hqonda ekonomikuri kavSirebis princi
pebis gadaxedvas?
daxuruli molaparakebebis dasasruls, diplo
matiuri reveransebis miuxedavad, mkafiod ga
moTqmul azrTa sxvadasxvaobidan Canda, rom
arsebiT cvlilebebamde jer kidev Sori iyo.
vizitis bolos, sabWoTa diplomatiuri etike
tis erTgvari tradiciiT, stumari Tbiliss
ewvia, sadac sabWoTa saqarTvelos kulturu
li RirsSesaniSnaobebis naCqarevi turi Ses
Tavazes - restavrirebuli Zveli Tbilisi
saxeldaxelod mowyobili Ria gamofeniT, xe
lovnebis muzeumi, axladgaxsnil ritualebis
sasaxleSi qorwinebis sapatio stumrobac ki,
Tumca am yvelafers mainc kontrolisa da
fasadurobis kvali gasdevda.
stumris dainteresebis obieqtis - gardaqm
nis gamo male Tbilisi arc Tu sasurvel
zonad iqca sapatio stumrebis gaseirnebisT
vis, radgan fasads miRma gadamalulma pro
cesebma sajaro sivrceSi gamoaRwies.
21 m a r ti , 1 9 5 9
ivane maCablis quCa
mTel quCaze gadaWimuli rigebi da sabWoTa
mweralTa kavSiris saxlTan moqalaqeebis dam
wuxrebuli saxeebi arc Tu Cveuli sanaxaoba
iyo maCablis quCisaTvis - galaktion tabiZis
dakrZalvis ceremoniali TavisTavad poetis
tragikuli bedis STambeWdav ilustraciad
Canda: kolegebis trafaretuli gamosaTxo
vari sityvebiT, sapatio yarauliTa da xalxis
uzarmazari masiT, romelic mTawmindisken mia
cilebda saxalxo poetis kubos.

TviTmyofadi da Caketili simbolisti poetis

sayovelTao popularoba da siyvaruli namd
vilad ar niSnavda, rom igi yoveldRiur re
alobaSic msgavsive mxardaWeriTa da zrunviT
iyo garemoculi. poetis bohemur cxovrebad
warmodgenili Tbilisuri yofa ufro gadarCe
nisTvis brZolas hgavda; procesias usiamovno
Crdilad mihyveboda xmebi da versiebi, Tu ro
gor uyuradRebobasa da ignorirebaSi gaatara
galaktionma TviTmkvlelobamde darCenili
saaTebi saavadmyofoSi.
11 m a is i , 1 9 61
petre meliqiSvilis quCa
1961 wels, gasabWoebis me-40 wlisTavze pirvel
maisobis zeimi gaxangrZlivda - Tbilisi sapatio
stumars didi mondomebiT, cota zedmeti SiS
iTa da nerviulobiT eloda; adgilobriv eli
tas unda moexerxebina, rom `SefisTvis~ daemt
kicebina loialoba, misi politikuri kursis
efeqturobis rwmena da eCvenebina, rom gafan
tulia is siZulvili, romelsac saqarTveloSi
1956 wlis 9 martis Semdeg ver malavdnen nikita
xruSCovis mimarT. Tbilisis vagzalze sazeimo
daxvedris Semdeg saxuravgadaxdilma Caikam
gezi rusTavelis prospeqtisken aiRo, gzispiras
Camwkrivebuli moqalaqeebis cocxali jaWvi ga
iara da misalmebebis Semdeg stalinis sanapiros
gauyva qalaqis axali ubnis - saburTalosken. saa
mayo arqiteqturuli obieqtebis - politeqniku
ri institutis korpusebis (romelzec ucnauria,
magram mainc leninis, stalinisa da xruSCovis
didi portretebi gamoefinaT), sportis sasax
lis da mravalbiniani sacxovrebeli saxlebis
gzadagza SeTvalierebis Semdeg turi aseve ax
ali arqiteqturis sivrceSi - didubeSi, saxalxo
meurneobis sagamofeno pavilionSi gagrZelda,
saRamos ki stumars operisa da baletis saxelm
wifo Teatrma baleti demoni SesTavaza.
meore dRes, sportis sasaxleSi sityviT ga
mosvlisas, trafaretuli, savaldebulo nawil
isa da maspinZlebis dasatkbobi sentimentaluri
mogonebebis Semdeg kompartiis cekas pirvelma
mdivanma TbilisSi erT dReSi gancdil-nanax
is magaliTze auxsna masas sakuTari politiku
ri kursis saidumlo - uxeSad gadaiangariSa, Tu
ramdeni skola da saavadmyofo SeiZleba aSen
ebuliyo sportis sasaxleze gaweuli xarjiT.
xruSCovis stumrobis kulisebsmiRma pikanturi
istoriebi didxans hyofnidaT saqilikod; amave
vizitisas ki saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis
mier gamovlenili zeoperatiuloba, rodesac
CanafiqrSive gaaneitrales kompartiis liderze
Tavdasxma-SurisZieba, dRemde cxoveli intere
sis sagnad rCeba.
1969
pionerTa sasaxle,
rusTa velis prospeqt i
am wels mefisnacvlis, Semdgom mTavrobis
(demokratiulis da komunisturis) da aw ukve
pionerTa sasaxle myarad moiniSna msoflio
saWadrako rukaze - misi saWadrako wris yo
filma moswavleebma, nona gafrindaSvilma da
tigran petrosianma msoflio Cempionis ti
tulebi moipoves - Wadrakis dedoflad ga
mocxadebulma nonam ukve mesamed, xolo rki
nis tigranma - meored.
1960-ian wlebs qalTa WadrakSi ukve nona gafrin
daSvilis epoqad moixseniebdnen, sabWoTa pre
sa ki aRtacebuli werda, rogor vaJkacurad
ibrZoda nona titulis dasacavad da waru
matebeli startis Semdegac ki Semoabruneb
da xolme TamaSs. Tbiliseli sportsmenebis
gamarjveba moqalaqeebis fantazias axaliseb
da da male gulubryvilo legendac ki SeTxzes,
rogor daexmara tigrani nonas finalur matCSi
ucxoTaTvis gaurkveveli sityva aCu-Ti.
1960-ianebis triumfis mexsiereba dResac
cocxlobs amJamad ukve moswavle-axalgazr
dobis erovnul sasaxleSi, sadac saWadrako
klubs erTi SexedviT ucnauri abreviatura
aqvs - ntn - nona-tigrani-nana.
9 m a is i , 1 9 7 3 we l i
kamos quCa
faSizmze gamarjvebis 28-e wlisTavze TiTqos
warsulidan gamoxmobilma suraTma SeaSfoTa
qalaqi da sazeimo sixalvaTe da moduneba in
teresnarevi gaognebiT Secvala - SuadReze
kvamlis mZime Rrublebma da Semdeg cecxlis
arnaxulma alma operisa da baletis Teat
ris Weri da TiTqmis mTeli korpusi Caixvia
da Tan Caitana, stiqias mxolod Senobis fasa
di gadaurCa; Tvalis daxamxamebaSi Caiferfla
lamis erTi saukunis istoria, maT Soris Tea
tris siamaye - sergo qobulaZis Seqmnili far
da; pirveli operis xanZridan 99 wlis Semdeg
Tbilisis operis Teatris ucnauri bedi kvlav
ganmeorda.
maleve cxadi gaxda, rom xanZari ubeduri
SemTxveva ar yofila, Tumca Teatris ganad
gurebaSi damnaSaveebis gamJRavnebas ramdenime
weliwadi dasWirda; 1977 wels operisa da ba
letis Teatris teqnikuri, administraciuli
TanamSromlebisa da yofili solistis jgufi
Senobis winaswari ganzraxviT dawvis braldeb
iT gaasamarTles;
Ziebis versiiT, direqciiT ukmayofilo
solistma miimxro direqtoris moadgile,
gamnaTebeli, radisti, eleqtroteqnikosi da
sawyobis gamge da xelsayrel dros, 9 maisis
zeimisas, sasceno specefeqtebis Sesaqmneli
qimiuri reaqciiT parterSi xanZari gamoiwvies.
braldebis mtkicebis didi mondomebis mi
uxedavad, Ziebis versias sazogadoebis mxri
dan mainc undobloba mohyva upasuxo kiTxvis
- vin moamaraga xanZris iniciatorebi fuliT
(risi dadgenac gamoZiebam ver SeZlo) da bral
debulTa mimarT sasamarTlos mier msubuqi
sasjelis gamotanis gamo. operis Senoba maleve
aRdga pirvandelTan miaxloebuli saxiT, Tum
ca mis ganadgurebaSi braldebulTa ambavi da
saxelebi, uZvelesi cecxliswamkideblisagan
gansxvavebiT, maleve miiviwyes.
27 o q to m b e r i , 1 979
metexis eklesiis ezo
im sanatrel droSi, axla rom mistirian
xolme, roca arc omi iyo, arc SiodaT, fulic
iSoveboda, nacnob-megobrobac Wrida, aTasi
sxva wvrilmanic da mainc ratomRac uZraobis
xanas eZaxdnen, sabWoTa qveynis ideologebma
CaTvales, rom safuZvliani rekonstruqcia es
aWiroeboda sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis al
baT erTaderT ukontrolo mxares, adamianebis
ubralo da uwyinar instinqts - TavSeyrisa da
drois erTad gatarebis sxvadasxva sababs, iqne
boda es warmarTuli fesvebis mqone lokaluri
mniSvnelobis rituali, miviwyebuli religiu
ri dResaswaulis yvelaze mimzidveli nawili -
nadimi Tu sxva.
sabWoTa adamianebis cnobierebaSi Zveli da bun
dovani, xSirad mavne tradiciebi axal, cxad
da sasargeblo dResaswaulebs unda SeecvalaT.
Sesabamisad, maleve masobrivad gaCnda obaze
daboloebuli, oficialuri moZravi Tu uZravi
dResaswaulebi inspiraciis farTo speqtriT
- kulturis moRvaweebisa da revolucionere
bis personaluri dReobebidan qalaqebisa da
dabebis saxelobiT zeimebamde.
Tbilisobis dResaswaulis Tavdapirveli
aqcentebi - istoriuli qalaqis ubnebis buta
foriuli gacocxleba, multikulturulobis
Teatraluri xazgasma, regionebidan centrSi
Semodgomis nobaTis Semodineba, qorwilebi
sa da axalSobilebis statistikebis friali
kvlavac TvalSisacemia am iSviaTad sicocx
lisunarian sabWoTa dResaswaulis dRevandel
dramaturgiaSic da saintereso sagania gansji
saTvis - uZraobis xanis ideologiurma poli
tikam warmatebiT imuSava da formiT xalxuri
zeimebi socialisturi SinaarsiT Seavso, Tu
am eqsperimentma gauTvalisiwinebeli naerTi
mogvca?!
1 ap rili, 1 9 8 7
g a m a r j ve b i s ( va k i s ) p a r k i
1969 wels saparlamento delegaciis wevris
statusiT stumrobis Semdeg 1987 wels es rki
nis ledis meore da mniSvnelovani viziti iyo
rkinis fardis miRma; strategiuli birTvuli
SeiaraRebis Semcirebis sakiTxebze daZa buli
molaparakebis fonze mkafiod SeimCneoda in
teresi sabWoTa kavSiridan didi mondomebiT
gavrcelebuli signalis - gardaqmnis poli
tikis mimarT: ras umzadebda daanonsebuli
didi cvlilebebis procesi danarCen msofli
os, apirebda Tu ara skkp, uari eTqva msofli
oSi komunizmis eqspansiis zurgis gamagreba
ze, moixsneboda Tu ara dasavleT evropisken
mimarTuli samxedro muqara, rogori perspeq
tiva hqonda ekonomikuri kavSirebis princi
pebis gadaxedvas?
daxuruli molaparakebebis dasasruls, diplo
matiuri reveransebis miuxedavad, mkafiod ga
moTqmul azrTa sxvadasxvaobidan Canda, rom
arsebiT cvlilebebamde jer kidev Sori iyo.
vizitis bolos, sabWoTa diplomatiuri etike
tis erTgvari tradiciiT, stumari Tbiliss
ewvia, sadac sabWoTa saqarTvelos kulturu
li RirsSesaniSnaobebis naCqarevi turi Ses
Tavazes - restavrirebuli Zveli Tbilisi
saxeldaxelod mowyobili Ria gamofeniT, xe
lovnebis muzeumi, axladgaxsnil ritualebis
sasaxleSi qorwinebis sapatio stumrobac ki,
Tumca am yvelafers mainc kontrolisa da
fasadurobis kvali gasdevda.
stumris dainteresebis obieqtis - gardaqm
nis gamo male Tbilisi arc Tu sasurvel
zonad iqca sapatio stumrebis gaseirnebisT
vis, radgan fasads miRma gadamalulma pro
cesebma sajaro sivrceSi gamoaRwies.
12 n o e m b e r i , 1 9 8 8
Tbilisis ipodromi
aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi mobezrebuli,
savaldebulo da mkacrad gawerili sazeimo
msvlelobebisa da mitingebis Semdeg TviTne
buri, saSiSi da spontanuri demonstraciebi,
romelic ukve krizisis zonaSi Sesuli sabWoTa
saxelmwifos moqalaqisTvis TviTgamoxatvi
sa da politikur procesSi monawileobis Seg
rZnebisken pirvel nabijsa da Tavisuflebis
droebiT simulacias warmoadgenda, Tav
isTavad dramaturgiasa da racionalur gaTv
lebs moklebuli iyo.
Tumca, krizisis gamwvavebis pirdapirpropor
ciulad mitingebis sixSirisa da ricxovnobis
zrdasTan erTad droTa ganmavlobaSi Camoy
alibebuli sabaziso scenarebis, tradiciebis,
marSrutebisa da samitingo sivrceebis ruka
dResac praqtikaSi moqmedi meqanizmi da Tval
Sisacemi simptomia postsabWoTa sazogadoebis
fsiqologiis Sesafaseblad.
am tradiciis formaluri dasawyisi drois dis
tanciidan sakmaod ucnauri Sinaarsis pirveli
didi demonstracia iyo - SeiZleba iTqvas yve
la politikuri Tu politikis gareSe mimar
Tulebis da sxvadasxva sababiT ukmayofiloTa
Sekreba, rac sakuTari mravalricxovnebis Cven
ebiT, cota ar iyos, Zalebis mosinjvasac hga
vda; aq erTmaneTis gverdiT iseTi lozungebi
iyo gamofenili, romlis momxreebi, wesiT, erT
sivrceSi ver unda moTavsebuliyvnen - erTi mx
riv Sekrebebisa da manifestaciebis SemzRuda
vi axali kanonis Secvlis moTxovnis gverdiT
studentebis jgufi xudonis hesis mSeneblo
bas aprotestebda, meore jgufs religiuri
simboloebi gamoefina, viRac ki ukiduresad
nacionalisturi Sinaarsis transparantebiT
iyo mosuli.
1988 weli
respublikis moedani
diskusiis moTxovnileba, kultura da sivrce,
mxolod amjerad politikuri SinaarsiT dat
virTuli da farTo sazogadoebrivi monawil
eobiT, SedarebiT axali xili iyo aqamde Ria
msjelobisTvis Caketil cxovrebas naCvevi
moqalaqeebisaTvis - sajaro leqciebi, dam
fuZnebeli yrilobebi, politikuri program
is wardgena-ganxilvebi krizisul xanaSi, qu
Cis demonstraciebis msgavsad, Cveulebrivi
da xSiri movlena iyo, zogjer ki maT Soris
zRvari ikargeboda, ramdenadac radikalurad
momarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis, romelic mx
olod sakuTari gamocdilebiT axlaRa iwyebda
imis swavlas, Tu ra pasuxismgeblobas moicav
da TiToeuli moqalaqisTvis individualurad
da saziarod gadawyvetilebis miReba da poli
tikur procesSi CarTva, sasiamovno mosasmeni
ufro populisturi da gabeduli winadade
bebi da samoqmedo gegmebi iyo, vidre safrTxis
da uaryofiTi scenaris warmodgena da amisT
vis Tadarigis daWera;
masis mxardaWeris, marTvis da riskze pasux
ismgeblobis dilema bevrisTvis Znelad ga
dasalaxi aRmoCnda; calkeuli moazrovneebis,
maT Soris merab mamardaSvilis, mcdelobebi
sazogadoebriv procesebSi, politikur dRis
wesrigSi pasuxismgeblobis da racionalobis
aqcentebi gamokveTiliyo, sakmarisi ar aR
moCnda cvlilebebisTvis da metic, maTive per
sonebis demonizaciiT dasrulda.
9 aprili, 1989 weli
m Ta v r o b i s s a s a x l e,
S o Ta r u s T v e l i s p r o s p e q t i
9 aprilis movlenebis Semdeg - standartu
li fraza, romelsac xSirad iyenebdnen saku
Tar cxovrebaSi momxdari cvlilebis saniSnad
avtobiografiasa Tu Ta vis marTlebismagvar
gancxadebebSi - mTeli TaobisTvis marTlac wy
algamyofad iqca; travmis simZimis gamo, rode
sac 1921 wlis 25 Tebervlisa da 1956 wlis 9
martis Semdeg mesamed dainaxa qalaqma mis Sig
niT ucxo jariskaci, rogorc moZalade, sabWo
Ta reJimis mier civsisxliani angariSsworebis
faqtis ignorirebis mcdelobis winaaRmdeg
msxverplis realurobis da simZimis warmosa
Cenad Zalisxmevis mobilizebam myarad Casva
Cvens koleqtiur mexsierebaSi uxarisxo vid
eoze gadaRebuli kadrebi da mesangris niCabi,
romelic momdevno Taobebsac travmad daawva.
emociis miRma ki tragediis mizezsa da Sedegeb
ze yovelgvari msjeloba arapopularul Temad
aqcia; dResac 9 aprilis dilasa da momdevno
dReebs xSirad ixseneben rogorc sazogadoe
bis erTsulovnebisa da solidarobis mkafio
SegrZnebis naTel mogonebas, romelic momdev
no wlebSi ukvalod gaqra, Tumca kiTxva - iyo
Tu ara 9 aprilis tragedia logikuri jaWvis
nawili im momdevno movlenebisa, romlis gax
senebac ar gvsurs, didad aravis aRelvebs;
tragediis adgili, romelic bedis ironiiT ma
namdec tragediasTan (1921 wels Tbilisis dac
visas daRupuli jariskacebis saZmo sasaflaos
adgili) asocirdeboda, magram es sayovelTa
od saniSni ar iyo, 1989 wlidan yovel 9 aprils
mexsierebis adgilad gadaiqceva xolme, Tumca
mxolod emociis da isic im emociis, romelic
9 aprilis sazRvars ar scildeba.
28 a g v i s to , 1 9 9 0
leninis moedani
1989 wlidan Zeglebsa da komunistur simbo
loebs mZime dro daudgaT - dabal Robed iqca
dagrovili siZulvilis gamoxatvisTvis. saRe
bavis srola da dazianebis mcdeloba gaxSirda,
gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT ki sergo orjoni
kiZisa da leninis gamosaxulebebi sargeblobd
nen; paralelurad ukve cenzuramoSlil pre
saSi Tavisuflad ibeWdeboda dokumentebi da
ganmartebebi, romlebic proletariatis didi
beladis saTuTad naSeneb imijs safuZvels
aclida. xulignebisgan beladebis Zeglebis
dacva morig tvirTad daawva milicias, Tumca
ucnobebi imdenad gaTavxeddnen, rom leninis
moedanze Zeglis TviTneburad Camogdebac ki
scades.
1990 wlis 27 agvistos saRamodan moedanze
Sekrebili moseireebis aqtiuri CareviT saRe
bavebiT mosvrili Zeglis amwiT moxsna scades,
Semdeg ki ubralod moangries. meore dRes
Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos Tavmjdomaris -
niko lekiSvilis ganmartebiT, gairkva, rom
leninis Zeglis moednidan gadatana Tavad
sabWos prezidiumma CaTvala saWirod, radgan
mis dacvaze didi resursi ixarjeboda; qalaqSi
erTi pirovnebis amdeni Zeglic ar iyo saWiro,
Tan konkretulad es qandakeba moqalaqeebisT
vis 1956 wlis 9 martis movlenebTan asocir
deboda da agresias aZlierebda. lekiSvilma
lamis madloba gadauxada im uamrav xalxs, rom
lebic aRmaskomis samsaxurs Zeglis demontaJ
Si daexmara; misive ganmartebiT, male moedani
gaiwmindeboda da samomavlo iersaxis SesarCev
ad konkursic gamocxaddeboda.
proeqti ganxorcielda hainrih biolis fondis
samxreT kavkasiis regionuli biuros mxardaWe
riT da misi mizania, waxalisdes diskusia Temaze
rogor SevinarCunoT mexsiereba Cveni uaxlesi
istoriis Sesaxeb da gavacnobieroT rogor da ra
tom icvleba sivrce, sadac esa Tu is mniSvnelo
vani istoriuli movlenebi viTardebodnen.

proeqtze muSaobdnen: irakli xvadagiani, da

viT kopaliani, nano zazanaSvili, levan goguaZe,
Tornike mamacaSvili, ia Radua
dizaini: magda cocxalaSvili
konsultanti: guram wibaxaSvili
fotografi: sandro xuciSvili
gansakuTrebuli madloba: levan kalandari
Svils, aleqsandre saraliZes, nestan CxikvaZes,
giorgi giu taSvils, cira elisaSvils, vaxtang
miqelaZes, nana Sengelaias, qeTevan sadagiSvils,
nino satkoevas