EVALUATIONS OF SILENCERS

Ing. Miroslav Kuera, Ph.D.

 Introduction

New buildings are equipped with air conditioning systems which

require large sections for distribution ducts with built-in
silencers.
At present this creates great pressure on a minimization of the
overall size of silencers in ducts.
The present paper deals with mutual relations between acoustic
requirements on silencers and determination of their hydraulic
resistances.
In conclusion the paper presents a concept of the evaluation of
silencers by means of a so-called quality factor which
essentially covers both their acoustic and hydraulic properties.
Types of Silencers
Types of Silencers
 Silencers requirements

Acoustic requirements,

The aerodynamic requirement,

The geometric requirement,

The requirement of the resilience of the environment,

Question of silencer maintenance,

The price requirement.

 Absorption silencers

l y/2
h
wB

ly
wA

h
ly
h
l y/2
SB
SA lx

An absorption silencer with lined walls Scheme for an absorption baffle-type silencer
without leading and trailing metal

For example where the dimension lz is markedly larger than the gap between the
absorption baffle-type silencers ly, The noise attenuation is given by the relation:

D = 2,2 lx Where is the absorption coefficient
ly
 1,2

0,8
[-]

0,6
Frequency development for the absorption
0,4
variable of ISOVER SSP2 material
h = 20 mm
30 mm
0,2 40 mm
50 mm
0
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000
f [Hz]

6000

100 / 200
5000 200 / 200
300 / 200
D1.ly [dB.mm/m]

4000 50 / 100
100 / 100

3000
200 / 100
Insertion loss for a silencer of length 1 m and
2000 various built in dimensions for the parameters ly/h,
1000
correlated to the gap width ly
0
63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
f [Hz]
 Optimalization of the Silencers
The overall attenuation in a certain octave band can be expressed as a function
of a silencers specific attenuation D1 (dB/m) and the silencer length lx (m)

D = D1 l x

The silencers maximum permissible hydraulic resistance pmax [Pa] is

w A2 V2
p max = 1l x = 1l x 2
2 SA 2

Through a breakdown of problems we arrive at the finding that the quality of

the silencer for the given frequency range can be ascertained according to the
value of parameter K, which can be called the silencer quality factor
D1 D
K= =
1
 Breakdown of the Preassure Drops

The overall real attenuation of a baffle-type silencer can be expressed as the

sum of the reflection attenuation Dreflex and the absorption attenuation Dabsp,
which is a function of the silencer length

D = Dreflex + D1absp l x

The overall coefficient of the silencers local pressure drop can be determined as
the sum of the local pressure drops m and the effect of pressure drops through
friction.
l
= m + x
d ekv wB

wA

Baffle-type silencer with leading-edge metal

SB
SA lx
 2,5 1
2
2
3

1,5 1 bez
2 bez
1 3 bez
c

0,5

0
1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

S A/S B (-)

Overall coefficient of the pressure drop for baffle-type silencers

 Comparison of the Silencers

l y/2
h
wB

ly
wA

h
ly
h
l y/2
SB
SA lx

frequence 63 125 250 500

wB

200/100 1.36 1.67 2.36 3.47 wA

200/100 1.59 1.95 2.76 4.06

M200/40 1.754 2.11 3.093 3.604

SB
SA lx

400 x 500
200
560 560

2000
 References

[1]| Nov R., Noise and Vibration (In Czech). (CTU Publishing
House, Prague, 2000).

[2] Nmec J., Ransdorf J., ndrle M., Noise and its Reduction in
Engineering Practice (In Czech). (SNTL, Prague, 1972).

[3] Cremer L., Hechl M., Krperschall Physikalishe Grundlagen

und Technische Anvendungen. (Springer Verlag, 1967).