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Introduction to Water
Influx
Classification of Water
Influx
1
Introduction To Water Influx
2
CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
Introduction to Water
Influx
Degree of Pressure
Classification of Water Maintenance
Influx
Outer Boundary
Condition
Water Influx Models
Flow Regimes
Flow Geometries
3
Degree of Pressure Maintenance
4
Outer Boundary Condition
Infinite System
The effect of the pressure changes at the
aquifer can never be felt at the outer
boundary. This boundary is for all intents and
purposes at a constant pressure equal to initial
reservoir pressure.
Finite System
The aquifer outer limit is affected by the influx
into the oil zone and that the pressure at this
outer limit changes with time
5
FLOW REGIMES
Steady State
Semisteady/Pseudosteady State
Unsteady State
6
FLOW GEOMETRIES
7
CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
Pseudosteady
State Model
8
Pot Aquifer Model
9
Pot Aquifer Model (Contd)
11
MATERIAL BALANCE MODEL
Assumption :
a. Aquifer respons instantaneous to pressure changing
at reservoir
b. Time independent
12
STEADY STATE MODEL
Schiltuiss Model
Steady
State Model
Hursts Modified
Model
13
Schiltuiss Model
Pi is assumed constant
dWe
k ' ( pi p )
dt
*k is a water influx constant
t
We k ' ( pi p )dt
0
14
Schiltuiss Model (contd)
If 0.00708kh
k' STB / day / psi
Bw ln( r ) 360
re
o
15
Hursts Modified Model
Simplified form:
( )
= =
ln()
In terms of We
= 0 ln()
or = ln()
a and C are two unknowns contant, must
determined from reservoir-aquifer pressure and
water influx historical data. To determine is
based on simplified form as a linear relationship.
1 1 1
= ln() or = ln + ln
17
Hursts Modified Model (contd)
Ln (t)
(Pi P)/ew
Van Everdingen-
Hursts Model
Edge Water Carter-Tracys
Drive Model
Bottom Water
Drive
19
Van Everdingen-Hurst Model
21
Van Everdingen-hurst Model (contd)
q
Solution : qD ( t D )
2 k h p
tD
dt t ct rR 2
qD ( t D ) dt D q dt (
W eD Dt ) We
0 dt D 2 k h p 0 k 2 k h p
22
Van Everdingen-hurst Model (contd)
We BpWeD rR
Water
with
influx
Reservoir
B= 1.119 ct re2 h f
Aquifer
n1
B p j Q( t Dn t Dj )
j0
n 1 kt
We B p j Q A( t n t j ) tD
c t rR2
At
j0
0.006327 k 0.0002637 k
A A
c t rR2 c t rR2
25
Van Everdingen-hurst Model (contd)
Bottom Water Drive
Van Everdingen-Hurst is not adequate to describe the
vertical water encroachment in bottom-water-drive system
Coats(1962) modified the diffusivity equation to account
for the vertical flow by including an additional term in the
equation
2p 1 p 2p Ct p
Fk WOC
2 r r 2 0.0002637 k t
r z Oil
Fk = kv Oil
kh Water Water
Kv = vertical permeability
Kh = horizontal permeability Bottom water drive radial flow
26
Van Everdingen-hurst Model (contd)
27
Van Everdingen-Hursts Model (Contd)
Solution WeD in tabulated forms
The Water influx is
then given by :
We BpWeD
with
B= 1.119 ct re2 h f
Carter-Tracys Model
29
Carter-Tracys Model (contd)
rate
q1
q2
q3
q0
t0 t1 t2 t3 time
Constant Rate Graph for Carter-Tracy
30
Carter-Tracys Model (contd)
To simplified :
1
= +1 +
=0
Or
1 1
= +1 + + +1 +
=0 =
= + +1 +
=
32
Carter-Tracys Model (contd)
34
Carter-Tracys Model (contd)
Determine the PD
For infinite acting aquifer, Edwardson et al
370.529 + 137.582 + 5.69549 1.5
=
328.834 + 265.488 + 1.5
=
Where
= 716.441 + 46.7984 0.5 + 270.038
+ 71.0098 1.5
= 1296.86 0.5 + 1204.73 + 618.618 1.5
+ 538.072 2 + 142.41 2.5
35
Carter-Tracys Model (contd)
36
PSEUDOSTEADY STATE MODEL
Fetkovichs Model
Fetkovich (1971) develop a method of describing the
approximate water influx behaviour of a finite aquifer
for radial and linear geometries.
This method does not require the use of
superposition.
Based on the premise that the productivity index
concept will adequately describe water influx from a
finite aquifer into a hydrocarbon reservoir.
This method neglects the effect of any transient
priod
37
Fetkocivhs Model (contd)
re
Water
influx
rR
Reservoir
Aquifer
Finite aquifer but
big enaough re > 3
x rR
38
Fetkocivhs Model (contd)
40
Fetkocivhs Model (contd)
t = 0 We = 0 ; = at =
= +
C is evaluated in intial condition as = 1 =
=
Subtituting inflow equation
=
= 1
41
Fetkocivhs Model (contd)
Where :
42