Sheet 1

1. Define Fluid Power.

2. What is the difference between the terms Fluid Power, Hydraulics
and Pneumatics?
3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Fluid Power.
4. Differentiate between Fluid Transport and Fluid Power System.
5. Name the six basic components required in hydraulic circuit and
their functions.
6. List five applications of fluid power in automotive industry.
7. Explain one application of fluid power with details.
8. What is the difference between viscosity and viscosity index.
9. A liter of SAE 30 oil weighs 8.70 N. Calculate the oil's
a. Specific weight ()
b. Density ()
c. Specific gravity (SG)
10. Convert a -2kPa pressure to an absolute pressure in kPa .
11.A 30m- long pipe is inclined at a 30 angle with the horizontal. It's
filled with oil of specific gravity 0.9. What is the pressure at the
base of the pipe if the top of the pipe vented to the atmosphere?

12.The inlet to a hydraulic pump is 0.6 m below the top surface of the
oil reservoir. If the specific gravity of the oil used is 0.86 determine
the static pressure at the pump inlet.
13.A pipe handles a flow rate of 0.002 m3/s. Find the minimum inside
diameter that will provide an average fluid velocity not to exceed
6.1 m/s.
14.Calculate the pipe bores required for the suction and pressure lines
of a pump delivering 40 l/min using a maximum flow velocity in
the suction line of 1.2 m/s and a maximum flow velocity in the
pressure line of 3.5 m/s.
15.The load on a 20 cm - diameter hydraulic cylinder increases from
10 N to 15N. due to the compressibility of the oil, the piston
retracts 0.1 cm. If the volume of oil under compression is 100 cm 3,
what is bulk modulus of the oil?

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16.A 5 N force moves a piston inside a cylinder at a velocity of 10
cm/s, as shown in the figure 1. The 4 cm diameter piston is
centrally located in the 4.04 cm. inside-diameter cylinder. An oil
film separates the piston from the cylinder. Find the absolute
viscosity of the oil

Figure 1 piston in cylinder

17. In Figure 2 shown a pneumatic/hydraulic system used to lift a

load. If the inlet air pressure is 500 kPa, determine the maximum
load that can be lifted.

Figure 2 pneumatic/hydraulic system

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18. 3 MW wind turbine as shown in figure 3, hydraulic Fluid: ISO 46,
= 46 x10-6 m2 /s , = 870 kg/m3 Pipe: 100 m long, 20 cm diameter,
perfectly smooth Turbine output pressure = 35 MPa
Determine the flow rate and average fluid velocity.
1- Calculate the Reynolds number.
2- Is the flow laminar or turbulent?
3- Find the friction factor.
4- Calculate the viscous pressure drop.
5- How does this compare to the pressure difference
due to gravity

Figure 3 wind turbine hydraulic system

19.The oil tank for the hydraulic system of Figure 4 is air-pressurized

at 68.97 kPa gage pressure. Pump flow is 0.001896 rn3/s. The inlet
line to the pump is 3.048 m below the Oil level. pipe has a 0.0381-
m inside diameter.
find the pressure at station 2 if
a. There is no head loss between stations 1 and 2
b. There is a 7.622 m head loss between stations 1 and 2

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 Figure 4 air pressurized hydraulic system

20. For the hydraulic system of figure 5 shown are given:

The pump is adding 5 hp (3730 W) to the fluid.

Pump flow is 0.001896 m3/s.
The pipe has a 0.0254-m inside diameter. Note that this size can
also be represented in units of centimeters or millimeters as 2.54
cm or 25.4 mm, respectively.
The specific gravity of the oil is 0.9
The elevation difference between stations 1 and 2 is 6.096 m.

Find the pressure available at the inlet to the hydraulic motor (station
2) The pressure at station 1 in the hydraulic tank is atmospheric (0 Pa
or 0 N/m2 gage), The head loss HL, due to friction between stations 1
and 2 is 9.144 m of oil.

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 0.0254 m

6.096 m

Figure 5 hydraulic system

21.For the hydraulic system of Figure 6 are given:

The pump is adding 5 hp (3730 W) to the fluid.

Pump flow is 0.001896 m3/s.
The pipe has a 0.0254-m inside diameter.
The specific gravity of oil is 0.9.
The kinematic viscosity of oil is 100 cS.
The elevation difference between stations 1 and 2 is 6.096 m.
Pipe lengths arc as follows: 1-ft length = 0.305 m, 4-ft length =
1.22 m, and16-ft length = 4.88 m.

Find the pressure available at the inlet to the hydraulic motor (station 2).
The pressure at the oil top surface level in the hydraulic tank is
atmospheric (0 Pa gage).The head loss HL due to friction between
stations 1 and 2 is not given.

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 0.0254 m

0.0254 m
6.096 m

Figure 6 hydraulic system with hydraulic motor

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