Tutorial Sheet 1 (S

Semester-III, Mechan
nical)

Worrk and Heat

Q.1. A spherical balloon of 1m diamete er contains a gas at 150 kPa thee gas inside
e the
balloon is heated
h until the presssure reachees 450 kPa. During the processs of
heating the pressure of
o the gas innside the balloon
b is proportional
p to the cub
be of
he diamete
th er of the balloon. Dettermine the e work don ne by the gas inside e the
balloon. (Ans. =314 KJ)

Q.2. Consider the

C e system shhown in the
e figure. Th
he initial vollume inside
e the cylinder is
0.1 m3. At this state the
t pressure inside iss 100 kPa,, which jus st balancess the
atmosphericc pressure outside plu us the pisto
on weight; tthe spring is touching g but
exerts no fo orce on the
e piston att this state. The gass is now heated untill the
olume is doubled.
vo d Th
he final pre
essure of tthe gas is 300 kPa and a during the
process the spring force is propo ortional to the
t displaccement of the
t piston ffrom
he initial po
th osition. Co
onsidering the
t gas insside as the e system, calculate w work
done by the gas. (Ans. = 20 KJ)

Q.3. A particular gas is mad de to underggo a processs in a cylin

nder-piston assembly. The
in
nitial conditions of the gas are: P1=1
P a V1 = 1 M3. The fin
MPa and nal volume is 2
3
M . Calculatte the work done by th he gas for the followingg processees: (a) Pressure
reemains con nstant, (b) the
t productt of pressurre and volu ume remain ns constant and
(cc) the presssure is prop
portional to the square
e of the voluume.
[(a) 1 MJ, (b) 0.693M
MJ, (c) 2.333MJ]

F
First law fo
or Closed System
S

Q.4. Calculate ch
C hange in intternal energ
gy, heat tra
ansferred aand change in enthalpyy for
0.5 kg air exxpanding according too the law pvv1.2 =c form
m 10 bar, 300
3 deg. C to 1
bar. What will
w be the w work done by air expa ansion? Assume Cp = 1.005 kJ//kg k
and Cv = 0.7 718kJ/kg K
K.
(E= K H=-91.857 KJ, W =131.16 KJ, Q=65.53
= -65.625 KJ, 3 KJ)
Q.5. During one cycle the working fluid in an engine engages in two work interactions:
15 kJ to the fluid and 44 kJ from the fluid, and three heat interactions, two of
which are known: 75 kJ to the fluid and 40 kJ from the fluid. Evaluate the
magnitude and direction of the third heat transfer from the fluid.
(Ans.= 6 KJ )

Q.6. When a system is taken form state a to state b, in the figure along path 'adb',
84 kJ of heat flow into the system, and the system does 32 kJ of work. (a) How
much will the heat flow into the system when it moves via path a-c-b, if the work
done is 10.5 kJ? (b) When the system is returned form b to a along the curved
path, the work done on the system is 21 kJ. Then how much heat is absorbed or
liberated? (c) if ua=0 and ud =42, find the heat absorbed in the processes a-d
and d-b.
[(a) 62.5 KJ, (b) -73 KJ, (c) 42 KJ, 42 KJ )

d b

a c

Q.7. A system receives 200 KJ of heat at constant volume process and rejects 220KJ
at constant pressure during which 40KJ of work is done on the system. The
system is brought to its original state by adiabatic process. Calculate the
adiabatic work. If the initial internal energy is 240 KJ, Calculate the internal
energy at all points. (W=20 KJ, U2= 440 KJ, U3=260 KJ)

Q.8. 1 kg of air at 1 bar and 300 K undergoes three processes - (a) it is compressed
adiabatically till its pressure becomes 5 times its initial pressure then (b) it is
expanded at constant pressure until its volume becomes equal to its initial value
and (c) finally it is cooled at constant volume to its initial temperature. Calculate
(i) heat transfer, (ii) work transfer and (iii) change in internal energy for each
process and for the complete cycle. Also represent the processes on P-V
diagram. Given that Cp=1.005 kJ/kg/K. (Ans: Wa= -125.6, Wb= 294, Wc= 0, Qa=
0, Qb=1032, Qc=-863, Ua=125.6, Ub= 737.4, Uc= -863, for complete cycle Q
= 169, W = 169 and U=0, all values are in kJ).

TS1-1st Law Page 2 of 3

Q.9. 1.5 kg of a gas follows a process, P = a + bv, where a and b are constants.
The initial and the final pressures for the process are 1000 kPa and 200 kPa and
the corresponding volumes are 0.20 m3 and 1.20 m3. The specific energy of the
system is given by the relation, u = 1.5 Pv 85 kJ/kg Where P is in kPa and
v is in m3/kg.

(a) If the expansion is quasi-static, calculate Q, U, and W for the

process.
(b) In another process for same initial and final states, if the heat transfer
is 30 kJ. Find the work transfer.
(c) Explain the difference in work transfer in parts (a) and (b)
Ans: (a) Q=660 KJ, U= 60 KJ, W= 600 KJ (b) W=-30 KJ

TS1-1st Law Page 3 of 3

 Engineering Thermodynamics (III Semester)
Tutorial Sheet 2
P.1. 1 kg. of air can be expanded between two states as it does 20 kJ of work and
receives 16 kJ of heat. A second kind of expansion can be found between the
same initial and final state which requires a heat input of only 9 kJ. What is the
change of internal energy in the first expansion and what is the work done by the
air in the second expansion. [-4 and 13 kJ]

P.2 A closed system receives 168.7 kJ of heat at constant volume. It then rejects 177
kJ of heat while it has 40kJ of work done on it at constant pressure. If an
adiabatic process can be found which will restore it to its initial state, how much
work will be done by the system during that process? If the value of the internal
energy in the initial state is arbitrarily put equal to zero find the internal energies
at the other two states. [31.7kJ, 168.7 and 31.7 kJ.]

P.3 1800 KJ of heat is transferred to 1 m3 of air at 14 bar and 200 0C. Find (a) the
final temperature and pressure if the volume remains constant and (b) the final
temperature and volume if the pressure remains constant. After which process
has the internal energy of the air the greater value?
When the air is then expanded isothermally to a pressure of 7bar, what is the final
volume in each case?
[(a) 445 0C, 21.3bar, 3.04 m3. (b) 3750 C, 1.37 m3, 2.74 m 3]

P.4 State the characteristics of (a) an isothermal and (b) an adiabatic expansion. A
bicycle pump, which has a stroke of 20cm, is used to force air into a tyre against a
pres-sure of 4 bar. What length of stroke will be swept through before air begins
to enter the tyre when the piston is pushed in (i) slowly and (ii) quick? Assume
that the atmospheric pressure is 1 bar. [15 and 12.57 cm.]

P.5 A certain mass of gas expanding reversibly at constant pressure does 5 kJ of

work. Calculate the quantity of heat, which must be transmitted to the gas, and
how much of this heat is used to raise the internal energy of the gas. Assume
only that the gas is perfect and that y=1.66. [12.58kJ, 7.58kJ.]

P.6 A closed system undergoes a cycle consisting of three processes. During the first
process, which is adiabatic, 50kJ of work is done on the system. During the
second process, 200kJ of heat is transferred to the system while no work
interaction takes place. And during the third process, the system does 90kJ of
work as it returns to its initial state.
(a) Determine the heat transfer during the last process.
(b) Determine the network done during this cycle. [ -160 KJ, 40 KJ]

P.7 A frictionless piston-cylinder device initially contains air at 200 kPa and 0.2 m3. At
this state, a linear spring (F x) is touching the piston but exerts no force on it.
The air is now heated to final state of 0.5 m3 and 800 kPa.

- by Nirupam Rohatgi Tutorial Sheet No. 2 page 1 of 3.

 Determine
D (a
a) the total work done
byy the air an
nd (b) the work
w done
aggainst the spring.
s Also
o show the
prrocess on a P-V diagram. Refer
gure given on right sid
fig de.

Ans. [(a) 150 kJ

J, (b) 90 kJ]]

P.8 A spherical balloon co ontains 5 kg of air aat 200 kPa a and 500 0K. The ba alloon
material
m is such
s that th
he pressure
e inside is always prooportional tto the squaare of
th
he diameterr. Determin ne the work
k done whe en the volume of the balloon dou ubles
as
s a result of heat trans
sfer. [936 kJJ]

P.9 A piston-cylinder device

e contains helium
h gas initially at 150 kPa, 20 oC and 0.5m3.
The helium is compres ssed in a po
olytropic prrocess ( ) to 400
0 kPa
nd 140 0C. Determine the heat transfer for tthis processs.
an [-11.0 kJ]

P.10 A piston-cylinder device e contains 0.5 m3 of h

helium gas initially at 1
100 kPa an nd 25
0
C.
C At this po
osition, a linear spring
g is touchin
ng the piston but exertts no force on it.
Heat is now w transferred d to helium
m until both
h the pressure and the volume ttriple.
Determine
D (a
a) the workk done and (b) the amount of hea at transfer ffor this proccess.
Also
A show th he process on a P-V diagram. [(a) 200kJ, (b) 801.4 kkJ]

P.11 A rigid tank which

w acts as a perfec
ct heat insu
ulator and w
which has a negligible heat
caapacity is divided intto two une equal partss A and B by a partition. Diffferent
ammounts of the same ideal gas are a contain ned in the ttwo parts o
of the tank.. The
in
nitial conditiions of tem
mperature T,
T pressure P, and tota al volume V are knowwn for
bo o the tank as shown in figure. Find expre
oth parts of essions for the equilib
brium
te
emperature T and pressurep P
re
eached aftter remov val of the e
paartition. Assume tha at Cv the e
molar
m capa
acity of th he gas is s
coonstant and d that the process is s
addiabatic.
P.12 A rigid cylindder contain ns a floatin
ng piston, free to mo ove within th
he cylinderr with
ou
ut friction. Initially, it divides the cylinder
c in ttwo equal h
halves and on each side of
he piston the cylinder holds
th h I Kmool of the sam me ideal ga
as at 278 K and 100 kPa

- by Nirup
pam Rohatgi Tutorrial Sheet No
o. 2 page 2 of 3
3.
 An
A electrica al resistanc
ce heater is Referr figure give
en below.
nstalled on side A of the cylinde
in er
ass shown in n the figurre, and it is
ennergized so s as to cause th he
te
emperature in part A to ris se
sllowly to 4455K. If the tank
t and th
he
piiston are perfect
p heaat insulatorrs
annd are of negligible
n heeat capacity,
caalculate the
e amount off heat addeed
to
o the system by the resistor.
r Th
he
molar
m heat capacities of the ga as
arre constantt and Cv=12 2.56 J/mol K [Ans. = 256
62kJ]
annd Cp = 20..88 J/mol K.
K

P.13 Figure dep picts two reversiblee

prrocesses undergone e by one e
mole
m of an ideal gas. Curves Ta
an
nd Tb are isotherms, paths 23 3
an
nd 56 are isobars and paths 31
an
nd 64 are e isochors (paths off
co
onstant vo olume) shoow that W
an
nd Q are same for folllowing pairr
off processess: 12 & 45, 23 3
& 56 and 313 & 644.

P.14 An
A automob bile tire is inflated to 270
2 kPa a t the begin
nning of a trip. After three
hoours of higgh-speed driving pres ssure in tyrre reaches to 300 kP Pa. What iss the
in
nternal energy change e of the airr in the tire
e between pressure m measureme ents?
Assume
A thatt air is an ideal gas with
w a consstant heat ccapacity Cv=20.88J/m mol, K
annd that the internal volume of thee tyre remaiins constannt at 57 dm3.
[U=42 295 J]

P.15 A perfectly innsulated rig

gid containe
er of total vo
olume V is divided into
o two partss by a
paartition of negligible
n volume.
v On
ne side of the partitio
on containss n moles o of an
id
deal gas wiith constan nt heat capacities at ttemperaturee Ty and th he other side is
evvacuated. If the partiition is brooken, calcu ulate Q, W, and U ffor the enssuing
prrocess, and d calculate final tempe
erature and pressure Tf and Pf of the gas.
[Q=0, W==0, U=0,Ti=Tf, Pf= nRRTi/V]

- by Nirup
pam Rohatgi Tutorrial Sheet No
o. 2 page 3 of 3
3.
 Engineering Thermodynamics (III Semester)
Tutorial Sheet 3a Steady Flow Systems

Q. 1. Air flows steadily at the rate of 0.5 kg/s through an air compressor. Its velocity,
pressure and specific volume at the inlet are 7 m/s, 100 kPa and 0.95 m3/kg
respectively. At the exit its velocity, pressure and specific volume are 5 m/s, 700 kPa
and 0.19 m3/kg respectively. The internal energy of the air at exit is 90 kJ/kg greater
than that at inlet. Cooling water in the compressor jackets absorbs heat from the air at
the rate of 58 kW.
a) Compute the shaft power input to the air and,
b) The ratio of inlet pipe diameter to outlet pipe diameter.
Ans. (a) -122W (b) 1.89
Q. 2. In a steady flow process 135 kJ of work is done by the system per kg of fluid flowing
through the apparatus. The specific volume, pressure and velocity of the fluid at the
inlet are 0.37 m3/kg, 600 kPa and 16 m/s respectively. Inlet is 32 m above the outlet.
The specific volume, pressure and velocity of the fluid at the outlet are 0.62 m3/kg, 100
kPa and 270 m/s respectively. If the heat lost to the surrounding is 9 kJ/kg of fluid flow,
calculate the change in specific internal energy of the fluid flowing through the
apparatus. Ans. (U= -20.01 KJ)

Q. 3. In steam power station, steam flows steadily through a 0.2 m diameter pipeline from the
boiler to the turbine. At the boiler end, state of steam is 4 MPa, 400 OC, h=3213.6 kJ/kg
and v=0.073 m3/kg. At the turbine end, the state of steam is: 3.5 MPa, 392 OC,
h=3202.6 kJ/kg and v=0.084 m3/kg. 8.5 kJ/kg of heat is lost as the steam flows through
the pipeline. Calculate the flow rate of steam. Ans. 53.45 Kg/s
Q. 4. A water heater operating under steady flow condition receives 4.2 kg/s of water at 75
O
C and enthalpy of 313.93 kJ/kg. The water is heated by mixing it with steam at 100 OC
having enthalpy of 2676 kJ/kg. The mixture leaves the heater as water at 100 OC and
enthalpy of 419 kJ/kg. Both the fluids are at atmospheric pressure. How much steam
must be supplied to the heater per hour? Ans. 0.196 Kg/s
Q. 5. Air at 15 OC enters a heat exchanger at a velocity of 30 m/s where its temperature is
raised to 800 OC. It then enters a turbine with same velocity and expands until 650 OC.
On leaving the turbine, the air enters a nozzle at a velocity of 60 m/s, where it expands
until its temperature falls to 500 OC. If the air flow rate is 2 kg/s. Assuming adiabatic
flow through turbine and nozzle and CP (air) = 1.005 kJ/kg K, calculate:
a) Rate of heat transfer to the air in the heat exchanger,
b) Power output from the turbine and
c) The velocity at the exit of the nozzle.
Ans. (a)1580 KJ/s, (b) 298.8 KW, (c) 554 m/s
Q. 6. A turbojet engine in cruising a speed of 270 m/s. Ambient air at 15 OC has enthalpy =
260 kJ/kg. Gas temperature and enthalpy at nozzle exit are 600 OC and 912 kJ/kg
respectively. Fuel-air ratio is 0.019 and calorific value of the fuel is 44.5 MJ/kg.
Assuming 5 % incomplete combustion and heat loss from the engine = 21 kJ/kg of air.
Calculate the velocity of the exhaust jet. Ans. (541.41 m/s)

- By Nirupam Rohatgi Tutorial Sheet No. 3a page 1 of 2.

 Engineering Thermodynamics (III Semester)
Tutorial Sheet 3b
(Steady Flow and Non-Steady Flow)

Q.1. A nozzle is a device for increasing the velocity of a steadily flowing stream. At the inlet
to a nozzle enthalpy of the fluid is 3000 kJ/kg and the velocity is 60 m/s. At the
discharge end, the enthalpy is 2762 kJ/kg. The nozzle is horizontal and there is
negligible heat loss from it.
a) Find the velocity at nozzle exit.
b) If the inlet area is 0.1 m2 and the specific volume at inlet is 0.187 m3/kg, find the
mass flow rate.
c) If the specific volume at the nozzle exit is 0.498 m3/kg, find the exit area of the
nozzle.
Ans. (692.5 m/s, 32.08 kg/s, 0.023m2)

Q.2. Air at 100 kPa and 20 OC enters a gas turbine power plant at a velocity of 140 m/s
through an opening of 0.15 m2. The air is compressed, heated, expanded through a
turbine and then exhausted at 180 kPa and 150 OC through an opening of 0.10 m2. The
power output from Power Plant is 375 kW. Calculate the net amount of heat added to
the air in kJ/kg. Assume that Cp of air =1.005 kJ/ kg. Ans. (3750.25 kW)

Q.3. The steam supply to an engine comprises of two streams, which mix before entering
the engine. One stream is supplied at the rate of 0.01 kg/s with an enthalpy of 2952
kJ/kg and a velocity of 20 m/s. The other stream is supplied at the rate of 0.1 kg/s with
an enthalpy of 2569 kJ/kg and a velocity of 120 m/s. At the exit from the engine the
fluid leaves as two streams. One of the streams at the exit is of water at the rate of 0.01
kg/s with an enthalpy of 420 kJ/kg. The fluid velocities at the engine exit are negligible.
The engine develops a shaft power of 25 kW. The heat transfer is negligible. Evaluate
the enthalpy of the second stream at the exit. Ans. (2579 kJ/kg)

Q.4. Steam at a pressure of 2 MPa and 500 OC is flowing in a pipe. An evacuated tank is
connected to the pipe through a valve. The valve is opened until the pressure reaches
2 MPa inside the tank. The process takes place adiabatically. Ignore the change in the
kinetic energy and the potential energy. Determine the temperature of the steam in the
tank after the valve has been closed. Ans. (698.12 OC)

Q.5. An ideal gas (CP=7R/2 and CV= 5R/2) is flowing in a pipeline at 1.0 MPa and 600 K. An
insulated tank containing a piston and spring is connected to the line as shown in the
figure. Initially the tank is empty and the spring is in its natural position and exerts no
force on the piston. When the valve is opened, the gas enters the tank. The force
exerted by the spring is proportional to the distance moved. Determine the temperature
the gas inside the tank when the pressure reaches a value of 1.0 MPa.
Ans. (700 K)

- By Nirupam Rohatgi Tutorial Sheet No. 3b page 1

 Engineering Thermodynamics (III Semester)
Tutorial Sheet 4 (Second Law of Thermodynamics)

P.1 There are three reservoirs at temperatures Ta, Tb and Tc. If a Carnot engine were to
operate between only two reservoirs, which reservoirs would you select to obtain
maximum efficiency? What will be the efficiency of such an engine? Given that Ta =
500 OC, Tb = 300 OC, Tc = 0 OC. ) Ans. (64.68%)
P.2 An inventor claims, that he has developed an engine, which operates between two
reservoirs at 300 K & 540 K respectively and produces 450 J of work for 1000 J of heat
extracted from the hot reservoir. Verify his claim. Ans. Not possible
P.3 Calculate minimum work required to produce 5 kg of Ice at 273.15 K from a reservoir
containing water at 273.15 K. The temperature of 2nd reservoir available is 298 K.
Latent heat of water (L) is 338.7 kJ/kg at 273.15 K. Ans. Wmin = 154 kJ
P.4 2 kg of water at 363 K is mixed adiabatically at constant pressure with 3 kg of water at
283 K. Find S for this process. Cp = 4184 J/ kg K. Ans. 157.8 J/ kg/ K
P.5 Temperature of one mole of an ideal gas is increased from T1 to T2, (a) Find (S) if the
process is isobaric and (b) Find (S) if the process is isochoric.
1 2
400K
P.6 A reversible process is shown on T-
S diagram. Find heat transfer for
process T
a) 1 to 2
b) 2 to 3 100 K
3
c) 3 to 1
Ans. a)1600 J; b) - 1000 J; c) 0 J
J/K
2 S 6
P.7 A perfectly insulated cylinder of volume V contains 1 k-mole of a diatomic ideal gas in
one half of its volume at 288 K, 200 kPa. In process A gas expands to double its
volume when Fext = 0. In process B gas is compressed back slowly to its original
volume = V. Find:
a) T at end of process A,
b) T at end of process B
c) P at end of process B V/2
V/2 Fext
d) Work Done by Fext on gas in
process B
e) S for process A and B.
Ans. (a) 288 K (b) 380 K (c) 264 KPa (d) 1921 kJ (e) S1 = 5767 J/K, S2 = 0
P.8 1 mole of ideal gas (Cv = 25.12 J/mol K & Cp = 33.44 J/mol K), expands adiabatically
from 340 K & 500 kPa to double its original volume. Find final temperature, Work done
by the system & S for a) reversible expansion, b) free expansion.
Ans. (T2 = 270.3 K, 340 K; Work= 1751 J, 0; S= 0, 5.7628 J/K )
Nirupam Rohatgi Pg.-1.
 Engineering Thermodynamics - Tutorial Sheet 5
Second Law of Thermodynamics

P.1. 10 kg of water is heated from 25 OC to 75 OC, drawing heat from a source at 200 OC. Find the
change in entropy of Water, Source and the Universe. (Ans. 1.551, -1.057, 0.494 Kcal/K)

P.2. A block of copper weighing 5 kg at 100 OC and another block of Iron weighing 10 kg at 200
O
C are enclosed in an insulated cavity. The two blocks exchange heat with each other and
nothing else. Find the change in entropy of the Universe after they have attained thermal
equilibrium. (Specific heats of Copper and Iron are 0.386, 0.450 kJ/(kg K). Ans. (0.0371 KJ/K)

P.3. A Carnot heat engine receives heat from a reservoir at 750 K and rejects the waste heat to
another reservoir at 300 K. The entire work output of the heat engine is used to drive a
Carnot refrigerator, which removes heat from a cold space at -15 OC at the rate of 400 kJ/min
and rejects it to the reservoir at 300 K. Determine rate of heat supplied to the heat engine and
rate of heat rejected to the reservoir at 300 K. Ans. (a.) 1.81 KJ/s, (b.) 8.48 KJ/s

P.4. A frictionless piston cylinder device contains mixture of water and its vapour (system) at 100
O
C. The atmospheres (surroundings) temperature is 25 OC. During the isobaric and
isothermal condensation, 600kJ of heat transfers from system to surroundings and a part of
water vapours condenses to liquid. Determine change in entropy of the system and
surroundings. Is the process reversible or irreversible?
Ans. ( -1.6 KJ/K, 2.0134 KJ/K, irreversible)

P.5. Three identical and finite bodies A, B and C are initially at temperature 100, 300, 300 K
respectively. What is the highest temperature to which any one of the bodies can be raised by
using ideal Carnot heat engines or Carnot heat pumps? The bodies exchange heat only with
each other, Carnot engines and Carnot pumps. Ans. (400 K)

P.6. One Kg of water at 20 OC is converted into ice at 10 OC at constant atmospheric pressure.

Assuming that specific heat of water and ice to be constant, find the change in entropy of
water. (Cp water = 4.2kJ/kg K; Cp Ice = 2.1kJ/kg K; L latent heat of fusion = 335kJ/kg)
Ans. (-1.605 KJ/k)

P.7. Two bodies of equal heat capacities C and temperature T1 (=300K) and T2 (=500K) form an
adiabatically closed system. What will be the final temperature and maximum work obtained if
they come to equilibrium a) freely, b) reversibly.
Ans. (a) 400 K, zero, (b) 387.3 K, 25.40 C

P.8. A resistor of 10 ohms is maintained at 27 OC, while a current of 10 amperes pass through it
for one second. Determine the entropy change of the wire and the universe. In another case,
if the resistor is insulated and its temperature rises due to heating, determine the entropy
change of the universe. (Assume CP of resistor = 0.9 kJ/kg K; mass of resistor = 0.01 kg;
TSURR = 27 OC) Ans. (a.) zero, 3.33 J/K (b.) 2.835 J/K

.
 Engineering Thermodynamics - Tutorial Sheet 6

Exergy

Q.1. A 500 kg iron block is at 2000C. If the surrounding air is at 270C, determine the exergy
of the iron block. Ans. (8191 kJ)

Q.2. A 500 kg iron block, initially at 2000C, is to be used to maintain a house at 270C when
the outdoor temperature is 50C. Determine the maximum amount of heat which can be
supplied to the house as the iron cools to 270C. Ans. (142,132 kJ)

Q.3. A house is losing heat at a rate of 80,000 kJ/h when maintained at 220C and the
outside temperature is 150C. Determine the irreversibility if the room is being heated by
an electrical heater and power of the electrical heater. Also find the reversible work
required to maintain the house at 220C. Ans. (21.69 kW, 22.22 kW, 0.53 kW)

Q.4. A 5 kg iron block initially at 3500C is quenched in an insulated tank which contains 100
kg of water at 300C. Assuming the water that vaporizes during the process condenses
back in the tank and the surroundings are at 200C and 100 kPa, determine (a) the final
equilibrium temperature, (b) the availability of the combined system at the initial and
the final states, and (c) the wasted work potential during this process. Specific heat of
Iron = 0.45 kJ/(kg*K) and the specific heat of Water = 4.184 kJ/(kg*K).
Ans. (a) 31.7 oC, (b) 315 kJ, 95.7 kJ(c) 219.3 kJ

Q.5. A heat engine receives heat from a source at 1500 K a rate of 700 kJ/s, and it rejects
the waste heat to a medium at 370 K. The measured power output of the heat engine
is 320 kW, and the lowest naturally occurring surrounding temperature is 25 .
Determine (a) the reversible power, (b) the rate of irreversibility, and (c) the second-law
efficiency of this heat engine. Ans. (a) 550.7 kW,
(b) 230.7 kW (c) 58.1 %

Q.6. Water at 5 MPa and 40 flowing through a feed water heater at 5 kg/s is being
heated from two sources. First source adds heat at the rate of 900 kW heat from a
reservoir at 100 and the second source adds heat from a reservoir at 200 such
that the water leaving the heater is at 5 MPa and 180 . Find the irreversibility
generated.

Q.7. Two equal flows rates of air, both at 200 kPa mix in an insulated mixing chamber. One
flow is at 1500 K and the other is at 300 K. Find the irreversibility generated in the
process per kilogram of air flowing out if ambient temperature is taken as 300 K.