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A1 PASSERS TRAINING, RESEARCH, REVIEW & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY

2nd Floor Sommerset Bldg., Lopez Jaena St. Jaro, Iloilo City
Tel No.: (033) 320-2728; 09106547262
Email Address: a1nursingreviewic@yahoo.com.ph

ENGLISH
LESSON 1: PARTS OF SPEECH
EIGHT PARTS OF SPEECH
1.NOUN is a name of anything. Nouns are names of person, place, thing or idea.

GENERAL CLASSES OF NOUNS:

COMMON NOUNS name applied to any one of a class of person, place, or thing. They are general nouns.
PROPER NOUNS name of a particular person, place, or thing. It should be written in a capital letter.
Examples: STI College of Iloilo, South Korea, Danica, Elm Street
COLLECTIVE NOUNS name a group and is singular in form.
Examples: team, audience, school, colony, class
MASS NOUNS names that cant be counted
Examples: hair, sugar, water, sand, stars
CONCRETE NOUN names a substance
Examples: chair, table, pen, book
ABSTRACT NOUN names a quality, not a substance

NUMBER OF NOUNS
SINGULAR if it refers to one noun.
PLURAL if it refers to two or more nouns.

RULES IN FORMING THE PLURAL OF NOUNS

Most nouns add s to the singular form
Examples: boy + s = boys room + s = rooms
Nouns ending in a hissing sound (s, ch, sh, x, z) add es
Examples: box + es = boxes church + es = churches match + es = matches
Most nouns ending in f or fe change f to ve before adding s
Examples: calf calves knife knives leaf leaves
Most nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant sound change y to I and add ed
Examples: city cities lady ladies reply replies
Nouns ending in y after a vowel add s
Examples: key keys alley alleys monkey monkeys
Some nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant add es
Examples: cargo cargoes tomato tomatoes hero heroes
A few very common nouns add en or change the vowel or remain unchanged.
Examples: ox oxen child children sheep - sheep
Most compound nouns add s or es to the principal words of the compound.
Examples: bookcase bookcases handful handfuls runner-up runners up
A few nouns are regularly plural in form but singular in meaning.
Examples: Statistics Mathematics Economics
CASES OF NOUNS
NOMINATIVE used as the subject, noun of address, predicate noun or appositive
Examples: Danica looks pretty in her red dress.
Celine, come and get your toys.
The winner in the oratorical contest is Christian.
Our new professor, Dr. Lopez, discusses the lesson well.
OBJECTIVE used as direct object, indirect object, or object of the preposition.
Examples: The students are playing basketball.
Charles sent Lore a love letter.
The concert was held in the park.
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POSSESSIVE used to show ownership or possession

2. PRONOUN is a substitute for nouns. Pronouns identify person, place, thing, and idea without restating the noun.
An antecedent is the word for which a pronoun stands.
Example: Ruel brought his book in Science. ( RUEL is the antecedent of HIS)

KINDS OF PRNOUNS
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
refer to the speaker ( I, me, we, us, mine, my, our, ours)
the person spoken to ( you, your, yours)
the person spoken about ( he, she, it, they, him, her, them, his, hers, its, their, theirs)
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS are used to ask questions (who, which, what, that, whom, whose, whoever,
whomever)
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS point out the person or thing referred to ( this, that, those, these).
This (singular) used to point near object
These (plural) used to point near objects
That (singular) used to point far object
Those (plural) used to point far objects
When one of these words modifies a substantive, it ceases to be a pronoun and becomes an adjective.
Examples: This is my responsibility. (pronoun)
This is a beautiful place. (pronoun)
This responsibility is expected from you. (adjective)
This place is conducive for relaxation. (adjective)
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
Singular any, anybody, nobody, anyone, each, everyone, one, someone, somebody, every, either,
neither
plural all, some, few, both, several
When one of these words modifies a substantive, it ceases to be a pronoun and becomes an adjective.
Examples: Many attended the party. (pronoun)
Many students attended the lecture today. (adjective)
Some do not like this story. (pronoun)
Some students do not like this story. (adjective)
Below is a table of personal pronouns, their cases and persons
NOMINATIVE CASE OBJECTIVE CASE POSSESSIVE CASE
SINGULAR
1ST PERSON I ME MY, MINE
2ND PERSON YOU YOU YOUR, YOURS
3RD PERSON HE, SHE, IT HIM, HER, IT HIS, HER, HERS

PLURAL
1ST PERSON WE US OUR, OURS
2ND PERSON YOU YOU YOUR, YOURS
3RD PERSON THEY THEM THEIR, THEIRS

3. VERB
A verb is a word that shows action, links another word to the subject, helps another verb, or merely indicates
existence.
Examples:
Liza announced the result. (action verb; shows what the subject is doing)
The soup tastes delicious. (linking verb; links delicious to the subject soup)
The will enjoy the movie. (helping verb; will helps the verb enjoy to show action)
Our classmates are here. (merely indicates the existence of classmates)
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FORMS OF VERB
The base form; educate, learn, write
The S-form or third person singular; educates learns, writes
The ing-form or present participle; educating, learning, writing
The past form; educated, learned, wrote
An ACTION VERB expresses physical action or mental action.
Examples: landed, walk, laugh, eat sink (physical action verbs)
consider, wants, hoped, dream, realized, appreciate (mental action verbs)
LINKING VERB does not express `action. It links a word in the predicate to the subject.
Examples: The gift looks nice. (The verb looks links nice to the subject gift.)
Dino is a computer programmer. (The verb is links programmer to the subject Dino.)
Some examples of linking verbs:
LINKING VERBS
be were shall be taste sound
am can be should be look appear
is could be will be smell remain
are has been would be stay become
was have been seem grow
feel

The verbs taste, looks, feel, smell, sound, appear, become, seem, grow, remain, stay may be used as action
verbs as well as linking verbs, depending on the sense of the sentence.
Examples:
Maria looks pretty in my dress. (Looks is a linking verb that links pretty to the subject Maria.)
Maria looks for attractive but modest clothing. (Looks is an action verb. The subject is
performing the action looking.)
Norman appears handsome in his new tuxedo. (linking verb)
Norman appears in the hall. (action verb)
AUXILLIARY VERB or HELPING VERB helps the main verb to make a statement.
Examples:
Children must obey their parents. (The verb must helps the main verb obey to show action.)
Children must be obedient to their parents wishes. (The verb must helps the main verb be to
link obedient to the subject children.
We will be here next time. (The verb will helps the main verb be to indicate existence.
Note: The forms of be may be linking as well as helping verbs.
The forms of have and do may also be action verbs.
KINDS OF VERBS
1. REGULAR VERBS form their past tense by the addition of d, or ed to the base form. They have the
same form both for the past tense and past participle.
BASE FORM S-FORM PRESENT PARTICIPLE PAST AND PAST
PARTICIPLE
(THIRD PERSON ING-FORM
SINGULAR)
COOK COOKS COOKING COOKED
DECORATE DECORATES DECORATING DECORATED
PLAY PLAYS PLAYING PLAYED

2. IRREGULAR VERBS form their past tense and past participle in several ways.
BASE FORM PAST TENSE PAST PARTCIPLE
COME CAME COME
BREAK BROKE BROKEN
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT
CUT CUT CUT
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3. LINKING VERBS are used to link or join the subject with a word in the predicate which relates to the
subject. The be form of the verb (am, is, are, was, were) is the most commonly used linking verb. Others are as
follows: become, seem, look, smell, appear, feel, taste, sound, remain.

Linking verbs in sentences:

My favorite color is red.
He looks great in black.
My friend became famous.

4. An ADJECTIVE is a modifier which describes or limits a substantiative the noun, pronoun or noun equivalent. It may
be a word or a group of words. Adjectives answer the questions Which one? What kind? and How many?

The uses of adjectives

1.A noun modifier is usually placed directly before the noun it describes.
Ex. He is an intelligent man.
2. A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and modifies the subject.
Ex. He is happy.
The movie seems interesting.
3. An article or noun marker are the other names for these adjectives: a, an, the
Ex. Dorothy was given an apple.
The teacher is awarded for her meritorious performance.
4. Possessive nouns and certain possessive pronouns are usually considered adjectives.
Ex. Dinas stamp collection is complete, but her sister has not even started her own collection.

5. A Proper Adjective is a word formed from a proper noun and, like a proper noun, begins with a capital
letter.
Ex. Japan (proper noun) Japanese cuisine
Elizabeth Elizabethan costumes
Asia Asian nations

KINDS OF ADJECTIVES
1.Indefinite Adjective: some, many, much, several, few, a few, a little
a.with countable nouns: Ex. I have (many, several, few) books at home.
b.with uncountable nouns: Ex. I have (much, a great deal, little) information about that issue.
c. with both plural countable and uncountable nouns: Ex. He has (some, a lot of, enough)
money.
d. indefinite adjectives much, many, little and few may be modified by too and very.
Ex. You are making too much noise.

2. Numerals: one, two, three, etc. are cardinal numbers

Ex. He gave me three roses.
With numerals like first, second, third etc. are called ordinal numbers
Ex. We will discuss the third chapter.
3. Proper Adjective: Filipino flag, English language, Persian carpet, etc.
Ex. Persian carpets are on sale.
4. Descriptive Adjective: new, tall, blue, charming
Ex. The charming woman is my aunt.
5. Nouns that modify nouns: oak, paper, etc.
Ex. Here are your paper dolls.
6. Phrases and clauses that modify nouns:
Ex. The girl watching television is my sister.
7. A clause modifying a noun is usually introduced by a relative pronoun: that, which, who, whom, whose, and
Where
Ex. The man who is driving the car is my father.
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5. An ADVERBS modifies a verb,

adjective, another adverb, a verbal, a preposition, or a conjunction.

Adverbs answer the questions, How?, Where? , When?, How often?, and To what degree?
Adverbs do not modify nouns.
KINDS OF ADVERB
1.Adverb of manner (how)
Ex. He spoke (poorly, fluently, slowly.)
2. Adverb of time (when)
Ex. He is coming (tomorrow, next week, next month, tonight).
Written exercise: Underline the time expression used in each of the following sentences.
1.The doctor will check him up very soon.
2. Are you going to Baguio this summer?
3. I could not sleep well lately.
4. The students complained about their grades last week.
5. They will spend their vacation in Baguio in April.
6. My sister will see the dentist later on.
7. He hopes to graduate from high school next year.
8. It rained hard last night.
9. Mother is baking cake right now.
10. Yoly is happy everyday.

3. Adverb of place (where)

Ex. Let us meet in the restaurant.
The concert will be in the park.
4. Adverb of frequency (how often0
Ex. He writes to her (daily, regularly, weekly
6. A PREPOSITION is a word that shows how a noun or a pronoun is related to some other words in the sentence.
Prepositions show relation between a word and a noun or pronoun that follows. It indicates.
a. place and position at, in, across, below, above, between, behind, beyond
b. direction and motion in, towards, out, about, around, through, by, down, over
c. time at, before, after, during, since, until
Ex. I have been waiting for your call since last week.

FREQUENTLY USED PREPOSITIONS

ABOARD AMONG BETWEEN FROM OVER UNDERNEATH
ABOUT BETWEEN BEYOND IN PAST UNTIL
ABOVE AT BUT INTO SINCE UNTO
ACROSS BEFORE BY LIKE THROUGH UP
AFTER BEHIND DOWN NEAR THROUGHOUT UPON
AGAINST BELOW DURING OF TO WITH
ALONG BENEATH EXCEPT OFF TOWARD WITHIN
AMID BESIDE FOR ON UNDER WITHOUT

A Prepositional Phrase consists of a preposition, its noun or pronoun object, and any modifiers of the object.
The sun sparked on the emerald waters.
The object of the preposition is the noun or pronoun that completes the prepositional phrase. A preposition
must always have an object.
A preposition may have a compound object.
We received a telegram from Jessica and Anita.
7. CONJUCTION is a word that joins words or groups of words.
Ex. And, but, or, for, yet, therefore, also, however, because, so that, as long as,
I will love you as long as the grass shall grow.
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The following conjunctions are called coordinating conjunctions: and, but, or, nor, for, yet
Ex. We like pancake and milk shake. (conjunction joining words)
Should we put it on a plate or in a bowl? (conjunction joining phrases)
We went fishing but caught no fish. (conjunction joining clauses)

Some other coordinating conjunctions go in pairs: either-or, neither-nor, both-and, not only-but also. These are
called Correlative Conjunctions.
Ex. Both Jason and James bought bicycles with the money they saved.
Subordinating Conjunctions are used to introduce adverb clauses.
Ex. After, as, although, as if, as much as, as long as, as soon as, because, before, if, in order that, since,
so that, than, though, unless, until, when, whenever, while

Since he had real determination, he would not quit.

8. INTERJECTION expresses emotion, acts as a signal, or adds a conversational touch. It usually ends with an exclamation
point. It is an exclamatory word that is not related with the other words in the sentences.

An exclamation point is usually used after an interjection, but a comma may be used after a mild interjection.
Ex. Ouch! , What! , Wow! , Hurray!
Hurray! Miami Heat won.
Hurrah! The war is over!
Well, what do you know about that.
LESSON 2: THE CLAUSE
1. A CLAUSE is a group of words which contains a subject and a predicate. It is usually considered a part of a sentence,
but when it is capable of standing alone, it is equivalent to a simple sentence.
Ana is the girl who wrote the letter.
The officer said, Stop. (The subject YOU is omitted.)
Clauses related to the sentence are classified as Independent (also called principal or main clause)
and Dependent (subordinate).
KINDS OF CLAUSES
1.The INDEPENDENT CLAUSES expresses a complete thought and can stand alone in a sentence.
Robert delivers papers before he comes to school.
The clause Robert delivers papers could stand alone, for it expresses a complete
thought.
2. A DEPENDENT CLAUSE does not make sense when standing alone.
Robert delivers papers before he comes to school.
The clause before he comes to school does not make complete sense when standing
alone; it is dependent upon other words to give it complete meaning.
LESSON 3 : SENTENCE PATTERNS
ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE
Subject doer of the action/ topic of the sentence
Predicate states something about the subject
Direct Object receives the action done by the subject
Indirect Object - precedes the direct object and tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done and
who is receiving the direct object
BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS
1. S-IV
An intransitive verb is a verb without a direct object.
Maria cooperated voluntarily.
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2. S LV PN

A predicate nominative or a predicate noun completes a linking verb and renames the subject.
Teachers are our second parents.
S LV PN

3. S LV PA

A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and describes the subject.

Her pies are very sweet.
S LV PN
4. S TV - DO

A transitive verb is a verb that requires both a subject and a direct object.
The students helped the barangay.
S TV DO
5. S TV- IO DO
Liza gave the children gifts.
S TV IO DO
5. S TV DO OC
An object complement is a noun, pronoun, or adjective which follows a direct object and renames it or tells what the
direct object has become.
He called the cashier beautiful.
S TV DO OC
LESSON 4 : BASIC RULES IN AGREEMENT AND GRAMMAR

1. A verb agrees with its subject in person and in number.

Wrong: They doesnt understand what to do
Right: They dont understand what to do.
2. The number of a noun in a phrase introduced by the preposition of does not affect the number of
verb.
Wrong: A list of books were made by Bong
Right: A list of books was made by Bong.
3. Compound subjects joined by and ordinarily take the plural form of the verb.
Wrong: Here comes Nanding and Manny.
Right: Here come Nanding and Manny.
4. When two or more singular subjects are joined by or nor, a singular form of the verb is required.
Wrong: A mans success or failure lie in his hands.
Right: A mans success or failure lies in his hands.
5. Interviewing phrases introduced by of,with, together with, as well as, including besides, no less than, in
addition to, accompanied by, not, do not affect the form of the verb.
Wrong: The teacher, together with her pupils were there.
Right: The teacher, together with her pupils was there.
6. Compound nouns joined by and use the singular form of the verb if they are regarded as a unit.
Example: Bread and butter was all he asked for.
7. When the subject and predicate nominative differ in number, the verb must agree with the subject not
the complement.
Wrong: The theme of the essay are the experiences of our heroes.
Right: The theme of the essay is the experiences of our heroes.
8. Compound subjects joined by either-or, neither-nor, not only-but also ordinarily take verbs agreeing in
number with the nearer subject.
Wrong: They doesnt understand what to do
Right: They dont understand what to do.

9. When the subject comes after the verb make sure that the verb agrees with its subject.
Wrong: In this school is enrolled several alien students.
Right: In this school are enrolled several alien students.
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10. Never begin a sentence with a participle that does not logically modify the subject of the sentence.
Wrong: Walking around the campus, the bell rang.
Right: Walking around the campus, I heard the bell rang.
11. Sentence elements that are grammatically connected should be closed together.
Wrong: I, after the class, went the movies.
Right: I went to the movies after my class.
12. Modifiers, should be placed as near as possible to the words they modify.
Wrong: She rushed into the room just as we are singing the last song
breathless with excitement.
Right: Breathless, with excitement, she rushed into the room just as we
are singing the last song.
13. Avoid dangling modifiers.
Wrong: Having taken the entrance examinations, the President of the
College accepted me.
Right: After I had taken the entrance examinations, the President of the
College accepted me.
14. Ordinarily, this and that take a singular form of the verb while these and those take the plural form of
the verb.
Examples: That is good idea.
These are times that try mans soul.

15. The following indefinite pronouns are ordinarily used with the third person. They take the plural form
of the verb: all, both, few, many, several, some.
Examples: All were satisfied.
Both are to be blamed.
16. The following indefinite pronouns, whether singular or plural in meaning are ordinarily used with the
third person singular form of the verb: each, everybody, everyone, everything, any, anybody, anything,
other, somebody, someone, something, one, nothing, nobody, either, neither, another.
Examples: Each arrives on time.
Everything is in order.
17. The title of a book is considered singular.
Examples: The Dialogues of Plato is a great classic.
18. The word people, meaning many persons is plural.
People refer to different races.
Examples: The people were excited about the news.
The people vote for Eraps candidates.
19. The expression the number of takes a singular form of the verb, while the expression a number of
takes the plural form of the verb.
Examples: The number of students in the class is limited.
A number of books are on reserve in the library.
20. Noun referring to money, time, measurement or distance that is preceded by an expression of amount
or quantity is considered singular and takes the singular form of the verb.
Examples: Five hundred is too much for that shirt.
Three weeks is a long time to wait for you.

21. The number of the noun that follows an expression of fraction or portion determines the number of
the verb to be used.
Examples: One third of the apples are yours.
Half of the apple was eaten by rats.
22. Sentences introduced by it take the singular form of the verb.
Examples: It is time to say goodbye.
It hurts to say goodbye.
23. The number of the subject of a sentence introduced by there determines the verb to be used.
Examples: There is a man in the room.
There are days when she is lonely.
There are five schooldays in a week.
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24. The verb taken an s when it is used in the third person singular of the presence tense.
Examples: Jerry plays chess vigorously.
25. The expressions, one of the, the number of, and a number of are always followed by plural nouns.
Examples: One of the boys is absent.
A number of books were stolen.
A number of apples were rotten.
26. Some nouns are always plural in form.
Examples: news, measles, mumps, pants, shorts, scissors, trousers.
The news for today is about the PNPs corruption.
27. Nouns such as Mathematics, Statistics, Economics, Politics, Physics, are used with the singular form of
the verb when they refer to an area of study.
Examples: Physics is required for Science majors.
Politics, is not dirty per se, but the politicians are the ones making
it dirty.
28. Possession is usually shown by adding apostrophe () or apostrophe (s) to a noun.
Examples: The boys club.
The ladies club.
29. The infinitive of a verb is always in the simple form.
Examples: To love is an adventure
Long ago, Bongs dream was to live in a forest.
30. Nouns plural in form but singular in meaning (Singular form of the verb)
Examples: News, measles, mumps
31. Nouns singular in form but function collectively
Examples: information, food, equipment, jewelry.

LESSON 5 : VERB TENSES

1. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IS USED:
To express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes: I play
basketball (habit); I work in London (unchanging situation); London is a large city (general truth)
To give instructions or directions: You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.

EXAMPLES
He goes to school every morning.
She understands English.
He tries very hard.
She enjoys playing the piano.

Fill in the blanks with the correct simple present tense form of the verb (in parentheses):
EX: Jim reads (read) every day.

1. My brother ___________________ (go) to college.

2. I ___________________ (understand) English.

3. My friends always ___________________ (laugh) at my jokes.
4. The weather in California ___________________ (be) perfect.
5. Our cats ___________________ (sleep) all day.
6. Your dress ___________________ (look) very pretty.
7. My sister ___________________ (walk) very quickly.
8. We ___________________ (make) mistakes when we speak English.
9. I ___________________ (be) from Italy.
10. My brother ___________________ (have) two dogs

2. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE indicates that an action is completed and has already taken place.
o Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his most famous speech in 1963.
[an action completed in the past].
o As a girl, she wondered how her college degree would help her career
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[an action that occurred once or many times in the past but did not extend to the present].
Part 1: Write the past tense of the following words on the space provided.
Go _____ Take ______ Eat _______ Sleep ________ leave ________
Put _____ Have ______ Buy _______ Know ________Be __________
Part 2: Change the verb to the correct form
1. Ms. Dubman _______ the bus to school this morning. (take)
2. The students ________ around the classroom yesterday. (run)
3. When the weather was cold, everyone _________indoors. (stay)
4. The boss ________ his employee, youre fired. (tell)
5. Laura ________ frightened when she moved to the Prairie. (be)
3. The FUTURE TENSE indicates that an action is in the future relative to the speaker or writer. The future tense employs
the helping verbs will or shall with the base form of the verb:

Will/shall + base form of the verb

She will leave soon.

We shall overcome.
The simple future is used:
To predict a future event: It will rain tomorrow.
With I or We, to express a spontaneous decision: I'll pay for the tickets by credit card.
To express willingness: He'll carry your bag for you.
In the negative form, to express unwillingness: The baby won't eat his soup.
With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to make an offer: Shall I open the window?
1. With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to ask for advice or instructions:
What shall I tell the boss about this money?
2. With You, to give orders:
You will do exactly as I say.

Exercises: Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the verb in parentheses in simple future tense.

1) The house is dirty. I (clean) _______ ________ it on Monday.

2) (cook) _______ you ________ on Tuesday, please?
3) It looks like the washer is broken. I (ask) _______ _______ a repair man to come Wednesday.
4) Okay then, our group (meet) _______ ________ on Thursday.
5) Helga, (hike) _______ you _______ with us on Friday?
6) If necessary, we (carry) _______ ________ the supplies in our car Saturday.
7) John and Wes, (read) _______ you _______ to the children on Sunday?

had + past participle of the verb

4. USES OF PAST PERFECT TENSE

express an action that or state of being completed in the past before some other past actions or state of being.
the earlier of the two past actions is expressed in the past perfect tense while the latter past action is expressed
in the simple past tense.

USE : Completed Action Before Something in the Past

The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred

before another action in the past.

It can also show that something happened before a specific

time in the past.

Examples:
I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Miami.
I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.
Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
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She only understood the movie because she had read the book.

Exercise 1:
Put the verbs into the correct form (Past Perfect simple).
A. My little brother ate all of the cake that I _____________________ (make).
B. The waitress brought a dish that we _____________________ (not / order).
C. Last night I couldn't get in because I _____________________ (forget) my keys.
D. When we arrived at the station, the train _____________________ (go).
Exercise 2:
Put the Past Simple or the Past Perfect.
1. When their mom _______________ (come) home last night, the children _______________ (eat) their dinner.
2. Yesterday I _______________ (see) a woman who _______________ (be) at school with my grandfather. Isn't it
strange?
3. It started to rain and I _______________ (remember) that I _______________ (forget) to close my bedroom window

5. USES OF PRESENT PERFECT has/have + past participle of the verb

expresses an action that started in the past and continues up to the present.
expresses an action started and ended in the past.
USE 1
Unspecified Time before Now

We use the Present Perfect to express an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important.
. You cannot use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan,
at that moment, that day, one day, etc.
We can use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so for,
already, yet, ever/never, etc.

Examples:
I have seen that movie twenty times.
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.
People have traveled to the Moon.
People have not traveled to Mars.
Have you read the book yet?
Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
Exercises: A Fill in SINCE or FOR
1. He has been back ___________ two hours __________ 3 oclock.
2. I havent seen him _________ over two months ________ Christmas.
3. Youve been watching TV __________ you came home from school _____ most of the evening.
4. Carol has been looking after the baby _________ this morning ______ over four hours.

B. Complete these sentences using the Present Perfect Tense of the following verbs

be clean eat have rain see

1. Chris ___________________ all the biscuits. (They are gone now.)

2. The boys ___________________ the car. (It looks beautiful now.)
3. Mrs. Wood _______________ a busy day. (She is tired now.)
4. It _________ not _________ for weeks. (The garden is very dry.)
5. I _________________ the film. (I know it.)
6. My sister _______________ to Paris several times. (She knows it.)
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