HEAT EXCHANGER

CDB 2023: PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER

Jan Semester 2015

DR. YEONG YIN FONG

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6. Heat Exchanger Design
Chapter 11: Heat Exchanger
Types of Heat Exchanger
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
Analysis of Heat Exchangers
The Log Mean Temperature Difference Method
The Effectiveness-NTU Method
Selection of Heat Exchangers

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 Reference Books:
Cengel, A. Y. and Ghajar, J. A., Heat and Mass
Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications, 5th Ed.
McGraw Hill 2015.

Holman, J. P. Heat Transfer, 10th Ed., McGraw Hill,

2009.

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Lesson Outcomes:
At the end of this session:

1) Recognize numerous types of heat exchangers equipment

and classification.
2) Develop an awareness of fouling on surfaces, and determine
the overall heat transfer coefficient for a heat exchanger.
3) Perform a general energy analysis on heat exchangers.
4) Obtain a relation for the logarithmic mean temperature
difference for use in the LMTD method, and correction factor.
5) Analyze heat exchangers using the effectiveness-NTU
method.
6) Know the primary considerations in the selection of heat
exchangers.

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6. Heat Exchanger Design
Chapter 11: Heat Exchanger
Types of Heat Exchanger
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
Analysis of Heat Exchangers
The Log Mean Temperature Difference Method
The Effectiveness-NTU Method
Selection of Heat Exchangers

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 Introduction
Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the
exchange of heat between two fluids that are at
different temperatures while keeping them from
mixing with each other.

Used in wide range of applications

Heating and air-conditioning systems
Food and chemical processing
Oil refining
Power production plants
Waste heat recovery
Vehicles
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Heat transfer in a heat exchanger involves
convection in each fluid and conduction through
the wall separating the two fluids.

Overall heat transfer coefficient U, that accounts

for the contribution of all these effects on heat
transfer.

The rate of heat transfer between the two fluids

at a location in a heat exchanger depends on
the magnitude of the temperature difference at
that location, which varies along the heat
exchanger.

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6. Heat Exchanger Design
Chapter 11: Heat Exchanger
Types of Heat Exchanger
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
Analysis of Heat Exchangers
The Log Mean Temperature Difference Method
The Effectiveness-NTU Method
Selection of Heat Exchangers

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 Types of Heat Exchanger
By Transfer Process:
1. Direct contact
Heat transfer takes place
between two immiscible fluids.
Mixing takes place between
the fluids.
Gas and liquid coming into
direct contact for exchanging
heat
Cooling towers, jet
condensers of water vapor

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2.Indirect contact
Hot and cold fluids are
separated by impervious
surface
Car radiators, shell and
tube heat exchangers
No mixing of fluids

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By Compactness:
i. Compact heat exchanger
It has a large heat transfer surface area per
unit volume (e.g., car radiator). A heat
exchanger with the area density > 700
m2/m3 is classified as being compact.
Automobile, marine, air craft, aero space and
cryogenic applications.
Fins are used to increase the heat transfer
area

ii. Cross-flow
In compact heat exchangers, the two fluids usually
move perpendicular to each other. The cross-flow is
further classified as unmixed and mixed flow.
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By Construction Type
1. Tubular Heat Exchangers
Common design is shell and
tube heat exchangers
Wide range of operating
pressures and temperature,
ease of manufacturing, low
cost.

2. Plate Heat Exchangers

The hot and cold fluids flow
in alternate passages
Can increase the size by
simply mounting more
plates
Moderate temperature and
pressures
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3. Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger
The compactness factor is
improved by the fins.
Generally used for gas to
gas applications.
Low pressure applications
only (< 10 bar)

4. Tube-Fin Heat Exchangers

High pressure on tube side
can be accommodated.
Gas turbine, nuclear, fuel
cell, automobile, airplane,
heat pump, refrigeration, air
conditioning, electronics,
cryogenics etc.

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By Flow Arrangement

1.Parallel-flow
Hot and cold fluids enters at
the same end of heat
exchanger.

2. Counter-flow
Hot and cold fluids enters in
the opposite ends of heat
exchanger

3. Cross-flow
Two fluids flow right angles to
each other

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The most common type of heat exchanger in
industrial applications :Shell and tube heat exchanger

They contain a large number of tubes packed in a shell

with their axes parallel to that of the shell.

Heat transfer takes place as one fluid flows inside the

tubes while the other fluid flows outside the tubes
through the shell.

Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are further classified

according to the number of shell and tube passes
involved.

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