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The companys Pat-Add range of coating additives includes wetting & dispersing agents,
defoamers, slip & leveling agents, rheology modifiers. Whilst keeping focus on environmental
sustainability, the company produces products using green raw materials that are APEO free
and have low or no VOC.
These products are multi functional and multi compatible, which simplifies the production
process, reduces the chance of errors and minimizes inventory thus improving cost effective-
ness.
Patcham has built a strong manufacturing and R&D infrastructure that enables the rapid
transition from concept to products. The company has strategically located technical service
laboratories, offices and representatives around the world to provide the most efficient
customer service. In addition, a well-developed robust supply chain network enables it to
deliver its products and services to customers around the globe with minimal lead-time.
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Contents
Introduction 1
Universal colorants 13
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Introduction
Pigment concentrates generally refers to any pigment dispersion used as tinting pastes or full
mixing systems. Pigment concentrates contain high loading of pigments dispersed with or
without a dispersing resin. Stainers, tinters, colorants, shading pastes are some of the
alternate terms used.
Faster delivery
Lowers cost of production of small batches
Immediate availability for a wide color spectrum
Reduced cost of storage
Simplify paint production with higher reproducibility
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Patcham dispersing and wetting agents in focus
The role of wetting agent is to gradually reduce the interfacial surface tension as a result
of which the air entrapped on the pigment surface is replaced by the medium. This results
in effective wetting of the pigment.
Wetting agents
The process of dispersing follows Figure 3, which illustrates that dispersion requires the
input of energy to break up the agglomerates into primary particles. Mechanical forces such
as grinding or high speed dispersion are required for the above process. Once the
particles are mechanically broken down to their primary size, stabilization of the particles
takes place through the adsorption of the dispersing additives.
To ensure long term stability of the dispersed primary particles, the dispersant molecules
have to be firmly adsorbed onto the pigment surface. This means that the additive require
the effective pigment affinic groups or segments which can interact strongly in the pigment
surface by ionic bonding, dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding.
Electrostatic repulsion
Why are wetting & dispersing agents utilized
Stabilization increases with Steric hindrance
thickness of electrical double
layer Stabilization increases with
Dispersion
Agglomerated/flocculated Primary particles thickness of electrical double
particles layer
Resin/solvent compatible chains
protruding into the surrounding
vehicle.
> 100,000 particles
1 particle
Polyelectrolytes
Additives used for dispersion in
waterborne systems
High molecular weight products
containing electrical charges in side chains
Pigment powder De-floccuated Primary particles Polyphosphates
Polycarboxylates
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HMV polymer dispersants
Patcham's innovative High Molar Volume technology dispersants are specially designed
polymers with a higher volume per mass as compared to conventional high molecular weight
dispersing agents.
Multiple anchoring groups and multi compatible polymeric chains make it most suitable for
high structured carbon blacks, organic pigments and wide range of resin systems
V+
d: decreasing distance
V-
between 2 particles
Da:
Da
distance at which
particles agglomerate
Higher volume contributes to thicker adsorbed layer, preventing
(Relatively) low layer thickness of the adsorbed layer cannot
attractive forces to dominate stabilizing forces: Stable dispersion!
prevnt attractive forces to dominate stabilizing forces: agglomeration
adsorption layer cannot prevent agglomeration... Thicker adsorption layer preventing agglomeration...
Figure 5b: Comparative mechanism of conventional and HMV technology based dispersing agents
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Patcham additives for pigment concentrates
WB resin free
pigment concentrate
Pat-Add DA 603 Effective dispersing agent for various On SOP (Grinding stage)
WB resin minimal
Pat-Add 603 LV types of pigment. Enables high Organic pigments: 3 16
pigment concentrate
Wetting and loading of pigments with low Inorganic pigments: 3 5
dispersing End-use: viscosity and stable shelf life Transparent pigments: 27 30
WB architectural Black pigments: 12 80
agent
WB industrial
printing Inks
0.2 - 2.0
Pat-Add Rheol 99 On total formulation
Rheology modifiers Creates body and rheology effect
Pat-Add Rheol 100 (dosage may sometimes
for all WB colorants to WB pigment concentrates
Rheology modifier depend on specific viscosity
requirements)
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Water based pigment concentrates
HMV polymeric wetting and dispersing agent for all type of pigment dispersions
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Water based pigment concentrates
PG 7 PY 42 PR 170 PBLK 7
Novoperm Hostaperm
R
Hostaperm
R R
Raven 14
R
Raw materials Yellow H6G Quin. violet F3RK-70 Green GNX L3920 oxide
PY 175 PV 19 PR 170 PG 7 PBk7 PY 42 PR 101
Weight (%)
Letdown
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Water based pigment concentrates
RFPC - Resin Free Pigment Concentrate (PG based)
Table 3a: Black pigment concentrate with Pat-Add DA 603
R R R R
R
Monarch Monarch Emperor Black B BLK oxide Raven
FW 200
Raw materials PBlk 7 1000 1300 2000 PBlk 7 PBlk 11 5000
PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7
Pat-Add Rheol 100 2.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.50 0.80
Pat-Add Rheol 100 0.60 2.08 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
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Water based pigment concentrates
R
R HANSA R
R R
Hostaperm Pigment Red Irgazin
R
Hostaperm Hostaperm Heliogen
R
brilliant
violet RL orange 13 FGR 70 DPP red BO pink E green GNX blue L 7080
yellow 2GX70
Raw materials
PV 23 PY 74 PO 13 PR 112 PR 254 PR 122 PG 7 PB 15.3
Weight (%)
Propylene glycol 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 12.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
Pat-Add DA 603 7.00 3.00 7.00 7.50 7.50 7.00 6.00 7.50
Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Biocide 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
pH regulator 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Pat-Add Rheol 100 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.50
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Water based pigment concentrates
Letdown
Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Pat-Add Rheol 100 0.50 0.55 0.50 0.50
Water 2.40 1.05 2.10 5.60
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
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Water based pigment concentrates
Table 6: White pigments with Pat-Add DA 603
Raw materials
R-902 CR 826 CR 828 dioxide
Weight (%)
Letdown
Tipure R-902 Tronox CR 826 Titanium dioxide
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Water based pigment concentrates
Table 7: RMPC - Resin minimal pigment concentrate (styrene acrylic emulsion)
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Water based pigment concentrates
Table 8: Color measurement and stability of WB pigment concentrates
Bayferrox L
R
Color measurement (after stability, 45 days), tinting strength with 1% PC in white base
PB 15:3 PY 42 PY 74
Figure 12: Mass & tint tone of pigment concentrates
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Universal colorants
Pigment concentrates are color pigments dispersed in a blend of wetting and dispersing
additives and a liquid carrier. The level of pigment incorporated is dependent on the color
strength required and limitations based on pigment surface area. An important criterion for
the additives present in universal pigment concentrate should be their compatibility with
waterborne and solventborne architectural bases.
Key benefits:
Clean shade with high gloss to the finished coat
High brilliance and color
Long storage stability
Better transparency for organic pigments and improved opacity for inorganic pigments
Permanent Permanent
R
Letdown
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Universal pigment concentrates
PV 23 PO 13
PR 101
Special
Properties pink E violet oxide oxide Black 4
PR 122 PV 23 PY 42 PR 101 PB 7
Weight (%)
Water 30.00 28.00 15.00 10.00 30.00
PEG 300 20.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 20.00
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Solvent based pigment concentrates
Architectural alkyd based pigment concentrate
Patcham has a range of additives from which two unique choices are highlighted for solvent
based alkyd system:
The pigment concentrates made with these dispersing agents show excellent compatibility and
minimize the risk of flooding and floatation. Another advantage of these additives can be seen
in the long term stability of the pigment concentrate.
Table 11: Formulation of resin free pigment concentrate for alkyd based paint
Special
Raw materials PR 112 PG 7 PB 15:3 PV 23 Black 4 PY 42
White spirit 35.00 18.00 33.90 20.00 24.00 20.20
Pat-Add DA 1803 37.50 47.80 39.50 35.00 39.70 16.90
Pigment 16.00 19.70 16.90 15.00 17.00 49.40
Blanc fixe micro 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00
Butyl cellosolve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.80
Letdown
White spirit 11.30 14.30 9.50 28.80 19.10 8.50
Patox 1 (MEKO) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
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Solvent based pigment concentrates
Resin minimal pigment concentrates
PV 19 PB 15:3 PY 74
Special PY42
Black4
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Solvent based pigment concentrates
Patcham additives for pigment concentrate used in industrial coatings
Table 13: Patcham additives for industrial coatings
Solvent free
Pigment concentrates Solvent free wetting and dispersing
additive for solventborne and On SOP (Grinding stage)
Pat-Add DA 815 End use: Organic pigments: 30 - 60
Wetting/ solvent free coating systems, PVC
Solvent free epoxy plastisols, thermoplastics, and Inorganic pigments: 3 - 15
dispersing Transparent pigments: 30 - 60
Floor coatings adhesives to stabilize organic and
agent Black pigments: 40 - 150
Solvent free inorganic pigments, particularly
Polyaspartics carbon blacks.
Plastisol colorants
Resin free pigment
concentrate
Resin minimal
pigment concentrate
for black, blue and Enhance wetting and jetness of PC.
Pat-Add DA 2650 violet pigments Dispersant anchoring will produce Based on pigments : 3.0 - 5.0
synergist improves stability. For SB Pigment
End-use: concentrate dispersions only.
SB and solvent-free
architectural
industrial
floor
Polyaspartics colorants
Resin free pigment
concentrate
Resin minimal
pigment concentrate
for yellow and red Enhance wetting and transparency
Pat-Add DA 2672 pigments of PC. Dispersant anchoring to
synergist pigment will improve stability. For Based on pigments : 3.0 - 5.0
End-use:
SB and solvent-free SB pigment concentrate dispersions
architectural only.
industrial
floor
Polyaspartics colorants
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Solvent based pigment concentrates
Industrial pigment concentrates
Pat-Add DA 932
High Molar Volume technology for use in industrial solventborne paints and
pigment concentrates.
Best dispersion stability, low viscosity pigment dispersions and high transparency
fir fine particle sized pigments.
The suitable dispersant for high pigment Provides excellent color development
loaded tinters and transparency
Effective for furnace carbon blacks, for For wood coatings, refinishes, general
extreme jet, blue undertone industrial coatings, pigment concentrates
Special FW 200
R
Aldehyde resin 20.00 25.00 27.00 27.00 23.04 19.50 40.00 40.00
Pat-Add DA 932 3.45 18.00 24.90 15.50 15.40 7.64 7.63 16.00
Pigment 65.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 19.00 50.00 20.00 30.00
MPA:Xylene 6.00 15.00 20.00 20.35 10.75 10.00 13.84 -
Pat-Add DA 2650 - 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 - - -
Pat-Add DA 2672 - - - - - 0.80 -
-
Fumed silica 0.20 - - - 0.80 - -
-
Aldehyde resin - 8.30 6.30 6.30 22.00 3.00 3.90 10.00
MPA:Xylene 5.35 13.20 11.30 20.35 9.31 9.06 13.83 4.00
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
SOP of dispersant 2.50% 42.30% 117.0% 72.85% 38.0% 7.18% 17.93% 25.0%
% Synergist - 2.5% 5.0% 5.0% 2.6% - 4.0% -
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Solvent based pigment concentrates
*
FW 200 oxide
R
Viscosity of PC, cP 458.3 59.8 38.5 19.30 198.8 749.4 98.7 2047.4
Grinding time 1hr 15 min 2 hrs 3 hrs 2 hrs 2 hrs 30 min 2 hrs 2 hrs 30 min 2 hrs
Fineness of grind 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm
Dispermat CV, rpm 4000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000
* FW 200
R
Gloss readings
Epoxy
Properties Of PC
PW 6 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PB 15:3 PY 42 PY 74
Gloss readings
Color measurement
L* 96.18 4.3 2.12 1.87 16.79 58.94 81.35
a* -0.6 -0.14 -0.03 -0.07 -2.85 17.43 13.23
b* 1.41 -0.31 -0.15 -0.34 -33.63 43.28 84.31
*
PC - Pigment concentrates
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Solvent based pigment concentrates
2K Polyurethane system
Epoxy system
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Solvent based pigment concentrates
Table 17: RMPC with Polyester polyol
% Synergist - - - - 2.0%
Phthalo
TiO2 Black 4 oxide 130 green
Properties
PW 6 PBlk 7 PY 42 PR 101 PG 7
Viscosity of PC* in cP 650.0 1145 554.10 474.94 532.05
Fineness of grind 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm
2K PU
Gloss readings
Color measurement
*
PC - Pigment concentrates
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Solvent based pigment concentrates
PW 6 SP 4 PY 42 PR 101 PG 7
PY 42 PR 101 PG 7
Figure 20: Mass and tint tone of RMPC with Pat-Add DA 932 in polyester polyol formulation
White
Raw materials Black 4 FW 200 1300 iron oxide blue
R
TiO2
PW 6 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PY42 PB 15:3
Mill base
Acrylic polyol resin 20.00 25.00 27.00 27.00 20.00 36.41
Pat-Add DA 932 3.45 18.00 15.50 24.90 8.50 15.36
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Solvent based Pigment Concentrates
Table 20: Wet properties of RMPC with acrylic polyol
White FW 200
R
Properties of PC
*
Black 4 1300 iron oxide blue
PW 6 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PY 42 PB15:3
Black 4
Phthalo
Properties 1300 iron oxide
R
FW 200 blue
PW 6
PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PY 42 PB 15:3
Gloss readings
200 92.60 103 117 91.30 94.90 93.60
Color measurement
L* 96.84 2.02 2.43 2.06 58.52 29.30
PW 6 Special black 4 FW 200 PY 42 PB 15:3
PW 6 Special Black 4 FW 200 PY 42 PB 15:3
Figure 22: Mass & tint tone of RMPC with Pat-Add DA 932 in acrylic polyol formulation
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Solvent based pigment concentrates
Table 22: Resin free pigment concentrate
White Brilliant R
Letdown
PU system
20 88 87 88 83 82 86
95 93 92 93
60 96 91
Epoxy system
20 97 94 97 94 94 95
TPA system
20 - 18 39 54 - 61
60 - 64 81 82 - 86
NC system
20 58 66 40 48 58 68
60 83 78 87 76 77 82
*
PC - Pigment concentrates
PU system
L* 58.10 29.20 95.10 4.40 15.50 37.00
TPA system
L* - 25.90 93.00 4.50 - 36.50
a* - 35.70 -1.30 -0.20 - 64.50
b* - 32.30 6.10 1.00 - 56.30
NC system
PY 74 PB 15:3 PW 6 PBL 7
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Solvent free pigment concentrates
R R
Gloss readings
200 93.00 88.80 91.00 89.70
600 95.20 92.30 93.70 93.40
Color measurement
Figure 25: Mass & tint tone of RMPC of Pat-Add DA 932 in castor oil
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Solvent free pigment concentrates
Pat-Add DA 815
This is a solvent free wetting and dispersing additive for solventborne and solvent free
coating systems, PVC plastisols, thermoplastic and adhesives. It stabilizes organic and
inorganic pigments, particularly carbon blacks.
It is particularly suitable for the production of polyol pastes for PU as well as PVC
applications. Anti-separation additive for SMC/BMC formulations. Pat-Add DA 815 creates
Newtonian flow behavior of the material by reducing the viscosity drastically. It can also work
as a neutralizer for acidic and neutral carbon black pigment.
Key benefits
Provides excellent uniformity and color development
Improves torque build up and filter pressure value
Reduces viscosity
Longer shelf life of colorants
Table 26: Solvent based pigment concentrate with Pat-Add DA 815 based on epoxy resin
R
Raw materials TiO2 Black 4 oxide 130 oxide green blue 2796 pink E 02
PW 6 PBlk 7 PR 101 PY 42 PG 17 PB 15:4 PR 122
Millbase
Liquid epoxy resin 17.50 30.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 25.00 34.02
Reactive diluent C12-C14 19.95 36.50 18.30 19.50 16.50 25.00 28.00
Pat-Add DA 2650 - 0.30
Pat-Add DA 815 0.50 5.72 6.00 5.00 5.51 6.30 5.00
Pigment 60.00 15.00 50.00 50.00 55.00 18.00 16.00
Fumed silica 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.40 - 0.00
Letdown
Liquid epoxy resin 1.75 12.78 10.30 10.10 7.59 25.40 16.98
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
% Synergist 1.7%
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Notes
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The information given in this booklet is intended for technical guidance without obligation. Ver. 1.0