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Unit II
PHYSICAL DESIGN OF COMPUTER SUB- SYSTEMS
The purpose of physical design and integration phase is to transform the business requirements in
to physical design specifications that will guide system construction.
Usability ,
Performance
quality
Data base design is the process of producing a detailed data model of a database
Data in a structured format can easily retrievable for analysis and calculation
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
To develop the database that satisfies the information needs of today as well as of
tomorrow, it is necessary to understand the database conceptually.
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
The conceptual model independent of the user applications the H/W and the DBMS
Data analysis
Relational identity
Design process
Input devices convert what we understand into what the computer can process.
Output devices convert what the computer has processed into a form that we can understand.
Input devices
Hardware
Keyboards
Pointing devices
Scanning devices
Other devices
Input devices are hardware used to translate words, sounds, images, and actions that
people understand into a form that the computer can understand
Most common are keyboard (Key Term), mouse (Key Term), light pens (Key Term),
and increasingly voice!
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Common types
Pointing Devices provide a comfortable interface that creates machine-readable data that
can go directly to the CPU.
Pointing devices mouse, joystick (Key Term), touch screen (Key Term), light pen (Key
Term), and stylus (Key Term)
A mouse incorporates a mouse pointer (Key Term) which usually appears in the shape of
an arrow
Some mice are also equipped with a wheel button (Key Term) that can be rotated to scroll
through information
Mouse types
Mechanical mouse (Key Term) traditional type; left/right button and mouse ball;
most widely used and incorporates a mouse pad for use
Cordless mouse (Key Term) or wireless mouse (Key Term) battery powered
Trackball also referred to as a roller ball (Key Term); controls the pointer by
rotating a ball with your thumb
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Touch surfaces also referred to as touch pads (Key Term); controls the pointer
by moving and tapping your fingers on the surface of a pad
Easy to use
Scanning devices convert scanned data into a form the comptuer can process
Types
Recognizes light, dark, and colored areas that make up individual letters or
images
Types
Portable typically a handheld device that slides across the image making
direct contact. Mostly used by research students.
Card Readers interpret encoded information that is stored on debit, credit, and
identification cards
Types
Magnetic card reader (Key Term) information is stored on a thin magnetic strip
on the back of a card; is read when swiped through a magnetic card reader
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Radio frequency card reader not as common but more convenient; card has a
RFID (radio frequency identification) (Key Term) chip that is read when passed
within a few inches of a card reader
Reads bar codes or vertical zebra striped marks printed on product containers
Character and mark recognition devices are scanners that recognize special characters &
marks
MICR used by banks to read those unusual numbers on the bottom of checks
and deposit slips; read by a reader/sorter
OCR used in department stores to read retail price tags by reflecting light on the
printed characters; read by OCR devices such as wand scanners
OMR (also called mark sensing) devices sense the presence or absence of
marks, common for test scoring
Audio input can take many forms, including the human voice and music
Convert speech into digital code; most common device is the microphone; gaining in
popularity are the portable digital voice recorders used with voice recognition systems
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Webcams also referred to as web cameras are specialized digital video cameras
that capture images and send them to a computer to broadcast over the Internet
Types of output
Text
Graphics/Photos
The most widely used output devices are output devices are
Monitors
Printers
Other Devices
Monitors
Features
Resolution/pixels
Dot pitch
Refresh rate
Size
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Active-matrix monitor (Key Term) or thin film transistor (TFT) monitors (Key
Term) each pixel is individually activated
Other Monitors
eBook also called e-book readers; handheld, book-sized devices that display text
and graphics.; used to read newspapers, magazines, and entire books.
Printers translate information that has been processed by the computer and present the
information on paper
Features
Most printers use an average of 1200 dpi; the higher the dpi, the better the
quality of image produced
Color capability more expensive to print in color; usually have the option to
print in either color or b/w
15-19 pages per minute is the average for a single color page (black); 13-
15 pages per minute for color
Three major types of printers: ink-jet, laser, and thermal; most people are familiar with
these
Inkjet printers spray ink at high speed onto the surface of paper.
Laser printers similar to technology used in photocopying machine; uses a laser light
beam to produce images
Thermal printers uses heat elements to produce images on heat sensitive paper
Other Printers
Dot-matrix slow and not used much any more; poor quality but faster than some
of newer printers
Very noisy
Inexpensive
Plotters special purpose for maps, images, architectural & engineering drawings
Audio-Output Devices
Translates audio information from the computer into sounds that people can understand
Common devices
Speakers
Headphones
iPod
iRiver
Multifunctional Devices
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Combination devices include fax machines also known as a facsimile (fax) transmission
machine, multifunction devices, Internet telephones, and terminals
Multifunction devices (MFD), can combine the capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax and
copy machine
Internet telephone specialized input and output devices for receiving and sending voice
communication
Requires
Internet telephone
Internet
Sound card
Special software
Terminal is an input and output device that connects to a mainframe or a host computer
Computer-to computer
Place free phone calls when using a computer to send and also to receive via the
Internet
Place the call from a computer to a phone using an Internet phone service
provider that supplies the software for a small monthly fee and/or airtime fee
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
J Confidentiality,
J Integrity and
J Availability
also known as: Network Security, Computer Security, Information Assurance, Cyber Warfare
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