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Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15 (2015) 590 - 595

Proceda
Earth and Planetary Science
World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium, WMESS 2015
Project on Solid Waste Recycling Plant in Sakarya University
Campus
Fusun
a
Boysana1 2, igdem Ozer3, Muhammed Has3, Mehmet Murat3
Sakarya University, Faculty of Engineering, Esentepe Campus 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
Abstract
The inevitable result of life, wastes and waste management, has become a neglected issue for years; and it is time we consider the
negative influence on natural environments. Waste has increased due to the increase in population, technological development,
industrialization, urbanization, which is rapidly increasing and changing consumption, furthermore it has become an important issue
nowadays for the environment as well as the human health.
Waste management is a topic, which should be dealt with the system approach. The system approach is; waste management should
involve waste formation, collecting, processing and removal as well as energy, protection of environment, protection of sources, increase
of productivity, and employment as a whole. A system approach of waste management should deal with the removal of the waste from the
human environment and furthermore protect and improve human health. In this project, we aim to dispose Sakarya Universitys waste by
establishing a recycling plant making waste re-usable.
2015PublishedbyElsevierB.V.Thisisanopenaccess article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.Org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibilty of the Organizing Commitee of WMESS 2015.
Keywords: Solid waste; recycling; excaviation; waste managment.

1. Introduction
Materials, which have been used, are no longer wanted or are harmful to the environment, are referred to as waste. In
biology, sweat, urea and feces are also referred to as waste. Excavation waste and sewage sludge should be removed
systematically for the protection of the environment. Waste is related to human development via technological and social
development. Different kinds of waste have shown different variation time between the industrial improvement and the
materials that have been used. For example with the emergence of plastic and
2 Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 (264) 295 54 54. E-mail address: fboysan@sakarya.edu.tr
1878-5220 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-
nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibilty of the Organizing Commitee of WMESS 2015. doi:10.1016/j.proeps.2015.08.108
 Fsun Boysan et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15 (2015) 590 - 595 591

nuclear technology, new waste types have appeared. Furthermore there are also some waste types that are recycled
according to its economic value (Tchobanoglous et al. 1993; Kreith, 1999).
Types of waste according to the waste management are in the following bellow; (Kreith, 1999)
House, commercial and construction waste
Dangerous industrial waste, which threats human health
Medical waste
High level waste such as nuclear, which has a risk of exploding
Increasing amount and fluctuating composition of waste makes waste control and waste management harder as the increase
of life standards change. With the increase of pollution composed by solid waste and the related potential risks with
diminution of the natural sources, economical and other reasons make solid waste management become more complicated.
The component steps of waste management must be known well and all relations integrated. (Guerrero et al. 2013; Pankaj,
2014-2015).
The constantly increasing population, together with an advancement of the living standards, appearance and consummation
of the new products for the demands of society cause reduction in natural resources. The re-use of used package and similar
reusable waste as a source of raw material management also help the economy. Similarly, petroleum could be saved more
by recycling plastics (Pankaj, 2014-20015; Ludwig et al. 2012). It is possible to create an economical advantage and protect
the environment by collecting and recycling solid waste. The recycling of paper, cardboard, can, glass, metal, plastic, fabric
and other such materials as a source for industrial use without mixing(or separating from) organic waste will increase their
economic value. In this study, the contribution of paper and plastic waste collection and recycling has been economically
evaluated in Esentepe Campus of Sakarya University.
2. Waste management
Waste management aims to remove the waste that has been produced by the management system and reduce the influence
of the waste on the environment and economy. The shortest way to reach that goal is to naturally reduce the amount of
waste. Integrated waste management can be defined as choosing and using the correct method, technology and management
programs for a specific waste management objective. At the same time, integrated waste management is supposed to make
sure that legal procedures are fully applied. When we look at todays hierarchy of integrated waste management we can see
Fig. 1, (Guerrero et al. 2013, Ludwig et al. 2012).

Figure 1. Integrated Solid Waste Management Pyramid.

3. Plant modeling
3.1. Waste Values of Sakarya University
Quantity of Sakarya University solid waste (monthly) is shown in table 1 and percentage distribution of waste is shown in
table 2.
Table 2. Percentage Distribution ofWaste

Waste Type Percentage (%) Quantity (kg)

Paper 36336
60
Plastic 20 12112
Package 15 9084
Other 5 3028
Table 1. Quantity of Sakarya University Solid Waste (Month).
Quantity (Month) Quantity (Month) kg
Building kg Building
Ml 1000 F. P. A. 1800
M2 600 Foreign Language 1800
M3 2300 Science Literature 2 1300
M4 1300 Technology Faculty 9000

M5 2200 Central Cafeteria 7000

592 Fsun Boysan et al. / Proceda Earth and Planetary Science 15 (2015) 590 - 595

M6 1300 Conservatory 1000

M7 1700 Fine Art 1300
M8 2300 Rectorate 1000
Science Literature 3500 Student Service 1000
F. B. A. 12000 Hotel 500
Library 1 1680 Houses 1500
Library 2 1080 College 1500
Other 900

Figure 2. Solid Waste Management System.

3.2. Plant size
While choosing the size for the plant, Package Waste Control regulations article 28 has been used for the interior of the
plant. In Figures 1 and 2 Plastic-Cardboard and plastic plans are shown as two alternatives.
 Fusun Boysan et al. d Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15 (2015) 590 - 595 593

Figure 3. Plastic-Paper Recycling Plant Plan.

Figure 4. Plastic Recycling Plant Plan.

3.3. Financial analysis of the Plant

Financial analysis values and income-outcome tables are given in the following below

3.4. Paper and Plastic Recycling Income Outcome Tables

Table 3. Paper Investment Costs.
Investment Costs (TL) Table 4. Paper Income Outcome Table.

Machinery 700.000 Income (TL/Year) Outcome(TL/Y ear)

Forklifts 30.000 Electricity 192.562
Garbage Truck 100.000 Water 10.000
Land Value 400.000 Engineer 30.000
Other Outcome 100.000 Technician 20.400
Total 1.330.000 Worker (5 workers) 72.090

Truck maintenance, gasoline 20.000

Forklift maintenance, gasoline 15.000
Paper Sale 72.672
Total 72.672 360.052
Table 5. Plastic Investment Costs.

Investment Costs (TL) Table 6. Paper Income Outcome Table.

Machinery 100.000 Income (TL/Year) Outcome(TL/Y ear)

594 Fsun Boysan et al. / Proceda Earth and Planetary Science 15 (2015) 590 - 595

Forklifts 30.000 Electricity 31.873

Garbage Truck 100.000 Water 10.000
Land Cost 400.000 Engineer 30.000
Other Outcome 100.000 Technician 20.400
Total 730.000 Worker (5 workers) 72.090

Truck maintenance, gasoline 20.000

Forklift maintenance, gasoline 15.000
Paper Sale 529.900
Total 529.900 199.363
3.5. Profit-Loss Account
3.5.1. Paper Recycling Profit Loss Account
Investment costs for paper-recycling plant is 1.330.000 TL. Besides that, there is a management outcome of 360.000 TL a
year. Yearly income is 72.000 TL. Yearly net profit is:
72.000 - 360.000 = -288.000 TL.
Since recycling paper is attested to be unprofitable, it was decided that it should not be made. Paper can be sold to other
companies for 150 TL per ton.
36.336x150x10 = 54.504 TL.
There will be a yearly profit.
3.5.2. Plastic Recycling Profit Loss Account
Investment costs for paper-recycling plant is 730.000 TL. Besides that there is a management outcome of 199.363 TL a
year. Yearly income is 529.900 TL. Yearly net profit is:
29.900 - 199.363 = 330.537 TL.
3.5.3. Taxes and Depreciation Account Total income is:
Profit of plastic recycling + profit of paper waste 330.537 + 54.504 = 385.041.
If we include taxes:
385.041x0,8 = 308.033TL. Depreciation value is
730.000
= 2.3 year.
rno nil s
4. Conclusions
Disposal of solid waste is becoming an important topic and the materials that can be recycled or re-used must be evaluated.
In addition, recycling paper and plastic, can contribute to the economy by reducing the needs of raw materials. Sakarya
Universitys plan to recycle plastic and paper has been reviewed. According to the studies Sakarya University will cancel
the paper recycling plant as studies show that the volume of waste at the campus is low. Only a plastic recycling plant will
be designed.
Primarily, campus waste amount is identified. Machinery selection, working space size according to this machinery, storage
space size and whole plant were modeled according to this waste amount.
The capacity of the plant and machinery is designed in small because the Campus does not have much waste as there is no
population increase expected at the university, this modeling effect of increase in population has been neglected.
Reducing the amount of waste to the storage area, increasing the lifetime of the storage area, saving the sources of raw
material and energy, reducing the cost amount for carrying and storage of solid waste are the best-known benefits for
recycling plants according to financial analysis.
One of the development criteria for countries is the rate of recycling. This needs intensive education for recycling. Research
has shown that the social consciousness is not of a satisfactory level even amongst educated people. Opportunities for
collecting containers, glass, paper and are not efficiently used. Education and information on recycling should be made
widely accessible to create a social consciousness. This recycling plant will be used for training and educational purposes
for the students studying at Sakarya University.
Reference
1. Christensen,T.H.,2010, Solid WasteTechnology & Management,Volume 1&2
2. Guerrero, L.A., Maas, G., Hogland, Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries, Waste Management, Volume 33, Issue 1,
January 2013, Pages 220-232
3. Kreith, F.,.Handbook of solid waste management, McGraw-Hill,. cl999. 1 v.: 24 cm.
4. Ludwig, C., Hellweg, S., Stucki, S., Municipal solid waste management: strategies and technologies for sustainable solutions, 2012
5. Pankaj, V.P., Sustainable model of Plastic waste management, International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: 0974-
4290 Vol.7, No.01,pp 440-458 2014-2015
6. Tchobanoglous, G., Theisen, H., Vigil, S. Integrated solid waste management: engineering principles and management issues. 1993