Polynomials What You'll Learn * Recognize, write, describe, and classify polynomials. Represent polynomials using tiles, pictures, and algebraic expressions. Add and subtract polynomials. Multiply and divide a polynomial by a monomial Why It’s Important Polynomials are used by + homeowners to calculate mortgage and car payments ‘* computer technicians to encode information, such as PIN numbers for ATM. machines and debit cards Key Words term monomial variable term binomial constant term trinomial variable simplify a polynomial coefficient of the variable like terms polynomial unlike terms degree of a polynomial _ distributive propertyp 5.1 Skill Builder Modelling Expressions — We can use algebra tiles to model an expression. ‘One © represents +1. One Ml represents —1 One ES represents any variable, such as x or n. One SEINE represents —x or —n. There are 2 CRED, Sm Theeist @ They represent 2x. SST itrepresents So, the tiles represent the expression 2x —1 We can use any letter as the There are 3 GHEE = There are2 bel I = So, the tiles represent the expression —3a + 2. They represent —3a, They represent +2. Check 1. Which expression does each set of tiles represent? a) =e b =e Ca] s >) zo eet ) —— as =O a 2. Sketch algebra tiles to model each expression. a)s+4 b) 55-3 ©) -4n+5 4) -6w-1D 5.1 Modelling Polynomials EIEEY Model, write, and classify polynomials. Some expressions contain x? terms. | We use [I 10 represent x2 We use, El to represent —x? For the expression 4x? + 3x — 1 BEE ‘When the variable is n, the tile i called the n?-tile. ee 2 + ae- 4 Variable terms Constant term In the term 3x, the variable is x and the coefficient of the v ax coefficient variable ‘An algebraic expression like this one is also called a polynomial. Example 1 | Modelling Polynomials with Algebra Tiles Use algebra tiles to model each polynomial a) -41 eee a) To represent —422, use 4 ES b) To represent 2n, use 2 GEE To represent —5, use 5Check 1. Sketch algebra tiles to model each polynomial. a) 3 b) 2x+3 @) 2e? -e+2 d) -32 + 2d-5 Example 2 | Recognizing the Same Polynomials in Different Variables Which of these polynomials can be represented by the same algebra tiles? a) 22+ Ie 4 b) 4 + 2b? - 7b © 75-4425? Solution Select the tiles that match each term, a) 22 + 7x-4 =a ERIN Uti OQ 75-4428 The variable used to name a tile does not matter. In parts a and c, the same algebra tiles are used Since 2x? + 7x ~ 4 and 7s — 4 + 2s? can be represented by the same tiles, the expressions represent the same polynomial The order in which the terms are written does not matter.oN 1. Which of these polynomials can be represented by the same algebra tiles? a) 3s? -25+5 b) 5-3a?-2a ©) -2c+ 5-37 ‘The same tiles are used in parts and So, and represent the same polynomial There are different types of polynomials, depending on the number of terms. The degree of a polynomial tells you the greatest exponent of any term. Type Number of Terms | Example ‘Model Degree Monomial | 1 22 =2n ‘A constant term has degree 0. Binomial | 2 P43 | ‘Amonomial | has 1 ype of te A binomial has 2 different types of ties. 2a-1 ane 1 | fl ' tL | ee bee ll | L | | 5 aa eaeED lgagee 2 Renate | I of tes@ An algebraic expression that contains a term with a variable in the denominator, such as 2, or the square root of a variable, such as /n, is not a polynomial. bce 1. Sketch algebra tiles to model each polynomial. a) e+6 b) P-y +3 ©) -2m? + 3m—-4 d) 22+ 5x44 2. Is the polynomial a monomial, binomial, or trinomial? a) -7t b) 8c? +7 9 +55-6 a) at 12 e) -15 The polynomial has __ The polynomial has The polynomial has __ The polynomial has The polynomial has 3. Name the degree of each polynomial. term, 50 it is a __ terms, so it isa terms, so it isa — terms, so itis a term, so itis a a) 5a? - 3a +6 The termwith the greatest exponent is Sa, b) 4b ~6 ©) 40 - 3d a) -4 It has exponent So, the polynomial has degree The term with the greatest exponent is, thas exponent So, the polynomial has degree ‘The term with the greatest exponent is thas exponent So, the polynomial has degree —4 can be written as —4x—. So, the polynomial has degree4. Write the polynomial represented by each set of tiles. a) Use the variable f. aa" b) Use the variable n. ae ©) Use the variable p. TTT i 5. Choose a set of tiles from question 4. Write another polynomial that can be represented by the same set of tiles. 6. Identify the polynomials that can be represented by the same set of algebra tiles. a) 4 3x-1 ae b) 42 -5r+9 ) 9+ 42-52 a) as+143 Parts___and __use the same algebra tiles. So, and both represent the same polynomial