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INTRODUCTION
Kicker
Kicker was used to keep formwork vertically when constructing column. Kicker
height is 100mm and constructs by using concrete on top of the slab whatever
structure with same dimension of the column or wall.
The concrete kicker helps to keep formwork vertically and more accurately,
special for columns. This kicker is helpful to construct a column or wall easily.
Constructed Kickers
Column Formwork
The boards internal dimensions should be equal to the external dimensions of the
column. Timber or steel struts can be used as supports. The struts should be able to
resist the vibration and pressure during concreting.
The sides of the box were screwed firmly together by using tie bolts. Tie bolts
were rods of about 10mm diameter, which hold the formwork in place. The ends
of the rods were threaded and steadily screwed by using nuts. The important thing
to check whether the required dimensions were in the inner profile of the column
After erecting the column formwork, jacks were provided to support the four sides
of the formwork to avoid any movement. These jacks were provided at four sides
of the formwork to adjust and to obtain the verticality of the column box.
To check the verticality of the column box we used plumb-bobs hang down from
an anchor and a tri square. We measured the distance between outer side of the
plywood board and string of the plumb bob at the top and bottom of the plywood
After checking the verticality of the column boxes concreting was carried out.
Beam Formwork
A beam formwork consists of three side boards which are supported by cross
members of 2x2. Timber which is propped to the underside of the beam bottom.
Beam bottom were made to required length using plywood sheets, (2 x 2) timber
and GI pipes.
After the required elevation given for beam bottom, it was placed on the columns
in correct position .then, it was supported by pipe jacks and timber post at suitable
intervals.
Building construction Technology Prepared by: S.L.A.Shajith Page 4
Then the sideboard of the beams can be erected to required height. When we place
the beam bottom the horizontal level of it was checked by using spit level.
After laying scaffolding or pipe supports, (4x 4) timber flanks were placed over
the U jacks which were placed on scaffolding frame or pipe supports. Then 2
GI pipes were laid over the (4 x 4) timber joints.
After completing the leveling of GI pipes, plywood sheet were laid over the GI
pipes with the help of the (2x 2) timber and (2 x 4) timber, which was at the
edge of the side board.
Slab Formwork
When we finished the slab formwork, the level of slab panels may not be in
required level or not same in all the places. Some panels may go upward some
may gone downward from their correct level.
If the slab panel was gone upward it was pulled downward and if the slab
panel was gone downward it was lifted to the correct level by using adjustable
props. Therefore by using engineering level the required level was checked
The height between soffit to soffit levels was 3450mm and 1000mm 0ff from
the floor level. It was used to transfer the level to the top slab. The instrument
was placed at suitable place to see 1000mm off line and it should be placed to
cover more area.
Then instrument was levelled and first reading of staff was taken when it
was at the 1000mm off line and that reading was taken as x mm. Then staff
was placed inversely on the bottom of plywood and the level was checked
whether correct or not by comparing calculated value and measured value.
If measured value was higher than the calculated value, the slab panel pulled
downward. If measured value was less than the calculated value, the slab
panel had to be lifted upward. Above procedure was used to adjust the slab
panel. The calculated value can be found as shown below.
x- First Reading
y- Calculated value [3450-1000-x-150-10
Slab (150mm depth) = (2285-x)]
10 mm thick
plywood
Inverted Staff
y
Staff
x
Line of Collimation
Building construction Technology Prepared by: S.L.A.Shajith Page 7
1000mm
Formwork and its supports should maintain their correct position, correct
shape and profile so that the final concrete structure is within the limits of
the dimensional tolerance specified.
The formwork was capable of being dismantled and removed from the cast
concrete without shocks disturbance or damage.
Formwork was designed to provide sufficient but not excessive strength and
rigidity.
Formwork was cleaned and oiled after using.
Removal of Formwork
Building construction Technology Prepared by: S.L.A.Shajith Page 8
Vertical surface formwork such as column & wall form work, beams side boards could be
removed at early stage. But soffit form work of beams & slabs could not be removed until
the concrete reaches a sufficient strength to support its self weight and any other loads
transferred. The minimum period for removing formwork for ordinary Portland cement
without admixtures is shown on the following table.
Slab formwork
Formwork for
Columns