n

{i
I
14 JouRNAr, R.A.s. (cEyr,oN). [Yol. XXI-IIL fi No. 73.-1g20.] cnnnuo\irAT, soNGS or .rrrr srNrr.{LESE l5

i \-jslrrru. Natha. Surrr:rrr, Iiulrr.lg.;q111x, pattini

ale
i as Guardiirn Deities rvielclin-g
d 'ecog'iiizerd
influence-- -ternples are speciallv de,iicatea *r;"to";;; ;;
CEREMONIAIJ SONGS OF THE SINHALESE to these gods.
GUARDIAN SPIRITS (DEYA) A:yiyanal,alra, (*anesha or. pulleyar,
Uuolul".
The present paper is a continuation of tlie notes Karnbili, Devol, ancl I)eclirnuntla, lle propitiated in
dealing rvith the literatule of the Sirihalese. I have various disiricts as iiaving po\ver, and irrflrienie
in parti_
alreadv contributed to t,he jourrral of the Royal Asiatic ,culair parts of the countrv.
Socieb-v pal)ers orr :- Dervata Banilara,
I)ramatic Literature, _fiiti Banclar.a, Ganga Bantlara,
Mahasen, Gajabahu, Kirtisinha,, Sri trVicra",rna, Snlil.u_
Meclical Literature, mara, flandari, NilaS,.odaya are kings autl chiefs,
r.ho
Popular Poetry, ancl are deified as exer:cising. goo4 ancl evil i'fluerrce
;r";;;
Ceremonial ' Songs connected lrith Planetary the people and to lrhose spirits offer.ings ale rnnde.
One
Spirits (Bali). of the songs giving a clescription of sri wickrarrro"nlu
I propose to deal rvith another branch of cerernonial song's Sinrha, the last king of Ce5rlon, adds a nerv
4eity, a
in this paper, r'iz:-Songs connected rqit'h Guardian Desed,eui'yo, meaning a foreign spirit that
succeedecr iir',- -'
Spirits or Devr. Ferhap's refening to the ts"iti*h o""opation X""ay.
The Qeremonial Songs of the Sinhalese ale volu- llt Qe:c orr:d dO +gC oOgc S "f
O
minous and are mostly comrnitted to memory by those !t06. oee:lo ooo cr:aJrrr g)5 O
who recite thern and some of the songs are prall5' harriletl 6rrpd" cgoct a. e dd eB@&.
o
e:a;d. zsr@O q,go$ dcj oJoee
down from generation to gerreration, others are fould in O
books v.ritten on palm leaves carefully prbserveil in the The chiefs of the foru' clivisions having Lebelle,l
F_roughl the enerrry,s army to tfre Cii,.
villages, a few have been printecl in recent times. The 1\o,fnendly,spirit was oliorvn to that'prjnce.
Indian Antiqtiary in 1916 published an abstmct anil a ^ro [nrouglr anrnrosrt;- he tras scnt into exilp-
list of books of Ceremonial Songs of the Sinhalese, rvhicir ll2 OcesO@rrJ oarcq goo:e OO ooj
o{ccd@rJ oq6-O.O@ ro5rr}
are in the British Museum Collectio:r' This collection docc ao-:coOS @O gq o,s:esgrrJ
o,:rJ
consists of 439 boohs written on palm leaf. These books o{ore^:rrJ O.E og8
oo-j
rilere acquired by the British Museum from the Trustees
O-zrJzi: OerJ 6\6J
Of all languages Sinhalese rvords are the irest.
of the Estate of the late Hugh NeviIIe, of the Ce5'16n 11 ..spn'rt rras ar.r.rved fr.om for.cign -""*"'
\\-hat I am uuering is no Seer"l. lands.
Civil Service, ll ho had collected them in the villages 'l lrere lool( at lhe
spilit who is come fr.om aiar..
mostly in the North Central Province. ft 'is to be
The''cer:emonial songs and ofierings maclc.
regretted that a complete collection of these books is not to guardian
spirits are described in ttetail irr the ilook..
found in any of the libraries in Ceylon. Each spir.it
has his particular form, has speciar
The guardian spirits recognizeil by the Sinhalese i"n.;""" over certain
districts, and has his own symboJs autl ornaments,
canL be classed under three heads:- an<i
special priests and offerings.
(a) Spirits possessing great power and influence'
(b) Spirits whose influence is limited and confined to .,Yi._hl" is recogni,,ed as ilie special guardian gorl
of" the
definite localities, fsland. Ilis rnain temple was located at Devun_
dara (DontJra). rle has a splciai nicrre
(c) Spirits of departeil personages who exercised {o" himserf i'
rnost of the Buddhist Temples, ancl
influe:rce over the people during their lives. there is a muclr
l(; .roriR,\"\r,, n..\.s. (cnrr,oN). [\tol. XXYIII" No. 73.-11)20.1 cl^nuoNt,tl soN(:;s oF :.rr' srNlr^lT,nsE 17
venelatecl Sattdal rvoorl imag'e of this Deva in the llocli Z egu:o oOa:r qgacO zoQd o,r:-J
Temple at Dambull.a. 'Ihe arr-,ierlt cltronit'Ies state that fg oeldelroc fo!:o 0g'6g oq ard
Orgo.olg g,zac ogcOO es".g1 ;id5
Plince lrijava, rn'ho fourtcled tlie Sirilralese Nation' rvas 5tg QOooror o@@C ryrr- !.VO ozrJ
o,rr3
1n'otected by Vishrnr. 'il.re lrol t.r'ilrl god lta,lir.a
Irrs rix far,*s.
'llre follorving lrerses, selecteil from a large number \ ;ctol rous lre tlt'r,rrglr
,asL r.l*r'ls Las tlro gl.r.r- of tlrc Ir.iglrt
moon.
of Cerernonial Songs sung in honour of Yishnu, give a \\ itlr lris r.isltt lrrn,l I,e lrrs.\hr)\\r) gt,ert
l'lre iteavenl' lrouels,
fail descriptiou of hiIn. o.r od gotl or It,rl,,rir:r.-1,;;,;,i,:";-
u ir Ir r our.
on tltis flor.a.l ,seat.
i
36 qgOOar 6OxJ gtJut es68O rsrd c, .t
5 + tnf ?i o{Oorsrrfio qdo.6 O 'r.p{cl.r(.o
qgOoS d<t grrJo:rJ @a dgc (]l .t
@96 EO @qf gg?r,O O,g'@ 9gr 6
6
6eOd o{O d"trrJ .R6etC q et I erggC qrr8o 6x>aq OCaz&-A"dO
s
ozsrJg or,a2O 6eJd o@OC oa;rrlO O.O Ct ?s
j CCgd Od argzrJ pOe .q-a"b gqrg 6
\\'earirrg the lovely golden borv, lI,.,is ar',r'irirrg u irlr lris Bag ,,l' .\rrrr.a t.rrr,.
\\-irose glolious light is seen all round, n n.l seatorl on Irrs pr.:rr.or.k lro look. orr
With blue tintetl goillS- aura of fiet'y tongtres, tlllt i l,e llor.al ,1fl.n1.i11us,
He Ji"l.r:i,t" .;,;;;ir.*,',oi.fI,f
l,s55q,5.1l11urrgl, 'r,,,r
O Yishnu! deign to honour us n'itli voul' plesence in bhis flolal il flol ers-t blesrings r.
trr,.rnu.: rlrowe's
borver. -1rd Jte.e offe. to t'e god flo.n,ers, perfumes antl ltetel
'.e lea'es.
'i7 66e gCd' o{006.6 69 I m$O S
Tlre Guardian Slrii,it NatL:r is ilre g.od of Kelanil,a
:gd1g SdsJ gge,Q S8o:"Jc\bJ r:q 6\?t q J'r'irrcipalitv. Ile is a r,ler-a in the Trisita lreaven
autl orre
gd1.9 9 @6dcgr @6fer05d oor- E who aspires to be, a futrile llucldha. The plincipal
l{atha
Ed.g +.s- eslo oric4gc OFrrJ Ed@ oo a der-ala is at,ple..errt sitrrated in I{arrr1y.-
\\-earing the golden ctori'n, the godly olrraments, and the blue I
tinted dless. 7 qrg.4irpouj a6S"d 66 .oem e,d6 a O
\\'ith tlre goltlen l'orv in 'otlt l'ol'et{ttl lrirtt'l'
Arrd carr'f ing the golden-genr galland in the.r iglrl .harrrl.
pal ecoAo oOgc idO o,::r*otgs,3 E O
{ Oirl.61 OCc loe@Oe oj o,a$O
Oii pou'er:ful"Vishnl. ascejtt1 roiri' garuda' biltl antl honour us rvith q*n$ 6G o'tolr O
J OUr presence. I
OcecSoJ O@;:;-.ee OqJog- orO {)
i*,'.1s1,t"lra ncl.. I lre st u, lLle, I I,ot,
Next cornes the gocl c,rf l(ataragnnta, t'lto is identifie'l
I
I rI]i..!:.1,,,:.
rus(,t \'.utg""1
-t
.
llel srgtr\ frorrr 'l'risitirsorr
lr,,ir r.,,rr_
l',1)relgtng ltl\e h llruOlt tlrrrrr:Illr ;r cloU,l
,l
rrith Skanda or Siva $'olship. I'totrr llre Sorttlrnln g:rto x111j 11.1.ir.r,,t ,lro
Jl6r,rrl trr.clr.
The temple of Katar:rgama, situatecl near the Menick d I
i err?D ?bt.e ,6gJ c;adqO iicco soo 46
Ganga in the South Eastern division of the Island, has $
gr: o.egrJ ore c8.df O;crojOr co .s6
been dedicated to this l-olship from ver-v early tirnes. ! rpla: zoerO egoOaJa-lO g!566 ]lils) 6o
d
TJrere appears to have existecl here an inCepenclertt { :;rrr:todO rJdu.: .ciqr5 rqsgiso,Jal e ot
4 ll,.irrg ilr clra.g" oi tlre I(,1\ot,Kolanirrr (,itr .l
plirrcipalitv eyen dnlirg the tirne of tlie eali"-l Sinhalese' Srrbdrrirrs the -,,r.il r,,,,.ii* 1,1..i1*f , i;i_ .1,:rrrli;r,
*1ir:;.;;r'r',,,,,,'.,:.,
liings. A lepleseritative Prilce frorn Iirtaragama was' Tl;^irrg attainerl tlrd 1,e'rr,i.'i,,n rrr
a urr,r,rrrn
rreclrrre rt r Irtll'e
present, accorcliug to Mahavansa anil othel Chronicles, at . nBP'
1'he great ,Tet-el Nailra god is an.iving
from heaven,
tlie planting of the Rodhi tree at Anuraclltapura.
The god of Kataragarna is describecl as ha'r'inpi six -_ Surnan l)eviyo is tlie tleifierl spilit of the brotlrer
of
heails anrd twelve arms. Ra'r'ana is described as ten-headed. n.ho r-anquished llrvarr" ood tlre Ralisliasha
frr",o of
It may be that the merrtiol o{ iieacls meant clowns and a, r,lt DI(u .

riistinctior that rvas taken by liirrgs at the time in , FIis plirrciinl teriiple is situatecl il Sabarag.anrll\\ra,
:rr-iri lie is the specirl Grrald,iaii Spirit
accoldarce I'ith their conquests. of S._orol" p.ol.
18 \ JouRNAr,, R.A.s. (cEYr,oN). [1'or,. XX\IIII- l{o. 7:J.-1920.1 cnnnuriNrAl sol{cs oF T}rE srNrrAr,ESE lg

of Sabarag'arnu\\:a. IIis tll<en trvelve thousaud captives from Ceylon, along with
(Adarns Peah) and the district
vehicle is a l.hite Elephant.
sorne of the most valued Ruddliist relics. The captives
were employed in builcling tanks in the Solian Country.
? ee@rlg (,rC araA.eo @O 6o:od ogSo aJ
King Gajabahu, rvhen he came to the throne of Ceylon,
oo@alJ go: 6or)rQ '8'5o'al'-:omc8 5J
S8'.56 $-esO;i oqA;q es.zSo& +5r6\c0 b-J
tooh an expedition to Soii conrmanded br. his g"o""ui
t8"-ro: ar6 &t;,a{ @O 6ll:o& eroarc$ ?tJ Nila and defea,ting. the Solian l<ing brought back tlr.oty-
Tlie ('lod who tlu'r:lls alwar-s ott tire perli ,,f Samana'Ia, four thousand captives aurl the Rutldliisl relics. and also
Ar,,l rvolsl,il,s t'itb adolrtiorr the noltle footplint (of the Brr'ldlra l brought the adored relic of the Soliaus, the anklet
Tlrc masiet' of 1'rospelitr', t.lrc go'lh .liirrg Saman u ltose ruat' ts
undispute of the goddess'rost
PLittini, atrd iritrocluced the cuit among the
Is always plea.sctl to protect 5'ou flom evil, Sirrliaiese.
13 d<tEgA 6,ot6o.o,d 6'stgg w5a '{)
59 6prJ qoloOo e,crJtrpOzJ oed ucqlcqopOg ooJ
d.o}oedecd d"at;qo geata ocod qd6 t;r obJ
6.OrrJ ecg0rr} d.oco.6 6g9rr} SSezoe .zo$S
8.6cC?tJ $s625t 6\(trrio ?od os"JJ {tq g ?t)
dzri orcOg qado e6., og8ge glq G\g ?J)

I)eclied in goiden \l-eapons) goltlen 1,ori s Nllrl alro-ws' -

rsdrrlqrrJereo oq@6 zoaoerozrl erolqod *.JG*li?S :g
And by gdlden iesab golden :rnd peall umbrella,- o@Ocrj esQgd 4oo:.6 @rozl.O .o:rOO 6O.:rrt oq.rrJ .ui
surrou-nclecl
\\'ittr the sound of fiie liincls of music arrtl drums an<l the blorving He seizcd ihe sao.ed bou-l r.elic, the vener.a{,ion of uhiclr l*acls
of shells sallation (Nirvana) to
Ifere n'e plepal'e the seai of gems of florvels as an ofieting to him. 1'he gern studded anlilet the hing br.ought au.ay to Sri Lanlra for
oflering thnces and soor..]
Next rve corne to tJre gocldess Pattini, who holttrs And brorglrt seyen Irrrrrtlr.pd Tirnril poems
rl rrLten ?yq ili"".tlrousanrl
rn gr.antha
s\r-a)' over the rnirrtls of the Sinlialese as no other letter.s.
Tal<ing-all these io tho sea coast polf he
g'ualdiall spirit does. Sire is tlie lieroine of hundreds of fleet. "qet sail u.ith the great

ballads arrcl sorrg's. has dedicated to her nulnerous

'theSlie 56 eeSoa,J qei8ero E8r:J 6cpOc o.,orrJOc do:rr2
temples all over Island both iri the Silhalese and es5-oaj oqE g3r: eoguJ 6o01 5e oes:s: oqOog
o.J

Tarnil Districts. She is the central figure of many ;

frfod,aJoog es56 egO gqeorg d6a: O:o,crt eO 6J
cerbmonies and is consiclered to be the protector of the d,6 o@orslg6 oeonrecgerrJ ozrJ66 oqgo6 @od ,rJ
weak, tire sick, ancl the infinn. I[er ornarnent, the He invited the Rahat monrrs ancl had them to recite the doctrines
anklet, is helci in great "r'eDelation anal hel officiating . three times a week,
And another',weeli he got'the story of fhe goclcless recited to him
priests har-e irt rnanY irtsta,nces heen fernales, though at rrom tne I amrl poems.
the preserit tirue, tlie ofliciating priests are mostly fi1sn Irlom that.day it is lirown ofielings \\.ere nrade t,o the godcless
Pattini.'
r,r'ho for the time replesent $,-omen. The games of Oh good Patt,ini goddess, bestol. on us the prosper.ity of h6aven.
Ankeli;'a (lrornpuiling) and Pol heiiya (coconqt throt'-
ing), at one time so popltlal' among the Sinhalese, are held Tlle lvorship of Pattini is done both at tlie temples
irr honoul of tlie gticldess Pattini. These games and tlie
(Kovila) dedicated to her and at cer.emonial dances
speciaily g,ot up in her honour. Her iife st,ory is acted
songs, ballads ard ceremorries connected n'ith them have
been describecl iu several tr)apei's contributerl to the to music, dancing and songs, ancl oifelings axe rnade to
the anklet.
iournal of the Society.
The Stor,;' o{ Pattini is given in
In the Ttrrnil distlicts she is knolvn as Kanya or man1. books and
sorlgs. fn Tamil it is given in ihe Kovilari and the
virgin. 'f-he cult of the rvorship of Pattini is beiieved to tr{anirna'kala. The story in the Sinhalese tliflers in cer_
have beeu introcluceil frorn Soli (Taniore) bv King Gaja-
l-rthu. A Soliatr 1<ing liatl invacleil the Island and had
taiu details frorl that giren iu the'lamil books.
20 JoultNAL, t,.,!.s. (cEyr,oN). lYor. XX\IIII. l\o. ?3.-1920.] cnnnuoNrAr, soNGS ot .rr.rn srNr{rrr,Es1, 2L

Leaving the rniraculous happening.s the siurple story 1g that he is sad of shrine as he is not able to meet lris clebt
that of a u.ife, n'ho undern'ent liarilship for the salie of a'd had beeri h.'riliated, pattini felt tlie li.miliation
a weah unfaitlrful husbarid. of he. h.sband as her own and offered rrim her
Pa.ttili rvas bolrr ir the citv of tri.adura and, when anklet vhich she inherited frorn hel infancy, 'a].able
and bid
ari infant, 'n'as placeel iri a boat and sent acli.ift irr the hirn sell it and pay his tlebts.
liver; along rvith tlie infant rvas placed a valuable gemset following \:er.ses give a descriptiori of ilro
_ _'Ihe
ornament, an anklet. The ilfant wrs foun,tl and rescued irnklet:-
by the wi{e of a ricli rnelchant in Soii. She las adoptetl 89 6ersrg ooOodcF o:ra@eS qoco
I g
by the rrrercharrt's rvife as a dauglrter and was tr.eated t.
it
ogc8orerJzsr cogf E8qri qeom g
with every hindness anri alfection. She grew to be a i zsrCaJn:doorrl Oozsrrogied qmco g
handsome and jovelv rnaiden and rr'as rnarried ir.r due Qgri esgO 613 cnr:l@d Qro$ A
llholc ale t.at's-er.os [o l]re valrro of lor.tv_llrorrsnn,l,
time to Piilanga, the handsorne son of a rich mercliant. {
Arrd r.uIries of tri.entl-llrln" It,nur"uoa".
The husbald arrd n'ife lir.ed happily for ir time. Ilorl,ever", Uold to tlre lalrre of eleverr blrousanrl
And the topridge of tho anlilet i;.'l;l'tt. ilrousa,ntl.
Pa,langa, on, a vjsit to a, dancing exhibition in a neigh-
bouring city, fell into tlre cornpanfr o{ a dancing gir.}. 9() ddoelE Org ge e:dg s\Qqbco g
OOArq @6ge 6\q6\ror{n oQqoco g
Ile neglectecl his u.ife antl spent his life in clissipation. geedoJorderor:J 0oro:ogr*l qmce
66 SSnJ gg?tJ OoC O1q ror.J s'uJ g{Ed ozocrr:Org @r&3?bJ 6,qqs)cc
E
ccgrd gOE oro:gf 86Qo crrrJ oaJ
_ E
ser in golcl are n,orth tri,o thousantl,
OA6J gtg6J oco.6 cold$ <r:z;J e'aJ
f,fi']:,:id""gr.al
lne rulys o! and pearls are ryorth tx'o thousanil
'lhelc_rs gold_g9nis_
to the value of eler.en tlrousanrl.
6,tprrJ oorocozsJ Cer@, BEorJ o'sJ And the gerrrs set in the fr.orrt spire is rr,,r.ilr trr.r, llrrrrs;r n,i.
(She) dressed in firre and sofl, r'obes
Antl using scented oils. sandal arrd per.trrrrrcs, 9l 9OO,e 9g6d erQqQoes
@r6uJ E
Anrl der'ltcrl in nohlo and r.nstl-r'gnlnrerrLs.
lYiblr airrrs and amLilions far'-r:caclring.
6O_ogo2s1x61O Sq E8qrrJqeoco A
ccg@.@o:o o,o^l @.tflzsl 6\qQa:rl g
67 ccOo orocOg @dl o,rrrJ$ 8H @, qcqqfer,a-Jn: qO drrl gOqcoes g
eOzr rrl6;e dd dglzo gQ @t l.t:: arounrl are ryorrtr trvo ttrorrsald,
o,qq?r @\qqzn @*) eeg0 oOQ I lre :lttlil:s,sbudded
pealls tn tlle L$.o ellds :rr.e.tror.LIr
ffJ 'l-lr" gcrrrs_on tlre r.lasp are rror.tlr brr. trrt,lrt-r_Llrr.r,r. Llrnrt5nrrrl,
oOrn ogecO eo,d$ orO$o fft Ilro golrl lining inside is nor.fh
tl,o,rsan,i,
IIer ears n'ere decked in gern-studdccl ornarnents, ti,";.;;,1.
99 "igt,r
4er foleireatl a,rrcl lace rveie pairrtecl irr goltlerr
The knees and a,r'ms were or-.namenterl irr gem-studded barrgles,
o@d gaC EE e":e0 OOrrJ orrJ
I)eclied in this llanner she sta,r.tecl her d:rnees. USOrrJ dOaO qCar.6 orrj o,aJ
@goorC6 o66:rJ eeqErrJ oirJ
Palarrg.a neg,leciecl his rvife and iived in the gav s,OS O.rJr:c at@ QerrJ
corupany of the tlancing g'irl spending his wealth lavishly.
_
)\_lrrr.sLahrl. llre ir rr,klet is,,nril, all tlris rronc.\.,
s,rrJ

His lovirrg ryife ho$'ever nevel clranged hel love ar.rd
de"r.otion to lrim. She was ever indulgent. Ile came to
ler florn tirne to time antl got a1l the rvealtli she pos-
sessed, rvhich he wasted in lris nervllr found cornpany.
-When
he had no rrole rnolev to spend, the clancing girl
irisulted and taunted him rvith his poverty, antl tlemardecl
money he had lost to her iu g'arnirling'. Ile returned
home sacl ancl on his beirg questioned lie told his n-ife
lrl.(q.tt to-urry corrntr.J J.ou c:rn.
Get ils valrre ns you jci'r',,,
Arrtl pay tJre tlanr.ing gill (arrtl retleeni your ironour).
?he arrklet \vas a vuluable one arrd it l-as taken bv
Palarrga to the Citv of Madura for sale ther.e if pnr.ible
to tlie hirrg so thnt he miiy obtaiu a fair .,-al.rc,. At
Nadura, the g.oldsmitli to v,horn he tool< it for val'ation
cheated liim arrd orr his threaterrilg to complain i,o the
hirrg, tht-' golclsrnith fb'erstalletl him and tooir ilre alklet
 liij i
ii
22 rouRNAL, R.A.s. (cEyr,oN). [\ror,. XXIIII- No. 73.-1920.1 cnnnuoNrAr, soNGS orr rrljl sINII'lr,ESE 23
1,,L,l
,
to tlie liing ald accriseil Palang'a as a thief rvho hatl .f 5l a66d goec orrj
i'tl @o'ro @

stolen it fronl the king's householcl. The queen,, holr'- gzo@O Ooco EG eeQ orrj
ever, denied that it belonged to her, but tlie golrlsmith ?tJ oesies osrrEq q o:rJ

u-as cunning enough to suggest to the king that the' @6f@q @oo E6 aQ s,rJ

queen was in love rvith the hanilsorne man and hacl given " Ah, my golden lord,
Oh my husband, my sollo\i' is intense
him the ankle,t. The king, rvithout further inquiry, Is tLis t lre pleasrtle yott notr ettjor',
0h mv husbancl god of love.
olderecl the mau io be belieaded.
137 agcO es5$g et6 d$ ozrJ 55 c\6l5z,)56 Oq zoCO a-'1a8
,OOo.or oO egO q orrj ezo<E6OiO OrrJq a:"68
oeec6. Egfgc @16t or1 o'ed 63eeg @od es@cr 6+4t
ar,6oO8 dO o@SsJ Q trtJ $6cooo Oq ECO qa&
Oh rvolicl {'zrmed lord, liing of the Pandus, " I shall torture (the king) as one ltas novel been tortlu'ed
l'his anklet does not, belong to me, I 'lrall huln tlris place uitlr one conflagrrtiorr.
If you cha,rge lthis person) a,s a thief and conclenrn hin, l{1'husband, I shall take my revenge for you,
fYe ma)' lose this countr'"- on t'hat account. And mako bhe Pandiya feel for it."
irr the rnearitime t)attirri, the patient wife }eft at 108 o1g83 gpOC <6<6oor.6' qrrl oirJ
home, {l'as anxious as her husband had not retuured, she s,OrdrOE 6 omozrr2d. lsre g'o o'aj
fcared that he rnay ha.r-e been robbed or murclereal and oaJ'r$6 e,qSozrJ Oo6f oOrr:1C o'rrJ
@c@o e, 6\ctrd +!:ooce OrJ st:r}
started in search of him. She travelled n'ith her maid
\\'lrerr she strucli tlLe cit.y l,rrr'.f inio flanros.
far anil n'ide, naking incluiries, atrl at last traced him to And the mouths of those n'ho disbelieved hel Lregan t,o btu'n,
the Citv of llaclura, r'here she learnt that her husbarid The porver of Pattini has been slLown here,
The palace burnecl ancl l-as left in a heap of ashes.
lia<l been conclernned as a thief. I{er indignation was
great. She srl'ole veng'eance on the unjust kirrg anrl lvas' 132 gOord oq8aoJ 926J4 OA @c
esOozrJ OCai Alda OE
able to rouse ihe inclignation of the people. She led
@c
@8zon oqee 6 Ozrpdid oed @r
them antl surrounded tlie palace, burnt it and destroyed a @96 P15 (56 6Ao.A coo) 'c
part of the tol'n and. r'escued her husband from death, The gods of the forest assembled irr gloly,
I
and latel lestoretl the city and re'warded tliose rvho And a slow shor,ver of rain they caused t,o fall,
i The goddess of Earth like a roaring stream bore evidence,
l
helpeil liel'. And ln this manner the fre of the city of J'Iaclura rvas extin-
+9 'errjqOcsal cr:66?tJ esg orOrri orrj guished.
gar6rrJ oaJt$6 cog O6rrJ orrj
OSoga: 6n8:rJ 8OO o'ergnI orrj Devotion, virtue, cluty, forgir-eness and 1ove, which
8g,ro 6oEnJ qOc O..erOrrJ , o.oJ characterized Pattini, raised her to the position of
After the lapse of days seven in mrmber, a cleity bnd slie is non, s'orshippecl as the icleal of woman-
Pzrttini start,ed flom the place, hood.
She untied her hair and letling it fall on her bacli,
l-ell to clylng :rnd weeping. Coming to the minor g'uarclian deities l'e have thern'
50 eso'13O 6\AcGq ?6,e qI o plopitiated in particular districts.
S69 o@@c OaJq I o Ayiyanayaka is the guardiarr deiiy of the North
eo@cJrornrrJ Eq o
Oentral and the \ranni districts. He is propitiated by
*.5J o'eec1e5 6rorcqe, @O o
" l'rom the time I loved and courted you, the villagers of tliese rlistricts on all occasions, in sicl<-
And camo to live ivith .vou in happiness, ness, ilrought, and in agricultural operations.
tr'rom the time I a,trived in the boat
Is thi" tlrc plelsttte 5ou nott eltjov. Ayiyanayakn lias as his lelicles tlie liorse aud the
lli fi
r,i
,ir ft
{.
lri
i, JouRNAr,, n.,(.s. (cnrr,ox). [ror,. XX\rIII. No. 7iJ.-19?0.1 cnnnuoNrAl soNGS or t'rIE STNIIALESE 25
,,
elephant, he carries as his weapon the curveil stich. Ile lil his honour, and these ceremonies are believed to be
is believed to be the son of Siva bv Mohini. Mohini rvas t-l] effcacious in curing various forms of disease.
an incarnation of Yishnu. 'Ilie worsbip of Ayiyanayaka
is common in South India and must have been introducecl
'l 103 6er:sJ OoOCeoaJ @"cod ogE ooJ
d.trrr OBrrJ r:r1o-lorrJ OrO 8E ooJ
from the Dravidians. Whether it u'as in roduced cluring Od:rJ go<oJ @ ozorQOS oqE 6\col
the very eallv period of Sinhalese history 'n'lien Prince Etpd 4rooqrJ @.od ogE ooJ
\.ijaya arid his follou'ers allieii tbemselves n'ith tlre 'lho great person rvho u'as Mangara,
l,ir.od in Binbenna of Lluhtrna,
Princely house of }Iadura, from lvhere, the Queen of The god gatheled the honey hives from the goldon {iclrs tree
Irijaya arrived rn'ith :r large letinue, or during later times, Oh god \{angara protect 5'our suppliant.
during the occupation o{ t}re capital by the Tamil king 105 s)8o e5?td cnOOO BzrJr:lirrJ <,.rrj
' 9to ooo@ or:"lrcn1d@ gQ ctrs-J orJ
Elala, or during a rnore recent periocl, are questiorrs that ' 6\O8co ong6 @.cnd 88 grrJ o:d
lequire r.losel study. OSo 'eor.@ oqco OEg orsJ o'nJ
One of the fir'st ]luddhist shriries founded irr Anura- In the six hundred and fifty gorv of Bintenna,
<lhapura is the Isururnuniya loch temple. Ilefore the In a hundreil places he receives ofierings,
In this manner through Mangala endowed with great powers'
place lvas converted to a \tihara it t'as a tempJe o{ gods. Thlough llangara's powers may all your ills disappear.
ri 'Ihe s'ell-knon'n ca,rr.ed frgure orr the rock at this temple, 56 egbJ Og or @g Od @g orrJ orJ
'depicting a De,va oil', {ts some call it, u'arrior, bears a Od @E oC @E dd @g orrJ ord
resemblance to the description of Ayiyanavaha. Ile has
6d o'o:6gc,d.d E,:qceg <orrJ s,rJ
o@ogee 6Jq@:e! ooo 6zsjo'@rsj orrj
his horse, tlre curi'ed staff antl below are a nurnber of Taking hancl ropes, foot ropes, and ropes made of hide,,
figures of the Elepharit. Tlie subject is well n'oi.tii Taking shouldei ropes, neck ropes, and ropes of golden huesr.
Taking golilen lances and golden hooks,
f urther investigation. In thi,s manner he starts with appliances for noosing.
Ganesa is prop tiated in the forest districts of the ?r @rrJq d-o@?t) O6rrJ
Eg' @.qo orrJ
Island, he is known as Pulleyar and is saitl to be a 88Od goql EOrrJ
oeomcn orrJ
blother of Ayivanayaka. I{e is, besides, the deity of @"od ;p@d"O og$O gto'J o:d
'n'isdom and learning anil has the face of an elephant and oqOgO 8806 qa @dO?tJ orrJ
IIe goes to the middle freld with a noosing rope,
bears the trident as liis weap,ori. His attendants placed surrounding the spot.
(The buffalo) gored ancl hilled Prince Mangara first,
Mangara is the guarclinn god of lJintenna and And next he gored and killed his attendants.
Ruhuna, he is the god o{ the huntels antl ceremonies con-
uected with his rvorship are practised in these districts. It is further stated that the spirit of the dead Prince'
'l'he story of Mangara is an interesting one. was ratsed by perforrning certain ceremonies, connected'
Malgara was a young prince of the Coast of India with the worship of the sun by the boiling of milk anrl
and ar-r'ived in Ruhuna in ships l'itli a lar.ge retinue of the sprinklinpl of boiled milk.
follorvers. Ile occupied the Bintenna district.. Ile was 20 gd,O 68 zo1@ 6
a noted hunter and iri one of his hunting expeditions was oq8gO EC'C rsr,@ 6
l<illed by a vild buffalo. Tliis prince rvas deifiecl and core ggo z5DrO 6
o@6 o{ e'QE6?rJO tstr@ 6
the people in llintenna rnade offerings to liis spir,it.
'Io the strn nrilk is acceptable,
Mang'ara is tlre hunters' god. Ilis huriiing exploits are To the gods ofierings are acceptable,
,describeil in various song,s slurg at celemonies heid in To the iiemons loasted flesh is aeceptable,
And theso are the offerings acceptable to the various spirits.
 :
ftror. XXYIII. Ntr. 73.-1920.1 crn.riuor\r.{l soNGS orr rrrn slNrr,rr.ESE 27
I
oCO SO lsrOO nJ during the wliole night, ald sometirnes fol a n eeli at a
6"4.d to.@ @o o6tr
OE6J 66 oOrrj ozor3 stretch, both night and day. 'Ihe rnore comrnon of these
nd @ezs} oc:o ryo:O are ]rnorrn as the Gamnradu, tle village celrernoliDr, Gee
ll'he priests of spirits a,fter cluc prepalation, rnadu singinrg cerernony and Parnrnadu or the feast of
Placing the golden pot lvith milli on the file place, larnps.
And lighting the fire all round,
Aud trking a flower jn his hancl. 'I'hese ceremonies are conducted or1 an auanged p1an.
Olriamental sheds ald arches are put' up in accoldauce
esg$ 68 9@ 8Or
rvitli forms described in the books and are decol.ated v'ith
98 ogEg oo.br grct
oqOg 6a S@ EOc dlol'ers and tencler leaves. There ale dances and sorrgs
es56 oq8 oOrE ge.r in lronour of tlie various devatii.
'l'lre first milli (that boils over) 'l'here ale many rninor deities, some conflnecl to
ls to the sun god,
offerecl
special villages and localities that leceive oJferings, for
milk that boils over,
'J'lre scconii
Is ollered to tlie goddess Pattini. instance, Karnbili devata is lielievecl to exercise a great
e5i@dJ 6\eA gQnJ 6\5J
irfluence in some parts of ttre Krrruneplala District anrl jn
oce SSrrJ oqOrrJ o':rJ the Jaffna llistrict. There is a tradition among the
6,0 edzs} oorOrrJ ord pliests of Karnbiii devata in the North-\lresterr Pro-
@"9 oqE o,srQ:rJ o:rJ vince, that tliis spirit originally lived in the Jaffna
Ifay this patient be freed from sichness, clistrict and he vas cornpellecl in tirne to ieave Jafina
llay he obtain health and prosperit5',
Ilay he be free from disease, and settie in the Kulunegala Distlict.
Through the por.vers of god Mangr:a. Ar'other guardian spilit lvho is lecognized l-idelv
$esd Oc o@er$ Oc tlirouglout the countly ard more palticularlv in the
qa:e$ro6f d*iaJ Or maritirne plovinces is Der"ol der.iyo. He is also linown
forrl @4 {orrJ Oc as the Kurumbara, the god of fire.
Qood oeeal oroo& Oc
Tlie storv of this deity sliorvs that he rras the chief of
Tlre past five and the plesent five,
Thousands periods may you be protected, a shipn'recked party of merchants, r'ho arrived in Cer'lon
nfay you attain from victory to victory, frorn the Oarnatic coast of lrrrlia. '['lie partr of rner-
And through victory plosper. chants, seven in number', under the leade ship of I)evol,
fitted up ships and, ioacling them n'ith merchandise, set
Every r.illage, apart from the gocls already described.
sail on a trading expedition; tlieir ships rvere caught in a
has its own special guardian spirit, to rvhom offering's
storm a.rd lvere rh'ir.en helpless. Thel' passed a lurnber
are made as the unkno$,n gocl in special residenc'e in the
village, Ganbaraclevata (the spirit in charge of the
of ports in the JVest coast of the fsland without tlreir
beirrg abie to make any lancling, and tlien on to the
r-illnge).
South coast; they vere rvt'eckecl about l)evurrtlara and
f have already given an indication of tlie manuer in got irito rafts, but were driven au'ay by hostile people
l-hich offerings are made to various gods, some at the
from Devundara,, and then from Ririgal near Galle. therF
devala or temples dedicated to them, others at temporary
from Unarvatuna to the south of the port of Gaile. The-v
slieds specially preparecl and decorated for the purpose.
Ianded at Seenigama to the north of Gal1e ; at this pJace
In addition to these, clances and songs are arranged.fcr the1. g'ave offerings to their Kururnbara gods and hiiil a
a group of gods and ceremonies are cauied on ofteo fire dance and fire ceremony.
 tf
;l ,a
;1
ti,
2ii JouRNAr,, l,.e.s. (cnvr-ow). [Yol. XXYII. .; No. 73.-1920.] cnnnuoNrAl soNGS oF Tl{E sTNHAT,ESE zg
i.
.t
il
ii
The inhabitauts rvere so a'rved by the strangers thrit I
ale made collecti.r'ely. fn certain districts one or more
they eventually erected a devala in the viilage and matle' of these ale tleated separately, and special ceremonies
ofierings to thern. are performed in their honour. One of the chief of such
At eacli of the oi,her place,. rvhere the shipu'recked g'ods is Dediruunrh.
merchants attempted to land Devala or Temples were Dedimunda I)eviyo g'oes under several names. IIe
dedicatecl to thern. These Devala exist up to the present s'as boln in, Talagir.i rock. His fa,ther was the yakl<a
clay, with the Kapuwa or attendant priests. Chief Purnaka and his mother the handsome Naga
The verses sung in connection lvith ceremonies con- Princess frandati. IIe was knou,n as Sanilunho-""o lu
nected with this deit;' give an account of the u'hole storv, he ]ived in a Sandalwood forest. Ife cornmanded the
from the frtting up of the ships to their shipt'reck and Yaksha army and hence received. the na.me Dedimunda_
ldnding at the coast of the Island. Ile became the guardian of the great gem at Anotatta
ll3 co.O Sororsl , ggrr} ^aqo6 I o Lake and received the title of Menik Bandara. Ile
erOeeg qodrrJ ororFod pg rn o became the g'uardian of the gern-set sea;t o{ the City of
egO Sooad drr] e'zorbj 88Or E o Kelaniiya and obtained the title of Kirti Bandara. Ile
dO oo:rrlo6 rnlO 8"oQ a{oco o $'as kn'o$'n a's Ifva Bandara for guarding the SoIi
Ilrorn the sixty cubit high main mast Country. For destroying the rock at Kirulagama he
1,-1ewthe golden silli {lag and
I)ecorated rvith eight hundred golden points became Devata Bandara,. He hacl an elephani as his
The ship set sail to the Sinhala Country. r"el icle.
tB gSeo ped@co .zn1an6o-l rolO zoCOr o 5)
Dedimunda Devata is also knon n as Alutnuvara
cogg oudoo olroSrr} O$ elOOc co 6)
eo1@g Ocesg coaJogo-r E@orrJ 8O cr: tr) Deviyo. His chief temple is situated at Alutnuwa,ra, in
O@q oeerq ogoOcgf rn60 oo.6 rolgOo o 5) Kegalle District, where ofierings are made to him.
Launching the slrip on the auspicious asterish Aslisa on tr Sunday, ae
Loading ib at the auspicious sign of Berana on a Mondav. QO qco@dr $EcoO e5t e, 6
The seven lords taking their places in the cabins o,O Og gdz$ eoo e, @,OO o6
j And taking.the good ankleb of the devol god l'ith them. Or d.O drrloqS a2es E@oq 6
r!
+ Orouj 2trQ SCA6J vr1@ Or 6 6 9A o'qEgO Eggd 6@rrr o6
:r
SrnaJzod 4O E gO r:rt 6 Ilho joinqd the powerful ten l\faras in their rvals
i1
qrslr.J og O18 ocl:rO Lrol orrr, 6 Powerful Purnaka was his father
Handsome frandati gave him birth
':,:,,

t,
oeJcooJ rrriO 6got6 O@ Or 6 Dedjmunda god to thec we malie offer.irrgs herc.
j.r The wind continued to blow a storm,
:l There was no break in the frightful wav.es of the sea.
No land was visible ancl no further progress could bo mado,
\\'. A. nn SILYA.
The heavily laden ship s'as *'recked on the spot.
5 rsr0oJ 4OoJ d"Ogd 6q <8o zl1 t'! . i. 9t a mouion pioposed by tlre Chair.rnun and secondctl bv
I)r'. A. Nell, a vote of thaniis was accolded bo tlre Lecturer..
gOaJ rood der! er 'eDg o'co t') _ 6. A vote of thanks to the Chair, proposed by Sir p. Arun6_
cornzsj er@c6 661 A8 oesrQ O1q o 6) chalam, blorrglrt the proceedings to a clbsn.
OOaJ o@cOr;J Oe@rs} 8o5 I {t}
The rones. masts. ancl sails rvere all asunder
The oni-y iefuee i"as to cling to the planks
Takine about seven bundles of precious goods
li'
ii
They swam seeking for a refuge.
ii
\rahala gods or gods of the palaces form a large
i
class. They are often treated as one group and offerings