Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
NOTE:
All pictures and graphic illustrations taken from the internet are properties of the
original owners and are used only as supplemental materials for educational purposes.
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INTRODUCTION
This Module on Animal Production is one of the eighteen mini-
courses under TLE subject designed mainly for you either in the
Regular High School or Open High School Program. In this module, you
are provided with various learning resources and experiences to enable
you to gain wisdom and understanding of the lesson. Each of these includes what to
know, what to process,what to reflectand understand and what to transfer.
Specifically, this module is proposed to boost the knowledge, skills, and necessary
attitudes of the learners in Animal Production. It includes lessons such as use of farm
tools, their maintenance, mensuration and calculation, interpretation of plans and layout,
application of safety measures in the workplace, selection of farm site, breeds of farm
animals, housing systems, fixtures and equipment, feeds and feeding, sanitation and
cleanliness in the farm and marketing animals and their by-products. It also integrates
common competencies necessary in raising farm animals.
The animal industry can supply the needs of the Filipino consumers if you know
how. Production efficiency depends on a better knowledge and understanding of the
fundamental principles and practices in animal production.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
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What to know
Farm tools are very important in every farm activity. Without them, very little is
accomplished. Therefore, you as learners should be able to identify and learn how to
use them to make your work easier and faster,
1. Digging fork is a multipurpose tool, used for breaking up and turning soil in the
garden, harvesting, and for manual cleaning around the barn.
2. Spade a tool designed for the purpose of digging or removing soil.
3. Shovel a tool that is suited for moving loose materials.
4. Rake a tool used to gather or loosen materials or to level a surface.
5. Bolo a tool whose primary use is for cleaning the vegetation for agriculture.
6. Scythe a tool that is used for cutting grass and fodder for the carabaos and
cattle.
7. Hoe a tool used to cultivate silage plantation
8. Pinchers
9. Ear notchers
10. Castrating and butchering tools
11. Fencing ranches
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LESSON 2 : SAFETY MEASURES IN USING FARM TOOLS
Wear the proper protective clothing: safety footwear, gloves, long pants if
necessary.
Allow for safe distance between people if you are working with other people.
Check for faulty and defective farm tools and report them in accordance with
farm procedures.
Use appropriate tools and equipment safely according to job requirements; and
manufacturers conditions.
Activity no. 1
List down the safety measures to be observed specifically in cattle barns and
goat barns?
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
What to process
Directions: Write the tool that is described in the following
statements .Write you answers on your test notebook.
Tell whether a site is ideal or not? Read the statements below and check all that
applies to a good site.
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4. The soil is well drained. ---------------------
5. The neighbors are friendly. ---------------
6. Feeds and medicines are available in the area.
7. It is very far from the town. ---------------
8. All kinds of vehicles can pass by the farm. -------
9. It is hard to buy stocks in the place. ----------------
10.There are many jobless people near the farm site.
Selecting the farm site is an important decision to make because farm buildings
are not easy to relocate once they are constructed. It also determines whether the
business will prosper or not.
1. Accessibility of the farm to roads and population centers will reduce cost.
2. A hilly topographyprevent flood or stagnant water.
3. Availability of feeds and medicines in the area.
4. Distance from neighboring farms
5. Presence of trees as windbreaks during typhoons and as regulators of
temperature during summer season.
6. Available space for growing forage and other green feeds.
7. Available pasture area for the livestock.
8. Peace and order condition in the area.
9. An adequate source of water
10. Distance to neighboring residences
What to know
BREEDS OF POULTRY
The different breeds of poultry may be classified according to the purpose of their
production:
BREED ORIGIN TYPE
Excellent in meat but poor
CORNISH English Meat/broiler
egg-layers
One of the most popular
RHODE ISLAND among heavy breeds, fairly
American Meat/broiler
RED good egg layer, and excellent
in meat quality
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High egg producer with white-
LEGHORN Mediterranian Egg layer
shelled eggs.
Medium in size, good layer of
CANTONESE China Egg/layer medium size eggs and best
suited to Phil. condition
Good egg-laying average and
dual-
good meat qualities
NEW HAMPSHIRE American purpose/general
purpose
BREEDS OF SWINE:
COUNTRY
BREED COLOR EARS TYPE CHARATERISTICS
OF ORIGIN
Long face, good and
Landrace White Hanging Meat Denmark prolific mothers, weak
legs
Large Fertile, high quality
White Standing Meat England
White meat, fast grower
Short, black skinned,
Black with
more resistant to
Berkshire 6 white Standing Lard England
diseases compared to
points
white breeds
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Black with Short, good quality
Hampshire Standing Meat USA
white band meat, strong legs
Good constitution,
2/3
Duroc Red strong legs, fast
erect,1/3 Meat USA
Jersey (golden) grower, resistant to
hanging
stress
Very meaty ham and
Black and Very
Pietrain Standing Belgium loin, very susceptible
white meaty
to stress
Reference: Course on Pig Health and Management, DA, ATI, ITCPH
Largewhite Landrace
Berkshire Hampshire
Duroc Pietrain
Hypor
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BREEDS OF GOATS:
BREED CHARACTERISTICS
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Native goat Saanen Toggenburg
BREEDS OF SHEEP
BREEDS OF CATTLE
BREEDS CHARACTERISTICS
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This breed is considered the best among the imported
breeds of commercial beef cattle in the country. It is
recognized through its humps over the shoulder. It is
AMERICAN BRAHMAN greyish-white in color with very loose, pendulous skin along
the dewlap and under the throat extending between the
forelegs. It has large, drooping ears and horns that curve
upward and backward.
The animals under this breed are considered dairy cattle.
However, they can also be used as work animals. They are
THARPARKAR greyish or white in color with horns that are rather small.
They have long bodies.
This breed originated from Pakistan and is known for its
hump. It is docile and considered to be a dual-purpose
RED SHINDI breed- aside from being a good source of beef and milk, the
steers may be used as work animals.
Sahiwal
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BREEDS OF CARABAO
________ 1.
A breed of poultry that is excellent in meat but poor egg-layer.
________ 2.
Pig breed that possesses a white color and hanging ears.
________ 3.
This breed is known for being a good layer and has a good quality meat.
________ 4.
A breed of goat known for its high-quality meat and excellent
productive qualities.
________ 5. This breed of cattle is also known as Batangas Strain.
What to process
Activity
C O R N I S H I L N
S A A N E N A P E E
N D O R O C M I G L
A U N E L L P E H L
T R Y O R K S T O O
I O B E R K H R R R
V C A M E L I A N E
E G G B O E R I N K
A L P I N E E N I H
G R A N E L L O E G
B R A H M A N A L P
T O G G E N B U R G
L A R G E W H I T E
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NATIVE CORNISH SAANEN BOER NELLORE
DUROC HAMPSHIRE PIETRAIN LEGHORN
ALPINE BRAHMAN TOGGENBURG LARGEWHITE
What is the best breed of poultry? This is the most commonly asked question by a
poultry raiser and as such, there is no best breed. Each breed has its own good and
poor characteristics. A farmer can choose the proper breed to use depending on the
type of production that he wants to attain.
What to understand
Activity
SCORE CRITERIA
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What to transfer
Question and Answer.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
What to know
Animals also need housing to protect them from adverse weather conditions.
Good housing should be durable, easy to clean and gives accessibility to
feeding, loading and unloading activities. Furthermore, it should allow the entry of
sunlight, have enough space for every animal andshould have proper ventilation.
. For poultry and livestock raising the ideal house should have the following
characteristics:
1. It is far from residential areas that may be affected by the unpleasant odor
produced by a large number of animals.
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2.It is on an elevated area that has good drainage and will not keep water to
accumulate.
3.It is exposed to ample sunlight.
4.The area is close to a source of water for cleaning and feeding of animals.
1.RANGE-TYPE is located in
the middle of the pasture. It
needs a wide land area.
3.COMPLETE
CONFINEMENT
SYSTEM the birds are
confined to the house
entirely, with no access to
land.
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Broilers Requirements:
.
Nursery unit where the piglets Growing unit where weanlings
are kept for two months are raised until they are ready to
be marketed
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HOUSING THE SMALL RUMINANTS (goat and sheep)
House stock must be provided with sufficient space for lying, grooming and normal
animal-to-animal interactions. Escapes must also be provided if young calves are
housed with adults; for example, calves and suckler cows. Providing indoor housing for
cattle also prevents damage to pasture during rainy season when the grass is scarce.
There are several types of roof construction to choose from. The choice is determined
by the available materials, the amount of investment and the size of operations.
a. Shed or single span type This is the most simple type of roof. It is usually used
in small construction.
b. Gable or bouble span This is the conventional system of roof construction.
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c. Monitor This type is appropriate for big establishments. It is actually a big
double span with an outlet for air at the top of the roof.
d. Semi- monitor - This is like the monitor type except that an outlet on top
of the roof is made on side.
e. Combination of shed and gable
What to process
Write True if the idea is correct and False if the idea is incorrect.
What to understand
POULTRY
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SWINE
GOAT
CATTLE
What to transfer
Activity
Bond paper
Pencil
Ruler
Eraser
1. Using the information given, draw typical houses for poultry and livestock(pig).
Include and label the different parts/compartments of the housing.
Find out how you fared by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely.
Remember it is your learning at stake!
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DIMENSION 1 2 3
What to know
Inside the box are the different farm tools and equipment used in animal raising.
Group them according to their purpose and write them on the table below the box.
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A. POULTRY
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DRINKING Drinking jars should be large
TROUGHS and sufficient enough to
supply the water needs of
the birds for the whole day.
It should be durable and
easy to clean.
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2. Farrowing crate or stall. Due to its limited space, this equipment minimizes the
movement of the sow and reduces the possibility of death of piglets due to
crushing. This also prevents the sow from eating the feeds given to the piglets.
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4. Water system. A pressurized water
system with pipes extending to the
hog houses is the most desirable
type. A minimum pressure of five
(5) kg per sq cm and 500 gallons
an hour is necessary. This will
eliminate labor in fetching water.
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8. Self-feeders. An automatic self-feeder
is designed so that feed wastage is
minimized and the rate of flow of the
feed can be controlled. It is durable
and can hold sufficient feed for a day.
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What to process
Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write your answer in your test notebook.
Column A Column B
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What to understand
1. Dropping board
2. Brooder
3. Feeding trough
4. Incubator
5. Nest
6. Castration rack
7. Farrowing crate
8. Breeding crate
9. Shipping crate
10. Self-feeders
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What to transfer
Activity
Directions: After learning about using farm tools, equipment and facilities being used in
animal production, you will be constructing a simple feeding and drinking trough using
indigenous materials.
1. Group yourselves into three. Inform your teacher that you are ready to construct the
simple feeding and drinking trough for poultry.
1. Bamboo
2. Cutting tools
3. Electric drill
4. Screw driver
5. Claw Hammer
6. Nails
7. Screws
8. Protective materials
9. Plastic sealant
3. Your teacher will also demonstrate the construction procedures. Take note of the
following while he/she performs this activity:
4. After the demonstration, construct your own simple feeding and drinking trough.
Ensure that you follow the procedures done by your teacher. If you have queries or
questions, approach your teacher.
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Find out how you have fared by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and
sincerely. Remember it is your learning at stake!
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LESSON 5: FEEDS AND FEEDING
What to know
Feed is anything given to animals for growth, maintenance and reproduction. Feeds
serve as fuel for the animals body. It is one of the most important factors that contribute
to the success of animal production.
Farm animals are raised for family consumption and for sale in the market. To achieve
high returns on investments, provide the flock with the necessary feeds and vitamins
that will facilitate their growth. It is important to observe the proper feeding
requirements. The raiser should know the frequency of feeding, amount of feeds, and
kinds of feeds appropriate to the age of the animal.
Kinds of feeds
1. Concentrates -- feeds which are relatively high in total digestible nutrients (TDN)
and low in fiber. Examples, cereal grains like corn, sorghum, and pollard
2. Roughage --- feeds which are high in fiber and low in digestible nutrients (TDN).
Examples, Grasses, legumes, silage,hay, rice straw, bean straw, etc.
Forms of feeds
1. Pellet
2. Crumble
3. Mash
Starter. This is fed to young chickens one day to six weeks old. This is given
to chicks that cannot eat large particles of feeds for the first two weeks after
they are hatched. The mash contains 20 to 21% protein.
Booster. This kind of feed is specially made for the delicate nutritional needs
of newly hatched chicks. It is given to chicks one day to two weeks old.
Grower. This is fed to growing chicks six to twelve days old and to the swine
when they are two to six months old. It contains 17% protein.
Fattener. Fattening rations are given to hogs or cattle until they reach
maturity and are ready for market.
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Finisher. This feed is given after the chicken has consumed one kilogram of
starter till the point of disposal of the birds.
Layer. This is for the layer of eggs for the market. It should contain 17 to 18%
protein.
Breeder. This ration is given to well-selected and mature animals ready for
breeding.
Pullet Developer. This is fed to pullet 12 to 18 weeks old. A 14% protein
should be sufficient.
Activity
Direction: Compute the cost of broiler based on the given weights if the price per kilo is
120 pesos.
Farm animals are raised for family consumption and for sale in the market. To achieve
high return on investments, provide the herd with the necessary feeds and vitamins that
will facilitate their growth. It is important to observe the proper feeding requirements.
The raiser should know the frequency of feeding, amount of feeds, and kinds of feeds
appropriate to the age of the animal.
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GUIDELINES IN PREPARING HOME RATION FOR GROWING AND FATTENING
FARM ANIMALS:
What to process
Draw a happy face ( ), if the statement is correct and a sad face ( ), if the
the statement is wrong.
What to understand
Discuss the following classification of feeds:
1. Starter Mash
___________________________________________________________
2. Growing Mash
___________________________________________________________
3. Fattening Mash
___________________________________________________________
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4. Layer Mash
___________________________________________________________
5. Breeding Ration
___________________________________________________________
6 .Pullet Developer Mash
___________________________________________________________
What to transfer
Activity # 1
Direction: Using table 1 on feed consumption for broilers, compute how many
kilos of feeds ( broiler, starter and finishing feeds) a broiler will consume in 45
days.
SCORE CRITERIA
5 Correct procedure and computation is presented
in logical order.
4 Complete and correct method of solution but has
not obtained the final answer.
3 Complete method of solution and with strong
computation.
2 Suggest good mathematical thinking but with
incomplete solution and no answer.
1 No attempt
Activity No. 2
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LESSON 6: SANITATION AND CLEANLINESS ON THE FARM
What to know
Sanitation means providing clean and favourable surroundings to
maintain good health in the flocks and herds. The maintenance of good health of farm
animals spells the difference between failure and success of animal production.
Some guideposts for keeping the farm clean and sanitary are as follows:
What to process
List down seven sanitary practices that must be observed in the farm:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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What to understand
Activity # 1
Visit a farm and interview the owner or any responsible personnel regarding the
guidelines for keeping the farm clean and sanitary. Make an observation if the practices
we discussed are applied in that farm.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activity # 2
1. Poultry farm
2. Piggery farm
3. Cattle ranch
4. Goat farm
What to transfer
Activity # 1
The latest bird flu that killed millions of chicken in Hongkong, China, and
Vietnam caused alarm to farmers not only in those places but also in other agricultural
countries such as the Philippines. As a student of Agriculture, conduct a research on the
causes ofthis epidemic and what can be done to prevent it.
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The foot and mouth disease that infected thousands of pigs in Metro Manila a
few years ago affected the swine industry. Make a study on how this disease can be
prevented.
SCORE CRITERIA
5 Information gathered suggests excellent and critical
analysis of the diseases affecting both poultry and
swine.
4 Information gathered suggests good analysis of the
diseases affecting both poultry and swine.
3 Information gathered lacks depth in the analysis of
the diseases affecting both poultry and swine.
2 Information gathered is unclear and has no bearing
on the issue affecting both poultry and swine.
1 No research work presented.
What to know
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9. Plan your marketing methods or ways.
10. Feed animals properly and fit them for market.
11. Consider the suggestions of the buyers.
12. Study the prices in relation to making the best use of the animal products.
.
Marketing Systems that can be adopted by a Producer:
1. Wholesale or pakyawan
2. Direct selling to consumers
3. Marketing through cooperatives
What to process
. Discuss the different factors to consider in marketing.
What to understand
Visit animal raisers in your locality. Gather information about the way they
market their products and why. Report it to the class for group interaction.
What to transfer
As a future poultry and livestock producer, what marketing system will you
adopt and why? Share it in class.
SUMMARY
This Mini-Course in Animal Production is designed to fit your interest and needs. It
provides you withimportant information on how to plan a small business. Above all,
since human resources are major factors in any business enterprise, it shows you
qualities of a good entrepreneur. It also covers the basic information you need in raising
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animals such as the different breeds of farm animals that thrive in the country; housing
for their confinement; and other needed equipment. Finally, this module ends with the
discussion of the principles of feeding farm animals; maintaining cleanliness and
sanitation of the farm; and marketing farm animals and their by- products.
GLOSSARY
Animal Production a science that deals with production and management of livestock or
domestic animal.
Breed - a group of animals that have specific traits or characteristics in
common.
Broiler - a meat type chicken commonly grown up to 35-42 days and
weighing 1.5-2.0 kg liveweight
Confinement - the state of being confined, with restricted movement
Entrepreneur - someone who enters any business to introduce a product or service
to substantially form or change the nerve center of that business
Farrowing - the act of giving birth to swine
Feed -edible materials which are consumed by animals and contribute
energy or nutrients to the animal diet
Feeding -the process of giving feeds to the animal
Gestation - the time from breeding of a female until she gives birth to her young
Layer - egg-type or dual-type 6- month female fowl that lays eggs.
Market - a place where goods are sold
Mortality Rate - number of animals that died based on the total number of animals
raised.
Nutrients substances that nourish animals for specific purposes such as for
health maintenance, growth, repair of body tissues, reproduction, and
other productive activities
Parasite - a living organism which is dependent on another living organism for
food in order to survive
Poultry - a collective term for all domestic birds rendering economic service to
man.
Pullet - female fowl 5-6 months of age intended for egg production
Ration - amount of feed an animal receives in a 24 hour period
Ruminant -name given to grazing animal that chew its cud and has split hoofs
Steer - a male cattle that has been castrated before the secondary sex
character develops
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Swine - a term collectively used for any of the stout-bodied, short-legged
omnivorous mammals with a long mobile snout.
Tool - device that makes the work of man easier and faster
Type -refers to a group of animals raised to serve a certain purpose.
Vaccination - an injection of vaccine, bacterin, antiserum or anti-toxin to produce
immunity or tolerance to disease.
REFERENCES:
Books
Pamphlets
1. http://www,da.gov.ph/dawebsite/poutry1.pdf
2. https://www.google.com.ph/search?
3. www.ext.colostate.edu.
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