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ThisdocumentisnotanASTMstandardandisintendedonlytoprovidetheuserofanASTMstandardanindicationofwhatchangeshavebeenmadetothepreviousversion.Because
itmaynotbetechnicallypossibletoadequatelydepictallchangesaccurately,ASTMrecommendsthatusersconsultprioreditionsasappropriate.Inallcasesonlythecurrentversion
ofthestandardaspublishedbyASTMistobeconsideredtheofficialdocument.

Designation:D318289(Reapproved2001)

StandardPracticefor
RubberMaterials,Equipment,andProceduresforMixing
StandardCompoundsandPreparingStandardVulcanized
Sheets1
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD3182thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearof
originaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.A
superscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.

ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.

1.Scope
1.1Thispracticeprovidesalistingofreferencecompoundingmaterialsrequiredtopreparetherubbertestcompoundslistedin
succeedingmethodsandcontainsproceduresforweighing.Italsospecifiesthemixingequipment,generalmixingprocedures,
vulcanizationequipmentandprocedures.
1.2ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.
1.3Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibility
oftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatory
limitationspriortouse.Forspecificprecautionstatements,see5.5.

2.ReferencedDocuments
2.1ASTMStandards:
D88TestMethodforSayboltViscosity2

1ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD11onRubberandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD11.20onCompoundingMaterialsand
Procedures.
CurrenteditionapprovedMar.31,1989.PublishedMay1989.OriginallypublishedasD318273.LastpreviouseditionD318287.

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CopyrightASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA194282959,UnitedStates.

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D318289(2001)

D1646TestMethodforRubberViscosity,StressRelaxation,andPreVulcanizationCharacteristics(MooneyViscometer)3
D2084TestMethodforRubberPropertyVulcanizationUsingOscillatingDiskCureMeter3
D2161PracticeforConversionofKinematicViscositytoSayboltUniversalViscosityortoSayboltFurolViscosity4
D2226ClassificationforVariousTypesofPetroleumOilsforRubberCompoundingUse3
D2501TestMethodforCalculationofViscosityGravityConstant(VGC)ofPetroleumOils4
D4678PracticeforRubberPreparation,Testing,Acceptance,Documentation,andUseofReferenceMaterials3
E145SpecificationforGravityConvectionandForcedVentilationOvens5

3.SignificanceandUse
3.1Thispracticeshallbeusedforspecificproceduresusedinpreparingrubbercompoundsforqualitycontrolofproduction,
forresearchanddevelopmentpurposes,andforcomparisonofdifferentmaterials.

4.StandardMaterials
4.1StandardReferenceMaterials:
4.1.1ThematerialsrequiredforstandardrubbertestformulasshallbeNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)
ReferenceMaterialsormaterialsthatareknowntohavepropertiessimilartothesestandardmaterials.However,incaseofdispute,
thefollowingactualstandardmaterialsfromtheNISToftheUnitedStatesshallbeused:
4.1.2AnIndustryReferenceMaterial(IRM)isastandardreferencefromadesignatedsupplierandhasbeencertifiedin
accordancewithPracticeD4678.6,7
Standard Industry
Reference Reference
NISTStandardReference Material Material
MaterialorIRM No. No.
Zincoxide 370
Sulfur 371
Stearicacid 372
Benzothiazyldisulfide 6 2
Tetramethylthiuramdisulfide 6,7 1
Magnesiumoxide 376
OilfurnacecarbonblackHAF 378
GasfurnacecarbonblackSRF 382
Mercaptobenzothiazole 383
Ntertbutyl2benzothiazolesulfenamide 384
SBR1500 386
Naturalrubber 8 201

4.2Otherstandardorindustryreferencematerialsareasfollows:IndustryReferenceBlackCurrentLotinuseattimeoftesting
ASTMOilType1038

5.WeighingofMaterials
5.1Thestandardbatchmass(ingrams)forthelaboratorymillshallbethreetimestheformulamassinpartsperhundredgrams
ofrubber,unlessotherwisespecified.
5.2Thebatchmass(ingrams)foraninternalmixershallbethenominalcapacity(1170640cm3 )multipliedbythedensity
oftherubbercompound.
5.3Thebatchmass(ingrams)foraminiatureinternalmixer(MIM)shallbe75%ofthenominalcapacity(8561cm3 )
multipliedbythedensityoftherubbercompound.
5.4Therubberandcarbonblackshallbeweighedtowithinatoleranceof61gformillandinternalmixercompoundsandwith
atoleranceof60.1gforminiatureinternalmixercompounds.Allothermaterialsshallbeweighedwitha60.1gaccuracyorless
formillandinternalmixercompoundsandwith60.01gaccuracyfortheminiatureinternalmixercompounds.
5.5Compoundingmaterialsotherthanrubber,carbonblack,andoilmaybeaddedtominiatureinternalmixerbatchesmore
preciselyandwithgreatereaseiftheyarepreviouslyblendedinproportiontothemassrequiredbytherecipe.Suchblendmay
bemadeinamortarandpestle,bymixingfor10mininabiconicalblenderwithintensifierbarturning,orbymixinginablender9

2AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol04.04.
3AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol09.01.
4AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol05.01.
5AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol14.04.
6NISThasdiscontinuedsupplyofSRM373,374,and385.AsubstitutematerialisavailableasIRM2,1,and201respectivelyfromForcovenProducts,Inc.,P.O.Box
1556,Humble,TX77338forIRM1and2.IRM201isavailablefromAkronChemicalCo.,255FountainSt.,Akron,OH44304.RequestRR:D111034,availablefrom
ASTMInternationalHeadquarters.
7SupportingdataareavailablefromASTMInternationalHeadquarters.RequestRR:D111026.

8DefinedbyClassificationD2226.AlotofoilconformingtothebasicdescriptioninClassificationD2226andmorespecifically,tothevalueslistedbelow,canbe

obtainedfromSunRefiningandMarketingCo.,ProcessMaterialsGroup,10PennCenter,1801MarketSt.,Philadelphia,PA19103(availablein1and5galquantities):
KinematicViscosity(TestMethodD88)and(PracticeD2161)16.861.2mm2/sat100F,ViscosityGravityConstant(TestMethodD2501)0.88960.002.
9AWaringBlenderhasbeenusedinthispractice.Resultscannotbeguaranteedusinganotherbrand.

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D318289(2001)
forfive3speriodsandscrapingtheinsideofthemixertodislodgematerialsstucktothesidesaftereach3smix.(WarningIf
mixedlongerthan3s,thestearicacidmaymeltandpreventgooddispersion.)
5.6Unlessotherwisespecified,carbonblackshallbeconditionedbyheatingfor1hat12563C(25765F)ina1Boven
orequivalent,inaccordancewithSpecificationE145.
5.6.1Placethecarbonblackinanopenvesselofsuitabledimensionssothatthedepthoftheblackisnomorethan10mm(0.4
in.)duringconditioning.Storetheconditionedcarbonblackinaclosedmoistureproofcontaineruntilcoolandthenusefor
weighingandmixing.

6.EquipmentforMixing
6.1StandardMill:
6.1.1Thestandardmillshallhaverollsbetween150and155mm(5.9and6.1in.)indiameter.Themillshallbeequippedwith
retainingguides,withadistancebetweentheguidesatthenipof250to280mm(10to11in.).

NOTE 1Ifmillsofothersizesareused,adjustmentstobatchmassesandmixingcyclesmayberequiredtoobtainequivalentresults.

6.1.2Thespeedoftheslowrollshallbe0.460.50rad/s(2460.5rpm)andtheratiobetweenslowandfastrollshallbe1:1.4.
Otherratiosmaybeused,butmodificationsinmixingproceduremayberequiredtoobtainequivalentresults.Theuseofother
thanastandardmillshallberecordedwiththereporteddata.
6.1.3Meansshallbeprovidedforcontrollingthemillrolltemperaturestothespecifiedtemperature65C(69F).
6.1.4Theclearancebetweenrollsshallbeadjustablefrom0.2to8.0mm(0.008to0.31in.)asaminimumrangeofadjustment.
Rollclearanceshallbedeterminedbymeansoftwoleadstrips1063mm(0.460.1in.)wide,atleast50mm(2in.)long,and
0.25to0.50mm(0.01to0.02in.)thickerthantherollclearancetobemeasured.Theleadstripsshallbeinserted,oneateachend
oftherollsapproximately25mm(1in.)fromtheguides,whileapieceofcompoundedrubber,withMooneyviscosityinexcess
of50ML1+4at100C(212F),approximately75by75by6mm(3by3by0.25in.)ispassingthroughthecenterportionof
therolls.Therollsshallbeatthetemperaturespecifiedformixing.Aftertheleadstripshavepassedthroughtherolls,measure
thethicknessofthestripstothenearest0.02mm(0.001in.).Toleranceonarollclearanceshallbe610%or0.05mm(0.002in.),
whicheverislarger.
6.2StandardInternalMixerThestandardinternalmixershallhaveachamberof1575650cm3volumeandtworotorswith
approximately400cm3displacementvolume,resultingin1170640cm3loadingcapacity.Theslowrotorspeedshallbe8.16
rad/s(77rpm)andthegearratioshallbe1:1.125.Therotorwingtiptosideclearanceshallbe2.4+0.3,0.1mm
(0.094+0.010,0.005in.).Themixershallbeequippedwithathermocoupleformeasuringandrecordingbatchmixing
temperatures.Thethermocoupleshallbeinstalledthroughtheendframeandshallprotrudeintothemixingchamber2562.5mm
(160.1in.)measuredalongthetopsideofthethermocoupleprobe.Aramthatis5663mmby14068mm(2.260.1in.
by5.560.3in.)shallexertaforceof1.2760.06kN(285614lbf)onthebatchinthechamber.Thesidesshallbehingedto
swingopen,madeofcaststainlesssteelandjacketedforcontrollingtemperaturebymeansofacirculatingliquidorsteam.The
endframesshallbeofductileironthathasa0.2060.02mm(0.00860.001in.)thickchromeplatingontheworkingsurfaces.
Rotorsareofstainlesssteel,nitrided,drilled,andequippedwithrotaryunionsforcontrollingtherotortemperaturebymeansof
acirculatingliquidorsteam.

NOTE 2Ifinternalmixersofothersizesareused,adjustmentsofbatchmassesandrotorspeedsormixingcycleswillberequiredtoobtainequivalent
results.

6.3StandardMiniatureInternalMixer(MIM):
6.3.1Thestandardminiatureinternalmixershallbeequippedwithastainlesssteelmixerheadhavingabowlof120cm3
volumeandstainlesssteelcamstylemixerrotors(removableorfixed)of34to35cm3displacement,thusresultingina856
3

1cm volume.Therecommendedloadingis75%(64cm3 ).Thefastordrivingrotor(left)shallturnat6.28+3.14rad/s


(60+3,0rpm)andthegearratio(drivetodriven)shallbe1.5:1.Themixershallbeequippedwithathermocoupleinstalled
throughtheridgeinthebowlformeasuringandrecordingthebatchtemperatures.Themixingchambershallbeclosedduringthe
mixingcyclebymeansofaleverorram.Theheadandthebackplateshallbemaintainedattherequiredtemperatureeither
electricallyorbymeansofathermalliquidmedium.
NOTE 3IfminiatureinternalmixersequippedwithBanburystylemixerheadandrotorsorheadsofothersizesareused,adjustmentsofbatchmasses,
rotorspeeds,ormixingcycleswillberequiredtoobtainequivalentresults.

6.3.2Theminiatureinternalmixermaybeequippedwithatorquemeasuringinstrumentandrecorder,whicharenotessential
forthemixingoperation.Ifused,itmustbecalibratedoccasionallyandaftereachoverhauloftheminiatureinternalmixerusing
themanufacturersinstructions.

7.GeneralMixingProcedures
7.1MillMixingProcedure:
7.1.1Mixcompoundswiththerubberbandedontheslowroll,unlessotherwisespecified.
7.1.2Measurethetemperatureofthesurfacesoftherollsatapointapproximatelyequidistantfromtheendsduringthemixing
operationeithercontinuouslyonarecorderorwithamanualdevicehavinganaccuracyofatleast61C(62F),frequently

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D318289(2001)

enoughtomaintainthedesiredtemperature.Thebatchmayberemovedmomentarilyfromthemilltomeasurethesurface
temperatureoftheslowroll.
7.1.3Whenever34 cutsarespecified,cutthebatch34 ofthedistanceacrosstherollandholdtheknifeatthispositionuntilthe
bankjustdisappears.Makesuccessive34 cutsfromalternateendsoftheroll,allowing20sbetweeneachcutunlessotherwise
specified.
7.1.4Donotcutanybatchwhilefreematerialsareevidentinthebankoronthemillingsurface.
7.1.5Addcarbonblackevenlyacrossthemillatauniformrate.Addallotherdrymaterialsslowlyandevenlyinprescribed
times.Oil,ifrequired,maybeaddedalternatelywithcarbonblack.Carefullycollectmaterialsfallingthroughthenipfromthetray

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andreturntothemix.
7.1.6Concludethemixingcyclebypassingtherolledbatchendwisethroughthemillsixtimeswithanopeningof0.8mm
(0.031in.),toimprovethedispersion.
7.1.7Passthebatchfourtimesthroughthemillatasettingof6mm(.25in.),foldingitbackonitselfeachtime.
7.1.8Weighthebatch,removethetestspecimensforMooneyviscosityinaccordancewithTestMethodD1646orcuremeter
inaccordancewithTestMethodD2084,orboth,andsheetouttheremainderto2.2to2.4mm(0.087to0.094in.)thicknessafter
shrinkagehastakenplace.
7.2InternalMixerMixingProcedure:
7.2.1Thecompoundisusuallypreparedintwostages:thefirstonealwaysintheinternalmixerandthesecondeitherinthe
internalmixeroronthestandardmill.
7.2.2Theinitialinternalmixertemperaturewillbeeitherindicatedorbesuchthattherequireddischargetemperatureisreached.
7.2.3Therotorspeedshallbe8.16rad/s(77rpm),unlessotherwisespecified.
7.2.4Cuttherubberintopiecessuitableforfastfeeding.
7.2.5Preparethemixaccordingtospecifiedinstructionsregardingtheorderandtimeofmaterialaddition.
7.2.6Consolidatethedischargeonastandardmill,weigh,andallowtocoolonaflatmetalsurfacebeforeproceedingwiththe
secondstagemix.
7.2.7Ifthesecondstagemixispreparedintheinternalmixer,cutthebatchfromstage1intostripsforeasierfeeding,andfollow
bytheadditionofthematerialsaccordingtothespecificinstructions.Thebatchshouldthenbedischargedattheprescribedtime
ortemperature.Ifthesecondstagemixispreparedonthestandardmill,addmaterialsinprescribedorderandtime.Thebatchsize
maybereducedtobetteraccommodatethemillandtoresultinbetterdispersionofcompoundingmaterials.
7.2.8Concludethemixingbypassingtherolledbatchendwisethroughthestandardmillsixtimeswithanopeningof0.8mm
(0.031in.),toimprovethedispersion.
7.2.9Passthebatchfourtimesthroughthemillatasettingof6mm(0.24in.),foldingitbackonitselfeachtime.
7.2.10Afterweighingandremovaloftestspecimens,sheetoutthebatchto2.2to2.4mm(0.087to0.094in.)thicknessafter
shrinkagehastakenplace.
7.3MiniatureInternalMixerProcedure:
7.3.1Maintainthemixerheadtemperatureforatleast5minbeforemixing.
7.3.2Theunloadedrotorspeedshallbe1.0+0.05,0rev/s(60+3,0rpm),unlessotherwisespecified.Itshouldbe
frequentlycheckedifavariablespeedmodelisused.
7.3.3Preparethecompoundaccordingtoinstructionsspecifiedfortherubber.
7.3.4Immediatelypassthedischargefromthemixertwicethroughastandardmillmaintainedatspecifiedtemperaturewithroll
separationof0.5mm(0.020in.)once,thentwiceataseparationof3mm(0.12in.),inordertodissipatetheheat,andweigh.
7.3.5Aftertheremovalofacuremeterspecimen,ifacompoundviscosityortensionspecimen,orbotharerequired,passthe
batchendwisethroughthemillsixtimeswithanopeningof0.8mm(0.031in.)toenhancethedispersion.
7.3.6Afterremovingthecompoundviscosityspecimen,ifatensionspecimenisrequired,passthebatchfourtimesthrougha
standardmillatspecifiedtemperature.Folditlengthwiseaftereachpassandpassalwaysinthesamedirectiontoobtaintheeffect
ofmilldirection.Therollopeningshouldbesuchthatitwillproducea2.2to2.4mm(0.087to0.094in.)thicksheetafter
shrinkage.

8.PreparationofStandardVulcanizedSheets
8.1PreparationofSheets:
8.1.1Unlessotherwisespecified,conditionthesheetedcompoundfor1to24hat2363C(73.465.4F)atarelative
humiditynotgreaterthan55%.Formaximumprecision,conditionfor1to24hinaclosedcontainertopreventabsorptionof
moisturefromtheair,orinanareacontrolledat3565%relativehumidity.
8.1.2Placethesheetedcompoundonaflat,dry,cleanmetalsurfaceandcutpiecesthatare4.561.5mm(0.1860.06in.)
shorterinwidthandlengththanthecorrespondingdimensionsofthemoldcavity.Markthedirectionofthemillingoneachpiece.
8.1.3Themassofa150by150mm(6by6in.)sheetora150by75mm(6by3in.)sheettobevulcanizedinthemolds
describedin8.2.2shallbeasshownbelow:

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MassofUnvulcanizedSheet,g
Densityof 150by150mm 150by75mm
Compound (6by6in.) (6by3.0in.)
0.94 5263 2661.5
0.96 53 27
0.98 54 27
1.00 55 28
1.02 56 28
1.04 57 29
1.06 58 29
1.08 59 30
1.10 60 30
1.12 61 31
1.14 62 31
1.16 63 32
1.18 64 32
1.20 65 33
1.22 66 33
1.24 67 34
1.26 68 34
1.28 69 35
1.30 70 35

8.1.4Afilmofsuitablematerial,suchasanonlubricatedaluminumfoil0.1mm(0.004in.)thick,maybeplacedaboveand
belowthesheetinthemoldtopreventcontaminationwithmaterialsremaininginthemoldfrompreviouscures.Themassofthe

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unvulcanizedsheetshallbereducedtocompensateforthethicknessofthefoil.
8.2VulcanizationEquipment:
8.2.1PressThepressshallbecapableofexertingapressureofnotlessthan3.5MPa(500psi)onthetotalcrosssectional
areaofthecavitiesofthemoldduringtheentireperiodofvulcanization.Itshallhaveheatedplatensofsufficientsizesothatno
portionoftherubberwillbenearerthan75mm(3in.)totheedgeoftheplatenduringvulcanization.Theplatenshallpreferably
bemadeofrolledsteel,machinedforsteamheatingorforelectricalelementsforheatingelectrically.Whensteamheatisused,
placeeitheraselfbleedingtraporasmallventintheexitstreamlinetoallowsteamtoflowcontinuouslythroughtheplatens.
Ifchambertypeplatensareused,placethesteamoutletslightlybelowthesteamchambersothatgooddrainageisassured.Reduce
conductionofheatfromthehotplatenstothepresscrossheadasmuchaspracticablebymeansofasteelgridbetweenthem,or
byothermeans.Platensshouldbesuitablyshieldedfromdrafts.Thepressingsurfacesoftheplatenshallbeplaneparalleltowithin
0.25mm/m(0.003in./ft)whentheplatensareat150C(302F)andclosedunderfullpressurewithagridofsoftsolderorlead
betweenthem.Witheithertypeofplaten,thetemperatureoverthemoldareashallbeuniform.Themaximumdeviationfromthe
temperatureatthecenteroftheplatenshallnotexceed60.5C(1F).Betweenadjacentplatensthetemperaturedifferencebetween
correspondingpointsonthetwoplatensshallnotexceed0.5C(1F).
8.2.2Molds:
8.2.2.1Themoldfor150by150by2mm(6by6by0.08in.)sheetsshallhavecavitysectionssimilarindimensionstothat
showninFig.1.Thecavitiestowithin6.3mm(0.25in.)oftheedgesshallbebetween1.9and2.0mm(0.075and0.079in.)deep.
Thecornersofthecavitiesmayberoundedwitharadiusnotgreaterthan6.3mm(0.25in.).Analternativetypeoftestsheetmold,
madebythecutoffbarmethodwithalowerplatethicknessofabout20mm(0.75in.),isshowninFig.2.
8.2.2.2Themoldfor150by75by2mm(6by3.0by0.08in.)sheetsshallhavecavitysectionssimilarindimensionstothat
showninFig.3orFig.4.Thecavitiesofthismoldshallmeettherequirementsdescribedin8.2.2.1.
8.2.2.3Themoldingsurfacesshallbecleaned,highlypolished,andhardchromiumplated.Moldsconstructedofhardenedsteel
arepreferred,butchromeplatedmildsteelandstainlesssteelarealsoacceptable.Thecoverofthemoldshallbeaflatplateat
least10mm(0.4in.)inthicknessandpreferablyhingedtothecavitysectiontominimizescratchingofthemoldsurfaces.Instead
ofaseparatemoldandcover,thecavitiesmaybecutdirectlyintotheplatenofthepress.Unlessrequired,donotuseamold
lubricantonthemoldsurfaces.Whenamoldlubricantisrequired,useonlyaresidualtypelubricant,whichdoesnotaffectthe
vulcanizedsheet,andremovetheexcesslubricantbyvulcanizinganddiscardingatleastonesetofsheets.Asiliconetypelubricant
ormildsoapsolutionhasbeenfoundsatisfactory.
8.3VulcanizationProcedure:
8.3.1Bringthemoldtocuringtemperaturewithin60.5C(1F)intheclosedpress,andholdatthistemperatureforatleast
20minbeforetheunvulcanizedpiecesareinserted.Verifythetemperatureofthemoldbymeansofathermocoupleorother
suitabletemperaturemeasuringdeviceinsertedinoneoftheoverflowgroovesandinintimatecontactwiththemold.
8.3.2Openthepress,inserttheunvulcanizedpiecesintothemold,andclosethepressintheminimumtimepossible.Whenthe
moldisremovedfromthepresstoinsertthepieces,takeprecautionstopreventexcessivecoolingofthemoldbycontactwithcool
metalsurfacesorbyexposuretoairdrafts.
8.3.3Considerthetimeofvulcanizationtobetheperiodbetweentheinstantthepressureisappliedfullyandtheinstantthe
pressureisreleased.Holdthemoldunderaminimumpressureof3.5MPa(500psi)onthecavityareasduringvulcanization.As
soonasthepressisopened,removethevulcanizedsheetsfromthemoldandcoolinwater(roomtemperatureorlower)orona
metalsurface(foritemsusedforelectricalmeasurements)for10to15min.Designateinthereportthetypeofcoolingused.

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FIG.1DesignofFourCavityMold

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8.3.4Conditionvulcanizatesofcompoundsatatemperatureof2362C(7363.6F)foratleast16h(Note4)andfornot
morethan96hbeforepreparingandtesting,unlessotherwisespecified.

NOTE 4Qualitycontrolofrubberproductionmayrequiretestingwithin1to6htoprovideclosesurveillanceoftheplantoperationhowever,slightly
differentresultsmaybeobtained.

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FIG.2CutoffBarTypeofTestofSlabMold

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NOTE 1AllotherdimensionsasinFig.1.
FIG.3DesignforFourCavitySmallTensileSheetMold

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D318289(2001)

FIG.4DesignofEightCavityMold,forSmallTensileSheetsMadebyModifyingtheMoldShowninFig.1

ASTMInternationaltakesnopositionrespectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentioned
inthisstandard.Usersofthisstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtherisk
ofinfringementofsuchrights,areentirelytheirownresponsibility.

Thisstandardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteeandmustbereviewedeveryfiveyearsand
ifnotrevised,eitherreapprovedorwithdrawn.Yourcommentsareinvitedeitherforrevisionofthisstandardorforadditionalstandards
andshouldbeaddressedtoASTMInternationalHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameetingofthe
responsibletechnicalcommittee,whichyoumayattend.Ifyoufeelthatyourcommentshavenotreceivedafairhearingyoushould
makeyourviewsknowntotheASTMCommitteeonStandards,attheaddressshownbelow.

ThisstandardiscopyrightedbyASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA194282959,
UnitedStates.Individualreprints(singleormultiplecopies)ofthisstandardmaybeobtainedbycontactingASTMattheabove
addressorat6108329585(phone),6108329555(fax),orservice@astm.org(email)orthroughtheASTMwebsite
(www.astm.org).

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