THE CHANGING DYNAMICS OF WOMEN IN RAJASTHAN POLICE

The police binds the society together, provides the umbrella of Law and Order, and
helps them in the path of development. Police in one or the other form, has existed in
the society from the earliest times. There are references to the police even in the Rig-
Veda. Police must remain in the society, and act as a catalyst for the society to remain
civilized and progressive. The police are therefore the primary constituent force in a
state for protecting the individuals in the exercise of the fundamental, legal and
economic rights, and for protecting all that is good for the individual, for the family and
for the society.

The increasing role of women, being half of the population, combined with the big
strides in gender sensitization of governance, has transformed the policing in new age.
Modern education along with the recognition of special needs and issues pertaining to
women has brought into focus the role of women in policing in India. Policing has
traditionally been seen as a male domain. But the limitations of males in providing the
assurance of gender justice and the increasing demand for including women in the law
and order apparatus, has ushered in an era when greater number of women are being
included in the police force. The requirement of understanding women related issues
and problems, and looking them through the prism of females, has heightened the need
for greater induction of women in the police, as well as, increasing their status of
empowerment in the force. The increase in women should reflect in the role in decision
making and the rise of women cops to top echelons of the police force. They should be
able to make an impact on the way policing is recognized in India as a male bastion.

Police in Ancient India

The police as a state department was already well established during the great days of
the Mauryan Empire, and even before that we have plenty of references to the work of
the police force, of officers and the men. In Muslim times during the centuries of
Pathans and Mughal rule, the police system in India was to some extent modified by
that of Iran. The kings guards were also deployed to catch thieves and other offenders.
There was also another department of the police force in ancient India viz. the
intelligence or detective department.

In Europe, the word police means a force for the city. It sounds similar as that to in
ancient India, one of the titles for the chief police officer was Nagarpal or the protector of
the city. They were like our present day Chaukidar i.e. holding a Chaukidar or police
outpost. As described earlier, the chief officer or commissioner of police in a city was
known as the Nagarpal and sometimes as Kotpal which meant the protector of the town.
The name Kotpal has continued to our days Kotwal in Hindi. We all are now familiar
that in cities of north India the central police office is called Kotwali. So the word Kotwali
is a personalized Indian word, really came from the police organization of pre-Muslim
times of India.

In ancient India the police force was fully subservient to the king. As the head of the
state had devolved power, the police man were responsible to the king. If anything went
wrong or did not please the king, the policemen were held responsible for that and
sometimes they were met with drastic punishments. They tried their very best to
apprehend and get punishment meted out to all wrongdoers or suspected.

The present day police system in India thus has its roots in the organization for the
maintenance of peace and order in ancient pre-Muslim period. The police in ancient
times had also other duties to perform. They were also the collectors of tolls and taxes.
There were little stations on the highways with few policemen who would take the toll
from the vendors going out to sell certain dutiable goods .these stations were called as
gamut and later they were called as chukkas and the policemen there on duty were
called as Chaukidars in post-Muslim period. This word Chaukidars has also come down
to our everyday life even now and it is used in certain part of our country to mean the
rural police.

The modern policemen or women of any advance country are a public servant, who is
now there to perform his or her duties towards the public. He or she is now the guardian
for peace and to act in an elderly way as a guardian. They are there to develop the
habits of discipline and sense of responsibility among the citizens.

With the change in society, the role and function of the police also undergo change.
However the proportion and dimensions of these changes have roots in the earlier
developments which had taken place in traditional societies.

In the rural areas the police are generally involved in tackling general criminal cases like
robbery, theft, murder etc. But in urban areas the police not only provide security and
protection to the public, they are also involved in some welfare activities. In big cities the
police directs the traffic, provide security during big sporting events, control the political
processions and strikes, tackle communal riots, terrorist and other anti-social activities
etc. the state governments also have to depend on the police for the tackling of the
various political movements in different areas of the state and country. Another vital
function of the police is to provide security to VIPs and during natural calamities such
as flood, drought etc.

General Structure Of Police Services With Women

No account of the organization of police services is complete without some mention of

the valuable women police. Women auxiliaries, with somewhat indeterminate status and
duties and limited powers were given to them in the beginning then gradually they were
regularly organized as an integral part of the metropolitan police. Then they were
formally given powers of police officers including the power of arrest. By these gradual
changes the status, position and power of women police have been properly regulated
and they are on the same footing as their male colleagues in respect of power, pay and
promotion. Now they are given the regular titles of constable, sergeant, inspector and
superintendent. Promotion is by merit, subject to the passing of promotion
examinations. Police procedure and administration lists their duties as follows:
Patrol Duties And Clerical Work

1. Duties in connection with women and children reported missing.

2. Find ill, destitute or homeless.
3. Victims of sexual offences.
4. Taking statements from women and children on case related to them.
5. Seeking women and children in hospitals, police-stations, remand home and
approved schools.
6. Watching female prisoners or women who have attempted suicide.
7. Attendance of women and children in courts
8. Searching and attending female prisoners.
9. Women are now also eligible for recruitment in C.I.D. and there is a steady
increase in the number of women employed in this specialized work-field.

Police and Gender Justice

What does it mean? Police in India is a male dominated organization and to be honest,
the number of the women police at the higher posts may be handful but at the lower
level may be a few thousands.

Gender Justice is a concept of recent origin. It was not there when the Indian Police
Act-1861 was enacted. It is in 1939, a few women were recruited to police services in
India but they were not performing any police jobs as the women in India were not
inclined to join police force as constables or higher police officials. Marriages were really
difficult for police women and people used to speak a lot of stories about the women
police. And she was a silent spectator for whatever was occurring.

Women could not demand gender justice for herself because the administration as well
as the police were totally male dominated. Then gradually women offenders started
complaining about abusive attitude, sexual harassment and tortuous behavior of male
police during investigation. Gradually reform commissions came forward with the
demand of the women police to investigate the cases related to women victims and
juveniles. And then with the coming of demand for women reservation (33%) in
services, all the departments are compelled to appoint women in each and every
department, including police force, and on the same working conditions and facilities
provided to male employees.

Necessity and Demand of Women Police

Due to the development and progress in 21st century, women also rose to prove their
mettle. Police department is such a department, which has a duty to save life and
property of public, and above all to maintain law and order in the society. It is the duty of
the police force to use their power and authority for the welfare of the public in a well-
disciplined and intellectual manner. Due to rapid modernization men and women desire
to live a materialistic life, which is leading them to the path of crime and offences. They
have started committing severe crimes like robbery, theft, cheating, corruption, rivalries,
violence, rape, murder, prostitution etc. in order to fulfill their desires. When crime is
increasing so rapidly, the type of criminals is also increasing i.e. even women and
children besides men are getting increasingly involved. In such situations where female
offenders are there, to control and investigate them women police is necessary. Such
offenders could now be found in every strata, higher society as well as in lower society.
Now in such a social, political, economic and intellectual complexity women police
assume a greater responsibility and duty.

Women, whether an officer or sub-ordinate, is able to comprehend gender issues and

help in solving problems related to crime by or towards women by her sensitivities and
sensibilities. Shecan help and provide opportunities to women offenders and children to
lead a good life. Women can understand the feelings, pains, emotions, situations and
circumstances of other women as compared to their male counterparts.

Beginning of Women Police

Women were brought into the criminal justice system as a response to social forces in
the late 1800's and early 1900's. Rapid industrialization increased several problems like
the breakdown of the family, poverty, youth unrest, female crime, child labor and social
disorganization. Then various women movements arose and she began to look outside
home for self-fulfillment and get an opportunity to help the needy persons in solving
their problems. A major factor was that the criminal offences were increasing and many
criminal offenders were women and children. This created a need for women
professionals in police to solve the problems associated with women criminals in
custody, as police stations were dominated by male staff. In the course of these events
women became involved in police service as a part of wider social development.

Most of the women appointed during initial periods came from social work background.
Their duty generally included supervision of public places of recreation, responsibility for
female suspects and missing persons. Due to the background of these women and the
nature of their assignments the female police officers came to be viewed as a special
social worker.

At the turn of the century, general social developments influenced the administration of
police services. Female employees began demanding that they must be allowed to do
the same work as males and be provided with the same opportunities for promotion and
salary. Women today are more interested than ever before in working in areas
traditionally dominated by men, and the law is supportive to them.

In our country for the first time when the strike of laborers was held in Kanpur 1938,
women laborers played an important and effective role. Then the need of women police
was felt. Then later on in 1947 also it was felt that the women must be appointed in
police departments. Then in 1948 on regular basis the appointment of women police
started. And, at last in 1977 in all the states the establishments of women police was
accepted as an imparted part of police administration and women police jails and
prisons were pledged to be established, women police prisons were for the first time
established in Kerala. And after that in the various states like Bhopal, Gwalior and
Indore of M.P. also these were established.

Origin of Women Police:

Women police in U.P. had their origin in the year 1948.

Women police in M.P. in the year 1956.
Women police in A.P. in the year before 1956
Women police in Kerala in the year 1938.
Women police in Maharashtra in the year 1960.
Women police in Orissa in the year 1965.
Women police in Punjab in the year 1949.
Women police in Haryana in the year 1966.
Women police in Ahmadabad in the year 1949.
Women police in Delhi in the year 1948.
Women police in Rajasthan had their origin in the year 1955.

Women Police and Mentality of the Public

Paternalistic system divided the works of males and females, and decided their
domains. But in the modern world these limits have lost their relevance. Due to this,
women are now working and are involved increase in which they were earlier prohibited.
Today they perform and give good results in those areas which were traditionally
considered as male bastions. Women, who are in police services, are under more
pressure than the women involved in other fields of work.

In the rapidly transforming social framework, it becomes very necessary and important
to know about the working attitude, responsibilities and capabilities of women working in
the police. It is also relevant to know the perception, mentality, thinking, viewpoints etc.
of the public towards the women police.

Normally the public has the following views:-

1. The role and nature of work in police demands masculine attributes like physical
strength, stiffness and aggressiveness. These can rarely be seen in female
members. As female characteristics are just the opposite, viz. dependence, soft
heartedness, soft speaking, devotion, lack of confidence and feeling of
adjustment.
 2. In the role of police, women have to live in such an environment, which is
considered as male dominated chauvinistic environment. Not only these, there
are also some individuals who are considered as cruel, empathy less and
hardhearted.

3. Women in police have to face criminals, wrongdoers and aggressive crowds,

who are against social norms and values.

4. During police services women have to stay with their male colleagues on duty at
odd hours, like late night or early hours in morning. These are such times when a
woman is expected to be with her family.

5. Fieldwork is an important aspect in the role of a policewoman. As a result she

has to go various places for investigation or related tasks. It is a necessary and
compulsory part of their duty.

6. Police service is a round the clock duty, in which no fixed and regular schedule
could be observed. Odd duty hours become a hindrance and create problems in
their daily domestic family life.

7. It is a possibility that males in the police are not habitual to accept the presence
of women police in their department and management.

8. In police services women have to struggle in front of their male colleagues to

prove their significance. They sometimes can also feel that their work is being
keenly and sharply noticed. As a result their behavior is normally affected, which
increases their pressure and discomfort. Due to this their natural behavior is
affected and turns them to perform abnormal behavior.

Duties and Responsibilities of Women Police

Practically women police also have the same work as the male police. All their duties
and responsibilities are the same. Legally also the work related to men and women
police are distributed equally. No discrimination is there regarding the duties and
responsibilities. Sometimes women police are appointed for some special and important
work, which only they can perform efficiently. In India, following are the main duties and
responsibilities performed by the women police:

1. Guarding over female prisoners in police lock-up. It is highly objectionable to leave

young female prisoners not infrequently ill, injured, menstruating, and pregnant in
the custody of male police especially during night.
2. Arrest of female suspects and suspects and searching of female prisoners.
3. Escorting of female prisoners who are mental patients to the institutions.
4. Escorting of female prisoners to courts, hospitals and prisons.
5. Protection of neglected and unwanted children and victims of cruelty.
6. Investigation of certain crimes committed by women, e.g. shoplifting, thefts by
domestic servants, infanticide, immoral trafficking in women, girls, dowry related
crimes, etc.
7. Execution of warrants and service of summons for female.
8. Investigation of complaints involving women.
9. Control of political and labor demonstrations involving females.
10. Security of VIP officers and other related works.
11. Investigation of women in Purdah at airports, railway stations etc., regarding
passports and visa.
12. Liaison works with social women welfare organization.
13. Surveillance of women criminal and juveniles.
14. Providing protection to women and child workers in factories.
15. Undercover works involving prostitution in hotels, apartments etc.
16. To maintain law and order during the time of women rallies and meetings.
17. On airports to take the personal inquiry, their personal checking and checking of
their luggage
18. During riots and emergencies taking the responsibility of the security and provide
help to the women and children
19. The work of public relations etc.
20. Recovering of missing women, girls and juveniles.

Problems of women police and suggestions to remove them-

Recent decades have witnessed huge rise in crimes. The situation gets more typical
when these crimes are committed by women or are committed against women.

Due to fear of defamation and social stigma, often sufferer women desist from going to
the police station and file report. Moreover the fear of police stations also prevents
women and they are unable to tell their sufferings, problems and pains to the police
officers.

On the other hand, where there are women criminals, their arrest, remand,
investigation, etc. also throws up a challenge in front of the police. Therefore, in both the
situations, whether to provide relief to the suffering women or to prevent women
criminals from unlawful acts, the requirement of women police is strongly felt. Therefore,
National Police Commission laid very important recommendations for the existence of
women police in the police department.

There is a need to sensitize male colleagues of women in the police regarding some
women related issues. During the odd times of menstruation and pregnancy women in
police are unable to perform duties with full responsibility. At these times often the male
colleagues try to embarrass and harass them.

Even after so many problems women police is an example of devotion and a symbol of
new hopes and consciousness especially for exploited and suffering women. To make
the role of women police more efficient, it is necessary to provide efficient training with
modern techniques to the women police officers. Attractive salaries, good opportunities
of promotions, proper health and medical facilities, residence, education for children etc.
should be managed properly for women police workers, so that women get attracted
and motivated towards joining police.

Historical Background of Rajasthan Police

In Rajasthans sub-states and estates, feudal lords like Zamindars, Jagiradars, Bhomis,
Muneems and Gumashtas constituted a hierarchical system and the role of the king has
been merely of ornamental nature. The farmers revolting movements and opposition
against the lag-baags were actually less of movements and more of disagreements
against the suppressing form of the contemporary feudal system. This fact is also
memorable that on one hand the Mughal Empire was getting disintegrated very fast and
on the other had plundering by the Maratha Pants and Peshwas (the ruler class) was
continuously increasing. As a result, in that state of vacuum, an environment of fearful
anarchy was produced in which every ruler, Rav, Zamindar, Jagirdar and Bhupati
started expansion of own territory. Due to this reason, in the contemporary Rajasthan
state, the dominance/monopoly of (thieves and dacoits) Thags and Pindaris was also
established. These were the very circumstances in which big states like Jaipur, Jodhpur
and Udaipur also one by one, accepted British supremacy and signed treaties with East
India Company so that they would be able to safe guard themselves against the
external anarchy and uncontrolled feudal system. There is no doubt that British policy
has been enlivened by its territorial goals and confined motives. Regarding this subject
of territoriality, a researcher writes This logic was alright for Hastings and British writes
that Rajput states welcomed the 1818 treaties because they got freedom from Maratha
and Pindaari attacks. Actually, Rajput rules contribution in the signing of these treaties
was negligible. The one and only basic reason for these treaties was the understanding
of the British about their own welfare. Here, a fundamental question, which arises, is:
Why did the pitiable condition and downfall of Rajput states occur? The main fault of
Rajput system was its basis in the policy of chastity. The chastity basis of feudal lords
was to protect their stability and their groupism was a never-ending story.

Feudal anarchy was a constant element. Rajput rulers had to accept British protection
for the safeguard of their thrones. Suppression of feudal lords and the assurance of
protection of their rights was the ultimate facility that the rules could imagine at that
time. For the next 50 years, British rulers had to make various plans to control this
dynastic feudalism.

This is worth mentioning that in the Pre-British rule, the only police system found, was a
feudal system of Jagirdari, in which there was the dominance of the chaste caste-
system and on basis of this system, police rights were given to associates of oneself so
that solid revenue collection would be done on basis of police station and courts and
opposition in collection of Laag-baag could be faced. This is the reason why, whereas
in Alwar State, till 1871, (In the modern sense) there was no police system and in
Bikaner till 1883 army and Jaagir Police did police work. In the state of Jodhpur before
1885 was no organized police system. Almost the same types of situations were
prevalent in Banswara, Dholpur and Jaisalmer areas.

Mounted Police Force

Alone with armed and army police, in Rajasthan (earlier Rajputana) Mounted police was
also established. In Mewar in 1940 during the 2nd restructuring of police, number of
mounted police was reduced from 374 to 65. The state provided for horses and their
accessories. In Kota also in 1907, Mounted police was under the care of Risaldar.
Mounted police was also present in Bundi, Dhaulpur, Karauli etc states. In all states,
often, reserved police force was put up in barracks. As per need, special police
temporarily organized. Special police was also provided for safety of railway routes.

Along with the restructuring of police other systems like keeping records, parades,
arranging training, wearing uniform, talking fingerprints of criminals were gradually
begun. Contemporary rulers also made provisions to give rewards for good work and
punishment for making mistakes. Attention was paid to increase salaries and facilities of
policemen. Pistols and rifles were provided in place of swords. In this way police was
given a totally new look.

Crime Investigation Department (C.I.D.)

C.I.D was located at Ajmer. In august 1944 it was restructured. The work of this
department was divided into 3 and it was put under the I.G.P and Resident Consultant
of Rajputana. Different works areas of routine branch, crime branch and special
branches were segregated. In charges of each branch was an officer of the level of
Inspectors. Ajmer district Intelligence Staff was made a separate organization and was
headed by Sub Superintendent Police. In Jaipur state, there were no sub S.Ps but they
were called Assistant Superintendent Police.

Effect of Rajasthan Unification on Police

Many problems arose after independence due to simultaneous partition of the nation
and unification of Riyasats. Jagidars and other classes of society with fewer powers
could guess the identity crises coming onto them. In them, a feeling of revolt and worry
got developed. As a result of this, they armed themselves and tried to revolt strongly.
The downfall of Jagirdari system made many disillusioned youth live the despised lives
of dacoits. The ones who were armed with modern ammunition, made their own gangs.
Gradually, these anti-social gangs became a challenge for the law and order situation.
Activities of Jayaram Pesha caste and the traditional rivalry between Rajputs and Jats
added fuel to the fire of illegal activities.

Police Force in Newly Formed State of Rajasthan

Rajasthan has a very prestigious place in the history of India. At the time of
independence this territory was famous as Rajputana and was divided into many large
and small Riyasats. After independence these Riyasats also got independence.

The formation of Rajasthan state was done by the unification of 19 ruled states and 33
sub-states. They were not similar in population, geographical area, financial and social
background and administrative from.

Unification and Development of Organized Police

It is a well-known fact that the unification process of Rajasthan went on till 1956. In this
process the police force in Riyasats was amalgamated. The Headquarter of police of
entire Rajasthan was at Jaipur. The post of I.G. was created here. R. Banerji was the
first police I.G. of Rajasthan.

Initially on May 07, 1949 a unification committee was formed. Recommendations of this
committee led to the uniformity in police view, the state was divided into 5 circles and
they were further divided into districts. These circles were of Ajmer Bikaner, Jodhpur,
Kota and Udaipur.

A memorable fact is that in the newly formed state, Uniform Police Code, Indian Penal
code, Criminal Judiciary Code, Witness Act and Police Act 1861 etc. were introduced. In
this context, as per the need, posts of sub-I.G. and Police Inspector were created. In
1951 Rajasthan Police Service (R.P.S.) was introduced. As an extension of India police
service, the able police officers were included in R.P.S. A Seniority list and new rules
and regulations of appointment and promotion were also made in this regard.

Alongside, C.I.D. was also restructured. It was headed by A.S.P. or Sub S.P. Statistical
branch was established for cumulating crime records. Afterwards Modus Operandi
Bureau was formed for defining crime and criminals. Forensic Science Laboratory was
established to investigate crimes. Finger Print Bureau was brought to Jaipur from Mt.
Abu.
District police was given this responsibility in unification of railway police. Safety guards
were sent to railways. In 1954 separate railway police Force was formed for the entire
railway region.

Review of Literature Relating to Women Police

Review of literature helps to identify the present trends, find the changing patterns and
identify the running threads. The study of women police coincided with the entry of Kiran
Bedi into the Indian Police service. To what extent can women be entrusted with the
rough and tumble of police life in the rapidly degenerating law and order conditions is
Khopde Suresh, Polisancha Sanscrutic Gondhal, Maharashtra Times, July 10, 2012,
p.4.

Delhi, 1993, p.160. Even today, a matter of controversy. There is a need for creating
and strengthening the women police in all states at the district level to work with
children, women and in Social service role. Women were no doubt being employed on a
casual basis to fulfill certain legal requirements, as in the case of search of women
prisoners in custody. But they were never a part of the force. The services of women
police are utilized in a variety of chores, especially for interacting with women
complaints victims. Apart from escorting women prisoners they were found useful for
tackling women participating in public demonstrations which disrupt vehicular traffic and
threaten public peace. To encourage women shed their inhibition in going to police
stations because of the latters essentially male compassion a few states have
established all women police stations.

Earlier the district police used to investigate cases relating to problems of women
including cases of demand of dowry, immoral traffic in women and girls, rape,
eveteasing, etc. However, a need was felt to open Police Stations headed by women
police officers and hence the first Mahila Police Station was established in March 1989
at Jaipur. Now there are 40 women Police Station in Rajasthan at Jaipur 4 (Jaipur City
North, South, East, west), Ajmer, Nagaur, Jodhpur City, Jodhpur Rural, Jodhpur west,
Jalor, Kota City, Kota Rural, Baran, Jhalawar, Alwar, Sikar, Ganganagar, Rajsamand,
Bundi, Sirohi, Jaipur Rural, Tonk, Jhunjhunu, Dholpur, Pratapgarh, Barmer, Dausa,
Dungarpur, Jaisalmer and Karoli. Cased registered at these police stations are
investigated by women police officers. Als o, for better supervision and monitoring of
these cases, a cell has been created in the CID (Crime Branch) headed by
aSuperintendent of Police. Similarly, for better coordination at the district level, women
cells have been created in 43 district headquarters.

Women had broken the legal and practical barriers to enter into police department.
They were as capable as men in handling routine police tasks. There are a different
attitudes and values and perceptions that influence the way in which they do the work.
Though the status of women in police has been considered indispensible, the use of
their potentialities is yet inadequate, sidelined and stagnant.
The creation of a womens wing is essentially a postindependence decision. Prior to
this, there was sporadic recruitment of small number of women in just a few centers.
They were never a part of the force. The services of women police are utilized in a
variety of chores especially for interacting with women complainants / victims. Apart
from escorting women prisoners, they are found useful for talking women participating in
public demonstration. National police commission in its fifth report said that the entire
philosophy culture and attitude of police should be such as to make a police station
appear and function as a ready source of relief for persons in distress. In their view, the
presence of police women in police station would help to a greater extent in achieving
the objective. It was also suggested in the report that women police force should be
strengthened and assigned to investigation in a greater measure that at present.
Women should be recruited in a larger number particularly as Assistant Sub Inspector
(ASI) and Sub Inspectors (SI) of Police. Kulshreshtra Anupam, Professional grooming -
women in police, BPR&D Journal, 2004, p.44.

Raghavan R. K. Policing, A Democracy A comparative study of India and the U.S.,

Manahar Publications, 1999, p. 222. 134 Patil216, Minister of state, Home Affairs said
that with a 30 percent reservation for women to provide amenities for women police at
police stations such as separate washrooms, changing rooms is must. The minister is
trying to remove disparity in salary structure, making the police jobs more attractive and
prestigious for women.

Tyagi Sharma, DIG, CISF, believes that authority carries with responsibility. Initially for
women police, there was a lack of response. However she is grateful to her seniors,
who have set precedent and proved their work. In today scenario women are easily
acceptable in police services a male bastion.

Review of Literature Relating to Women Police

Review of literature helps to identify the present trends, find the changing patterns and
identify the running threads. The study of women police coincided with the entry of Kiran
Bedi into the Indian Police service. To what extent can women be entrusted with the
rough and tumble of police life in the rapidly degenerating law and order conditions is
Khopde Suresh, Polisancha Sanscrutic Gondhal, Maharashtra Times, July 10, 2012,
p.4.

Delhi, 1993, p.160. Even today, a matter of controversy. There is a need for creating
and strengthening the women police in all states at the district level to work with
children, women and in Social service role. Women were no doubt being employed on a
casual basis to fulfill certain legal requirements, as in the case of search of women
prisoners in custody. But they were never a part of the force. The services of women
police are utilized in a variety of chores, especially for interacting with women
complaints victims. Apart from escorting women prisoners they were found useful for
tackling women participating in public demonstrations which disrupt vehicular traffic and
threaten public peace. To encourage women shed their inhibition in going to police
stations because of the latters essentially male compassion a few states have
established all women police stations.

Earlier the district police used to investigate cases relating to problems of women
including cases of demand of dowry, immoral traffic in women and girls, rape,
eveteasing, etc. However, a need was felt to open Police Stations headed by women
police officers and hence the first Mahila Police Station was established in March 1989
at Jaipur. Now there are 40 women Police Station in Rajasthan at Jaipur 4 (Jaipur City
North, South, East, west), Ajmer, Nagaur, Jodhpur City, Jodhpur Rural, Jodhpur west,
Jalor, Kota City, Kota Rural, Baran, Jhalawar, Alwar, Sikar, Ganganagar, Rajsamand,
Bundi, Sirohi, Jaipur Rural, Tonk, Jhunjhunu, Dholpur, Pratapgarh, Barmer, Dausa,
Dungarpur, Jaisalmer and Karoli. Cased registered at these police stations are
investigated by women police officers. Als o, for better supervision and monitoring of
these cases, a cell has been created in the CID (Crime Branch) headed by
aSuperintendent of Police. Similarly, for better coordination at the district level, women
cells have been created in 43 district headquarters.

Women had broken the legal and practical barriers to enter into police department.
They were as capable as men in handling routine police tasks. There are a different
attitudes and values and perceptions that influence the way in which they do the work.
Though the status of women in police has been considered indispensible, the use of
their potentialities is yet inadequate, sidelined and stagnant.

The creation of a womens wing is essentially a postindependence decision. Prior to

this, there was sporadic recruitment of small number of women in just a few centers.
They were never a part of the force. The services of women police are utilized in a
variety of chores especially for interacting with women complainants / victims. Apart
from escorting women prisoners, they are found useful for talking women participating in
public demonstration. National police commission in its fifth report said that the entire
philosophy culture and attitude of police should be such as to make a police station
appear and function as a ready source of relief for persons in distress. In their view, the
presence of police women in police station would help to a greater extent in achieving
the objective. It was also suggested in the report that women police force should be
strengthened and assigned to investigation in a greater measure that at present.
Women should be recruited in a larger number particularly as Assistant Sub Inspector
(ASI) and Sub Inspectors (SI) of Police. Kulshreshtra Anupam, Professional grooming -
women in police, BPR&D Journal, 2004, p.44.

Raghavan R. K. Policing A Democracy A comparative study of India and the U.S.,

Manahar Publications, 1999, p. 222. Patil216, Minister of state, Home Affairs said that
with a 30 percent reservation for women to provide amenities for women police at police
stations such as separate washrooms, changing rooms is must. The minister is trying to
remove disparity in salary structure, making the police jobs more attractive and
prestigious for women.
Tyagi Sharma, DIG, CISF219 believes that authority carries with responsibility. Initially
for women police, there was a lack of response. However she is grateful to her seniors,
who have set precedent and proved their work. In today scenario women are easily
acceptable in police services a male bastion.

Objectives of the Study

The objective of this study is to evaluate the various aspects of women police in
administration. The study is proposed to be divided as follows:-

1. To understand the role of women in the police.

2. To analyze the socio-economic profile of the respondents
3. To find out the factors of motivation of women towards employment.
4. To identify the reasons as to why women choose police as a profession.
5. To gain a broader idea of working women in the police profession regarding their
social and domestic factors.
6. The extent to which service operates as an effective mechanism in shaping the
personality of working women.
7. To study and analyze the nature and extent of role of women in police
administration.
8. The conflict between the roles concerning the employment duties of
policewomen and her family.
9. To study the administrative setup of Rajasthan police.
10. To study various roles of women police according to their cadres.
11. To study the role adjustment of women police.
12. To analyze the extent of inequalities, discrimination and exploitation faced by the
respondents as women police.
Sample

The sample for this study would be drawn from the working women in police in the
Jaipur city. Purposive sampling would be adopted as the method for drawing the
sample of the study as it conforms to the requirements of the objectives of the study.
As it can be not possible to study the entire area and besides that it is not possible to
study each and every cadre of women police in Rajasthan, therefore Jaipur is
proposed as the universe of this study. There are numerous women working in the
police in Jaipur, thus it could provide a sufficient sample to survey.
 Research Methodology

The researcher primarily will use the secondary data in this present research venture.
Various reports of Commissions established at International, National and State level
have been the main source of study. Besides, various books authored by eminent
scientists, legal pundits and other have been the basis of study. Various articles and
papers published in reputed journals and magazines helped a lot in completing this
venture.

The sample of this research study would comprise educated women and hence for
drawing necessary information a comprehensive interview schedule is considered to
be the most appropriate tool for it. The schedule has been designed in such a manner
that information about the women working in police, regarding their socio economic
background, family responsibilities, marital status, family status, job satisfaction, job
motivation, service conditions, problems in adjustment etc. could be obtained in
details. In addition to it, personal interviews and observations would also find part of
the research methodology. The relevant and required data would be consolidated and
analyzed and inferences drawn so as to present a realistic position regarding the
respondents of the study, who represent the working women in police.
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