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8
A 2000-kg automobile starts from rest at point A on a 6o
incline and coasts through a distance of 150 m to point B. The
brakes are then applied, causing the automobile to come to a
stop at point C, 20 m from B. Knowing that slipping is
impending during the braking period and neglecting air
resistance and rolling resistance, determine (a) the speed of the
automobile at point B, (b) the coefficient of static friction
between the tires and the road.
SOLUTION
Given: Automobile Weight W = mg = (2000 kg) (9.81)
W = 19, 620 N
Initial Velocity A, v A = 0 m/s
Incline Angle, = 6
Vehicle brakes at impending slip for 20 m from B to C
vC = 0
Find; speed of automobile at point B, vB
(a) U A B =
WhA B (19620 N) (150 m)sin 6
= 307.63 103 N m
1 2
U A B = TB TA = mv 0
2
1
307.63 =
103 N m (2000 kg) vB2 0
2
vB = 17.54 m/s
(b) U A C = WhA C Fd B C = TC TA = 0
d B C = 20 m F = N
Where = coefficient of static friction
U=
AC (19620 N) (sin 6) (170 m) F (20 m)
=F (19620 N) cos 6
(19620 N) (sin 6) (170 m) m (19620 N) (cos 6) (20 m) =
0
170
= = tan 6 0.893 = 0.893
20
SOLUTION
=k 0.35
= =
FB (0.35)(100 kips) 35 kips
= =
FC (0.35)(80 kips) 28 kips
= =
v1 30 mi/h 44 ft/s =v2 0=
T2 0
T1 + V1 2 =
T2
1 80 kips
(44)2 FAB (124.07 ft) =
0
2 32.2
FAB = +19.38 kips
Car C: T1 + U1 2 =
T2
1 80 kips
(44) 2 + ( FBC 28 kips)(124.07 ft) =
0
2 32.2
FBC 28 kips =19.38 kips
SOLUTION
Let F be the cable tension and vB be the velocity of collar B when it strikes the support. Consider the collar B.
Its movement is horizontal so only horizontal forces acting on B do work. Let d be the distance through which
the 30 lb applied force moves.
(T1 ) B + (U12 ) B =
(T2 ) B
1 18
0 + 30d (2 F )(2) = vB2
2 32.2
30d 4 F =
0.27950vB2 (1)
Now consider the weight A. When the collar moves 2 ft to the left, the weight moves 4 ft up, since the cable
length is constant. Also, v A = 2vB .
(T1 ) A + (U1 2 ) A =
(T2 ) B
1W
0 + ( F WA )(4) = A v A2
2 g
1 6
4 F (6)(4) = (2vB ) 2
2 32.2
4 F 24 =
0.37267 vB2 (2)
Add Eqs. (1) and (2) to eliminate F.
30d 24 =
0.65217vB2 (3)
(a) Case =
a: d 2=
ft, vB ?
(30)(2) (24) =
0.65217vB2
(a) A 120-lb woman rides a 15-lb bicycle up a 3-percent slope at a constant speed of 5 ft/s. How much power
must be developed by the woman? (b) A 180-lb man on an 18-lb bicycle starts down the same slope and
maintains a constant speed of 20 ft/s by braking. How much power is dissipated by the brakes? Ignore air
resistance and rolling resistance.
SOLUTION
3
=
tan = 1.718
100
(a) W =WB + WW =15 + 120
W = 135 lb
PW = W v = (W sin ) (v)
PB = (198)(sin 1.718)(20)
=PB 118.7 ft lb/s
(b)
SOLUTION
Let position 1 be the starting position 8 m from the end of the spring when it is compressed 50 mm by the
cable. Let position 2 be the position of maximum compression. Let x be the additional compression of the
spring. Use the principle of work and energy. T1 + V1 + U12 = T2 + V2
1 2 1
Position 1. =T1 = mv1 =
(50)(2) 2
100 J
2 2
V=
1g =
mgh1 (50)(9.81)(8sin 20=
) 1342.09 J
1 2 1
V1e = ke1 =(30 103 )(0.05) 2 =
37.5 J
2 2
1 2
Position 2. =T2 = mv2 0 since= v2 0.
2
V2 g =mgh2 =(50)(9.81)( x sin 20) =167.76 x
1 2 1
V2e = ke2 = (30 103 )(0.05 + x)2 = 37.5 + 1500 x + 15, 000 x 2
2 2
Work of the friction force.
Fn =
0
N mg cos 20 =0
= N mg cos 20
= (50)(9.81) cos 20
= 460.92 N
F f = mk N
= (0.2)(460.92)
= 92.184
U12 = Ff d
=
92.184(8 + x)
=
737.47 92.184 x
=
167.76 x + 37.5 + 1500 x + 15, 000 x 2
SOLUTION
Calculate the speed of the car as it reaches Point B using the principle of conservation of energy as the car
travels from position A to position B.
1 2
Position A: =
v A 0, =
TA = mv A 0,=
VA 0 (datum)
2
Position B: VB = mgh
where h is the decrease in elevation between A and B.
1 2
TB = mvB
2
Conservation of energy: TA + VA = TB + VB :
1 2
0=
+0 mvB mgh
2
vB2 = 2 gh
= (2)(9.81 m/s 2 )(27 m)(1 cos 40)
= 123.94 m 2 /s 2
Normal acceleration at B:
vB2 123.94 m 2 /s 2
( aB =
)n = = 4.59 m/s 2
27 m
(a B )n = 4.59 m/s 2 50
Apply Newtons second law to the car at B.
=N mg cos 40=
man m( g cos 40 an )
= (250 kg)[(9.81 m/s 2 ) cos 40 4.59 m/s 2 ]
= 1878.7 1147.5 N = 731 N
SOLUTION
W 1
For the collar, =
m = = 0.031056 lb s 2 /ft
g 32.2
At A: A = 7 + 5 + 5 = 17 in.
=
0 = 1 ft
12 in.
At B: B = (7 + 5) 2 + 52 = 13 in.
2
B =
0 =
1.8 in. ft
3
Velocity of the collar at B.
Use the principle of conservation of energy.
TA + VA = TB + VB
1 2
Where =
TA = mv A 0
2
1
VA= k ( A 0 ) 2 + W (0)
2
1
= (10)(1) 2 + 0= 5 ft lb
2
1 2 1
=
TB = mvB (0.031056) = vB2 0.015528vB2
2 2
1
VB= k ( B 0 )2 + Wh
2
2
1 2 5
= (10) + (1)
2 3 12
= 1.80556 ft lb
=
0 + 5 0.015528
= vB2 1.80556
vB2 = 205.72 ft 2 /s 2 vB = 14.34 ft/s
Forces at B.
2
Fs = k ( B 0 ) = (10) = 6.6667 lb.
3
5
sina =
13
5
= 5= in. ft
12
mv 2
man = B
(0.031056)(205.72)
=
5/12
= 15.3332 lb
=Fy ma y : Fs sin a
= W + N man
N = man + W Fs sin a
5
= 15.3332 + 1 (6.6667)
13
N = 13.769 lb N = 13.77 lb
A truck is traveling down a road with a 4-percent grade at a speed of 60 mi/h when its brakes are applied to
slow it down to 20 mi/h. An antiskid braking system limits the braking force to a value at which the wheels of
the truck are just about to slide. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between the road and the wheels
is 0.60, determine the shortest time needed for the truck to slow down.
SOLUTION
4
tan 1 = 2.29
=
100
mv1 + imp1 2 = mv 2
mv1 + Wt sin Ft =
mv2
= =
v1 60 mi/h 88 ft/s = W mg
N W cos=
= F m=
= 29.33 ft/s =
v2 20 mi/h sN m sW cos
( m )(88 ft/s) + ( m )(32.2 ft/s 2 )(t )(sin 2.29) (0.60)( m )(32.2 ft/s 2 )(cos 2.29)(t ) =)(29.33
(m ft/s)
88 29.33
t= t = 3.26 s
32.2[(0.60) cos 2.29 sin 2.29]
SOLUTION
Given: m=
A 6=
g 0.006 kg Impulse-Momentum Diagram in x-direction:
mB = 1 kg
l = 2.2 m
=60
Impulse-Momentum in the x-direction during impact: mA=
v0 ( mA + mB ) v1 (1)
Apply Work-Energy between the impact location and the maximum swing angle (Datum at the pivot, O):
1
3 = T2 + Vg 2 + Ve2
T1 + Vg1 + Ve1 + U1NC where:=T1 ( mA + mB ) v12
2
( mA + mB ) gl
Vg1 =
( mA + mB ) gl cos
Vg1 =
1
Hence: ( mA + mB ) v12 ( mA + mB ) g =
( mA + mB ) gl cos
2
Solving for v1: =v1 2 gl (1 cos )
= 4.646 m/s
v0 =
( mA + mB ) v
(a) Substitute into (1) and solve for v0: 1 v0 = 778.92 m/s
mA
(b) Write the Impulse Moment Equation for the block during impact:
0 + Fdt =
mB v1 Fdt = 4.646 J
(c) FBD of Block just after impact:
F n = man
v12
T ( mA + mB ) g = ( mA + mB ) T = 19.74 N
l
v2
( mA + mB ) 1 + g
T=
l
Collars A and B, of the same mass m, are moving toward each other
with identical speeds as shown. Knowing that the coefficient of
restitution between the collars is e, determine the energy lost in the
impact as a function of m, e and v.
SOLUTION
Impulse-momentum principle (collars A and B):
mv1 + Imp12 = mv 2
Horizontal components : mA v A + mB vB = mA vA + mB vB
or vA + vB =
0 (1)
Apply coefficient of restitution.
vB vA = e(v A vB )
vB vA= e [v (v)]
vB vA = 2ev (2)
v A = ev v A = ev
vB = ev v B = ev
1 1 1 2 1
Kinetic energies: T=
1 mA v A2 + mB v=
2
B mv + m(v)= 2
mv 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
T2 = mA (vA ) 2 + mB (vB ) 2 = m(ev) 2 + m(ev) 2 = e2 mv 2
2 2 2 2
SOLUTION
(A)
1
v" A =
[(0.707 v0 ) 2 + (0.0707v0 ) 2 ] 2 =0.711v0
= 0.711v0
0.0707
= tan 1 = 5.7106
0.707
So =
45 5.7106 =
39.3
(B)
vA = 0.711v0 39.3
vB = 0.636 v0 45
SOLUTION
(a) At C:
1
mB (vB )2 mk mB g (3)
2
SOLUTION
Ball A alone
mA ( v A )t = mA ( vA )t
( vA )t= 0= ( vA )t
Thus ( vA )n = vA 60
v=
A v=
0 1.5 m/s ( vB )=
x
0
0.1472vA + 0.34vB
0.2208 = (1)
Relative velocity in the n-direction
v A ( vB )n e = vB cos 30 v A;
=V1 0=V2 WB h
1 WB
T1 + V1 =T2 + V2 ; ( 0.9446 )2 = 0 + WB h;
2 g
=h
(=0.9446 )
2
0.0455 m
( 2 )( 9.81)
h = 45.5 mm