0st. 13, 1942. R. c.

RUSSELL 2,298,648
HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION
Filed Feb. 20, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 1

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INVENTOR.
Roaser C. EUSSELL
BY

ATTORNEYS
Oct. 13, 1942. _ ' R C, RUSSELL 2,298,648
HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION

Filed Feb. 20, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 2

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INVENTOR.
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ATTORNEYS '
Oct. 13, 1942. R. c. RUSSELL 2,298,648
HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION
Filed Feb. 20, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 3

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'ct. 13, 1942. R; c. RUSSELL 2,293,548
' HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION \

Filed Feb. 20, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 4

. INVENTOR.
1905527 61 Russ
BY ?aw qvwmfmz
ATTORNEYS
 Patented Oct. 13, 1942
- 2,298,648

UNITED vvsl'nrrlzs PATENT OFFICE

' mad:
Robert 0. Russell, Cleveland, Ohio I
Application February 20, 1940, Serial No. 819,926
39 Claims. (0!. 74-1895)
The present invention relates to power trans when the speed of the driving member exceeds
mitting apparatus comprising an impellerwheel that of the driven member, thus making it pos
or centrifugal pump by virtue of which a liquid sible to employ the motor of the vehicle to decel
medium such as water, oil or the like is thrown crate the same, without otherwise interfering
and forced against a turbine wheel or rotor and with the normal operation of the transmission.
a driven member rotated thereby, and more par Another object of the invention is the provision .
ticularly to improvements in power transmitting of a novel hydraulic power transmitting appa- '
apparatus of this character especially adapted for ratus adapted to be operated either as a ?uid
use in connection with motor-driven vehicles. coupling or as a ?uid torque converter especially
One of the principal objects of the present adapted for use in motor-driven vehicles com
invention is the provision of a novel hydraulic bined with means for automatically changing the
power transmitting apparatus comprising three hydraulic transmission from one form to the
relatively rotatable vane members adapted to be other at a predetermined speed of one of the
operated either as a ?uid torque converter or as a members of the transmission or of the vehicle,
?uid coupling and including means for connect 15 either alone or in combination with means
ing the vane member or wheel which constitutes - adapted to be manually controlled by the oper
the reaction member when the transmission is ator of the vehicle for varying the speed at which
operated as a ?uid torque converter with either the change takes place.
the driving member or the driven member when The present invention resides in certain .details
the transmission is operated as a ?uid coupling. 20 of construction and combinations and arrange
Another object of the invention is the provision ments of parts and further objects and advan
of a novel hydraulic power transmitting appa tages thereof will be apparent to those skilled in
ratus comprising a turbine wheel having a plu the art to which the invention relates from the
rality of radially spaced series of vanes interposed following description of the preferred embodi.
between a plurality of vane wheels or rotors. 25 ment thereof described with reference to the
Another object of the present invention is the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
provision of a novel power transmitting appa speci?cation in which similar reference charac
ratus comprising a hydraulic power transmission ters designate corresponding parts and in which:
adapted to be operated either as a ?uid coupling Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a power _ \
or as a ?uid torque converter combined with 30 transmission embodying the present invention;'
torque amplifying gearing, so constructed and Fig. 2 is a detail view approximately on the
arranged that when the hydraulic transmission is line 2-2 of Fig. 1;
operated as a ?uid torque converter, the torque Fig. 3 is an elevation of a portion of the transf
amplifying gearing is in series therewith, and mission shown in Fig. l; - '
when operated as a ?uid coupling, the speed Fig. 4 is a section approximately on the line
reduction between the driving and driven mem 44 of Fig. 3;
bers of the transmission proper automatically Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the control
approaches a one-to-one ratio as the speed of the apparatus for the power transmitting apparatus,
turbine wheel or rotor approaches that of the with portions shown in section, some approxi
impeller wheel or wheels. . 40 mately on the vertical center line of the trans
Another object of the invention is the provision mission and others on the lines A--A and 3-3 of
of a novel power transmitting apparatus of the Fig. 1;
character referred to especially adapted for use Fig. 6 is a section approximately on the line
in motor-driven vehicles and comprising means 6-6 of Fig. 5; and > -
for automatically preventing the rotation of the Fig. '1 is a vertical sectional view through a
driven member or members when the vehicle is power transmission similar to that shown in
at rest with the motor idling, . Fig.1 but of modi?ed construction.
Another object of the invention is the provision Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, the refer
of a novel power transmitting apparatus of the ence character In designates a crankshaft of an
character referred to especially adapted for use intemal combustion engine of a motor-driven
in motor-driven vehicles and comprising means vehicle. The reference character ll designates a
' for rotating the driving member from the driven transmission case adapted to be bolted or other
member when the speed of the driven member wise suitably secured to the rear part of the
exceeds that of the driving member without engine proper (not shown). To the rear end of
forming a direct drive between said members 55 the crank shaft I0 is bolted a casing, designated
 a

2 _ 2,298,648
' generally by the reference character A, and com prevents reverse rotation of the sun gear 33 under
prising a, plurality of members l2, I3, and I4, the reaction produced by the planet gears 23
suitably ?xed together, the former of which is which are then being driven by the orbit gear 22
directly connected with the crank sh'aft I3 vand through the turbine wheel C, and also prevents
has a semi-circular groove adjacent the periph backward rotation of the tubular shaft 32 under
ery thereof within which groove 9. series of vanes the in?uence of the member E due to the ?uid re
I3 are secured. The member i2 together with action, while permitting the tubular shaft 32 and
the vanes l5 constitutes the impeller wheel or in turn the vane wheel E and the sun gear 33 to
centrifugal pump, designated generally as B, of be carried forward by the casing A when the selec
the hydraulic transmission. The element 13 is 10 tive type overrunning clutch 34 is engaged in both
sometimes referred to in the art as the primary directions,-as is hereinafter described, and the
element of the ?uid transmission. The member hyigmulic transmission is operating as 'a ?uid cou
l2 has gear teeth I6 formed on the periphery D 8.
thereof, which gear teeth are adapted to cooper As is well known in the art, the ?uid passing
ate with the pinion of a conventional starting 15' from the turbine wheel or rotor to the reaction
device for the motor, _ member of a ?uid torque converter of the char
The turbine wheel or rotor of the ?uid coupling, acter here involved tends to drive the reaction
sometimes called the secondary member. is des member forward as the speed of the turbine
ignated generally by the reference character C wheel approaches that of the impeller wheel. In
and comprises two series of vanes l1 and I8 lo 20 the present, transmission, when these circum
cated radially of each other and separated by a stances occur, the overrunning clutch 33 allows
ring-shaped tubular member l3 against which the member E to rotate forwardly, thus produc
the adjacent ends of the respective vanes abut ing torque increase through the planetary gear
and to which they are preferably also attached. train only and without ?uid drag thereby increas
The radially outer ends of the vanes ll are con 25 ing the e?iciency of the device while operating as
nected to an annular member 23 and the radially a ?uid torque converter.
inner ends of the vanes l8 are connected to an The member l4 of the casing A includes an
annular member 2| having an internal orbit gear elongated hub 43 rotatably supported on the tu
22 of a planetary gear train, designated gen-v bular member or shaft 32 and adapted to be locked
erally by the reference character D, formed in 80 to the tubular shaft 32 against rotation in either
tegrally therewith. The annular member 2| is direction by the selective-type overrunning clutch
rotatably supported on the hub 23 of the spider 34, the left-hand end of which is normally pre
member 24 which carries the planet gears 23 of vented from rotation in a counterclockwise direc
the planetary gear train D. The spider member tion, as viewed from the left in Figs. 1 and 2 by
24 is splined to the left-hand end of a driven 85 a shoulder 4| formed by the enlarged portion 42
shaft 23, rotatably supported by bearings 21 and of the tubular shaft 32 to the left of the clutch
28 in a hub formed integral with the member l2 34 and is adapted to be selectively held against
and an annular member 23 non-rotatably ?xed rotation in the opposite direction by an out
within the transmission case II. wardly projecting end 43 of a member 44 slid
The third element or vane wheel of the hy 40 ably supported in a longitudinal keyway 43 in the
draulic transmission, designated generally by the tubular shaft 32. The projection on the mem
reference character E, comprises a member 30 ber 44 is adapted to be selectively positioned in
somewhat similar in shape to the member l2 front of the axially extending projection 43 on the '
previously referred to and like the member l2 has left-hand end of the coil member of the clutch
a semi-circular annular groove adjacent to the 45 34. The member 44 is adapted to be moved to
periphery thereof within which a series of vanes position the projection 43 either in front of the
3| are secured in a suitable manner. When the projecting part 43 of the coil 43 or clear thereof
hydraulic transmission is operated as a ?uid by a collar member 41 keyed to the tubular shaft
torque converter, the member E remains station 32, which collar member 41 is in turn adapted to
ary and constitutes the reaction member of the 50 be shifted to the right or left, as viewed in Figs.
?uid torque converter and when the hydraulic 1 and 2, by a yoke member 43 fixed to a shaft 43
transmission is operated as a ?uid coupling, the slidably supported in a housing 33 bolted or
member E is connected to the casing A and to otherwise secured to the transmission case II.
gether with the member B forms the impeller The yoke member 43 and in turn the members 44,
wheel or primary element of the ?uid coupling. 55 41 and 43, etc., are adapted to be moved from
The member E is rotatably supported on a tubular one to the other of the aforesaid two positions in
member or shaft 32 for rotation in a forward di a manner hereinafter explained, and are held in
rection while being held against reverse rotation one or the other of said positions against acci
by an overrunning roller clutch 33. The clutch dental displacement by a spring-pressed detent
33 permits rotation of the vane wheel E relative 33 which engages in one or the other of two aper
to the tubular shaft 32 in a forward direction, tures 34 and 33, in the hub of the member 43.
which as shown, is in a clockwise direction when In the embodiment shown, the collar member 41
viewed from the left in Fig. 1, but prevents rela is connected to the member 44 by an annular
tive rotation between the two members in a re spring 3|, one end of which engages in a suitable
verse direction. 65 aligned aperture formed in the right-hand end of
The tubular member or shaft 32 is in turn ro the member 44 and a ?ange 32 on the yoke mem
tatably supported in the member l4 of the cas _ ber 41. The ?ange 32 on the yoke member 41
ing A and the transmission case II by meansin is formed to provide a shoulder or abutment 33
eluding a coil-type, overrunning clutch 34 and adapted to be positioned in front of the right
a roller-type, overrunning brake 33, respectively. 70 hand end of the coil member 34 when the pro
The sun gear 36 of the planetary gear train D is jection 43 of the member 44 is shifted to a posi
formed on the left-hand end of the tubular mem tion where it is clear of the projection 43 ofthe
ber or shaft 32, as viewed in Fig. 1. When the coil member 34. 1
hydraulic transmission is operating as a ?uid The construction is such that when the mem
torque converter, the overrunning roller brake 33 75 ber 44 is shifted to the'right, the casing A can
 2,298,648 3
overrun the tubular shaft or member 82, in which - member 12 is adapted to be shifted into either
event the hydraulic transmission operates as a of the three aforesaid positions by a shifting
?uid torque converter, and when the member 44 arm or vmember ll ?xed to a shaft 18 slidably
is shifted to the left, the casing A and the tubu supportedin ahousing 19 attached to the trans
lar shaft 82 are fixed or locked together as a mission case II. The aforesaid mechanism pro
single unit and the vane wheel E and the sun vides means for obtaining a reverse drive for
gear 39 are directly driven along with the im the motor-driven vehicle. The shaft [8 and in
peller wheel B from the crank shaft II, in. which turn the member [2 may be moved from: one op
event the hydraulic transmission operates as a erating position to another by any suitable. mech
?uid coupling. However, the driven shaft 28 is 10 anism. The" preferred mechanism will be here
not directly connected to the driving shaft l8 inafter fully described. - ~
since the orbit gear 22 which forms the reac According to the provisions of the present in
tion member for the planet gears 25 when the vention, means is provided ' for automaticalfy
hydraulic transmission is operated as a ?uid cou shifting the shaft 49 and in turn the members
pling is connected to the turbine wheel C. 15 44 and 41 when the vehicle reaches a predeter
The right-hand end of the driven shaft 28 mined speed changing the ?uid transmission from -
projects through a partition 58 ?xed between a ?uid torque converter to a ?uid coupling in
two parts of the transmission case II. To the the event the vehicle is being accelerated and
right of the partition 55, the driven shaft 2 5 car vice vers'a when the vehicle is being decelerated.
ries a bevel side gear 51 splined thereto which 20 The present invention also contemplates manual
forms a part of a differential gearing, designated means under the control of the operator for vary
generally as F, which gearing provides a reverse ing the speed at which the shift or change takes
drive for the vehicle. The bevel side gear 51 place. As shown, the shaft 491s- continuously
is continuously in mesh with a pair of bevel pin urged towards the right, as viewed in Figs. 1 and
ions 58 and 59 rotatably supported on a spider 25 5, by a compression spring 88 located in a cy
member 88 which in turn is rotatably supported lindrical bore 8| in the housing 50 and is- adapted
on a reduced end 8! of the driven shaft 28. The to be moved towards the left by a ?uid-actuated
bevel pinions 58' and 59 are continuously in mesh piston' 82_ fixed tothe right-hand end. thereof.
with a second bevel side gear 82 rotatably sup Fluid pressure for operating the piston 82 is
ported on the reduced end 5| of the driven shaft 30 adapted to be supplied by a small constant vol
28 and having an elongated hub 63 rotatably ume gear-type oil pump 83 (see Fig. 4), the op- '
supported in the transmission cas ll by an crating shaft 61 of which carries the worm 56
anti-friction bearing 64'. The hub 63 of the bevel previously referred to. The outer end of the
side gear carries a worm wheel 55 in mesh with shaft 61 has a coupling 84 formed thereon, to
a worm 68 ?xed on a shaft 51, hereinafter re 35 which the speedometer shaft of the vehicle is
ferred to, and has one-half of a coupling member adapted to be connected. The oil pump 83 has
88 splined thereto through the medium of which a spring-loaded by-pass valve 85 connected to
the hub 63 is connected to a' driven shaft 89, the pressure conduitBB adapted to by-pass a
which preferably is the propeller shaft of the portion of the ?uid to the sump. The ?uid pres
motor-driven vehicle but which may be a shaft 40 sure existing in the conduit 85 at any time is
leading to a change speed transmission or other determined by the speed of the pump and the
mechanism which one may wish to interpose be pressure of the spring 81 which continuously
tween the present transmission and the rear axle urges the valve 85 towards its seat. The force
of the vehicle. of the spring 81 on the valve 85 can be regulated
Opposite ends of the spider member 68 upon 45 by the operator of the vehicle by a shaft 98 pro
which the bevel pinions 58 and 59 are rotatably vided with a hand knob 9| located underneath
supported project beyond the pinions and into the steering wheel 92 of themotor-driven vehi
elongated slots 18 and H in a yoke member 12 cle and connected to an arm 93 ?xed to a shaft
rotatably and slidably supported on the hub of 94 rotatably supported in the housing of the
the bevel side gear 51. The yoke member I2 is 50 pump 83 through the medium of a Bowden wire
provided with internal gear teeth 13 adapted to 95, one end of which is connected to a crank 98
be. in mesh with similar teeth 14 on the hub of on the end of the shaft 90 opposite the hand
the bevel side gear 51, with teeth I5 formed on knob 9| while the other end thereof is cone
the member 16 ?xed in the partition 56, or posi nected to the arm 93. A lever 91 ?xed to the
tioned intermediate the teeth 14 and I5 and out of 55 shaft 94 within the pump housing engages the
engagement with either of said sets of teeth. left-hand end of a plunger 98 against which the
When the teeth 13 of the yoke member" are spring 81 abuts.
meshed with the teeth 14 of the bevel side gear The pressure conduit 86 of the pump 83 is con
51, the differential mechanism F comprising the nected to the cylinder 8| within which the piston
bevel side gears 51 and 62 and the bevel pinions 60 82 reciprocates by a conduit 99. As previously
58 and 59 operates as a unit, with the result that stated, pressure in the conduit 88 is a function of
a direct drive is effected between the shaft 28 the speed of the pump and the proportion of the
and the shaft 89. When the teeth 13 of the yoke ?uid by-passed by the valve 85. In view of the
member 12 are meshed with the teeth 15 of the fact that the pump 83 is driven from the worm
member 18, the spider member 68 of the differ 65 wheel 65, which is in turn operatively connected
ential gearing is held stationary with the result to the road wheels of the vehicle, the volume of
that the shaft 69 is rotated at the same speed as oil pumped is a function of the speed of the ve
the shaft 26 but in a reverse direction. When hicle. The construction is such that the regu
the yoke member 12 is so positioned that the lating valve 85 can be manually set so that suffi
teeth 13 thereof are in a neutral position, that 70 cient pressure in the conduit 99 to overcome the
is, disengaged from both the teeth [4 of the side resistance of the spring 88 occurs at or above any
bevel gear 51 and the teeth 15 of the member 16, desired speed of the vehicle, thereby determining
the yoke member 12 and the spider member 68 or varying the speed at which the ?uid trans
can rotate freely and the drive between the shaft mission is shifted or changed from a fluid torque
28 and the shaft 89 is interrupted. The yoke 75 converter to a ?uid coupling or vice versa. When
 4 2,298,648
the ?uid transmission is operating as a ?uid
torque converter, the casing A is overrunning the
coil-type overrunning clutch 34, the projection
45 engages the projection 43 and the opposite end
, of the coil member moves into the position shown
in dot-dash lines in Fig. 2, thus preventing the
members?rll, 48, 49, etc. from shifting even
though the pressure in the conduit 99 is sufficient
to overcome the force of the spring 80 until the
, driving torque is released, at least momentarily,
as by the operator momentarily releasing the ac
celerator pedal. The reverse operation or shift
ing of the members 44 etc. under the action of
the spring 80 when the pressure in the conduit
39 falls to a point where it is no longer sufficient
.to overcome the force of the spring is prevented
by the pressure or friction between the right
hand end of the coil member 34 and the abutment
53 on the member 41, which pressure or friction
is considerable since the sun gear 36 is then being
driven from the casing A through the clutch 34.
When the driving torque is released momentarily
the load is removed from the sun gear and the
members 44 etc. permitted to shift.
The shaft 18 which controls the differential
reverse gearing F is adapted to be shifted longi
tudinally by a lever I 00 coaxial with the shaft 90 uum motor I20 with the atmosphere by a tension
and within which the shaft 90 is rotatably sup
ported. The lever I00 is ?xed to the upper end
of a tubular shaft IOI coaxially mounted with 30 is adapted to be moved to the other position, that
the steering shaft I02 of the motor-driven ve
hicle. The lower end of the tubular shaft IOI
carries a lever I03 to which one end of a Bowden
wire I04 is connected while the other end thereof
is connected to the right-hand end of the shaft 18. I25 is connected in series with a normally closed
With a reverse gear mechanism of the char
acter here described, it is difficult, if not imprac
tical, to engage either the forward drive or the
reverse drive while the vehicle is in motion with
out clash. In order to prevent one from shift
ing the yoke member ll of the reverse differen
tial gearing F from either of its three operating
positions into another position while the vehicle
is moving, a plunger IIO ?xed to a piston III
and slidably supported in the housing 19 is adapt
ed to be projected into one of three apertures
H2, H3 and H4 formed in the hub of the oper
- ating arm 11 when the pressure in the conduit 30
exceeds a certain amount, which conduit in addi
tion to communicating with the cylinder 8I, com
municates with the cylinder II5 within which
the piston III is located. The piston II I and in
turn the plunger H0 is continuously urged in a
direction to disengage the plunger from the aper
tures H2, H3 and H4 by a light compression
spring I I6 interposed between the piston III and
the bottom wall of the cylinder H5 in the hous
ing I9 within which cylinder the piston recipro
cates. The size of the piston I I I and the strength
of the spring IIS are preferably so selected that
the piston III is moved against the resistance of
the spring when the vehicle is traveling, even
though the speed of the vehicle may be as low as
two to ?ve miles per hour. The mechanism just
described prevents the yoke member 11 from be
ing shifted while the vehicle is traveling.
In hydraulic power transmission of the charac
ter herein referred to, there is always a small
amount of drag on the turbine wheel while the
engine is idling. This drag may or may not be
su?icient to cause the vehicle to creep forwardly
or backwardly, as the case may be, when stand
ing on a level surface with the usual brakes of
the vehicle released, depending upon the idling
speed of the motor and the amount of friction
in the various parts of the vehicle, etc. In order
to avoid any possibility of the vehicle moving due
to the drag on'the turbine wheel 0 under cir
cumstances similar to those mentioned, the pre
ferred embodiment of the present invention is
providedwith a brake I I! adapted to be applied,
when the vehicle is standing with the motor
idling, to a brake drum II8 welded to a member
H9 splined to the driven shaft 26. As shown,
10 the brake III is adapted to be operated by a
vacuum motor I20 ?xed to the transmission case
II and operatively connected to the brake III
by a shaft I2I. The brake III is continuously
urged in a direction to disengage the brake drum
II3 by a compression spring I22 interposed be
tween adjacent ends of the brake proper. The
' brake III includes the usual brake lining. The
vacuum motor I20 is adapted to be connected
to the intake manifold of the motor to apply the
brake III or to atmosphere to release the brake
by a three-way solenoid-operated valve I25. The
vacuum motor I20 is connected to the three-way
valve I25 by a conduit I20 and the three-way
valve to the intake manifold of the motor by a
conduit I21. The three-way valve I25 is con
tinuously urged in a direction to connect the vac
spring I28 connected to the plunger I23 of the
valve and to the valve housing. The plunger I23
is, to the position where the vacuum motor I20
is connected to the intake manifold of the auto
mobile and apply the brake by an operating sole
noid I30. The operating solenoid I30 01' the valve
plunger-type switch I3I so associated with the
accelerator pedal mechanism, designated gener
ally by the numeral I32, of the automobile that
the switch is open at all times except when the
46 accelerator pedal is in fully released position.
The operating circuit for the solenoid I 30 of
the valve I25 is also connected in series with a
switch, designated generally by the! reference
character I33, and comprising a member I34
fixed in an insulating bushing I35 threaded into
the upper end of the cylinder II5 within which
cylinder the piston III reciprocates. The piston
II I or at least a part thereof is' a conductor of
electric current and the circuit from the rod
50 I 34 is completed to ground when the piston III
is in the position to which it is continuously urged
by the spring II 5 but is open when the piston
is moved away from the rod I34 by pressure from
the conduit 38.
From the foregoing description, it will be ap
parent that with the vehicle standing and the
engine idling, the circuit to the operating solenoid
I 30 of the valve I25 will be closed and the brake
II'I applied to hold the driven shaft 25 against
rotation and permit clash-free gear shifting, or
in case the drive is'established through the dif
ferential gear train F, to hold the vehicle from
creeping. The instant the accelerator pedal is
depressed to start the vehicle, the accelerator
switch I3I is opened, which in turn opens the
circuit to the solenoid I30 and releases the brake
Ill even before the vehicle has started to move.
While the vehicle is moving, the application of
the brake II! is prevented by the fact that ?uid
pressure established in the conduit 93 maintains
the switch I33 open. The operating circuit for
the solenoid I30 is also connected in series with
the ignition switch I35 of the automobile so that
the circuit will be open when the engine is
 _ 2,298,648 ' - . 5
stopped, otherwise there would be an unnecessary I45 located in the transmission case II to the
drain on the battery III of the automobile-.1 - left of the brake I43 prevents oil from entering
As herein disclosed, the preferred, embodiment that part of the transmission case II which en
of the invention also includes means for estab closes the brakes III and I43. That portion of
lishing a positive drive between the driven shaft the- transmission case II which houses the dif
26 and the crank shaft III when the speed of ferential gear train F is partly ?lled with a suit
the driven shaft exceeds that of the crank shaft, able lubricating medium.
thus enabling the compression of the engine to As previously stated, the vane wheel which
be utilized in decelerating the vehicle under all forms the reaction member when the hydraulic
circumstances, and independent of the hydraulic 10 transmission is operating as a ?uid torque con
transmission. Unless means is provided for es verter, may be connected to either the driving
tablishing a direct drive between the driven shaft. or the driven member when the hydraulic trans
and the crank shaft of the motor, the compres mission is operating as a ?uid coupling. Prefer
sion of the engine cannot be as e?'ectively used ably the member is connected to the driving
to decelerate the vehicle because the drive is 15 member as shown in Fig. l. A modified con
through the hydraulic transmission, which would struction embodying the alternative arrangement
not be very effective especially for slow speeds of is shown in Fig; 7 which is a portion of a novel
the driven shaft. As shown, the mechanism for power transmitting apparatus similar to that
establishing a positive drive between the driven shown in Fig. 1 except that the vane wheel which
shaft 28 and the crank shaft I0 when the speed 20 constitutes the reaction member when the hy
of the driven shaft is in excess of that of the draulic power transmission is operating as a ?uid
crank shaft, comprises a coil-type overrunning torque converter is connected to the driven mem
clutch I39 interposed between the hub 23 of the ber or when the'hydraulic power transmission is
member 2| and a cylindrical member I40 bolted operating as a ?uid coupling. In Fig. 7 dupli
along with the member I2 to the end of the 25 cate parts are designated by the same reference
crank shaft Ill. The overrunning clutch I39 does characters and the corresponding but slightly
not interfere with the forward rotation of the modi?ed parts are designated by the same refer
member C but prevents reverse rotation there ence character with a prime mark af?xed thereto. .
of relative to the crank shaft I0. Referring to Fig. 7, it will be observed that
With the present construction, the sun gear 30 the coil-type overrunning clutch 34' which cor
can never overrun the housing A from which it responds to the coil-type overrunning clutch 34'
follows that when there is a tendency for the of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is interposed
tubular shaft 32 to, be driven at a higher speed between the tubular shaft 32' and the driven
than the crank shaft III, a direct connection is shaft 26'. The overrunning brake 35 has been
effected between the two shafts. Byholding the 35 moved to a position between an exterior surface
sun gear stationary and allowing the housing of the tubular shaft 32' and a ring-shaped mem
A to overrun the same the speed ratio of the ber I50 ?xed to the transmission case I I, and the
planetary gear train D can be taken advantage brake drum I42 which corresponds with the '
of and the crank shaft I I! caused to rotate at a brake drum I42 in the embodiment of the in
higher speed than the-shaft 26. With the par 40 vention shown in Fig. 1 is ?xed to the tubular ~
ticlar construction shown,,the ratio is approxi~ shaft 32'. The operation of the coil-type over- '
mately one-to-one and four-tenths and a small running clutch 34' and the roller-type overrun
brake drum I42 keyed to the member 41 and to ning brake 35 is the same in the modi?cation
which a brake band I43 is adapted to be applied shown in Fig. 7 as the corresponding elements in
in any convenient manner'provides means for 45 the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 1. Aside
selectively holding the sun gear 36 of the plane from the changes noted and other minor detail
tary gear train D stationary. The construction changes in construction which will be apparent
is such that when the shaft 26 is driving the crank from the drawings, the power transmission shown
shaft I0 and the brake band I43 is applied to the in Fig. 7 is the same and is adapted to be oper
brake drum I42, rotation of the sun gear is pre 50 ated and controlled in the same manner as the
vented with the result that the crank shaft III power transmission shown in Figs. 1 to 6, inclu
is driven at a higher speed than the shaft 26. slve. '

In the embodiment shown, the crank shaft would From the foregoing description of the preferred
be driven approximately one and four-tenths embodiments of the inventiomit will be apparent
times as fast as the shaft 26. Operating in this 55 that the objects heretofore enumerated and
manner is in e?ect similar to shifting a present others have been accomplished, that a novel hy
day automobile transmission into second gear draulic power transmitting apparatus has been
while descending a hill. However, it is to be provided, and that there has also been provided
' understood that the planetary gear train D may a novel power transmitting mechanism, including
be constructed to give other speed ratios. 60 hydraulic power transmitting means adapted to
The casing A is either partly or wholly ?lled be operated either as a ?uid coupling or as a ?uid
with a suitable ?uid as is well known in the torque converter, combined with amplifying gear
art, and when the hydraulic transmission is op ing so constructed that when the hydraulic trans
erated as a ?uid torque converter, the ?uid is mission is operated as a ?uid torque converter,
circulated from the vanes I5 of the impeller 65 the torque amplifying gearing is in series there
wheel B through the vanes I1 of the turbine wheel with, and when operated as a ?uid coupling, the ,'
0. From the vanes I! of the turbine wheel C speed reduction between the driving and driven
the ?uid enters the vanes 3| of the member E members of the transmission proper approaches
where its direction of movement is changed, after a one-to-one ratio as the speed of the turbine
which it ?owsout at the exit ends of the vanes 70 or rotor approaches that of the impeller'wheel
3| to the vanes I8 of the turbine wheel C. From or wheels.
the vanes I8 it returns to the radially inwardlends While "the invention has been described as ap-I I
of the vanes I5 of the impeller wheel B. The plied to a power transmission especially adapted
direction in which the ?uid is circulated is indi for use in a motor-driven vehicle, it is to be un-
cated by arrows in Fig. 1. A suitable oil retainer 75 derstood that the transmission may be otherwise
6 2,298,848
employed and that the embodiment of the inven gear train comprising orbit and sun and planet
tion in a power transmission especially adapted gears, means for connecting said impeller wheel
for use in motor-driven vehicles is merely illus to a driving means, means for operatively con
trative of one modi?cation and application of the necting said turbine wheel with the orbit gear
invention. The preferred embodiment of the in of said planetary gear train, means for connect
vention has also been described with considerable ing the planet gears of said planetary gear train
detail, but I do not wish to be limited to the with said driven shaft, means for preventing re- _
particular construction shown, which may be verse rotation of said third vane wheel, means for
varied within the scope of the invention, and it preventing reverse rotation of the sun gear of
is my intention to hereby cover all adaptations, 10 said planetary gear train, and means for opera
modi?cations, arrangements and uses thereof tively connecting and disconnecting said third
which come within the practice of those skilled vane wheel and the sun gear of said planetary
in the art to which the invention relates. gear train with said impeller wheel.
Having thus described my invention, I claim: 6. A power transmission device comprising a
1. A power transmission device comprising an 15 driven shaft, an impeller wheel comprising a
impeller wheel including a series of vanes, a tur series of vanes, a turbine wheel'comprising a se
bine wheel including a series of vanes, a third ries of vanes, a third vane wheel, a planetary
vane wheel, means adapted to connect said im gear train comprising orbit and sun and planet
peller wheel with a driving means, means for op gears, means for connecting said impeller wheel
eratively connecting said turbine wheel with a 20 to a driving means, means for operatively con
driven member, means for preventing reverse ro necting said turbine wheel with the orbit gear of
tation of said third vane wheel, and means in said planetary gear train, means for connecting
cluding mechanism controlled by the driven the planet gears of said planetary gear train
member for operatively connecting and discon with said driven shaft, means including a hollow
necting said third vane wheel with said impeller 25 shaft for rotatably supporting said sun gear,
wheel. .
means including a one way driving clutch for
2. A power transmission device comprising an rotatably supporting said third vane wheel on
impeller wheel comprising a series of vanes, a said hollow shaft, means for preventing reverse
turbine wheel comprising a series of vanes, a third rotation of said hollow shaft, and means for op
vane wheel, means adapted to connect said im 30 eratively connecting said hollow shaft with said
peller wheel with a driving means, means for op , impeller wheel.
eratively connecting'said turbine wheel with a 7. A power transmission device comprising an
driven shaft, an overrunning clutch means for impeller wheel including a series of vanes, a
preventing reverse rotation of said third vane turbine wheel including a series of vanes, a third
wheel, and means including a selective type over 35 vane wheel, means adapted to connect said im
running clutch for operatively connecting said peller wheel with a driving means, means for
third vane wheel with said impeller wheel. operatively connecting said turbine wheel with
3. A power transmission device comprising a a driven member, means for preventing reverse
driven member, an impeller wheel comprising a rotation of said third vane wheel, means con
series of vanes, a turbine wheel comprising a 40 trolled by the driven shaft for operatively con
series of vanes, a third vane wheel, a planetary necting and disconnecting said third vane wheel
gear train, means for operatively connecting said with said impeller wheel, and means for pre
impeller wheel to a driving means, means for venting the actuation of said last-mentioned ,
operatively connecting said turbine wheel with means while the driving member is driving the
one of the elements of said planetary gear train, 45 driven member.
means for connecting another of the elements of 8. A power transmission device comprising a
said planetary gear train with said driven shaft, driving member, a driven member, an impeller
means for preventing reverse rotation of said wheel comprising a plurality of series of vanes,
third vane wheel, means for preventing reverse
means for operatively connecting said impeller
rotation of the third element of said planetary 50 wheel with said driving member, a turbine wheel
comprising a serles'of vanes interposed between
gear train, and means for operatively connecting
and disconnecting said third vane wheel with said said series of vanes of said impeller wheel,
impeller wheel which said transmission is oper means for operatively connecting said turbine
wheel with said driven member, and a normally
ating. inoperative one-way driving means operatively
4. A power transmission device comprising a 55 connecting said turbine wheel and the driving
driven shaft, an impeller wheel comprising a
member. _ -
series of vanes, a turbine wheel comprising a 9. A power transmission device comprising a
series of vanes, a third vane wheel, a planetary driving member, a driven member, an impeller
gear train comprising orbit and sun and planet
gears, means for connecting said impeller wheel 60 wheel comprising a series of vanes, a turbine
to a driving means, means for operatively con wheel comprising a series of vanes, a planetary
necting said turbine wheel with the orbit gear gear train, means for operatively connecting said
of said planetary gear train, means for opera impeller wheel to said driving member, means
tively connecting the planet gears of said plane for operatively connecting said turbine wheel
tary gear train with said driven shaft, means 65 with one of the elements of said planetary gear
for preventing reverse rotation of said third vane train, and an overrunning clutch interposed be
wheel, means for preventing reverse rotation of tween said driving member and said turbine
the sun gear of said planetary gear train, and wheel. . v

means for operatively connecting and discon 10. A power transmission device of the char
necting said third vane wheel with said impeller 70 acter described comprising a driving member, a
wheel. .
driven member, an intermediate member, means
5. A power transmission device comprising a including a ?uid transmission of the vane-wheel
driven shaft, an impeller wheel comprising a type for operatively connecting said driving
series of vanes, a turbine wheel comprising a member and said intermediate member, means
series of vanes, a third vane wheel, a planetary 76 for operatively connecting said intermediate
 2,298,648 7
member and said driven member including a member, an overrunning clutch for preventing
speed change transmission comprising a slidable' reverse rotation of the third'element of said
member, means for moving said slidable mem planetarygear train, an overrunning clutch for
ber, and means for preventing the movement of operatively connecting said turbine wheel with
said slidable member while said driven member said driving member, and means for selectively
is rotating. preventing rotation of the third element of said
11. A power transmission-device comprising a planetary gear train relative to the driving mem
driving member, a driven member, an impeller ber. _ -

,wheel comprising a series of vanes, a turbine 16. A power transmission device comprising a
wheel comprising a series of vanes, a third vane 10 driving member, a driven member, an impeller
wheel comprising a series of vanes adapted to wheel comprising av series of vanes, a planetary
serve as reaction vanes, means for operatively gear train comprising orbit and sun and planet.
connecting said impeller wheel with said driving gears, means for operatively connecting said im
member, means for operatively connecting said peller wheel to said driving member, means for
turbine wheel with said driven member, means 15 operatively connecting said turbine wheel with
for preventing rotation of said third vane wheel said orbit gear of said planetary gear train,
in a direction opposite to said impeller wheel, means for connecting the planet gears of said
and means operable on said driven member . planetary gear train with said driven member,
reaching a predetermined speed adapted to me an overrunning clutch for preventing reverse ro
chanically connect said third vane .wheel with 20 tation of the sun gear of said planetary gear
said driving member whereby it acts as an im train, means including an overrunning clutch
peller. for operatively connecting said driving member
12. A power transmission device comprising a and said orbit gear of said planetary gear train,
driving member, a driven member, an impeller and means for selectively preventing rotation of
wheel comprising a series of vanes, a turbine 25 said sun gear with respect to said driving meme
wheel comprising a series of vanes, a third vane her in either direction.
wheel, means for operatively connecting said im 17. A power transmission device comprising a
peller wheel with said driving member, means driving member, a driven member, an impeller
for operatively connecting said turbine wheel wheel comprising a series of vanes, a turbine
with said driven member, means for operatively 30 wheel comprising a series of vanes, a third vane
connecting said third vane wheel with said driv wheel of substantially the same diameter as
ing member, and means operable on said driven said impeller wheel, said third vane wheel com
member reaching a predetermined speed adapt prising a series of vanes adapted to act as reac
ed to disconnect'said third vane wheel with said tion vanes, means for operatively connecting
member. said impeller wheel with said driving member,
13. A power transmisison device comprising a _ means for operatively connecting said turbine
driving member, a driven member, an impeller wheel with a driven member, means for prevent
wheel comprising a series of vanes, a turbine ing rotation of said third vane wheel in a direc
wheel comprising a series of vanes, a third vane tion opposite that of said impeller wheel, and
wheel, means for operatively connecting said im 40 means for operatively connecting and discon
peller wheel with said driving member, means for necting said third vane wheel mechanically with
operatively connecting said turbine wheel with said driving member while said transmission is
,said driven member, means operable on- said operating.
driven member reaching a predetermined speed 18. A motor-driven vehicle comprising drive
adapted to operatively connect said third vane 45 wheels, a driving member, a driven member, an
wheel with one of said members, and means for impeller wheel comprising a series of vanes, a
selecting the speed of said driven member at turbine wheel comprising a series of vanes, a
which said last-mentioned means becomes oper third vane wheel, means for operatively connect- I
ative. - -
ling said impeller wheel with said driving mem
14. A power transmission device comprising a 50 ber, means for operatively connecting said tur
driving member, a driven member, an impeller
bine wheel with a driven member, means for
wheel comprising a series of vanes, a turbine operatively connecting said- driven member with
wheel comprising a series of vanes, a third vane -
wheel, means for operatively connecting said im said drive wheels, means operable on the vehicle
peller wheel with said driving member, means for 55 reaching a predetermined speed adapted to op
operatively connecting said turbine wheel with eratively connect said third vane wheel with
said driven member, means for operatively con said- driving member, and means accessible to
necting said third vane wheel with said driven the operator for selecting the speed of the ve
member, means operable on said driven member. hicle at which said last-mentioned means be
reaching a predetermined speed adapted to con comes operative. .p'
nect said third vane wheel with said driving 19. A power transmission device comprising a
member, and means for selecting the speed of driven member, an impeller wheel comprising a
said driven member at which said last-men series. of vanes, a turbine wheel comprising a
tioned means becomes operative. , series of vanes. a third vane wheel, a planetary
15. A power transmission device of the char 65 gear train, means for operatively connecting said
acter; described comprising a driving'member, a impeller wheel to a driving means, means for
driven member, an impeller wheel comprising a _ operatively connecting said turbine wheel with
series of vanes, a turbine wheel comprising a one of the elements of said planetary gear train,
series of vanes, a planetary gear train, means for means for connecting'another of the elements
operatively connecting said impeller wheel to 70 of said planetary gear train with said- driven
said driving member, means for operatively con shaft, means for preventing reverse rotation of
necting said turbine wheel with one of the ele said third vane wheel, means for preventing re
ments of said planetary gear train, means for verse rotation of the third element of said plane
operatively connecting another of the elements tary gear train, and means for operatively con,
of said planetary gear train with said driven 75 necting said third vane wheel and said third ele
c
 8 2,298,648
ment of said planetary gear train with said im members, and manually controlled means for
peller wheel. . controlling the operation of said last named
20. A motor-driven vehicle comprising drive means.
wheels, an internal combustion engine, a power 25. A power transmitting device comprising a
transmission device interposed between said drive 5 driving member, a driven member, an impeller
wheels and said engine, said power transmisssion wheel including a series of vanes, a turbine wheel
device including an impeller wheel comprising a including a series 'of vanes, a third vane wheel
series of vanes and operatively connected to said including a series of vanes adapted to act as re
engine, a turbine wheel, means including a driven action vanes, means for operatively connecting
shaft for operatively connecting said turbine said impeller: wheel with said driving member,
wheel with said drive wheels, and means includ means for operatively connecting said turbine
ing a mechanism controlled in accordance with wheel with said driven member, means for pre
the rotation of said driven shaft for applying a venting rotation of said third vane wheel in a
frictional drag to said driven shaft when the same direction opposite to the direction of rotation of
is at or substantially at rest. 15 said turbine wheel, means including mechanism
21. A motor-driven vehicle comprising an in responsive to the speed of said driven member for
ternal combustion engine, means for manually . operatively connecting and disconnecting said
controlling the supply of fuel to said engine, third vane wheel mechanically with said driving
drive wheels, 9. power transmission device inter member, and manually controlled means for
posed between said engine and said drive wheels, controlling the operation of said last named
said power transmission device including an im means. .
peller wheel comprising a series of vanes and 26. A power transmitting device comprising a
operatively connected to said engine, a turbine driving member, a driven member, an impeller
wheel, means including a driven shaft for opera wheel including a series of vanes, a turbine wheel
tively connecting said turbine wheel with said 25 including a series of vanes, a third vane wheel
drive wheels, and means including mechanism including a series of vanes adapted to act as re
controlled in accordance with the ?rst-named action'vanes, means for operatively connecting
means for selectively applying a frictional drag said impeller wheel with said driving member,
to said driven shaft. _ means for operatively connecting said turbine
22. A motor-driven vehicle comprising an in 30 wheel with said driven member, means for pre
ternal combustion engine, means for manually venting rotation of said third vane wheel in a
controlling the supply of fuel to said engine, drive direction opposite to the direction of rotation of
wheels, a power transmission device interposed said turbine wheel, means including mechanism
between said engine and said drive wheels, said responsive to the speedof said driven member
power transmission device including an impeller 35 for operatively connecting and disconnecting said
wheel comprising a series of vanes and operative third vane wheel mechanically with said driving
ly connected to said engine, a turbine wheel, member, and manually controlled means for
means including a driven shaft for operatively varying the speed of the driven member at which
connecting said turbine wheel with said drive said last named means operates.
wheels, and means including mechanism con 40 27. A power transmitting device comprising a
trolled in accordance with the ?rst-named means driving member, a driven member, an impeller
and in accordance with the rotation of said driven wheel including a series of vanes, a turbine wheel -
shaft for applying a frictional drag to said driven including a series of vanes, a third vane wheel,
shaft. means for operatively connecting said impeller
23. A power transmitting device comprising a 45 wheel with said driving member, means for oper
driving member, a driven member, an impeller atively connecting said turbine wheel with said
wheel including a series of vanes, a turbine wheel driven member, means for preventing rotation of
including a series of vanes, a third vane wheel. said third vane wheel in a direction opposite to
including a series of vanes adapted to act as re the direction of rotation of said turbine wheel,
action vanes, means for operatively connecting 50 means including mechanism responsive to the
said impeller wheel with said driving member, speed of said driven member for operatively con
means for operatively connecting said turbine necting and disconnecting said third vane wheel
wheel with said driven member, means for pre with said driving member, means for preventing
venting rotation of said third vane wheel in a the operation of said last named means while
direction opposite to the direction of rotation of 55 power is being transmitted from said driving
said turbine wheel, and means including mech member to said driven member, and means for
anism responsive to the speed of said driven causing a reversal of torque between said driving
member for operatively connecting and discon and driven members.
necting said third vane wheel mechanically with 28. A power transmitting device comprising a
said driving member. 60 driving member, a driven member, an impeller
24. A power transmitting device comprising a wheel including a series of vanes, a turbine wheel
driving member, a driven member, an impeller including a series of vanes, a third vane wheel,
wheel including a series of vanes, a turbine wheel means for operatively connecting said impeller
including a series of vanes, a. third vane wheel wheel with said driving member, means for oper
including a series of vanes adapted to act as re 65 atively connecting said turbine wheel with said
action vanes, means for operatively connecting. driven member, means for preventing rotation of
said impeller wheel with said driving member, said third vane wheel in a direction opposite to
means for operatively connecting said turbine the direction of rotation of said turbine wheel,
wheel with said driven member, means for pre means including mechanism responsive to the
venting rotation of said third vane wheel in a 70 speed of said driven member for operatively con
direction opposite to the direction of rotation of necting and disconnecting said third vane wheel
said turbine wheel, means including mechanism with said driving member, means for preventing
' responsive to the speed of one of said members for the operation of said last named means while
. operatively connecting and disconnecting said power is being transmitted from said driving
third vane wheel mechanically with one of said 75 member to said driven member, and manually
 2,298,848 9
controlled means for causing a reversal oi torque adapted to serve as reaction vanes, said impeller
between said driving and driven members. / and turbine and third rotors being of substantially
29. In combination, a driving device, a driven ' the same diameter, said impeller rotor being I
device, a variable speed power transmission mech operatively connected with said driving device,
anism of the vane \type comprisingan impeller 5 said turbine rotor being located between saidv
rotor having a series of vanes, a turbine rotor > iimpeller and third rotors and being operatively
having a series of vanes, a third" rotor having a connected with said driven device, means for pre
series of vanes adapted-to serve as reaction vanes, venting rotation, of said third rotor in a direc
said impeller rotor being operatively connected tion opposite to that or said impeller rotor, and
with said driving device, said turbine rotor being 10 means for operatively connecting said third rotor
operatively connected with said driven device, mechanically with said driving device temporarily
means for preventing rotation of said third rotor ' in which event it acts as an impeller.
in a direction opposite to that oij said impeller 34. In combination, a driving device, a driven
rotor, and means including mechanism controlled device, a variable speed power transmission
by one of said devices for operatively connecting 15 mechanism .of the vane type comprising an im
said third rotor mechanically with said driving peller rotor having a .series of vanes, a turbine
device temporarily in which event it acts as an rotor having a plurality of radially spaced series
impeller. - of vanes, a third rotor having a series of vanes
30. In combination, a driving device, a driven adapted to serve as reaction vanes, said impeller
device, a variable speed power transmission mech 20 rotor being operatively connected with said driv
anism of the vane type comprising an impeller ing device, said turbine rotor being located be
rotor having a series of vanes, a turbine rotor tween said impeller rotor and said third rotor
having a series of vanes, a third rotor having a and being operatively connected with said driven
series of vanes adapted to serve as reaction vanes, device, means for preventing rotation of said
said impeller rotor being operatively connected 25 third rotor in a direction opposite to that of said
with said driving device, said turbine rotor being impeller rotor, and means including mechanism
operatively connected with said driven device, controlled by one of said devices for operatively
means for preventing rotation of said third rotor connecting said third rotor mechanically with
in a direction-opposite to that of said impeller said driving device temporarily in which event it
rotor, means including mechanism controlled by 30 acts as an impeller. '
one of said devices for operatively connecting said 35. In combination, a driving device, a driven
third rotor mechanically with said driving device device, a variable speed power transmission
in which event it acts as an impeller, and means _ mechanism of the vane type comprising an im
for disconnecting said third rotor from said driv; peller rotor having a series of vanes, a turbine
ing device. 35 rotor having a plurality of radially spaced series
31. In combination, a driving device, a driven of vanes, a third rotor having a series of vanes
device, a variable speed power transmission mech adapted to serve as reaction vanes, said impeller
anism of the vane type comprising an impeller and turbine and third rotors being of substan
rotor having a series of vanes, a turbine rotor , tiallythe same diameter, said impeller rotor be
having a series of vanes, a third rotor having a 40 ing operativelyconnected with said driving de-_
.series of vanes adapted to serve as reaction vanes, vice, said turbine rotor being located between
said impeller rotor being operatively connected said impeller and third rotors and being opera
with said driving device, said turbine rotor being tively connected with said driven device, meansv
operatively connected with said driven device, for preventing rotation of said third rotor in a
means for preventing rotation of said third rotor 45 direction opposite to that of said impelled rotor,
in a direction opposite to that of said impeller and means including mechanism controlled by
' rotor, means for operatively connecting said third one of said devices for operatively connecting
rotor mechanically with said driving device in said third rotor mechanically with said driving
which event it acts as an impeller, and means device temporarily in which event it acts as any
including mechanism controlled by one of said 50 impeller. '
devices for disconnecting said third rotor from 36. In combination, a driving device, a driven
said driving device. . device, a variable speed power transmission
32. In combination, a driving device, a driven mechanism of the vane type comprising an im
device, a variable speed power transmission mech peller rotor having an annular groove semi-cir
anism of the vane type comprising an impeller 55 cular in cross-section opening axially, a series of
rotor having a series _of vanes, a turbine rotor vanes in said groove in said impeller rotor adapt
having a plurality of radially spaced series of ed to act as impeller vanes, _a turbine rotor hav
vanes, a third rotor having a series of vanes ing a plurality of axially spaced series of vanes, a
adapted to serve as reaction vanes, said impeller _ third rotor having an annular groove semi-cir
rotor being operatively connected with said driv Go cular in cross-section substantially equal in size
ing device, said turbine rotonbzeing located be to said annular groove in said impeller rotor and
tween said impeller rotor and said third rotor _ facing the same, a series of vanes in said groove
and being operatively connected with said driven in said third rotor adapted to serve as reaction
device, means for preventing rotation of saidv vanes, said impeller rotor being operatively con- ,
third rotor in a direction opposite to that of said 65 nected with said driving device, said turbine ro-.
impeller rotor, and means for operatively con tor being operatively connected with said driven
necting said third rotor mechanically with said device, means for preventing rotation of said
driving device temporarily in which event it acts third rotor in a direction opposite to that of said
as an impeller. v . impeller rotor, and means for operatively con-
33. In combination, a driving device, a driven 70 necting said third rotor mechanically with said
device, a variable speed power transmission mech driving device temporarily in which event it acts >
anism of the vane type comprising an impeller as an impeller.
rotor having a series of' vanes, a turbine rotor 37. In combination, a driving device, a driven
having a plurality of radially spaced series of device, a variable speed power transmission
vanes, a third rotor having a series of vanes 75 mechanism oi the vane type comprising an im
 1O 8,398,648
peller rotor having an annular groove semi-cir third rotor in a direction opposite to that of said
cular in cross-section opening axially, a series. of impeller rotor, means for operatively connecting
vanes in said groove in said impeller rotor adapt said third rotor mechanically with said driving
ed to act as impeller vanes, a turbine rotor hav device temporarily in which event it acts as an
ing a plurality of axially spaced series of vanes, a impeller, means including a one-way driving
third rotor having an annular groove semi-cir mechanism mechanically connected to said driv
cular in cross-section substantially equal in size ing device and said driven device for driving said
to said annular groove in said impeller rotor and driving device from said driven device.
facing the same, a series of vanes in said groove 39. In combination, a driving device, a driven
in said third rotor adapted to serve as reaction 10 device, a variable speed power transmission
vanes, said impeller rotor being operatively con mechanism of the vane type comprising an im
nected with said driving device, said turbine ro peller rotor having a series 01' vanesfa turbine
tor being operatively connected with said driven rotor having a series of vanes, a third rotor hav
device, means for preventing rotation oi! said ing a series of vanes adapted to serve as reac
third rotor in a direction opposite to that of said 15 tion vanes, said impeller rotor being operatively
impeller rotor, and means including mechanism connected with said driving device, said turbine
controlled by one of said members for operatively rotor being operatively connected with said
connecting said third rotor mechanically with driven device, means for preventing rotation 01
said driving device temporarily in which event said third rotor in a direction opposite to that
it acts as an impeller. , _ ' 20 of said impeller rotor, means including mecha
38. In combination, a driving device, a driven nism controlled by one of said devices for opera
device, a variable speed power transmission tively connecting said third rotor mechanically
mechanism of the vane type comprising an im with said driving device temporarily in which
peller rotor having a series oi. vanes, a turbine event it acts as an impeller, means including a
rotor having a series of vanes, a third rotor hav 25 one-way driving mechanism mechanically con
ing a series of vanes adapted to serve as reaction nected to said driving device and said driven de
vanes, said impeller rotor being operatively con vice for driving said driving device from said
nected with said driving device, said turbine ro driven device. .
tor being operatively connected with said driven ROBERT C. RUSSELL.
\device, means for preventing rotation of said 30
0