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Pleaseselectacountrytoview

Africa::EGYPT
PAGELASTUPDATEDONSEPTEMBER06,2017

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EGYPT
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Introduction::EGYPT
Background:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2028&term=Background)(../fields/2028.html#eg)
TheregularityandrichnessoftheannualNileRiverflood,coupledwithsemiisolationprovidedbydesertstotheeastandwest,allowed
forthedevelopmentofoneoftheworld'sgreatcivilizations.Aunifiedkingdomarosecirca3200B.C.,andaseriesofdynastiesruledinEgypt
forthenextthreemillennia.ThelastnativedynastyfelltothePersiansin341B.C.,whointurnwerereplacedbytheGreeks,Romans,and
Byzantines.ItwastheArabswhointroducedIslamandtheArabiclanguageinthe7thcenturyandwhoruledforthenextsixcenturies.Alocal
militarycaste,theMamlukstookcontrolabout1250andcontinuedtogovernaftertheconquestofEgyptbytheOttomanTurksin1517.
CompletionoftheSuezCanalin1869elevatedEgyptasanimportantworldtransportationhub.Ostensiblytoprotectitsinvestments,Britain
seizedcontrolofEgypt'sgovernmentin1882,butnominalallegiancetotheOttomanEmpirecontinueduntil1914.Partiallyindependentfrom
theUKin1922,EgyptacquiredfullsovereigntyfromBritainin1952.ThecompletionoftheAswanHighDamin1971andtheresultantLake
NasserhavealteredthetimehonoredplaceoftheNileRiverintheagricultureandecologyofEgypt.Arapidlygrowingpopulation(thelargest
intheArabworld),limitedarableland,anddependenceontheNileallcontinuetoovertaxresourcesandstresssociety.Thegovernmenthas
struggledtomeetthedemandsofEgypt'spopulationthrougheconomicreformandmassiveinvestmentincommunicationsandphysical
infrastructure.
Inspiredbythe2010Tunisianrevolution,Egyptianoppositiongroupsleddemonstrationsandlaborstrikescountrywide,culminatingin
PresidentHosniMUBARAK'sousterin2011.Egypt'smilitaryassumednationalleadershipuntilanewparliamentwasinplaceinearly2012
laterthatsameyear,MohammedMORSIwonthepresidentialelection.Followingoftenviolentproteststhroughoutthespringof2013against
MORSI'sgovernmentandtheMuslimBrotherhood,theEgyptianArmedForcesintervenedandremovedMORSIfrompowerinJuly2013and
replacedhimwithinterimpresidentAdlyMANSOUR.InJanuary2014,votersapprovedanewconstitutionbyreferendumandinMay2014
electedAbdelfattahELSISIpresident.EgyptelectedanewlegislatureinDecember2015,thefirstparliamentsince2012.
Geography::EGYPT
Location:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2144&term=Location)(../fields/2144.html#eg)
NorthernAfrica,borderingtheMediterraneanSea,betweenLibyaandtheGazaStrip,andtheRedSeanorthofSudan,andincludesthe
AsianSinaiPeninsula
Geographiccoordinates:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2011&term=Geographiccoordinates)(../fields/2011.html#eg)
2700N,3000E
Mapreferences:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2145&term=Mapreferences)(../fields/2145.html#eg)
Africa
Area:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2147&term=Area)(../fields/2147.html#eg)
total:1,001,450sqkm
land:995,450sqkm
water:6,000sqkm
countrycomparisontotheworld:31(../rankorder/2147rank.html#eg)
Areacomparative:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2023&term=Areacomparative)(../fields/2023.html#eg)
morethaneighttimesthesizeofOhioslightlymorethanthreetimesthesizeofNewMexico

Areacomparisonmap:

Landboundaries:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2096&term=Landboundaries)(../fields/2096.html#eg)
total:2,612km
bordercountries(4):GazaStrip13km,Israel208km,Libya1,115km,Sudan1,276km
Coastline:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2060&term=Coastline)(../fields/2060.html#eg)
2,450km
Maritimeclaims:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2106&term=Maritimeclaims)(../fields/2106.html#eg)
territorialsea:12nm
contiguouszone:24nm
exclusiveeconomiczone:200nmortheequidistantmedianlinewithCyprus
continentalshelf:200nm
Climate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2059&term=Climate)(../fields/2059.html#eg)
deserthot,drysummerswithmoderatewinters
Terrain:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2125&term=Terrain)(../fields/2125.html#eg)
vastdesertplateauinterruptedbyNilevalleyanddelta
Elevation:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2020&term=Elevation)(../fields/2020.html#eg)
meanelevation:321m
elevationextremes:lowestpoint:QattaraDepression133m
highestpoint:MountCatherine2,629m
Naturalresources:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2111&term=Naturalresources)(../fields/2111.html#eg)
petroleum,naturalgas,ironore,phosphates,manganese,limestone,gypsum,talc,asbestos,lead,rareearthelements,zinc
Landuse:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2097&term=Landuse)(../fields/2097.html#eg)
agriculturalland:3.6%
arableland2.8%permanentcrops0.8%permanentpasture0%
forest:0.1%
other:96.3%(2011est.)
Irrigatedland:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2146&term=Irrigatedland)(../fields/2146.html#eg)
36,500sqkm(2012)
Populationdistribution:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2266&term=Populationdistribution)(../fields/2266.html#eg)
approximately95%ofthepopulationliveswithin20kmoftheNileRiveranditsdeltavastareasofthecountryremainsparsely
populatedoruninhabited
Naturalhazards:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2021&term=Naturalhazards)(../fields/2021.html#eg)
periodicdroughtsfrequentearthquakesflashfloodslandslideshot,drivingwindstormscalledkhamsinoccurinspringduststorms
sandstorms
Environmentcurrentissues:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2032&term=Environmentcurrentissues)(../fields/2032.html#eg)
agriculturallandbeinglosttourbanizationandwindblownsandsincreasingsoilsalinationbelowAswanHighDamdesertificationoil
pollutionthreateningcoralreefs,beaches,andmarinehabitatsotherwaterpollutionfromagriculturalpesticides,rawsewage,andindustrial
effluentslimitednaturalfreshwaterresourcesawayfromtheNile,whichistheonlyperennialwatersourcerapidgrowthinpopulation
overstrainingtheNileandnaturalresources
Environmentinternationalagreements:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2033&term=Environmentinternationalagreements)
(../fields/2033.html#eg)
partyto:Biodiversity,ClimateChange,ClimateChangeKyotoProtocol,Desertification,EndangeredSpecies,EnvironmentalModification,
HazardousWastes,LawoftheSea,MarineDumping,OzoneLayerProtection,ShipPollution,TropicalTimber83,TropicalTimber94,
Wetlands
signed,butnotratified:noneoftheselectedagreements
Geographynote:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2113&term=Geographynote)(../fields/2113.html#eg)
controlsSinaiPeninsula,onlylandbridgebetweenAfricaandremainderofEasternHemispherecontrolsSuezCanal,asealinkbetween
IndianOceanandMediterraneanSeasize,andjuxtapositiontoIsrael,establishitsmajorroleinMiddleEasterngeopoliticsdependenceon
upstreamneighborsdominanceofNilebasinissuespronetoinfluxesofrefugeesfromSudanandthePalestinianterritories
PeopleandSociety::EGYPT
Population:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2119&term=Population)(../fields/2119.html#eg)
97,041,072(July2017est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:14(../rankorder/2119rank.html#eg)
Nationality:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2110&term=Nationality)(../fields/2110.html#eg)
noun:Egyptian(s)
adjective:Egyptian
Ethnicgroups:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2075&term=Ethnicgroups)(../fields/2075.html#eg)
Egyptian99.6%,other0.4%(2006census)
Languages:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2098&term=Languages)(../fields/2098.html#eg)
Arabic(official),EnglishandFrenchwidelyunderstoodbyeducatedclasses
Religions:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2122&term=Religions)(../fields/2122.html#eg)
Muslim(predominantlySunni)90%,Christian(majorityCopticOrthodox,otherChristiansincludeArmenianApostolic,Catholic,Maronite,
Orthodox,andAnglican)10%(2015est.)
religiousaffiliation:

Demographicprofile:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2257&term=Demographicprofile)(../fields/2257.html#eg)
EgyptisthemostpopulouscountryintheArabworldandthethirdmostpopulouscountryinAfrica,behindNigeriaandEthiopia.Mostof
thecountryisdesert,soabout95%ofthepopulationisconcentratedinanarrowstripoffertilelandalongtheNileRiver,whichrepresentsonly
about5%ofEgyptslandarea.Egyptsrapidpopulationgrowth46%between1994and2014stresseslimitednaturalresources,jobs,
housing,sanitation,education,andhealthcare.
Althoughthecountrystotalfertilityrate(TFR)fellfromroughly5.5childrenperwomanin1980tojustover3inthelate1990s,largelyasa
resultofstatesponsoredfamilyplanningprograms,thepopulationgrowthratedroppedmoremodestlybecauseofdecreasedmortalityrates
andlongerlifeexpectancies.Duringthelastdecade,EgyptsTFRdeclinestalledforseveralyearsandthenreversed,reaching3.6in2011,
andhasplateauedthelastfewyears.Contraceptiveusehasheldsteadyatabout60%,whilepreferencesforlargerfamiliesandearly
marriagemayhavestrengthenedinthewakeoftherecent2011revolution.Thelargecohortofwomenofornearingchildbearingagewill
sustainhighpopulationgrowthfortheforeseeablefuture(aneffectcalledpopulationmomentum).
Nevertheless,postMUBARAKgovernmentshavenotmadecurbingpopulationgrowthapriority.Toincreasecontraceptiveuseandtoprevent
furtheroverpopulationwillrequiregreatergovernmentcommitmentandsubstantialsocialchange,includingencouragingsmallerfamiliesand
bettereducatingandempoweringwomen.Currently,literacy,educationalattainment,andlaborforceparticipationratesaremuchlowerfor
womenthanmen.Inaddition,theprevalenceofviolenceagainstwomen,thelackoffemalepoliticalrepresentation,andtheperpetuationof
thenearlyuniversalpracticeoffemalegenitalcuttingcontinuetokeepwomenfromplayingamoresignificantroleinEgyptspublicsphere.
Populationpressure,poverty,highunemployment,andthefragmentationofinheritedlandholdingshavehistoricallymotivatedEgyptians,
primarilyyoungmen,tomigrateinternallyfromruralandsmallerurbanareasintheNileDeltaregionandthepoorerruralsouthtoCairo,
Alexandria,andotherurbancentersinthenorth,whileamuchsmallernumbermigratedtotheRedSeaandSinaiareas.Wavesofforced
internalmigrationalsoresultedfromthe1967ArabIsraeliWarandthefloodscausedbythecompletionoftheAswanHighDamin1970.
Limitednumbersofstudentsandprofessionalsemigratedtemporarilypriortotheearly1970s,wheneconomicproblemsandhigh
unemploymentpushedtheEgyptianGovernmenttoliftrestrictionsonlabormigration.Atthesametime,highoilrevenuesenabledSaudi
Arabia,Iraq,andotherGulfstates,aswellasLibyaandJordan,tofunddevelopmentprojects,creatingademandforunskilledlabor(mainlyin
construction),whichattractedtensofthousandsofyoungEgyptianmen.
Between1970and1974alone,EgyptianmigrantsintheGulfcountriesincreasedfromapproximately70,000to370,000.Egyptianofficials
encouragedlegallabormigrationbothtoalleviateunemploymentandtogenerateremittanceincome(remittancescontinuetobeoneof
EgyptslargestsourcesofforeigncurrencyandGDP).Duringthemid1980s,however,depressedoilpricesresultingfromtheIranIraqWar,
decreaseddemandforlowskilledlabor,competitionfromlesscostlySouthAsianworkers,andeffortstoreplaceforeignworkerswithlocals
significantlyreducedEgyptianmigrationtotheGulfStates.ThenumberofEgyptianmigrantsdroppedfromapeakofalmost3.3millionin1983
toabout2.2millionatthestartofthe1990s,butnumbersgraduallyrecovered.
Inthe2000s,Egyptbeganfacilitatingmorelabormigrationthroughbilateralagreements,notablywithArabcountriesandItaly,butillegal
migrationtoEuropethroughoverstayedvisasormaritimehumansmugglingviaLibyaalsorose.TheEgyptianGovernmentestimatedthere
were6.5millionEgyptianmigrantsin2009,withroughly75%beingtemporarymigrantsinotherArabcountries(Libya,SaudiArabia,Jordan,
Kuwait,andtheUnitedArabEmirates)and25%beingpredominantlypermanentmigrantsintheWest(US,UK,Italy,France,andCanada).
Duringthe2000s,Egyptbecameanincreasinglyimportanttransitanddestinationcountryforeconomicmigrantsandasylumseekers,
includingPalestinians,EastAfricans,andSouthAsiansand,morerecently,IraqisandSyrians.Egyptdrawsmanyrefugeesbecauseofits
resettlementprogramswiththeWestCairohasoneofthelargesturbanrefugeepopulationsintheworld.ManyEastAfricanmigrantsare
internedorliveintemporaryencampmentsalongtheEgyptIsraelborder,andsomehavebeenshotandkilledbyEgyptianborderguards.
Agestructure:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2010&term=Agestructure)(../fields/2010.html#eg)
014years:33.29%(male16,720,307/female15,583,019)
1524years:18.94%(male9,464,262/female8,919,614)
2554years:37.6%(male18,545,422/female17,944,582)
5564years:5.95%(male2,861,136/female2,911,586)
65yearsandover:4.22%(male1,993,248/female2,097,896)(2017est.)

populationpyramid:

Dependencyratios:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2261&term=Dependencyratios)(../fields/2261.html#eg)
totaldependencyratio:61.8
youthdependencyratio:53.6
elderlydependencyratio:8.2
potentialsupportratio:12.2(2015est.)
Medianage:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2177&term=Medianage)(../fields/2177.html#eg)
total:23.8years
male:23.5years
female:24.1years(2016est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:164(../rankorder/2177rank.html#eg)
Populationgrowthrate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2002&term=Populationgrowthrate)(../fields/2002.html#eg)
2.5%(2017est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:19(../rankorder/2002rank.html#eg)
Birthrate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2054&term=Birthrate)(../fields/2054.html#eg)
29.6births/1,000population(2017est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:40(../rankorder/2054rank.html#eg)
Deathrate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2066&term=Deathrate)(../fields/2066.html#eg)
4.6deaths/1,000population(2017est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:203(../rankorder/2066rank.html#eg)
Netmigrationrate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2112&term=Netmigrationrate)(../fields/2112.html#eg)
0.5migrant(s)/1,000population(2017est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:125(../rankorder/2112rank.html#eg)
Populationdistribution:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2267&term=Populationdistribution)(../fields/2267.html#eg)
approximately95%ofthepopulationliveswithin20kmoftheNileRiveranditsdeltavastareasofthecountryremainsparsely
populatedoruninhabited
Urbanization:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2212&term=Urbanization)(../fields/2212.html#eg)
urbanpopulation:43.3%oftotalpopulation(2017)
rateofurbanization:1.8%annualrateofchange(201520est.)
Majorurbanareaspopulation:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2219&term=Majorurbanareaspopulation)(../fields/2219.html#eg)
CAIRO(capital)18.772millionAlexandria4.778million(2015)
Sexratio:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2018&term=Sexratio)(../fields/2018.html#eg)
atbirth:1.05male(s)/female
014years:1.07male(s)/female
1524years:1.06male(s)/female
2554years:1.03male(s)/female
5564years:0.98male(s)/female
65yearsandover:0.82male(s)/female
totalpopulation:1.05male(s)/female(2016est.)
Mother'smeanageatfirstbirth:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2256&term=Mother)(../fields/2256.html#eg)
22.7years
note:medianageatfirstbirthamongwomen2529(2014est.)
Maternalmortalityrate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2223&term=Maternalmortalityrate)(../fields/2223.html#eg)
33deaths/100,000livebirths(2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:92(../rankorder/2223rank.html#eg)
Infantmortalityrate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2091&term=Infantmortalityrate)(../fields/2091.html#eg)
total:19.7deaths/1,000livebirths
male:21deaths/1,000livebirths
female:18.3deaths/1,000livebirths(2016est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:85(../rankorder/2091rank.html#eg)
Lifeexpectancyatbirth:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2102&term=Lifeexpectancyatbirth)(../fields/2102.html#eg)
totalpopulation:72.7years
male:71.4years
female:74.2years(2016est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:142(../rankorder/2102rank.html#eg)
Totalfertilityrate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2127&term=Totalfertilityrate)(../fields/2127.html#eg)
3.47childrenborn/woman(2017est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:43(../rankorder/2127rank.html#eg)
Contraceptiveprevalencerate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2258&term=Contraceptiveprevalencerate)(../fields/2258.html#eg)
58.5%(2014)
Healthexpenditures:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2225&term=Healthexpenditures)(../fields/2225.html#eg)
5.6%ofGDP(2014)
countrycomparisontotheworld:119(../rankorder/2225rank.html#eg)
Physiciansdensity:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2226&term=Physiciansdensity)(../fields/2226.html#eg)
0.81physicians/1,000population(2014)
Hospitalbeddensity:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2227&term=Hospitalbeddensity)(../fields/2227.html#eg)
0.5beds/1,000population(2012)
Drinkingwatersource:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2216&term=Drinkingwatersource)(../fields/2216.html#eg)
improved:
urban:100%ofpopulation
rural:99%ofpopulation
total:99.4%ofpopulation
unimproved:
urban:0%ofpopulation
rural:1%ofpopulation
total:0.6%ofpopulation(2015est.)
Sanitationfacilityaccess:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2217&term=Sanitationfacilityaccess)(../fields/2217.html#eg)
improved:
urban:96.8%ofpopulation
rural:93.1%ofpopulation
total:94.7%ofpopulation
unimproved:
urban:3.2%ofpopulation
rural:6.9%ofpopulation
total:5.3%ofpopulation(2015est.)
HIV/AIDSadultprevalencerate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2155&term=HIV/AIDSadultprevalencerate)
(../fields/2155.html#eg)
<.1%(2016est.)
HIV/AIDSpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2156&term=HIV/AIDSpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS)
(../fields/2156.html#eg)
11,000(2016est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:90(../rankorder/2156rank.html#eg)
HIV/AIDSdeaths:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2157&term=HIV/AIDSdeaths)(../fields/2157.html#eg)
<500(2016est.)
Majorinfectiousdiseases:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2193&term=Majorinfectiousdiseases)(../fields/2193.html#eg)
degreeofrisk:intermediate
foodorwaterbornediseases:bacterialdiarrhea,hepatitisA,andtyphoidfever
watercontactdisease:schistosomiasis(2016)
Obesityadultprevalencerate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2228&term=Obesityadultprevalencerate)(../fields/2228.html#eg)
27.7%(2014)
countrycomparisontotheworld:17(../rankorder/2228rank.html#eg)
Childrenundertheageof5yearsunderweight:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2224&term=Childrenundertheageof5years
underweight)(../fields/2224.html#eg)
7%(2014)
countrycomparisontotheworld:77(../rankorder/2224rank.html#eg)
Educationexpenditures:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2206&term=Educationexpenditures)(../fields/2206.html#eg)
3.8%ofGDP(2008)
countrycomparisontotheworld:117(../rankorder/2206rank.html#eg)
Literacy:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2103&term=Literacy)(../fields/2103.html#eg)
definition:age15andovercanreadandwrite
totalpopulation:73.8%
male:82.2%
female:65.4%(2015est.)
Schoollifeexpectancy(primarytotertiaryeducation):(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2205&term=Schoollifeexpectancy(primaryto
tertiaryeducation))(../fields/2205.html#eg)
total:13years
male:13years
female:13years(2014)
Unemployment,youthages1524:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2229&term=Unemployment,youthages1524)
(../fields/2229.html#eg)
total:34.3%
male:28.7%
female:52.2%(2013est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:37(../rankorder/2229rank.html#eg)
Government::EGYPT
Countryname:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2142&term=Countryname)(../fields/2142.html#eg)
conventionallongform:ArabRepublicofEgypt
conventionalshortform:Egypt
locallongform:JumhuriyatMisralArabiyah
localshortform:Misr
former:UnitedArabRepublic(withSyria)
etymology:theEnglishname"Egypt"derivesfromtheancientGreeknameforthecountry"Aigyptos"theArabicname"Misr"canbetracedto
theancientAkkadian"misru"meaningborderorfrontier
Governmenttype:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2128&term=Governmenttype)(../fields/2128.html#eg)
presidentialrepublic
Capital:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2057&term=Capital)(../fields/2057.html#eg)
name:Cairo
geographiccoordinates:3003N,3115E
timedifference:UTC+2(7hoursaheadofWashington,DC,duringStandardTime)
Administrativedivisions:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2051&term=Administrativedivisions)(../fields/2051.html#eg)
27governorates(muhafazat,singularmuhafazat)AdDaqahliyah,AlBahralAhmar(RedSea),AlBuhayrah,AlFayyum,AlGharbiyah,
AlIskandariyah(Alexandria),AlIsma'iliyah(Ismailia),AlJizah(Giza),AlMinufiyah,AlMinya,AlQahirah(Cairo),AlQalyubiyah,AlUqsur
(Luxor),AlWadialJadid(NewValley),AsSuways(Suez),AshSharqiyah,Aswan,Asyut,BaniSuwayf,BurSa'id(PortSaid),Dumyat
(Damietta),JanubSina'(SouthSinai),KafrashShaykh,Matruh,Qina,ShamalSina'(NorthSinai),Suhaj
Independence:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2088&term=Independence)(../fields/2088.html#eg)
28February1922(fromUKprotectoratestatustherevolutionthatbeganon23July1952ledtoarepublicbeingdeclaredon18June
1953andallBritishtroopswithdrawnon18June1956)noteitwasca.3200B.C.thattheTwoLandsofUpper(southern)andLower
(northern)Egyptwerefirstunitedpolitically
Nationalholiday:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2109&term=Nationalholiday)(../fields/2109.html#eg)
RevolutionDay,23July(1952)
Constitution:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2063&term=Constitution)(../fields/2063.html#eg)
history:severalpreviouslatestapprovedbyaconstitutionalcommitteeinDecember2013,approvedbyreferendumheldon1415
January2014,ratifiedbyinterimpresidenton19January2014
amendments:proposedbythepresidentoftherepublicorbyonefifthoftheHouseofRepresentativesmembersadecisiontoacceptthe
proposalrequiresmajorityvotebyHousememberspassageofamendmentrequiresatwothirdsmajorityvotebyHousemembersand
passagebymajorityvoteinareferendumarticlesofreelectionofthepresidentandprinciplesoffreedomnotamendableunlessthe
amendment"bringsmoreguarantees"
note:inmid2017,somemembersoftheHouseofRepresentativessuggestedrevisionstothe2014constitutionthat,ifapproved,would
extendthetermofthepresidentandexpandpresidentialpowers(2017)
Legalsystem:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2100&term=Legalsystem)(../fields/2100.html#eg)
mixedlegalsystembasedonNapoleoniccivilandpenallaw,Islamicreligiouslaw,andvestigesofcolonialeralawsjudicialreviewofthe
constitutionalityoflawsbytheSupremeConstitutionalCourt
Internationallaworganizationparticipation:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2220&term=Internationallaworganizationparticipation)
(../fields/2220.html#eg)
acceptscompulsoryICJjurisdictionwithreservationsnonpartystatetotheICCt
Citizenship:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2263&term=Citizenship)(../fields/2263.html#eg)
citizenshipbybirth:no
citizenshipbydescentonly:ifthefatherwasborninEgypt
dualcitizenshiprecognized:onlywithpriorpermissionfromthegovernment
residencyrequirementfornaturalization:10years
Suffrage:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2123&term=Suffrage)(../fields/2123.html#eg)
18yearsofageuniversalandcompulsory
Executivebranch:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2077&term=Executivebranch)(../fields/2077.html#eg)
Chiefofstate:PresidentAbdelfattahSaidELSISI(since8June2014)
headofgovernment:PrimeMinisterSherifISMAIL(since12September2015)notePrimeMinisterIbrahimMEHLABresigned12September
2015
cabinet:Cabinetswornin19September2015
elections/appointments:presidentelectedbyabsolutemajoritypopularvotein2roundsifneededfora4yearterm(eligibleforasecondterm)
electionlastheldon2628May2014(nexttobeheldinMay2018)primeministerappointedbythepresident,approvedbytheHouseof
Representatives
electionresults:AbdelfattahSaidELSISIelectedpresidentpercentofvotein1roundAbdelfattahSaidELSISI(independent)96.6%,
HamdeenSABAHI(EgyptianCurrentParty)3.4%
Legislativebranch:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2101&term=Legislativebranch)(../fields/2101.html#eg)
description:unicameralHouseofRepresentatives(MajlisAlNowaab)596seats448membersdirectlyelectedbyindividualcandidacy
system,120memberswithquotasforwomen,youth,Christiansandworkerselectedinpartylistconstituenciesbysimplemajoritypopular
vote,and28membersselectedbythepresidentmemberterm5yearsnoteinauguralsessionheldon10January2016
elections:multiphaseelectioncompletedon16December2015(nexttobeheldin2020
electionresults:percentofvotebypartyNAseatsbypartyFreeEgyptiansParty65,NationsFutureParty53,NewWafdParty36,
HomelandsProtectorParty18,RepublicanPeoplesParty13,CongressParty12,alNourParty11,ConservativeParty6,DemocraticPeace
Party5,EgyptianSocialDemocraticParty4,EgyptianNationalMovement4,ModernEgyptParty4,ReformandDevelopmentParty3,
FreedomParty3,MyHomelandEgyptParty3,NationalProgressiveUnionistParty2,ArabDemocraticNasseristParty1,Revolutionary
GuardsParty1,FreeEgyptianBuildingParty1,independent351
Judicialbranch:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2094&term=Judicialbranch)(../fields/2094.html#eg)
highestcourt(s):SupremeConstitutionalCourtorSCC(consistsofthecourtpresidentand10justices)theSCCservesasthefinalcourt
ofarbitratonontheconstitutionalityoflawsandconflictsbetweenlowercourtsregardingjurisdictionandrulingsCourtofCassation(CC)
(consistsofthecourtpresidentand550judgesorganizedincircuitswithcasesheardbypanelsof5judges)theCCisthehighestappeals
bodyforcivilandcriminalcases,alsoknownasordinaryjustices"SupremeAdministrativeCourt(SAC)consistsofthecourtpresidentand
organizedincircuitswithcasesheardbypanelsof5judges)theSACisthehighestcourtoftheStateCouncil
judgeselectionandtermofoffice:underthe2014constitution,alljudgesandjusticesselectedbytheSupremeJudiciaryCounciland
appointedbythepresidentoftheRepublicjudgesappointedforlife
subordinatecourts:CourtsofAppealCourtsofFirstInstancecourtsoflimitedjurisdictionFamilyCourt(establishedin2004)
Politicalpartiesandleaders:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2118&term=Politicalpartiesandleaders)(../fields/2118.html#eg)
AlNour[YunisMAKHYUN]
ArabDemocraticNasseristParty[SamehASHOUR]
CongressParty[OmarMokhtarSEMEIDA]
ConservativeParty[AkmalKOURTAM]
DemocraticPeaceParty[AhmedFADALY]
EgyptianNationalMovementParty[IbrahimDARWISH]
EgyptianSocialDemocraticParty[MervatTALAWAY]
FreedomParty[MamdouhHASSAN]
FreeEgyptianBuildingParty
FreeEgyptiansParty[EssamKHALIL]
HomelandsProtectorParty[Lt.Gen.(retired)GalalALHARIDI]
ModernEgyptParty[NabilDEIBIS]
MostaqbalWatan(NationsFuture)Party[MohamedAshrafRASHAD]
MyHomelandEgyptParty[QadryABUHUSSEIN]
NationalProgressiveUnionist(Tagammu)Party[SayedAbdelAAL]
Nation'sFutureParty[AshrafRASHAD,secretarygeneral]
NewWafdParty[SayedalBADAWI]
ReformandDevelopmentParty[MohamadAnwaralSADAT]
RepublicanPeoplesParty[HazimAMR]
RevolutionaryGuardsParty[MagdyELSHARIF]
Politicalpressuregroupsandleaders:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2115&term=Politicalpressuregroupsandleaders)
(../fields/2115.html#eg)
NA
Internationalorganizationparticipation:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2107&term=Internationalorganizationparticipation)
(../fields/2107.html#eg)
ABEDA,AfDB,AFESD,AMF,AU,BSEC(observer),CAEU,CD,CICA,COMESA,D8,EBRD,FAO,G15,G24,G77,IAEA,IBRD,ICAO,
ICC(nationalcommittees),ICRM,IDA,IDB,IFAD,IFC,IFRCS,IHO,ILO,IMF,IMO,IMSO,Interpol,IOC,IOM,IPU,ISO,ITSO,ITU,LAS,
MIGA,MINURSO,MINUSMA,MONUSCO,NAM,OAPEC,OAS(observer),OIC,OIF,OSCE(partner),PCA,UN,UNSecurityCouncil
(temporary),UNAMID,UNCTAD,UNESCO,UNHCR,UNIDO,UNMISS,UNOCI,UNRWA,UNWTO,UPU,WCO,WFTU(NGOs),WHO,
WIPO,WMO,WTO
DiplomaticrepresentationintheUS:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2149&term=DiplomaticrepresentationintheUS)
(../fields/2149.html#eg)
chiefofmission:AmbassadorYasserREDA(since19September2015)
chancery:3521InternationalCourtNW,Washington,DC20008
telephone:[1](202)8955400
FAX:[1](202)2445131
consulate(s)general:Chicago,Houston,LosAngeles,NewYork
DiplomaticrepresentationfromtheUS:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2007&term=DiplomaticrepresentationfromtheUS)
(../fields/2007.html#eg)
chiefofmission:AmbassadorR.StephenBEECROFT(since18December2014)
embassy:5TawfikDiabSt.,GardenCity,Cairo
mailingaddress:Unit64900,Box15,APOAE0983949005TawfikDiabStreet,GardenCity,Cairo
telephone:[20](2)27973300
FAX:[20](2)27973200
Flagdescription:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2081&term=Flagdescription)(../fields/2081.html#eg)
threeequalhorizontalbandsofred(top),white,andblackthenationalemblem(agoldEagleofSaladinfacingthehoistsidewitha
shieldsuperimposedonitschestaboveascrollbearingthenameofthecountryinArabic)centeredinthewhitebandthebandcolorsderive
fromtheArabLiberationflagandrepresentoppression(black),overcomethroughbloodystruggle(red),tobereplacedbyabrightfuture
(white)
note:similartotheflagofSyria,whichhastwogreenstarsinthewhiteband,Iraq,whichhasanArabicinscriptioncenteredinthewhiteband,
andYemen,whichhasaplainwhiteband
Nationalsymbol(s):(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2230&term=Nationalsymbol(s))(../fields/2230.html#eg)
goldeneagle,whitelotusnationalcolors:red,white,black
Nationalanthem:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2218&term=Nationalanthem)(../fields/2218.html#eg)
name:"Bilady,Bilady,Bilady"(MyHomeland,MyHomeland,MyHomeland)
lyrics/music:YounisalQADI/SayedDARWISH
note:adopted1979thecurrentanthem,lessmilitaristicthanthepreviousone,wascreatedafterthesigningofthe1979peacetreatywith
IsraelSayedDARWISH,commonlyconsideredthefatherofmodernEgyptianmusic,composedtheanthem
0:00

Economy::EGYPT
Economyoverview:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2116&term=Economyoverview)(../fields/2116.html#eg)
OccupyingthenortheastcorneroftheAfricancontinent,EgyptisbisectedbythehighlyfertileNilevalley,wheremosteconomicactivity
takesplace.Egypt'seconomywashighlycentralizedduringtheruleofformerPresidentGamalAbdelNASSERbutopenedupconsiderably
underformerPresidentsAnwarELSADATandMohamedHosniMUBARAK.
Cairofrom2004to2008pursuedbusinessclimatereformstoattractforeigninvestmentandfacilitategrowth.Poorlivingconditionsandlimited
jobopportunitiesfortheaverageEgyptiancontributetopublicdiscontent,amajorfactorleadingtotheJanuary2011revolutionthatousted
MUBARAK.Theuncertainpolitical,security,andpolicyenvironmentsince2011causedeconomicgrowthtoslowsignificantly,hurtingtourism,
manufacturing,andothersectorsandpushingupunemployment,whichremainsabove10%.
Weakgrowthandlimitedforeignexchangeearningshavemadepublicfinancesunsustainable,leavingauthoritiesdependentonexpensive
borrowingfordeficitfinanceandonGulfalliestohelpcovertheimportbill.In201516,higherlevelsofforeigninvestmentcontributedtoa
slightreboundinGDPgrowthafteraparticularlydepressedpostrevolutionperiod.In2016,Cairoenactedavalueaddedtax,implemented
fuelandelectricitysubsidycuts,andfloateditscurrency,whichledtoasharpdepreciationofthepoundandcorrespondinginflation.In
November2016,theIMFapproveda$12billion,threeyearloanforEgyptanddisbursedthefirst$2.75billiontranche.
GDP(purchasingpowerparity):(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2001&term=GDP(purchasingpowerparity))
(../fields/2001.html#eg)
$1.132trillion(2016est.)
$1.086trillion(2015est.)
$1.04trillion(2014est.)
note:dataarein2016dollars
countrycomparisontotheworld:23(../rankorder/2001rank.html#eg)
GDP(officialexchangerate):(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2195&term=GDP(officialexchangerate))(../fields/2195.html#eg)
$332.3billion(2016est.)
GDPrealgrowthrate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2003&term=GDPrealgrowthrate)(../fields/2003.html#eg)
4.3%(2016est.)
4.4%(2015est.)
2.9%(2014est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:60(../rankorder/2003rank.html#eg)
GDPpercapita(PPP):(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2004&term=GDPpercapita(PPP))(../fields/2004.html#eg)
$12,600(2016est.)
$12,200(2015est.)
$12,000(2014est.)
note:dataarein2016dollars
countrycomparisontotheworld:125(../rankorder/2004rank.html#eg)
Grossnationalsaving:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2260&term=Grossnationalsaving)(../fields/2260.html#eg)
9.4%ofGDP(2016est.)
10.6%ofGDP(2015est.)
12.9%ofGDP(2014est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:158(../rankorder/2260rank.html#eg)
GDPcomposition,byenduse:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2259&term=GDPcomposition,byenduse)
(../fields/2259.html#eg)
householdconsumption:84.4%
governmentconsumption:12%
investmentinfixedcapital:12.1%
investmentininventories:0.4%
exportsofgoodsandservices:12.7%
importsofgoodsandservices:21.6%(2016est.)
GDPcomposition,bysectoroforigin:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2012&term=GDPcomposition,bysectoroforigin)
(../fields/2012.html#eg)
agriculture:11.3%
industry:35.8%
services:52.9%(2016est.)
Agricultureproducts:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2052&term=Agricultureproducts)(../fields/2052.html#eg)
cotton,rice,corn,wheat,beans,fruits,vegetablescattle,waterbuffalo,sheep,goats
Industries:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2090&term=Industries)(../fields/2090.html#eg)
textiles,foodprocessing,tourism,chemicals,pharmaceuticals,hydrocarbons,construction,cement,metals,lightmanufactures
Industrialproductiongrowthrate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2089&term=Industrialproductiongrowthrate)
(../fields/2089.html#eg)
0.6%(2016est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:160(../rankorder/2089rank.html#eg)
Laborforce:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2095&term=Laborforce)(../fields/2095.html#eg)
31.96million(2016est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:20(../rankorder/2095rank.html#eg)
Laborforcebyoccupation:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2048&term=Laborforcebyoccupation)(../fields/2048.html#eg)
agriculture:29.2%
industry:23.5%
services:47.3%(2013est.)
Unemploymentrate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2129&term=Unemploymentrate)(../fields/2129.html#eg)
13.1%(2016est.)
12.8%(2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:149(../rankorder/2129rank.html#eg)
Populationbelowpovertyline:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2046&term=Populationbelowpovertyline)(../fields/2046.html#eg)
25.2%(2011est.)
Householdincomeorconsumptionbypercentageshare:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2047&term=Householdincomeorconsumption
bypercentageshare)(../fields/2047.html#eg)
lowest10%:4%
highest10%:26.6%(2008)
DistributionoffamilyincomeGiniindex:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2172&term=DistributionoffamilyincomeGiniindex)
(../fields/2172.html#eg)
30.8(2008)
32.1(2005)
countrycomparisontotheworld:119(../rankorder/2172rank.html#eg)
Budget:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2056&term=Budget)(../fields/2056.html#eg)
revenues:$60.09billion
expenditures:$92.37billion(2016est.)
Taxesandotherrevenues:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2221&term=Taxesandotherrevenues)(../fields/2221.html#eg)
17.5%ofGDP(2016est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:170(../rankorder/2221rank.html#eg)
Budgetsurplus(+)ordeficit():(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2222&term=Budgetsurplus(+)ordeficit())(../fields/2222.html#eg)
9.4%ofGDP(2016est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:199(../rankorder/2222rank.html#eg)
 Publicdebt:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2186&term=Publicdebt)(../fields/2186.html#eg)
92.6%ofGDP(2016est.)
90.2%ofGDP(2015est.)
note:datacovercentralgovernmentdebtandincludesdebtinstrumentsissued(orowned)bygovernmententitiesotherthanthetreasurythe
dataincludetreasurydebtheldbyforeignentitiesthedataincludedebtissuedbysubnationalentities,aswellasintragovernmentaldebt
intragovernmentaldebtconsistsoftreasuryborrowingsfromsurplusesinthesocialfunds,suchasforretirement,medicalcare,and
unemploymentdebtinstrumentsforthesocialfundsaresoldatpublicauctions
countrycomparisontotheworld:18(../rankorder/2186rank.html#eg)
Fiscalyear:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2080&term=Fiscalyear)(../fields/2080.html#eg)
1July30June
Inflationrate(consumerprices):(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2092&term=Inflationrate(consumerprices))
(../fields/2092.html#eg)
10.2%(2016est.)
11%(2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:208(../rankorder/2092rank.html#eg)
Centralbankdiscountrate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2207&term=Centralbankdiscountrate)(../fields/2207.html#eg)
9.75%(30October2014)
8.75%(5December2013)
countrycomparisontotheworld:24(../rankorder/2207rank.html#eg)
Commercialbankprimelendingrate:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2208&term=Commercialbankprimelendingrate)
(../fields/2208.html#eg)
12.5%(31December2016est.)
11.63%(31December2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:64(../rankorder/2208rank.html#eg)
Stockofnarrowmoney:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2214&term=Stockofnarrowmoney)(../fields/2214.html#eg)
$55.96billion(31December2016est.)
$66.49billion(31December2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:47(../rankorder/2214rank.html#eg)
Stockofbroadmoney:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2215&term=Stockofbroadmoney)(../fields/2215.html#eg)
$210.8billion(31December2016est.)
$243.4billion(31December2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:41(../rankorder/2215rank.html#eg)
Stockofdomesticcredit:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2211&term=Stockofdomesticcredit)(../fields/2211.html#eg)
$260.3billion(31December2016est.)
$297.4billion(31December2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:39(../rankorder/2211rank.html#eg)
Marketvalueofpubliclytradedshares:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2200&term=Marketvalueofpubliclytradedshares)
(../fields/2200.html#eg)
$55.19billion(31December2015est.)
$70.08billion(31December2014est.)
$61.63billion(31December2013est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:49(../rankorder/2200rank.html#eg)
Currentaccountbalance:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2187&term=Currentaccountbalance)(../fields/2187.html#eg)
$18.66billion(2016est.)
$12.18billion(2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:188(../rankorder/2187rank.html#eg)
Exports:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2078&term=Exports)(../fields/2078.html#eg)
$14.73billion(2016est.)
$19.03billion(2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:73(../rankorder/2078rank.html#eg)
Exportscommodities:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2049&term=Exportscommodities)(../fields/2049.html#eg)
crudeoilandpetroleumproducts,fruitsandvegetables,cotton,textiles,metalproducts,chemicals,processedfood
Exportspartners:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2050&term=Exportspartners)(../fields/2050.html#eg)
SaudiArabia9.1%,Italy7.5%,Turkey5.8%,UAE5.1%,US5.1%,UK4.4%,India4.1%(2015)
Imports:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2087&term=Imports)(../fields/2087.html#eg)
$50.07billion(2016est.)
$57.17billion(2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:47(../rankorder/2087rank.html#eg)
Importscommodities:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2058&term=Importscommodities)(../fields/2058.html#eg)
machineryandequipment,foodstuffs,chemicals,woodproducts,fuels
Importspartners:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2061&term=Importspartners)(../fields/2061.html#eg)
China13%,Germany7.7%,US5.9%,Turkey4.5%,Russia4.4%,Italy4.4%,SaudiArabia4.1%(2015)
Reservesofforeignexchangeandgold:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2188&term=Reservesofforeignexchangeandgold)
(../fields/2188.html#eg)
$15.06billion(31December2016est.)
$15.49billion(31December2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:64(../rankorder/2188rank.html#eg)
Debtexternal:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2079&term=Debtexternal)(../fields/2079.html#eg)
$50.67billion(31December2016est.)
$44.61billion(31December2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:62(../rankorder/2079rank.html#eg)
 Stockofdirectforeigninvestmentathome:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2198&term=Stockofdirectforeigninvestmentathome)
(../fields/2198.html#eg)
$94.51billion(31December2016est.)
$89.65billion(31December2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:47(../rankorder/2198rank.html#eg)
Stockofdirectforeigninvestmentabroad:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2199&term=Stockofdirectforeigninvestmentabroad)
(../fields/2199.html#eg)
$8.042billion(31December2016est.)
$7.362billion(31December2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:64(../rankorder/2199rank.html#eg)
Exchangerates:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2076&term=Exchangerates)(../fields/2076.html#eg)
Egyptianpounds(EGP)perUSdollar
9.71(2016est.)
7.71(2015est.)
7.71(2014est.)
7.08(2013est.)
6.06(2012est.)
Energy::EGYPT
Electricityaccess:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2268&term=Electricityaccess)(../fields/2268.html#eg)
populationwithoutelectricity:300,000
electrificationtotalpopulation:99.6%
electrificationurbanareas:100%
electrificationruralareas:99.3%(2013)
Electricityproduction:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2232&term=Electricityproduction)(../fields/2232.html#eg)
162billionkWh(2014est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:24(../rankorder/2232rank.html#eg)
Electricityconsumption:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2233&term=Electricityconsumption)(../fields/2233.html#eg)
143billionkWh(2014est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:23(../rankorder/2233rank.html#eg)
Electricityexports:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2234&term=Electricityexports)(../fields/2234.html#eg)
500millionkWh(2014est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:68(../rankorder/2234rank.html#eg)
Electricityimports:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2235&term=Electricityimports)(../fields/2235.html#eg)
81millionkWh(2014est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:101(../rankorder/2235rank.html#eg)
Electricityinstalledgeneratingcapacity:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2236&term=Electricityinstalledgeneratingcapacity)
(../fields/2236.html#eg)
38millionkW(2014est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:28(../rankorder/2236rank.html#eg)
Electricityfromfossilfuels:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2237&term=Electricityfromfossilfuels)(../fields/2237.html#eg)
87.7%oftotalinstalledcapacity(2012est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:79(../rankorder/2237rank.html#eg)
Electricityfromnuclearfuels:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2239&term=Electricityfromnuclearfuels)(../fields/2239.html#eg)
0%oftotalinstalledcapacity(2012est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:83(../rankorder/2239rank.html#eg)
Electricityfromhydroelectricplants:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2238&term=Electricityfromhydroelectricplants)
(../fields/2238.html#eg)
9.5%oftotalinstalledcapacity(2012est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:121(../rankorder/2238rank.html#eg)
Electricityfromotherrenewablesources:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2240&term=Electricityfromotherrenewablesources)
(../fields/2240.html#eg)
2.8%oftotalinstalledcapacity(2012est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:75(../rankorder/2240rank.html#eg)
Crudeoilproduction:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2241&term=Crudeoilproduction)(../fields/2241.html#eg)
511,600bbl/day(2015est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:29(../rankorder/2241rank.html#eg)
Crudeoilexports:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2242&term=Crudeoilexports)(../fields/2242.html#eg)
193,400bbl/day(2013est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:31(../rankorder/2242rank.html#eg)
Crudeoilimports:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2243&term=Crudeoilimports)(../fields/2243.html#eg)
59,600bbl/day(2013est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:54(../rankorder/2243rank.html#eg)
Crudeoilprovedreserves:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2244&term=Crudeoilprovedreserves)(../fields/2244.html#eg)
4.4billionbbl(1January2016es)
countrycomparisontotheworld:27(../rankorder/2244rank.html#eg)
Refinedpetroleumproductsproduction:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2245&term=Refinedpetroleumproductsproduction)
(../fields/2245.html#eg)
547,800bbl/day(2013est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:32(../rankorder/2245rank.html#eg)
Refinedpetroleumproductsconsumption:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2246&term=Refinedpetroleumproductsconsumption)
(../fields/2246.html#eg)
797,000bbl/day(2014est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:26(../rankorder/2246rank.html#eg)
Refinedpetroleumproductsexports:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2247&term=Refinedpetroleumproductsexports)
(../fields/2247.html#eg)
45,500bbl/day(2013est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:58(../rankorder/2247rank.html#eg)
Refinedpetroleumproductsimports:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2248&term=Refinedpetroleumproductsimports)
(../fields/2248.html#eg)
215,600bbl/day(2013est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:31(../rankorder/2248rank.html#eg)
Naturalgasproduction:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2249&term=Naturalgasproduction)(../fields/2249.html#eg)
48.8billioncum(2014est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:17(../rankorder/2249rank.html#eg)
Naturalgasconsumption:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2250&term=Naturalgasconsumption)(../fields/2250.html#eg)
48.08billioncum(2014est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:17(../rankorder/2250rank.html#eg)
Naturalgasexports:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2251&term=Naturalgasexports)(../fields/2251.html#eg)
720millioncum(2014est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:41(../rankorder/2251rank.html#eg)
Naturalgasimports:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2252&term=Naturalgasimports)(../fields/2252.html#eg)
2.832billioncum(2013est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:46(../rankorder/2252rank.html#eg)
Naturalgasprovedreserves:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2253&term=Naturalgasprovedreserves)(../fields/2253.html#eg)
2.186trillioncum(1January2016es)
countrycomparisontotheworld:16(../rankorder/2253rank.html#eg)
Carbondioxideemissionsfromconsumptionofenergy:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2254&term=Carbondioxideemissionsfrom
consumptionofenergy)(../fields/2254.html#eg)
207millionMt(2013est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:27(../rankorder/2254rank.html#eg)
Communications::EGYPT
Telephonesfixedlines:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2150&term=Telephonesfixedlines)(../fields/2150.html#eg)
totalsubscriptions:6,118,250
subscriptionsper100inhabitants:6(July2016est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:26(../rankorder/2150rank.html#eg)
Telephonesmobilecellular:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2151&term=Telephonesmobilecellular)(../fields/2151.html#eg)
total:97,791,441
subscriptionsper100inhabitants:103(July2016est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:17(../rankorder/2151rank.html#eg)
Telephonesystem:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2124&term=Telephonesystem)(../fields/2124.html#eg)
generalassessment:TelecomEgyptremainslargelystateownedprincipalcentersatAlexandria,Cairo,AlMansurah,Ismailia,Suez,
andTantaareconnectedbycoaxialcableandmicrowaveradiorelay
domestic:largestfixedlinesysteminAfricaandtheArabregionmultiplemobilecellularnetworkswitha100percentpenetrationofthemarket
international:countrycode20landingpointforAletar,theSEAMEWE3andSEAMEWE4submarinecablenetworks,LinkAroundthe
Globe(FLAG)FalconandFLAGFEAsatelliteearthstations4(2IntelsatAtlanticOceanandIndianOcean,1Arabsat,and1Inmarsat)
troposphericscattertoSudanmicrowaveradiorelaytoIsraelaparticipantinMedarabtel(2016)
Broadcastmedia:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2213&term=Broadcastmedia)(../fields/2213.html#eg)
mixofstaterunandprivatebroadcastmediastaterunTVoperates2nationaland6regionalterrestrialnetworks,aswellasafew
satellitechannelsabout20privatesatellitechannelsandalargenumberofArabicsatellitechannelsareavailableviasubscriptionstaterun
radiooperatesabout70stationsbelongingto8networks2privatelyownedradiostationsoperational(2008)
Internetcountrycode:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2154&term=Internetcountrycode)(../fields/2154.html#eg)
.eg
Internetusers:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2153&term=Internetusers)(../fields/2153.html#eg)
total:37,122,537
percentofpopulation:39.2%(July2016est.)
countrycomparisontotheworld:15(../rankorder/2153rank.html#eg)
Transportation::EGYPT
Nationalairtransportsystem:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2269&term=Nationalairtransportsystem)(../fields/2269.html#eg)
numberofregisteredaircarriers:14
inventoryofregisteredaircraftoperatedbyaircarriers:101
annualpassengertrafficonregisteredaircarriers:10,159,464
annualfreighttrafficonregisteredaircarriers:397,531,535mtkm(2015)
Civilaircraftregistrationcountrycodeprefix:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2270&term=Civilaircraftregistrationcountrycodeprefix)
(../fields/2270.html#eg)
SU(2016)
Airports:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2053&term=Airports)(../fields/2053.html#eg)
83(2013)
countrycomparisontotheworld:66(../rankorder/2053rank.html#eg)
Airportswithpavedrunways:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2030&term=Airportswithpavedrunways)(../fields/2030.html#eg)
total:72
over3,047m:15
2,438to3,047m:36
1,524to2,437m:15
under914m:6(2013)
 Airportswithunpavedrunways:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2031&term=Airportswithunpavedrunways)
(../fields/2031.html#eg)
total:11
2,438to3,047m:1
1,524to2,437m:3
914to1,523m:4
under914m:3(2013)
Heliports:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2019&term=Heliports)(../fields/2019.html#eg)
7(2013)
Pipelines:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2117&term=Pipelines)(../fields/2117.html#eg)
condensate486kmcondensate/gas74kmgas7,986kmliquidpetroleumgas957kmoil5,225kmoil/gas/water37kmrefined
products895kmwater65km(2013)
Railways:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2121&term=Railways)(../fields/2121.html#eg)
total:5,085km
standardgauge:5,085km1.435mgauge(62kmelectrified)(2014)
countrycomparisontotheworld:37(../rankorder/2121rank.html#eg)
Roadways:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2085&term=Roadways)(../fields/2085.html#eg)
total:137,430km
paved:126,742km(includes838kmofexpressways)
unpaved:10,688km(2010)
countrycomparisontotheworld:38(../rankorder/2085rank.html#eg)
Waterways:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2093&term=Waterways)(../fields/2093.html#eg)
3,500km(includestheNileRiver,LakeNasser,AlexandriaCairoWaterway,andnumeroussmallercanalsinNileDeltatheSuezCanal
(193.5kmincludingapproaches)isnavigablebyoceangoingvesselsdrawingupto17.68m)(2011)
countrycomparisontotheworld:29(../rankorder/2093rank.html#eg)
Merchantmarine:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2108&term=Merchantmarine)(../fields/2108.html#eg)
total:67
bytype:bulkcarrier16,cargo20,container3,passenger/cargo7,petroleumtanker12,rollon/rolloff9
foreignowned:13(Denmark1,France1,Greece8,Jordan2,Lebanon1)
registeredinothercountries:42(Cambodia4,Georgia7,Honduras2,Liberia3,Malta1,MarshallIslands1,Moldova5,Panama11,Saint
KittsandNevis1,SaintVincentandtheGrenadines2,SaudiArabia1,SierraLeone3,unknown1)(2010)
countrycomparisontotheworld:62(../rankorder/2108rank.html#eg)
Portsandterminals:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2120&term=Portsandterminals)(../fields/2120.html#eg)
majorseaport(s):MediterraneanSeaAlexandria,Damietta,ElDekheila,PortSaidGulfofSuezSuez
oilterminal(s):AinSukhnaterminal,SidiKerirterminal
containerport(s)(TEUs):Alexandria(1,662,000),PortSaid(East)(3,036,000)(2015)
LNGterminal(s)(export):Damietta,Idku(AbuQirBay)
MilitaryandSecurity::EGYPT
Militaryexpenditures:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2034&term=Militaryexpenditures)(../fields/2034.html#eg)
1.67%ofGDP(2016)
1.72%ofGDP(2015)
1.69%ofGDP(2014)
1.61%ofGDP(2013)
1.65%ofGDP(2012)
countrycomparisontotheworld:53(../rankorder/2034rank.html#eg)
Militarybranches:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2055&term=Militarybranches)(../fields/2055.html#eg)
Army,Navy,AirForce,AirDefenseForces(2015)
Militaryserviceageandobligation:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2024&term=Militaryserviceageandobligation)
(../fields/2024.html#eg)
1830yearsofageformaleconscriptmilitaryserviceserviceobligation1836months,followedbya9yearreserveobligationvoluntary
enlistmentpossiblefromage15(2017)
TransnationalIssues::EGYPT
Disputesinternational:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2070&term=Disputesinternational)(../fields/2070.html#eg)
SudanclaimsbutEgyptdefactoadministerssecurityandeconomicdevelopmentofHalaibregionnorthofthe22ndparallelboundary
EgyptnolongershowsitsadministrationoftheBirTawiltrapezoidinSudanonitsmapsGazanbreachesinthesecuritywallwithEgyptin
January2008highlightdifficultiesinmonitoringtheSinaiborderSaudiArabiaclaimsEgyptianadministeredislandsofTiranandSanafir
Refugeesandinternallydisplacedpersons:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2194&term=Refugeesandinternallydisplacedpersons)
(../fields/2194.html#eg)
refugees(countryoforigin):70,027(WestBankandGazaStrip)6,835(Somalia)(2016)15,053(Sudan)122,203(Syria)(2017)
IDPs:78,000(2016)
statelesspersons:19(2016)
Traffickinginpersons:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2196&term=Traffickinginpersons)(../fields/2196.html#eg)
currentsituation:Egyptisasource,transit,anddestinationcountryformen,women,andchildrensubjectedtosextraffickingandforced
laborEgyptianchildren,includingthelargepopulationofstreetchildrenarevulnerabletoforcedlaborindomesticservice,beggingand
agricultureormaybevictimsofsextraffickingorchildsextourism,whichoccursinCairo,Alexandria,andLuxorsomeEgyptianwomenand
girlsaresoldintotemporaryorsummermarriageswithGulfmen,throughthecomplicityoftheirparentsormarriagebrokers,andare
exploitedforprostitutionorforcedlaborEgyptianmenaresubjecttoforcedlaborinneighboringcountries,whileadultsfromSouthand
SoutheastAsiaandEastAfricaandincreasinglySyrianrefugeesareforcedtoworkindomesticservice,construction,cleaning,and
begginginEgyptwomenandgirls,includingmigrantsandrefugees,fromAsia,subSaharanAfrica,andtheMiddleEastaresextraffickedin
EgypttheEgyptianmilitarycrackeddownoncriminalgroupssmuggling,abducting,trafficking,andextortingAfricanmigrantsintheSinai
Peninsula,butthepracticehasreemergedinalongEgyptswesternborderwithLibya
tierrating:Tier2WatchListEgyptdoesnotfullycomplywiththeminimumstandardsfortheeliminationoftraffickinghowever,itismaking
significanteffortstodosothegovernmentgathereddatanationwideontraffickingcasestobetterallocatedandprioritizeantitrafficking
efforts,butoverallitdidnotdemonstrateincreasedprogressprosecutionsincreasedin2014,butnooffenderswereconvictedforthesecond
consecutiveyearfewertraffickingvictimswereidentifiedin2014,whichrepresentsasignificantandongoingdecreasefromtheprevioustwo
reportingperiodsthegovernmentreliedonNGOsandinternationalorganizationstoidentifyandrefervictimstoprotectiveservices,and
focusedonEgyptianvictimsandrefusedtoprovidesomeservicestoforeignvictims,attimesincludingshelter(2015)
Illicitdrugs:(../docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2086&term=Illicitdrugs)(../fields/2086.html#eg)
transitpointforcannabis,heroin,andopiummovingtoEurope,Israel,andNorthAfricatransitstopforNigeriandrugcouriersconcern
asmoneylaunderingsiteduetolaxenforcementoffinancialregulations

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