PMC full text: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016; 2016: 3012462.

Published online 2016 Dec 20. doi: 10.1155/2016/3012462

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Table 2
Chemical composition of various essential oils and their antifungal activity against human pathogens.

MAPs Part Major chemical Inhibited microorganisms References

used compounds

Aegle marmelos Leaves -Cadinene, - Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium [36]
carene, -pinene oxysporum

Artemisia biennis Aerial (Z)--Ocimene, (E)- Cryptococcus neoformans, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, [21]
parts beta-farnesene, A. niger
acetylenes, (Z)- and
(E)-en-yn-
dicycloethers

Cinnamomum zeylancium Bark, Cinnamaldehyde C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei [23, 24]

leaves

Coriandrum sativum Leaves 2E-Decenal, C. albicans [26, 27]

decanal, 2E-decen-
1-ol, n-decanol

Daucus littoralis Leaves, Germacrene D, C. albicans [80]

stems, acorenone B
roots,
flowers,
fruits

Dracocephalum foetidum Leaves n-Mentha-1,8-dien- C. albicans [32]

10-al, limonene,
geranial, neral

Eremanthuserythropappus Leaves (Z)-Caryophyllene, C. albicans, C. gattii, C. gattii, C. neoformans, [33]

germacrene D, S. cerevisiae
viridiflorol, p-
cymene, -terpinene

Euphrasia rostkoviana Essential n-Hexadecanoic C. albicans [35]

oil acid, thymol,
 myristic acid,
linalool

Feoniculum vulgare Seed Trans-anethole, Alternaria alternata, F. oxysporum, A. flavus [81]

methylchavicol,
limonene

Fortunella margarita Leaves Gurjunene, A. niger, C. albicans [36]

eudesmol,
muurolene

Glechon spathulata Leaves -Caryophyllene, Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton [82]

bicyclogermacrene floccosum

Glechon marifolia Leaves -Caryophyllene, T. rubrum, E. floccosum [82]

bicyclogermacrene

Lippia sidoides Leaves Thymol and C. albicans [39]

carvacrol

Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Terpinen-4-ol, 1,8- Alternaria spp. A. flavus, A. fumigates, A. niger, [42, 81, 83,
(tea tree oil) oil cineole, -terpinene, Blastoschizomyces Capitatus, C. albicans, C. 84]
-terpinene, glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis,
terpinolene Cladosporium spp., C. neoformans,
Epidermophyton floccosum, Fusarium spp.,
Malassezia furfur, Microsporum canis, M.
sympodialis, M. gypseum, Penicillium spp.,
Rhodotorula rubra, Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T.
tonsurans, Trichosporon spp.

Mentha pulegium Arial Piperitone, A. niger, C. albicans, C. zemplinina, Kloeckera [30, 41]
part piperitenone, - apiculata, Metschnikowia pulcherrima,
terpineol pulegone Tetrapisispora phaffii

Momordica charantia Seed Trans-nerolidol, C. albicans [44]

apiole, cis-
dihydrocarveol,
germacrene D

Myrtus communis Leaves Eugenol, - C. albicans, A. flavus [45,

terpineol, - 8587]
terpinene, -
caryophyllene

Nigella sativa Seeds Thymoquinone, p- A. flavus, Fusariummoniliforme, F. [46, 62]

cymene, -thujene, graminearum, P. viridicatum
thymohydroquinone,
 longifolene

Ocimum species Leaves, Eugenol, methyl C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, P. [26, 27, 47,
(Ocimum basilicum, flower eugenol, cis- notatum, R. stolonifer, M. mucedo, A. 48, 57]
Ocimum gratissimum, O. ocimene, trans- ochraceus, A. versicolor, A. niger, A. fumigates,
kilimandscharicum, O. ocimene, -pinene T. viride, P. funiculosum
lamiifolium, O. suave) camphor

Origanum vulgare Leaves, Carvacrol, thymol, C. albicans, A. niger, M. gypseum, M. canis, A. [52, 56,
arial part -terpinene, trans- cajetani, T. violaceum, T. mentagrophytes, E. 88]
sabinene hydrate, floccosum, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans,
cis-piperitol, phytopathogens B. cinerea and P. oryzae
borneol, terpinen-4-
ol, linalool

Pelargonium graveolens Leaves Citronellol, C. tropicalis [89]

citronellyl formate,
geraniol

Plectranthus barbatus Leaves (Z)-Caryophyllene, C. albicans, C. gattii, C. gattii, C. neoformans, [4, 33]
and P. amboinicus germacrene D, S. cerevisiae.
viridiflorol, p-
cymene, -terpinene

Pogostemon cablin Leaves Patchoulol, - Aspergillus species, C. albicans [1, 90, 91]
guaieno; gurjunene-
, -guaiene,
aromadendrene, -
patchoulene

Rosmarinus officinalis Leaves Camphor, C. albicans, M. gypseum, M. canis, A. cajetani, [65, 88]
camphene, T. violaceum, T. mentagrophytes, E. floccosum,
limonene, geraniol, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans, phytopathogens B.
myrcene, linalool cinerea, P. oryzae
benzaylacetate,
linalool, -pinene,
-terpinolene,
bornyl acetate,
borneol

Salvia sclarea Arial Linalool, linalyl C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. [39, 84]
part acetate, geranyl glabrata, C. parapsilosis
acetate, - ocimene
acetate,
caryophyllene oxide

Syzygium aromaticum Leaves Eugenol, A. fumigatus, C. albicans, Candida spp. [25, 92]
eugenylacetate