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1. Diferensiasi magma
Fraksinasi kristalisasi (gravity settling, filter pressing)
Liquid immiscibility
2. Magma mixing
3. Asimilasi
EVOLUSI MAGMA
1. Diferensiasi magma
Fraksinasi kristalisasi (gravity settling, filter pressing)
Liquid immiscibility
2. Magma mixing
3. Asimilasi
1
Fractional crystallization in the Palisades Sill (200 Ma) on theHudson
River Fm. Fractionation from an initial homogeneous magma resulted
from the settling of early-formed crystals of olivine and then pyroxene
from the residual melt.
2
1. For bulk composition X, liquid cools to liquidus at 1600C
2. Fo begins to crystallize P = 1 atm
3. Liquid composition moves
directly away from Fo
4. Liquid composition reaches cotectic;
Di begins to crystallize with Fo
5. Co-precipitation of Fo + Di causes
liquid composition to move down
cotectic curve
6. Liquid composition
reaches ternary eutectic at
1270C; An begins to
crystallize with Di + Fo
7. Liquid is consumed;
An + Di + Fo cool
below 1270C
3
Gravity settling
Cool point a olivine layer at
base of pluton if first olivine sinks
Next: ol + cpx layer
Finally: ol + cpx + plag
Cumulate texture:
Mutually touching
phenocrysts with
interstitial crystallized
residual melt
22
10
Al2O3 MgO
17
Bivariate 5
(x-y) diagrams
12 0
15
FeO* 10
10
CaO
5
5
0 0
4
6
Harker Diagram Na2O 3
major elements K2O
4
for Crater Lake. 2
From Winter (2001) An
Introduction to Igneous and 2 1
Metamorphic Petrology.
Prentice Hall. 0
0
45 50 55 60 65 70 75 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
SiO2 SiO2
4
Bivariate 300
Ni
(x-y) diagrams
200
100
ppm
0
Note magnitude of trace 300
element changes Zr
200
100
Harker Diagram trace elements
for Crater Lake.
From Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and
Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. 0 40 50 60 70 80
SiO2
wt. %
5
6
Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC),
South Africa
(65,000 km2, max thickness 7 km) Catatan: Luas Bandung: 1,676 km2
http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/geolsci/dlr/301s/bv_field/bv37.jpg
Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC),
South Africa
(65,000 km2, max thickness 7 km)
7
8
EVOLUSI MAGMA
1. Diferensiasi magma
Fraksinasi kristalisasi (gravity settling, filter pressing)
Liquid immiscibility
2. Magma mixing
3. Asimilasi
Liquid Immiscibility
Fo-SiO2 system
9
Some Examples
Late silica-rich immiscible droplets in
Fe-rich tholeiitic basalts
Sulfide-silicate immiscibility (massive
sulfide deposits)
EVOLUSI MAGMA
1. Diferensiasi magma
Fraksinasi kristalisasi (gravity settling, filter pressing)
Liquid immiscibility
2. Magma mixing
3. Asimilasi
10
MAGMA MIXING
11
Comingled basalt-Rhyolite Mt.
McLoughlin, Oregon
12
EVOLUSI MAGMA
1. Diferensiasi magma
Fraksinasi kristalisasi (gravity settling, filter pressing)
Liquid immiscibility
Gaseous transfer
2. Magma mixing
3. Asimilasi
Assimilation
Incorporation of wall rocks
(diffusion, xenoliths)
13
ASIMILASI MAGMA
14
A gabbro xenolith in a granite body. Donner Pass in the high Sierras.
15
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16