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Heinle would like to thank the following consultants and reviewers:
Consultants
Jennifer Runner Alicia Bartol-Thomas

Atwater High School Sarasota County Schools
Atwater, California Sarasota, Florida
Patricia Levine Vivian K. Kahn

Colts Neck High School Halsey Intermediate School 296
Colts Neck, New Jersey New York City Dept. of Education
Brooklyn, New York
Reviewers
Teresa Arvizu Sharolyn Hutton Diana Sefchik

McFarland Unified School District Newcomer School North Plainfield High School
McFarland, California Ontario, California North Plainfield, New Jersey
M. Darn'elle Bragaw Barbara Ishida Malgorzata Stone

Bedichek Middle School Downey High School Franklin High School
Austin, Texas Modesto, California Seattle, Washington
Gary Bechtold Dana Liebowitz Alison Tepper

New Boston Pilot Middle School Palm Beach Central High School Western Middle School
Dorchester, Massachusetts Wellington, Florida Greenwich, Connecticut
Maria Celis Barbara M. Linde Mark Trzasko

Lamar High School YorkTown, Virginia Okeeheelee Middle School
Houston, Texas West Palm Beach, Florida
Andrew Lukov
Linda Contreras School District of Philadelphia Karin VonRiman
Luther Burbank High School Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Abraham Clark High School
Sacramento, California Roselle, NewJersey
Jennifer Olsen
Susannah Courand Chiefess Kamakahelei Middle Deborah Wilkes
T.C. Williams High School School Lee County High School
Alexandria, Virginia Lihue, Hawaii Sanford, North Carolina
Dana Dusbiber Mary Susan Osborn-Iratene Clara Wolfe

Luther Burbank High School Will Rogers Middle School William Allen High School
Sacramento, California Fair Oaks, California Allentown, Pennsylvania
Sara Farley
Wichita High School East
Wichita, Kansas
'

2 Describe Your
'III
Informational
an
survey
informational
Writing
Descriptive Writing:
- Spatial Order:
sentences and proper
Capitalization:
nouns
- Sentences: ,
ij I '

page
t-amlly
13 anu riome
Practice Pages
-
Group Writing
-seniejices
Units 1 & 2 page 25

page 25
3 Explain How to Do Technical Writing: Sequential Order: Punctuation:
Something a recipe poster organize using using end punctuation
page 27 sequence words
4 Write about a Expository Writing: Order of Importance: Sentence Combining:
Holiday or Celebration a celebration poster organize by priority using signal and
page 39 connecting words
Practice Pages Group Writing
Units 3 & 4 page 51
page 51
5 Persuade Your Persuasive Writing: Main Idea and Details: Paragraphs: writing a good
Classmates a persuasive paragraph organize by connecting paragraph
page 53 to main idea
6 Describe a Favorite Descriptive Writing: General to Specific: Spelling:
Place a descriptive paragraph organize by level correcting spelling errors
page 65 of detail

Units 5 & 6 page 77
page 77
7 Write a Message to Writing a Friendly Letter Form: Style:
a Friend Letter or E-mail: a message organize the parts of mailing addresses
page about last weekend a letter
8 Invite People to Writing a Formal Chronological Order: Planning:

an Event Letter: organize by time form, audience, topic,
page 91 a formal invitation purpose
Units 7 & 8 page 103
page 103
9 Tell a Story Personal Narrative: tell a Beginning, middle, and
Style and usage: , [
page 105 story about a trip you took end of a story with
character, setting, plot I niie I raiisiuori worus -
10 Summarize Writing a Summary: Summary Paragraph:
Information read a story and write Summarizing Main points Citi
Styl
en
page 117 a short summary ga
Practice Pages Group Writing uLr

Units 9 & 10 page 129 ces
sag
page 129
lv Table of Contents
mm rmTFT

. classroom words with articles statements with be searching the Internet
' adjectives subject pronouns with keywords
. numbers 1 to 20
' home and family ' simple present tense citing Internet sources
(singular/plural) . have/has
' adjectives prepositions
action verbs ' possessive form
Timed Writing Self-Check
page 26 page 26
foods imperative statements narrowing a keyword

action verbs count and noncount nouns search
. celebration words ' wh- questions and answers expanding a keyword

months and ordinal numbers ' prepositional phrases search
' countries and nationalities adverbs of frequency

page 52 page 52
things in a neighborhood There is / There are finding maps online

sensory adjectives ' quantity adjectives
' the modal should for suggestions
' descriptive adjectives present continuous comparing online

' location phrases ' object pronouns resources
. activities adverbs

78 page 78
' days of the week simple past tense with regular verbs sending an electronic
free-time activities simple past tense with be and have message
' time expressions
' feelings and moods
. event words ' future tense with be going to finding local events
' time expressions ' formal requests and invitations
' comparative adjectives
page 104 page 104
' travel and transportation words Simple past tense of irregular verbs finding specific Information
syn onyms and antonyms for wh- questions with the past tense
adj ectives
Life events review of simple verb tenses finding Reliable Sources
tam ily review of subject-verb agreement
page 130 page 130
Table of Contents V

How to use this book

Discuss
Talk about the pictures.
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es

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Francj.c h l)PI' 111 flL' f.mdy H, Par m

,,d M,g,,I Fr 1c d nDI h2,,, b,,fl,,.
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H, h "jr r namel M'rl' F"nc co fath ry
arL I a comPu r PmF"mm He , k,]2 big ,ffl,.
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e h
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h . m,.2p,,tm,,t. Tfl.,, op,t,,,,, So. In,,, b,d,,,t002, .
lmng room a he". ."d . b hrom M al Mr' Garci

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,mall T are c an d mfor bl. Th Gard mlly
,.ry happ, in b bom
Wft for Onp9.15U""nt

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Z D v Fl Y d H l 15
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Read' Captions
Read a short passage. This models new language you Write captions to describe the pictures. This helps to
can use for your writing. understand how to use new words and sentences.
Voca ba ry
Practice the words you need.
cr.mbl.th. v.lb, ffomth. Page R.mmb '

A '" n
b, l h
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th. `'ht U th. ng ar .hd h . m
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Maria J. F o bn
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Grammar
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F,,,d.o&, I.t.t,.' b.d,,o,to n 0xl
r I Fran.,c room
dn = d
Practice new

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Wri ,matlve or ga t mll th. grammar.
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S Th (90 o) ID bool
M la ry 'm
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F MaTJa are b ud
Ft0l01t0lt (pHys / FI2Y) la L rhDn-
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Th..p,tt,,,,,,, :2 Sop
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Remember! / Glossary Terms \,

Learn language points and ways to improve your Learn more about new words in the glossary on pages
writing. 147-1 48.
Vi To The Student
X
Organization
Practice ways to organize information.
l
a.i
Spatial 0
Nurrb., in. ,.rt.ni., Fr ,p.tI.I *0.1. rh.n lt.Ih...nt.ni"

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_Fxix,iù', b.irsuum ..xx.. 11015 M.rik, bndrxxiii
, M d M G m, n" 1llg rool _ Hn and Mr. Garcl droxiiii, nsxih. Iixxtrxuxi
Z Th kllch1 r bdlm
M,1a m - h ren Jrm 'mr cOtta s sparrmsnn iSP J M room

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Strategies /
Co,rrplet, 5."tence,
Conventions
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your sentences and
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paragraphs clear
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and correct.
Th,y.iiOs,rasy day.
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7 k aria li n to mu`1.
18 .''. b, S W" Bk ` unl, ' ib Your mllv d H01 1
Writing
See a model of a student's
writing. This helps you
understand your goal.
a Family Album
Destriptive Writing
Pa ii Album
D rIt o.v.. d 'nd (nf mn u, ' 'OPI A n d n
b ' f v "k. v ur hol". AnVIl 15551., 50.....SCripts. esritira Mark Hanson
semIs lT Mark Haneon

o n R.ad R..d M.rk.d lPt I,fmlly lflees yea J
O
M Home ar Family
O
Mark Hargon
My V Mark H Tss fi eerr
ala I live is Houston, Texas. father .grke ISIS

restaurant. His name Is Mike. He listens to macic
his My "Cr is very mart

Her name is1150 sa n.eaoheniy Mothers
He'. a etyudpr,0 He's He piays
soccer in . ma "Jma is x
.tuJ
Our lives ins nice house, Our house ha.
five roome. it has a living room, a kltohtrr. iili) l my
a room, and two rooms, TheMrr I.

He 1101 l
My mother is very smart in free time
very big. The kitwhen is nelit to Mng
My bedroom is aoroee from the token l lis Janet
shJ''
My Mmer and I sMart a bedroom. Our bed room is
big. but it is iron Our house is yesy Our house has
oomfortsbie. My family in very happy here, it hasaiMnfl m ,

J ax bsJr O
M' bedroom
ki hdn
My Jm m i sb but in is not
Ud7dPtIM f.mlly.lbu Pa -(l2)
20 .tp bv tp w,ltl". k l U Z n Yul Fm nd HO 2'
(continued on the following page)
To The Student VII

Writing Prompt Step 1: Pre-write
Read the writing prompt. Look at model notes and a graphic organizer.
This tells you what to do. Then you think of ideas and take notes.
STEP) Draft sr,d 0,0,,,

Step 3: Draft
Purpose: Describe Your Family and Hoer, Pr'" LOO".tM.l"fl"t h HOw'.'h'lmPr "An rth .tlo
and Revise
Peerept Checklist HSH h
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think of how to
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improve your
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STEP 2 Olganhae
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, ' l you revise your
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(h l" vl yu ritl
22 .t , .". w tl.. U h 1 D lb. VO r.ml y d m'
Step 2: Organize
You put your ideas in order. This will help the
reader to understand your writing.
Step 4: Edit
Find errors in model sentences and correct them. Then, you edit
your own draft. In Peer Edit, exchange drafts with a partner. Then
make suggestions for improvement.
'7 ' Ed''
Ch0O,. th b 'ubstltut r lh' und.rllnd wd.

h M.k n 'hn
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Step 5: Publish / Techn gy

Make a final draft of your writing. Now you can share it Use a computer to find and format new information.
with your class or your family.
viii To The Student

P-
i
mm
l
informational writing
(CENTRA
Organization
categorize by topic
Writing Conventi
capitalization TUDENT
Vocabulary
classroom words with articles Si9nat
adjectives
Name:
15 p ;:0 Garcia
numbers 1 to 20
Grammar
statements with be
subject pronouns
An mat\o
Tech n ogy
searching the -nternet with
keywords
/////
l//
hr De _////'
m/
!SOO Pddr`" /
l 01 O)

UDit 4 n n0m0t0o"uIE
bUs
1 .
Q Discuss. Find these people, places, and things on page 3.

Write the words under the correct topic.
desk teacher building classroom

board student English class
Feo pie nraces ThThgs
O D Read. Read the information.
Francisco's School
Francisco Garcia is a student. He is fifteen years old.
He is from Los Angeles, California. Mrs. Moore is his Learn new
words. Write
English teacher. Mrs. Moore is a good teacher. She is
them
kind and friendly. Francisco and Mrs. Moore are in the perso
classroom now. They are in an English class. They are dictio
na
nary.
inI your
busy. Francisco is at a desk. Mrs. Moore is not at a desk.
She is at the board. The classroom is not a big room. It
is a small room. It is clean and colorful. The classroom
is in a large building.
0 Write captions Write a sentence for each picture on page 3.

Use sentences from the reading.
CENTRAL Sd
STUDEN+I
Name: Francisco Garcia

Age: 15 years od

2 Step-by-Step Writing Book 1

CAL IF
CENTRAL SCHOOL
STUDENT ID

RN A
r
signature
b.` AI l
Name: Francisco Garcia ,.
Age: 15 years old
1. He is 15 years d. .
3. 4. _
5. 6.
7. _
Unit I Give Information about Yourself 3

: '
O Circle the articles in the sentences. Then complete the

sentences with words from the box. Use information Remember

from the reading on page 2. . A names a person, place, or

thing. Use the a or an before
general, singular nouns. Use the
desk teacher article the before specific nouns.
building classroom
. Use a before consonants.
English class e4 board Francisco is a student.
. Use an before vowels (a, e, I, o, or
They are in an English class.
1. Francisco is student
' Use the before specific nouns.
The classroom is in a large building.
2. Mrs. Moore is a
3. Francisco and Mrs. Moore are in an
4. Francisco and Mrs. Moore are in the

now.
5. Mrs. Moore is at the
6. Francisco is at a
The classroom is in a large -
Remember!
Complete the sentences with the correct adjectives.

Use information from the reading on page 2.
^ vec describe or give
information about '.
Mrs. Moore is a good teacher.
The classroom is not a big room.
go busy large friendly

kind colorful smal clean
Mrs. Moore is a good teaclier.
2. Mrs. Moore is and

2
Francisco and Mrs. Moore are

4
The classroom is a _ room.

.I J
The classroom is _ and

D
The classroom is in a - building.

Write the correct word for each number.
eight five nineteen six three

eighteen four Oe sixteen twelve
eleven fourteen seven ten twenty
fifteen nine seventeen thirteen two
6
1

1
1
e
6
1
1
78
8
J

9
1
4
4
0
2
,>
10. 15.
>Learn more in the Grammar Reference,

'
pages 131-141.
i'WT
l
Affirmative Negative
Francisco is a student. Mrs. Moore is not a student.
Francisco and Mrs. Moore are in English class. Francisco and Mrs. Moore are not in Spanish class.
Contractions
isn't = is not
aren't = are not
r' Write is or are to complete the paragraph.

Francisco Garcia (1) -- 'S-- a student. He (2) - titteen years 01G. i-ie -
from Los Angeles, California. Mrs. Moore (4) - his English teacher. Mrs. Moore
(5) - a good teacher. She (6) - kind and friendly. Francisco and Mrs. Moore
(7) - in the classroom now. They (8) - in an English class. They (9) -
busy. Francisco (10) - at a desk. Mrs. Moore (11) - not at a desk. She
(12) - at the board. The classroom (13) - not a big room. It (14) - a
small room. It (15) - clean and colorful. The classroom (16) - in a large
building.
Unit 1 Give Information about Yourself 5

Name / Nour Subject Pronoun
Francisco is a student. He is a student.
Mrs. Moore is a teacher. She is a teacher.
Francisco and Mrs. Moore are busy. They are busy.
The building is large. It is large.

Contractions
re it
'
y =
e
he's = he is = they are
S
she's = she is is
I The sentences below are incorrect. Write correct negative

and affirmative sentences. Use a contraction and a subject
pronoun in the second sentence.
1 . Francisco is a teacher.
Francisco is not a teacher. He's student.
2. Francisco is nineteen years old.
3. Mrs. Moore is a bad teacher.
4. Francisco and Mrs. Moore are in a Spanish class.
5. Francisco is at the board.
6. Mrs. Moore is at a desk.
7. The classroom is a big room.
8. Francisco and Mrs. Moore are in a small building.

Remember

.: . You can categor information
into t' cs. Look at page 2.
Some information is about .
Categorize by Topic Francisco. Some information is
about Mrs. Moore. Some
Look at the reading on page 2. Write two more sentences information is about the
about each topic in the chart. classroom.
--i
Francisco Mrs. Moore Classroom
Francisco Garcia is student. Mrs. Moore is an En i sh The classroom is not big

teacher. room. _
.
Remember!
Always capitalize:
the first word of every sentence
He is fifteen years old.
Capitalization ' names of people and places
Rewrite the information. Capitalize the correct words. Mrs. Moore is from California.
' languages
They are in English class.
francisco's school
' important words in titles
The title of this book is Step-
francisco garcia is a student. he is fifteen years by-Step Writing.
old. he is from los angeles, california. mrs. moore is
his english teacher. mrs. moore is a good teacher. she
is kind and friendly. francisco and mrs. moore are in
the classroom now. they are in an english class, they
are busy. francisco is at a desk. mrs. moore is not at a
desk. she is at the board. the classroom is not a big
room. it is a small room. it is clean and colorful, the
classroom is in a large building.
Francisco Garcia is a stuc1en1. He is ,
.-.J

Informational Writing
Informational
gives information about a topic.
Information form s, surveys, and reports are
examples of informational writing.
O U Read. Read the journal entry.
My School
Shi-Mei We!
My first name is Shi-Mel. My last name is Wel. My nickname is

Learn new
words. Write
l
them in your
May. / am sixteen years 0/4. ] am from i5rooklyri, New York. ] am personal
dictionary.
student at Everton H h School. My English teacher is Mr.
,
varez. He is kind and funny. My school's address is iei North
Avenue, firook, New York, 11222. My school is l'ig and clean. It is

- , 4l
colorful, too. My school is great!
O Write words. Copy the form on page 9 or make one on a computer.

plete the I nformation
for Sh i-Mei's informational survey.
Use words from her journal entry.

Informational Survey
First Name: (1) _, Shi-Mei
Last Name: (2)
name: (3)
Age: (4) _
City/State: (5)
English Teacher: (6)
Tea(her DeSC ription: (7)
Scho Name: (8)

Scho Address: (9)
Scho Desc ription: (10)

:
Purpose: Give Information about Yourself
WRITING PROMPT
Fil- out your own informational survey. rPrompt Checklist
Give information about yourself, your I read the prompt carefully.
English teacher, and your school. I understood what the prompt
Describe your English teacher and asks me to do.
your scho
STEP I Pre-write
Look at Shi-Mei's information notes. Think about the information you need for your
informational survey. Write notes for your survey.
S hi-Mel's lnformaiion Notes
Name: Shi-Mel LA/el
Nickname: May
English Teacher: Mr. Alvarez
Pescription: kind? funny?
School Address: 5rooklyn. (What street
School Pescr tion: ???
STEP 2 Organize
Look at Shi-Mei's information organizer. Categorize your notes into topics. Copy the chart or
make one on a computer. Complete the organizer with information about you, your teacher,
and your scho
S hi-Mel's Information Organizer
me thy teacher my school
shi-Mel wei M vs rez Everton
76 kind and . 7 North Avenue
5rooklyn, big

STEP 3 Draft and Revise -
D Practice. Look at Shi-Mei's first draft. How can she improve it? Answer the questions.
s hi-MeiS Hrst WafD
forni1iori survey
First Name: . S/-il-Mel V/el

Ls Name: (2)?
Nicknanie: ( ) May -
Age:
-
1. What information in answer
Cily/State: (5) New York -
Ei-iglish Ieacher: (6) Alvarez

Shi-Mei move to answer 2?
-
Ieacher escription: 171g ai-i djean -
School Nanie: (&) Everlot-i High School -
School Aclelress: 76 North Avenue, t5rooklyn, New York 11222 -
School
_
Lescription: (10) kit-il !at-i1 funny
_. . ` '
-f
' J ` ,,l F -,
A Shi-Mei
1 should 3. What two answers should Shi-Mei
BMei exchange?
A 7 and 10
B 8 and 9
OWei C 8 and 10
D May D 9 and 10
2. What information is missing in answer 5? 4. What information in answer 9 is incorrect?

A Wei, A 166
B Everton, B North Avenue
C School, C Brooklyn
D Brooklyn, D New York
D Draft. Write a first draft for your informational

survey. Use your notes from Steps 1 and 2.
rRevision Checklist
My information is correct.
U My information is in the correct
place.
Revise. Read your first draft. How can you improve it? included information about me,
my teacher, and my school.

Look at the revision checklist. Revise your writing.
- described my teacher and my
scho
Unit 1 Give Information about Yourself 1 1

STEP 4 Edit
at the sentences. Choose the best substitute for the underlined words. If
OlPractice. Look
me sentence is correct, choose "Make no change."
1. Mr. Jones is English teacher 4. Pedro and Martin is nice and kind.
A English teacher A Pedro and Martin are
B an English teacher B Pedro and Martin is not
C a teacher English C They is
D Make no change. D Make no change.
2. Jennifer is c 1rful. 5. Mr. lee is from Dallas, texas.

A student A Mr. lee is from Dallas, Texas.
B kind B Mr. Lee is from Dallas, texas.
C teacher C Mr. Lee is from Dallas, Texas.
3. Mrs. Thomas is a good teacher. e is very

nice.
Alt
B She
CHis
D Make no change.
b
Edit. Reread your draft from Step 3. Look at the
me
Editing Checklist
editing checklist. Edit your writing.
my
partner
U
QU partner wh-
Peer Edit. Exchange drafts with a partner. Tell your
partner wnat youUIlk
like about the draft. Look at the
used articles, numbers, and
U
adjectives correctly
editing checklist. Tell your partner how to improve the used simple present tense
draft. with be and subject
pronouns correctly
STEP 5 Publish I used correct spelling,
punctuation, and
capitalization
Rewrite your informational survey in your best handwriting
or on a computer. Look at Shi-Mei's information survey on
page 9 for ideas. Add a photograph or drawing if you
want. Present your informational survey to the class.
I .
Searching with Keywords
Q Do a keyword search. Go to an Internet search engine. Type your complete school name.
Click S . Do any other schools have the same name? Click on a hyperlink for a school.
Write down the school address. Do this for three schools.

'
D
r. . L.. L'J L
. '.'"

hmmn
descriptive writing
Organization
spatial order F
-*`
J r
Writing Strategies
,_
complete sentences

( ,
j
Vocabulary
home and family (singular/plural)
adjectives
action verbs
Grammar

simple present tense
have/has Y
M
prepositions
possessive form
chn gy Th`9
H8
citing Internet sources
vfl
roO
b thrO0r",
Our hO
h
,nr
0 . -.cuss. Complete the information. Compare answers with a partner.
OI hove people in my family. 0 My home has... (write numbers)

Ebedroom(s) Uliving room(s)
0 Their names are bathroom(s) kitchen
E other room(s)
0 My home is... (circle the words)
ellivein (circle the word) big small comfortable
a house an artment
nice clean
0 Read. Read the description.
Francisco's Family
Francisco has four people in his family. His parents' names
are Berta and Miguel. Francisco does not have a brother. Learn new

He has a sister. Her name is Maria. Francisco's father is very words. Write
them in your
smart. He is a computer programmer. He works in a big office.
l
personal
Francisco's mother works in a bookstore. She is very kind. dictionary.
i

She reads books in her free time. Francisco and Maria do not
work. They go to Oak Street School. They are good students.
They study every day. After school, Francisco plays baseball.
Maria listens to music.
Francisco and his family live at 145 Oak Street in
Los Angeles, California. They do not live in a house. They
have a nice apartment. Their apartment has three bedrooms, a
living room, a kitchen, and a bathroom. Mr. and Mrs. Garcia's
bedroom is next to the living room. Maria's bedroom is next
to their room. Francisco's bedroom is across from Maria's
bedroom. The bathroom is between Francisco's bedroom
and Maria's bedroom. They aren't big bedrooms. They are
small. They are clean and comfortable. The Garcia family is
very happy in their home.
0 Write captions. Write a sentence for each picture on

use sentences T rom tne reaaing.
15.

1. Sc H as ur his 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
1
`
-r _ ` I
- 1'
---
L - - n
7. -

!-r The
Los 145
Angeles
Garcia
Oak Family
Street
CA 90802
f
8.
Kitchen
Francisco's
bedroom
yin5 room
Mr. and Mrs

Maria's
Garcia's bedroom
bedroom
9. 1 0.
Unit 2 Describe Your Family and Home 15

'
U- plural nouns from the box.

Complete the sentences. Use the singular and
bedrooms mother living room kitchen father parcnt

bathroom sister house brother apartment
Parents
1. Berta and Miguel are Francisco's
'4-
Remember!
2. Maria is Francisco's Nouns can be ar (one) or
plu' (more than one). To make
most nouns plural, add an s or
3. Francisco is Maria's es after the sing ar noun.

4. Francisco's - is a computer Sing ar Plural
one bedroom two bedrooms
programmer. one class three classes
5. His works in a bookstore.
6. The Garcia family lives in an -.
7. They do not live in a
8. Their apartment has three
9. It also has a living room, a -, and a bathroom.

10. Francisco's parents' bedroom is next to the -.
11.The _ is between Francisco's room Remember!
and Maria's room. Adj -tives are sometimes after
the verb be.
Mr. Garcia is smart.
These
Adjectives are sometimes
sentences are incorrect. Rewrite the sentences. before a noun.
Use the correct adjectives from page 14. They aren't big bedrooms.
7
1. Mr. Garcia is silly. Mr. Garcia is smart.

2. Mr. Garcia works in a small office.
3. Mrs. Garcia is very mean.

4. Francisco and Maria are bad students.
5. The apartment has big bedrooms.
6. The apartment is dirty.

7. The Garcias are sad.

Remember
Unscramble the verbs from the reading on page 14.
A verl is an action w
Ac[ tellwh
1. veli live
someone or somethin
2. kwro He works in a big c
3. dare
4. og
5. yalp
6. siltne
7. sytdu

2 ' '
pages 131-141.
(1 it'(3-ITATi nl
most verbs Francisco lives on Oak Street. He does not live on Elm Street.
Mr. and Mrs. Garcia live They do not live in a house.
in an apartment.
have and has

Francisco has a small bedroom. He does not have a big bedroom.
Mr. and Mrs. Garcia have a They do not have a dirty bedroom.
R ' ..p
dean bedroom.
Contractions
doesn't = does not
don't = do not
OI Write affirmative or negative statements. Use the correct form of the verb.
1. Francisco (has / have) four people in his family. Francisco has four people in his family.
2. Francisco (doesn't have / don't have a brother.
3. Mrs. Garcia (reads / read) books in her free time.

4. Francisco and Maria (doesn't work / don't work) .
5. They (goes / go) to school.
6. They (studies / study) every day.
7. Francisco (plays / play) baseball after school.

8. Maria (listens / listen) to music after school.
9. Francisco and Maria (doesn't live / don't live
at 115 Oak Street in Los Angeles, California.
10. They (has / have) six rooms in their apartment.

Francisco's
Kitchen
bedroom
The bedroom is next to the kitchen.

The kitchen is across from their bedroom. Bath room
The bathroom is between his bedroom and her bedroom. ving room
Mr. and Mrs

Maria's
Garcia's bedroom
bedroom
0. Complete the sentences. You may use prepositions more than once.
1. Mr. and Mrs. Garcia's bedroom is next to

the living room.
2. The kitchen is their bedroom.
3. Maria's bedroom is - her parents' bedroom.

4. Francisco's bedroom is Maria's bedroom.
5. The bathroom is Francisco's bedroom and Maria's bedroom.
Z.)$[jj 'L1 a'ii '
Noun + 'S Possessive Adjectives

Francisco's bedroom is across from Maria's bedroom. His bedroom is across from her bedroo
Mr. and Mrs. Garcia's bedroom is next to the living room. Their bedroom is next to the living roo
, 8
Rewrite the sentences. Change the possessive form.

1. Mr Garcia s office is very big.
His office is very big.
2. Mrs. Garcia's' job is in a bookstore.
3. The school is close to Francisco and Maria's apartment.
4. Their bedroom is next to the living room.
5. His bedroom is next to the kitchen.
6. His bedroom is across from her bedroom.

Remember!
: You can use sp to
describe a place. Spatial order
gives information by locat ion
Spatial Order or space. Look at page 14. The
writer describes Mr. and Mrs
Number the sentences in spatial order. Then write the sentences Garcia's room first. Then the
in the correct order. writer describes the rooms
near their room. This helps th'
reader to "see" the apartment
Group 1
- Maria's bedroom is next to her parents' room.
.-1, The Garcia family's apartment has a large living room.
Francisco's bedroom is across from Maria's bedroom.
- Mr. and Mrs. Garcia's bedroom is next to the living room.
1. The Garcia family's aparvment S

,
Group 2
- The kitchen is across from his parents' room.
- His parents' room is between Maria's bedroom and the living room.
Francisco's bedroom is small.
His bedroom is next to the kitchen.
Remem be
J l A complete entenc
subject and a verb. 1
tells who or what th
is about. The verb F
Complete Sentences
action of the subject
137 for more about

L! sco and fami1 at 145 Oak Street.

SUBJECT VERB
Rewrite the sentences. the subject and underline the verb in each sentence.
1. Mr. Garcia works in a big office.
2. Francisco's mother works in a bookstore.
3. She reads books in her free time.
4. Francisco and Maria go to Oak Street School.

5. They study every day.
6. Francisco plays baseball.

7. Maria listens to music.

Descriptive Writing
Descriptive wri . (g gives details and information about a topic. A narrative description

describes a part of your life, like your home or family. Stories often use descriptive writing.
O U: Read. Read Mark's description of his family.

My Homend Fam'
Learn new
words. Write
them in your
personal
/_______MHnson____
My name is Mark Hanson. i'rri fifteen yearsl ,
J
dictionary.
old. / live it-i Houston, Texas. My father works it-i

restaurant. His nat-ne is Mike. He listens to music

11 free time. Mv mother very smart.
nat-ne is 3anel. t'ne S ieacner. iviy iroiner '
LiJALJ1 E' iuinyLJ*p!ays

111 soccer in his free time. H_
/IL-!I--Our
afive
b'ath
root-i-is.
friiily
room,lives
Itand
hastwo
Tha
a living
b'ed
nicerooms.
room,
house.
aThe
kitchen,
Our living
house
room
has
is
- very L7ig. The kitche s next to the living root-n.
My &edroom is across from the kitchen.
, My l7rot her and I share L7ec1 room. Our l7ea'roori-i is
11-Lt7ig,
-
cot-i-i fortable.
t'ut it is ly
n! is
Our
very
house
happy
is very
here.
-
0a Write words and phrases. Complete the information for Mark's family album on page 21.
Use words and phrases from his description.
l
A Family Album
My Farriily ÎL7urri
Mark Hatisoii
My t-iame is
l't-ii fifteeri yea
(live in l (2)
is is my en
H
d
H (5)
it-ia res aura f-it.

name is Mike
H

(4)
it-i i-ifs ee time.
MyL2
nat-ne is Alex.
He'sas u1en
nny.
He l 4 _
My mother is very smart. u-i his free time.

(5) is Jat-let.
She's (6)_
Our house has root-i-is.
it 5 living room, kitc , room,

atia' two Lecl rooms.
My pm
kitc hen.
My j7ea' room is l7ig, t it is not

. :
Purpose: Describe Your Family and Home
WRITING PROMPT
Make a family album. Describe yourself,
rPrompt Checklist
U - read the prompt carefully.
your family, and your home. Write two U - understood what the prompt
or more sentences about each. Include asks me to do.
STEP I Pre-write
Look at Mark's web organizers. Think about the information you need for your family album.
Make web organizers about your home and family:
Housor Mark ays soccer

sma
n1e
D brolke Unn

Uq\edroom -
ne t ,// roomS
Mark's Web Organizers
STEP 2 Organize
Look at Mark's sentence organizer. Organize your notes into sentences. Write sentences about
you, your family, and your home.
Mark's Sentence Organizer
lop/c 5entences
My name is Mark Hanson. I am .
my fa er He works in restaurant. 5 name is .

my mother My mother is very smart. My mot r's name is
my L'rot her He plays soccer in free time. He is
my home Our house has five rooms. My beelroom is

STEP 3 Draft and Revise
OPractice. Look at Mark's first draft. How can he improve it? Answer the questions.
Mark'5 Fir t Draft
7 (1) My name is Mark Hanson. (2) I'm fifteen years old. I live in Houston, 7exas.
my er: He works in restaurant. His name is Mike.

He listens to music in his free time.
my mo er: (7) My mother is very smart. My mother's name is Janet.

My mother is teacher.
my bro er: (10)! have hrother. (11) His name is Alex. (12) He's student. He's funny.
He plays soccer in his free time.

my home: Our house has five rooms. (1) My &edroom is across from the kitchen.
1. What sentence should Mark add 3. What is the best way to combine sentences
before sentence 4? 10 and 11?
This is my father. A My brother has a name.
B This is Mark. B My name is Alex.
C He lives in Houston, Texas. C My brother's name is Alex.
D My father's name is Mike. D This is Alex.
2. What is another way to write 4. Where can Mark add this sentence?
sentence 8? It has a living room, a kitchen, a
A Her mother's name is Janet. bathroom, and two bedrooms.
B Janet is her mother's name. A after Sentence 14
C My name is Janet. B after Sentence 15
D Her name is. Janet. C after Sentenc 6
D It doesn't fit.
O
Draft. Write a first draft for your family album. E! Revision Checklist

Use your notes from Steps 1 and 2. U I described myself, my family, and
my home.
lI
U I wrote two or more sentences

Re vise. Read your first draft. How can you improve about myself.
it? Look at the revision checklist. Revise your writing. U - wrote two or more sentences
about each person in my family.
I wrote two or more sentences
1
about my home.


STEP 4 Edit
O Practice. Look at the sentences. Choose the best substitute for the underlined words. If
the sentence is correct, choose "Make no change."
1 Mary's sister is really mean. I like her a lot! 4. Maria's bedroom is next to Mark's
A uncomfortable bedroom.
B sad A Their bedroom is next to his bedroom.
nice B His bedroom is next to their bedroom.
D Make no change. C Her bedroom is next to his bedroom.
2. The bedroom is across from the kitchen. D Make no change.
A across to 5. My father in a music store.
B between A My works in a music store.
C next from B My father next to a music store.
D Make no change. C My father works in a music store.
D Make no change.
3. Paul andJohn to Central High School.
Ago
g
B does
,
C doesn t go

D Make no change.

Q
editing checklist. Edit your writing.
Peer Edit. Exchange drafts with a partner. Tell your Editing Checklist
my ]
partner what you like about the draft. Look at the
me partner
11
editing checklist. Tell your partner how to
improve the draft.
U used family words and

U U used correct verb tenses,

STEP 5 Publish prepositions, and possessive
i`
forms
Make your family album. Write it in your notebook U used complete sentences

U U used correct spelling,

or on a computer. Look at Mark's album on page 21 for
ideas. Remember to include a title and your photos or punctuation, and
capitalization
drawings. Present your family album to the class.
I . . WEB PAGE TITLE WEB SITE NAME PUBLICATION DATE
Citing Internet Sources Social Security Administration.
ate Internet sources

Include the following: U RL ACCESS DATE
0 Go to an Internet search engine. Type "Heinle's Newbury House Dictionary." Click SEAT 14.
Click on the hyperlink for "Heinle's Newbury House Dictionary of American English7To Ok UP
the word family. Write the definitions in your personal dictionary. Cite the Internet source.

:{ I.I:
Work together to write sentences about Melinda or Greg.

1. Choose Melinda or Greg. 4. Your teacher writes sentences.
2. Read the person's information. 5. Revise and edit the sentences with the cI
3. Tell your teacher about the person. 6. Copy the sentences.

First Name: Melinda
Last Name: Peterson
Nickname: Mel
Age: 14
City/State: Miami, Florida
English Teacher: Mrs. Lee
Teacher Description: Nice and friendly
School Name: South High School
School Address: 1624 8th Avenue Northeast, Miami Florida
School Description: Big and colorful
s Greg
m
m

a\ \yIWest
years7k0
m
icug 0,.\ino

e m

dent -n my
er's name is W( ianri.

e 1s a cicke s freime,
M'mo arne 1 s ren,
ksln an ice,
Our house s vivrn room, c'nen,

Living room
a bamroonl, a rid iwo bedrooms,
y bedroom i next o vy pcxrek& roovr
My
bedroom
My porento
bedroom m room across from, my roo
y bedroom 's very COOL IT very co'oru
Ke mly nome G
Practice Pages Units 1 & 2 25

. .
(1)
Choose one writing task. Complete the task in 45 minutes.
OTest Tip
WRITING PROMPT I Dont rush! Always read the
writing prompt carefully.
What are you like? Write about yourself,
your school, and your family. Write three or
Underline important
words. This helps you
more sentences about each topic. understand the prompt better.

WRITING PROMPT 2
A "dream home" is the perfect home for
you. Draw a picture of your dream home.
Give an address. Describe your dream home.
Label the rooms. Tell where the rooms are
located.
Think about your writing skills. Check (7) the answers that are true.
U
1. I understand. ... I can. . .

U
classroom words. write complete sentences.

home, and family words. find the subject and verb in a sentence.
2. I can correctly use... 6. 1 can organize my writing by...

U articles. topic.

U singular and plural nouns. location or space.

U adjectives. 7. I can write to...
U action verbs.
inform a reader.
I can correctly use. describe.
U the simple present tense.
subject pronouns.
prepositions.
the possessive form.
4. I remember to capitalize...
U the first word in a sentence.
U the names of people and places.
U languages.
U important words in titles.

LU]
Wr 'ng
technical writing
Organization
sequential order with
4tSS
sequence words 8L
Writing Conventions
end punctuation
Vocab a ry
foods
action verbs
Grammar
imperative statements
count and noncount nouns
TechnoL jy
narrowing a keyword search
Pu the toniVO in;

onioti in the 120w!'
O U Discuss. Answer the questions. Compare answers with a partner.
n What fruit do you like? Check (./) the items or add your own.
apples bananas oranges other:-__F

U What vegetables do you like? Check (' the items or add your own.
tomatoes lettuce onions other: _ _
n Do you eat...?
meat chicken fish other:-
O Do you have a supermarket near your home?
yes

0 Read. Read the passage about the Garcia family.

Grocery Shopping
The Garcia family goes grocery shopping every Saturday. They
go to Al's Supermarket. It is near their apartment. It is very Learn new
words. Write
convenient. Francisco and Maria often go grocery shopping with them in your
their parents. First, the family walks into the supermarket. Then, personal
dictionary.
Francisco gets a shopping cart. Next, Mrs. Garcia reads the
shopping list. She tells Maria, "Buy two tomatoes." She tells Mr.
Garcia, "Get six onions. Don't forget the bread." After that, Mr.
Garcia and Maria get the groceries. The shopping list is very long!
The Garcia family needs a lot of things. They buy vegetables, fruit,
meat, eggs, and cheese. They don't buy junk food. The Garcia
family likes healthy food. Mrs. Garcia is a great cook. Next, Mrs.
Garcia pays for the groceries and the Garcia family goes home.
Then, Maria and Francisco carry the groceries into the apartment.
There are many bags. Mr. and Mrs. Garcia put away the groceries.
Finally, the Garcia family relaxes and eats lunch!
0 U Write captions. Write a sentence for each picture on page 29.


MA -N
AVENUE
-Garcias
Apt.
1. mi iy 2. 3.
shopping every Saturday.
4. 5. . _ 6.
7. 8. _ 9. _
10. 11 ,
Unit 3 Explain How to Do Something 29

: .
Write the correct food next to each number.
oranges lettuce meat chicken

onions bananas eggs bread
tote fish cheese
apples
2
'

9
tomatoes
411
0
6
7

1
8
2
4
D Complete the sentences with action verbs from the box. Use the correct form of the simple
present tense.
like
buy pay get relax
walk tell carry put eat
1. The Garcia family grocery shopping every Saturday.
2. First, the family - into the supermarket.
3. Francisco - a shopping cart.
4. Mrs. Garcia - Maria, "Buy two tomatoes."
5. They - vegetables, fruit, and cheese.
6. The Garcia family - healthy food.
7. Mrs. Garcia - for the groceries.
8. Maria and Francisco - the groceries into the apartment.
9. Mr. and Mrs. Garcia - away the groceries.
10. Finally, the Garcia family
11. Then they - lunch.
30 Step-by-Step Writing Book

JrA
pages 131-141.
IEl4 '7
Simple Present Imperative (Affirmative) Imperative (Negative)
You get six onions. Get six onions. Don't get six onions.
You go to the supermarket. Go to the supermarket. Don't go to the supermarket.
D Write the words in the correct order to make imperative sentences.
1. to / the / go / supermarket mL
2. a / cart / shopping / get
3. and / buy / eggs / fruit
4. home / go -
5. the / groceries / carry
6. groceries / the / away / put
U Change the sentences in Exercise A to the negative imperative form.
1. Don't go to erma rket.

I
12.
Count Nouns
Sing ar
a banana
an orange
the egg
Count nouns are singular or plural.
Count
1. Buy Iwo tomatoes.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. 9.

0.
1.
Plural
in'iI
three bananas
five oranges
the eggs

i I' [T it'i', Iii n7n
Noncount Nouns
No Specific Amount
some bread
some meat
some lettuce
Noncount nouns don't have plural forms.
Write the foods from Vocabulary Exercise A on page 30 in the correct column.
tomatoes
Noncount
Write a sentence for each food. Use the imperative form of buy. Remember to use an
article, a number, or some.
Remembe
: Sequential nrdnr tells the order of events.
Use sequer rds to show sequential
order. Put them at the beginning of a
Sequential Order with Sequence Words sentence. Add a comma after the word.
Number the sentences in sequential order. Then First, . . . Next, . . . Then, . .

write the sentences in the correct order. After that, . . Finally, . .
Group 1
- Next, Mrs. Garcia reads the shopping list.
First, the Garcias go to the supermarket.
- After that, Maria and Mr. Garcia go get the groceries.
- Then, Francisco gets a shopping cart.
Group 2
- Finally, the family relaxes and has lunch.
- Next, Mr. and Mrs. Garcia put away the groceries in the kitchen.
- Mrs. Garcia pays for the groceries and the Garcia family goes home.
- Then, Maria and Francisco carry the groceries into the apartment.
.
End Punctuation
Write the sentences. Add the correct end punctuation mark.

r
Z
statement) The Garcia family goes grocery shopping every Saturday

Z
r`
question) Do they go to Al's Supermarket

t
j
question) Is it near their apartment

l
4
strong statement) The shopping Remember!

-..
list is very long Sentences always finish with an punctuation mark.

Use a period (.) for most statements. It is very convenient.
5. (statement) Mrs. Garcia is a
Is it convenient?
.
Use a question 3rk (7) for questions.

great cook Use an exd rn i ooint (D
Finally, they relax!
J
6. (strong statement) Finally, the to make a statement stronger.

family relaxes and eats lunch
1. The GrcLa family aoes arQcer'v sho iria ever'.' saturclav.
2.

Technical Writing
Technical writing 0 ften gives instructions. It sometimes explains how to do a procedure.

Recipes and direct ions are examples of technical writing.
O O Read. Read Lisha's recipe for making chicken salad.
Learn new
words. Write
them in
personal
d ict ionary
Ingredients:
cooked chicken 1 tomato mayonnaise
1 onion lettuce salt and pepper
Directions:
First, buy the ingredients. Ask an adult to help. Next, cut the
chicken into small pieces. Put the chicken in a bowl. Then,
add the mayonnaise. After that, cut the tomato and the onion
into small pieces. Put the tomato and onion in the bowl. Next,
add some salt and pepper. Finally, put the lettuce on a plate.
Put the chicken salad on the lettuce. Then eat and enjoy!
0 recipe
words and sentences. Complete the information for Lisha's
Write poster on page 35. Use words and sentences from Lisha's recipe.

A Recipe Poster
How to Make Ckiickeri S

Lisha Mariiti
nrst, /7uy some cookeI

some mayoiit-iaise, some
o e omao, o e _ a
some 8 pepper.
. F'
Ask o help.
F7-l Fiiially, pul the

he tornalo Uuce on pte.
ot-iiot-i fri the bowl.

:
Prompt Checklist
- read the prompt carefully.
Purpose: Explain How to Do Something
- understood what the prompt
asks me to do.
WRITING PROMPT
Make a recipe poster. List your ingredients.
Divide your recipe into steps. Give
instructions for each step. Use sequence
words. Include pictures of your instructions.
STEP I Pre-write
Look at Lisha's notes. Think about the information you need for your recipe poster. Write notes.
Li ha' Note9
pIs

r'eciPe name Chicken Salaa'
ingre 5 coo keI cken, mayonnaise, ...

instructions I7uy ingre4ients, cul cken, aa'cl mayo...
STEP 2 Organize
Look at Lisha's organizer. Categorize your notes into steps. Copy the chart or make one on a

computer. Add steps if you need to. Complete the organizer with instructions for your recipe.
Lisha's Organ izer

.nHR
Buy the Cut the

ingredients. chicken into...

U Practice. Look at Lisha's first draft. How can she improve it? Answer the questions.
Lisha'5 First Praft
Step 7: n'rst, 17 the ingrejient;s.
Step 2: Next;, cut; the chicken into small pieces.
Step S: M the mayonnaise.
Step 4: A er that, cut; the tomato and the onion into small pieces. t; the
tomato and onion in the 17owl.
Step s: Next, put; some salt; and pepper.
Step e: Finally, put; the lettuce onplate. Fut; the chicken salad on t;h
1
----11---
1 What is the best way to add details to Step 1? What sequence word can Lisha add to
A First, buy some ingredients. Step 3?
B First, buy an ingredient. A First,
C First, buy some chicken, some B Then,
mayonnaise, some lettuce, some tomato, C Finally,
some onion, and some salt and pepper. D After,
4
First, buy some chicken, some 4: What is the best way to improve Step 5?
mayonnaise, some lettuce, one tomato, A Change put to cut.
one onion, and some salt and pepper. B Change put to buy.
2. Where can Lisha add this instruction? C Change put to add.
D Change put to eat.
A after Step 1
B after Step 2
C after Step 3
D It doesn't fit.
-

l
Draft. Write a first draft for your recipe poster. Use V Revision Checklist

your notes from Steps 1 and 2.

U I listed my ingredients.
I divided my recipe into steps.
R
e '.
U I gave clear instructions for

vise. Read your first draft. How can you improve each step.
it
Look at the revision checklist. Revise your writing. U I used sequence words correctly.

STEP 4 Edit
U Practice. Look at the sentences. Choose the best word or phrase to complete each sentence.
1. Buy six
A
4. Does Marta go shopping on -
some tomato A Saturdays.
B
tomatos B Saturdays!

some tomatoes
c
C Saturdays?
tomatoes D Saturdays,
2. Cut an apple. Put - apple 5. Get bread at the store.
in a bowl.
A many
A an B six
B the C some
Ca Da
D some
3. Don't lettuce. We have a lot.

A
carry
BC
add
U
C
t
y
b
D
Ol checklist.
Edit. Reread your draft from Step 3. Look at the editing
Edit your writing.
rEditing Checklist
my
me partner
Q Peer Edit. Exchange drafts with a partner. Tell your
U U used imperatives correctly
U U used count and noncount
nouns correctly
editing checklist. Tell your partner how to improve
the draft. J Li used correct spelling,
punctuation, and
capitalization
STEP 5 Publish
Make your recipe poster. Write in your best handwriting or design it on a computer. Look at
Lisha's poster on page 35 for ideas. Remember to include a title, your name, and pictures of
your instructions. Present your poster to the class.
I .
Narrowing a Keyword Search
Hits are the Web sites you fi nd in a search. Do a keyword search for chicken salad. How many
hits did you get? Write down the number of hits. Do a keywo search for "chicken salad." Use
quotatit marks (" "). Look at the difference between the numbers. Quotation marks find an
exact phrase.
"/

Do a keyword search for "recipe ingredients" and a favorite food. Click on a hyperlink to find a

8
recipe. Write down the ingredients. Cite the Internet source.

3
Step-by-Step Writing Book 1

'.] : I
Writing
expository writing
Organization
order of importance
Writing Strategies
sentence combining with
signal and connecting words
ca b a ry
celebration words
months and ordinal numbers
countries and nationalities
vi mar
wh- questions and answers -
prepositional phrases
adverbs of frequency
i1
Tech nogy
expanding a keyword search
`l,`l
O
0 .11 with the

Discuss. Ask and answer the questions with a partner. Share your partner's answers
class.
1. What's your favorite holiday or celebration? U my birthday U New Year's Eve

U Thanksgiving U other:
2
When is the celebration?

1

Where do you celebrate? U at home U at a restaurant U at a parade

U other:
4. How do you celebrate? I sing. U I dance. I eat special foods.

U I wear special clothes. U other: - Learn new
words. Write
5. Who celebrates with you? U family U friends U other: -
inem in your
personal
6. Why do you like this holiday or celebration? _
dictionary.
4j 1 Read. Read the passage about favorite celebrations.

Let's Celebrate!
Today is Francisco's favorite celebration. It's December 3. It's
Francisco's birthday. He is 16 years old today. Francisco's family never
forgets his birthday. They always have a birthday party at their apartment.
Francisco's friends and family usually come to the party. They play games
and eat birthday cake. Francisco usually gets a lot of nice presents, too. He
likes his birthday because it's fun.
Maria's favorite holiday is New Year's Eve. New Year's Eve is on
December 31. It is the last night before the new year. Maria usually
celebrates New Year's Eve at home. Maria's family often celebrates New
Year's Eve with her. On New Year's Eve, Maria yells "Happy New Year!" at
midnight. Maria thinks New Year's Eve is exciting.
Mr. and Mrs. Garcia like Cinco de Mayo. Mr. Garcia is Mexican. He's from
Puebla, Mexico. Cinco de Mayo is a traditional holiday in Puebla, but it's very
popular in the U.S. as well. Cinco de Mayo is on May 5. The Garcia family
often goes to the Cinco de Mayo parade in Los Angeles. At the parade, people
usually sing or dance. People sometimes wear special green, red, and white
clothes, too. Mr. and Mrs. Garcia like Cinco de Mayo because it's enjoyable.
0 i Use sentences from the reading.

Write captions. Write a sentence for each picture on page 41.

1. It's December 3. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7.
9. 1C
Unit 4 Write about a Holiday or Celebration 41

:
Complete the sentences with words from the box.

Use each word only once.
popular tf party celebrates dance

presents special traditional holiday parade
.
1 2
'
Francisco's birthda is December 3.

Francisco's family always has a for his birthday.

4 rll
Francisco usually gets a lot of nice for his birthday.

'
.
Maria's favorite _ is New Year's Eve.

6 7
Maria New Year's Eve at home.

.
.
Cinco de Mayo is a - celebration in Puebla, Mexico.

8
It is very - in the U.S., too. People really like it.

The Garcia family oftenngoes to the Cinco de Mayo - in Los Angeles.
9. At the parade, people usually sing or
10. People sometimes wear red,
green, and white clothes.
Write the months in order.

November Apri June March February
May July December August September October
7
Jariuar
8
9
0
1
1

2
.

Remem be
B Complete the chart with the correct country
!"
Capitalize months, holidays,
or nationality. countries, and nationalities. Do
not capitalize prepositions.
y
Nationality /
Mr. Garcia is from Mexico.
- Co Adjective Form He is Mexican.
I L J
Mexico Mexican l Cinco de Mayo is a holiday.
American - is on May 5.
the United Kingdom (U.K.) British i

Haiti
Cuban
- Chinese
IVietnam
- Indian
; Korea
Brazilian
-

Jr
pages 131-141,
Wh- Questions Complete Answers

Who celebrates Francisco's birthday with him? Francisco's family celebrates his birthday with him.
What is Mr. Garcia's favorite holiday? Mr. Garcia's favorite holiday is Cinco de Mayo.
When is Francisco's birthday? Francisco's birthday is on December 3.
Where is Mr. Garcia from? Mr. Garcia is from Puebla, Mexico.
Why does Maria like New Year's Eve? Maria thinks New Year's Eve is exciting.
How does the Garcia family celebrate The Garcia family has a birthday party to celebrate
Francisco's birthday?
~
Francisco's birthday.

' 4,` m
Complete the wh- questions. Then write complete answers. Use the information
in parent heses.
Where
1, q'. is Francisco's birthday party?
A: (at his apartment arty is at his apartment.
2. q*. - is Cinco de May o?

A: (May 5)
3. q: celebrates New Year's Eve with Maria?

A: (Maria's family)
4. q - is Mr. Garcia's favorite holiday?
A: (Cinco de Mayo)
5. q: - does the Garcia family celebrate inco de Mayo?
A: (go to the parade)
6. q'. - does Francisco like his birthday?
A: (it's fun)

SI
Prepositional Phrase Example
Time
on [a day OR date] Maria stays up late on New Year's Eve.

in [a month] New Year's Eve is on December 31.
Francisco's birthday is in December.
Location
in [a place OR country] Cinco de Mayo is very popular in the U.S.

at [a place OR event] Francisco celebrates his birthday at home.
Direction
to [a place] The Garcia family goes to the Cinco de Mayo parade.

,
O Complete the sentences with in, on, at, to.

1. Francisco's birthday is -'- on--- December 3.
2. Francisco's friends usually come - his apartment.
3. Francisco always has fun - his birthday.
4
Maria yells "Happy New Year! " - New Year's Eve.

'IJ
New Year's Eve is _ December.

6
Cinco deMayois a traditional holiday Puebla, Mexico.

7'
Peopiee sing or lance the parade.
a I ways never
-
usually often sometimes
100% ---- > 0%
of the time of the time
,
Complete the sentences. Use the correct adverbs from the reading on page 40.
Francisco's family -- never- forgets his birthday.

2
They - have a birthday party at their apartment.

3.4. 5. 6. 7.
Francisco's friends - come to the party.

Maria _ celebrates New Year's Eve at home.
Maria - celebrates New Year's Eve with her family.

The Garcia family - goes to the Cinco de Mayo parade.
The people - wear special green, red, and white clothes.

:
Order of Importance
Remember!
Use questions to research a topic. Use
complete answers to start writing. Organize
the information in order of importance.
Think about the top and audience. Ask

n- Write complete answers for the wh- questions.
Use sentences from the reading on page 40.
yourself "What is important for the audience
to know first about the topic?"
J'Th- Question Complete Answer -
What is Maria's favorite holiday? 1, Maria's favorite holiday is New Year's Eve.
Who celebrates with her? 2. _ _
Where does she celebrate? 3. -
When is the holiday? 4.

Vhy does she like it? 5. -
How does she celebrate? 6. -
a Write answers for the wh- questions. Use the complete answers from Exercise A. Then
write the best title for the group of sentences.
(Title)
2
(What?) Maria avorite holiday is New Year's Eve.
(When?)
t
(How?)
4
(Why?)
Write the best title for the group of sentences in Exercise B.
Title 1: Maria's Favorite Holiday Title 2: How Maria Celebrates New Year's Eve
Remember!
' J Use ugna w... like too and
as well to add information.
Use connecting words like or, but, and,
Sentence Combining or because to connect ideas or sentences.
f " . V 1
Change each sentence. Use the signal or connecting word in parentheses.

1. (and) Francisco's friends come to his party. Francisco's family comes to his party.
2. (and) They play games. They eat birthday cake.
3. (because) He likes his birthday. It's fun.
4. (as well) Cinco de Mayo is a holiday in Puebla, Mexico and it's popular in the U.S.
5. (or) At the parade, people usually sing. At the parade, people usually dance.
1. Francisco's friends nd nil/v come ps party.
Unit 4 Write about a H iday or Celebration 45

Expository Writing
Expository writing explains, describes, or gives information to an audience. Writers often

research a topic to find information. Magazine articles and informational reports are examples
of expository writing.
O O Read. Read Irene's magazine article about American Independence Day.

Learn new
words. Wri
them in yo

personal
dictionary.
ene Leska
' . r
My favorite holiday is American Independence Day.

American Independence Day celebrates the freedom
of the United States from England. It is a popular
celebration. American Independence Day is always
on July 4. People often call the holiday "the Fourth of
July." Americans usually celebrate Independence
Day with their families. They celebrate with their
friends, too. People often celebrate Independence
Day at the park or the beach. They sometimes relax
at home as well, On Independence Day, people often
have picnics or barbecues. They go to parades, too. I
like Independence Day because I like the fireworks.
They're really cool!
0D Write sentences. Complete the information for Irene's celebration

poster on page 47. Use words and sentences from her magazine article.

A Celebration Poster
* MY FAVORiTE HOLIDAY *
Irene Leska
1 2 3 (;4 1 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
1. American Indenen4ence cele&rates
the freetlorn of the United States cm
Englan

J :
Purpose: Write about a Holiday or Celebration
WRITING PROMPT
Make a celebration poster. Use wh- questions

to research a favorite celebration. Write the
complete answers to make your poster. Incluc
a photograph or drawing for each answer.
STEP I Pre-write
-
Prompt Checklist
I read the prompt carefully.
U I understood what the prompt
asks me to do.

Look at Irene's idea cluster. Copy the idea cluster or make one on a computer. Write the name of
your celebration in the center. Complete the cluster with information about your celebration.
Research any information you don't know.
Irene's Idea Cluster
How?
barbecues What?
or PIcnos celebraIon of
Why? freedom om
reworks! England
Independence
Day
Where? When?
Who?
auly
heach
park
f&nilies
STEP 2 Organize
Look at Irene's organizer. Organize your ideas. Copy the T-chart or make one on a computer.
Complete a T-chart with sentences about your celebration.
Irene's 1-chart
Wh- Questions Complete Answers
How do people celebrate? ople have barbecues or picnics on
What is the celebration? Our Iricleperiolerice Pay is the celebration of

When is the celebration? Independence Pay is on
Who do people celebrate with? Americans celebrate with . . .
Where do they celebrate? F'eople celebrate at the . . .
Why do I like the celebration? - like fireworks . . .

Practice. Look at Irene's like ndepen enc Pa . - 4 \/ 4`. ,J
first
draft. ow can she impr ve it? Answer he q estions. I .L econ t 'i tur J 4Uur Inaepe 1c1e c
rreeao
m or l e Unive 'vates rrom l
E glan hi e! Fictur dependenc Pay is on J ly .[fo rth F cturej 4) A
merica s celebr de endenc Pay ith their families. -[ ifth Pic ure] 5) Peo l
e ofte celebra
e indep nde ce Pay t e park the each. -[sixt Pic u
re] like the fireworks because,
What is important for the audience to 3. Where is the best place to add the adverb

know first about the topic usually to sentence 4?
Sentence 2 A before celebrate
B Sentence 4 B before Independence
C Sentence 5 C before Day
D Sentence 6 D before with
What is the best way to make the 4. What's a better way to rewrite sentence 6?
underlined part of sentence 2 more A I like Independence Day but I like the
specific? fireworks.
A Irene's Independence Day B I like Independence Day because I like
B Their Independence Day the fireworks.
C American Independence Day B I like the fireworks because
D United Independence Day Independence Day.
D I like the fireworks or I like
Independence Day.
Draft. Write a first draft for your

celebration poster. Use your notes from
Revision Checklist
U - explained what the celebration is.
Steps 1 and 2. U - wrote the date of the celebration.
- wrote about who celebrates, where they
celebrate, and how they celebrate.
Revise. Read your first draft. How can you
,,,
I explained why I like the celebration.
',",
improve it? Look at the revision checklist.
Revise your writing.

STEP 4 Edit
U each sentence.
Practice. Look at the sentences. Choose the best word or phrase to complete
C never
1. My mother's birthday is the of May.
A three D sometimes
B thirty
4. My best friend's birthday is
O third April 16.
D thirteen Amn
2. The New Year cel Bat
is very
C on
popular in San Francisco.
A China Dto
B china 5. Mr. Simm's favorite holiday is
C chinese A Independence day
D Chinese B independence day
3. I watch the fireworks on the C Independence Day
Fourth ofJuly. I go every year. D Independence Date
A always
mueU
B don't
a Edit. Reread your draft from Step 3. Look at

the editing checklist. Edit your writing.
Editing Checklist
my
partner
GIU Peer Edit. Exchange drafts with a partner. Tell your

U used dates, countries, and
nationalities correctly
-
U used adverbs of frequency and

U
editing checklist. Tell your partner how to improve prepositions correctly

the draft.
U used correct spelling,
punctuation, and capitalization
STEP 5 Pu ish
Make your celebration poster. Write it in your best handwriting or design it on a computer.
Look at Irene's poster on page 47 for ideas. Remember to include a title, your name, and
pictures of the celebration. Present your poster to the class.
I .
Expanding a Keyword Search
Many countries have an Independence Day. Do a keyword search for the exact phrase
"Independence Day celebration Vietnam" using quotati arks. What happens? You don't get
many Ii, because your search is very narrow. Now search for the exact phrase "Independence
Day celebration." Type the word Vietnam outside of the quotation marks. You get more hits
because this expands the search.
,-
) O
e
7

Find five countries that celebrate an Independence Day. Make a list. Include the date of the
s 5
celebration for each country. Cite your Internet sources.
Step-by-Step Writing Book 1

Work together to complete the information for one of the posters.
1. Look at the poster. 4. Your teacher writes captions.
2. Discuss the pictures. 6. Copy the captions.
3. Tell your teacher about each picture.
V
,,..; 0,,,
-
(3)
iL
-

(5) (6)
Pl
What does the holiday celebrate?

l
January February March
I, 1 l l ' l ` l I I I I 1 I 2 I is - I I 1 II ISIS 141
1"'
JSS
April May June
I 1 I I I ` 1 1II f SiSIS 1513 I I I I I II 2
1 1

July August September
I I In : 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 ' l ' l I l III 2 1
11; l545,75
IS II IS 15 IS IS1
IS 55
December
IS ISIS IS IrNovembers.
I ISOctober 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 4 1 5 1 t l 1 1 15151
1' 1
l
Who celebrates?
F 7
Where do they celebrate?

0
Choose one writing prompt. Complete the writing task in 45 minutes.
OTest Tip
WRITING PROMPT 1 Watch the time!
Total time: 45 minutes
Think about something you can do or
Steps 1 & 2: pre-write, organize
make. Make a poster. Give instructions for 5-10 minutes
each step. Use sequence words. Include Step 3: draft, revise
pictures of your instructions. 20-25 minutes
Steps 4 & 5: edit, publish
10-15 minutes
l
WRITING PROMPT 2
Think about a popular free-time activity.
Make a poster. Use wh- questions to guide

your research and organization. Include
pictures of the topic. Write complete
sentences under the pictures to make your
poster.
:^ F l
Think about your writing skills. Check (V) the answers that are true.
I understand. . . . 4. I can combine sentences. . .
food words. U with signal words.
action verbs. U with connecting words.
U celebration words. 5. I can organize my writing by. .
months and ordinal numbers. U time.
countries and nationalities.
importance.
2. I can correctly use... 6. I can write to. . .
the imperative form.
explain a procedure.
U count and noncount nouns.
U give information about an event.
U wh- questions and answers.
U prepositional phrases.
U adverbs of frequency.
I can correctly use...

U a period.
a question mark.
an exclamation point.

`,
b

('1111 f1iH1l(.
:,] . Y4 4
LII I I
Writing
persuasive writing
Organization

main idea and details

Writing Strategies
writing a good paragraph
vr b
Voca b U a rv
things in a neighborhood
sensory adjectives
Grammar
there is/there are
quantity adjectives
the modal should for suggestions cx `` G,eatl
MuSeU
Technology Ja
finding maps on-mne

ver0 pa&
'

0 0 DiscuSs. Work with a partner to answer the questions. Look at the pictures on page 55 for
Idp c r^,...-... your answers with another pair.
Where's a popular place in your neighborhood? -

2. Who goes there? -
3. What do people do there? -
4. How do people get there? -
5. When is a good time to go there? Why? -
6. Why do people like the place? -
0 Read. Read the passage about Francisco's neighborhood.
My Neighborhood
Francisco Garcia
There are many enjoyable things to do in my neighborhood. Learn new
words. Write
There's a huge, beautiful park near my apartment. There are many
them in your
trees in the park. Some trees are tall, and some trees are short. personal
There are many yellow and red flowers in the park, too. They smell dictionary.
very fragrant. There's a lot of thick, green grass in the park, too.
The air is fresh and clean. You should go to Oak Street Park on a
hot, sunny day.
There is a bright, cheerful mall next to the park. There are
twenty-four stores in the mall. There are some expensive stores. Many
stores are inexpensive. The bookstore sells books and magazines
from around the world. It is usually quiet. The music store sells a lot
of popular CDs. It is often loud. There's a movie theater in the mall,
too. It is usually crowded on weekends. There are a few restaurants in
the mall, as well. Ming's is a great Chinese restaurant. The beef with
vegetables at Ming's is delicious. It tastes very spicy and sweet. You
should try a little Chinese tea. It's very good.
There are many nice people in my neighborhood. Some people
are young, and some people are old. Some people are busy, but some
people are not busy. My neighbors are very friendly and helpful.
They always smile and say hello. You should meet them sometime.
0 Write captions. Write a sentence for each picture on page 55.


1. Th eres a huae. beautifu 3,
park near my apartment.
4. 5.
c. 9.
rr4
10. 11 . 1 2,
Unit 5 Persuade Your Classmates 55

. : .
O Complete the sentences with words from the box.
bookstore neighbors
music store movie theater restaurant
air trees flowers
1
Francisco's rh d
has many fun things to do.
2
Francisco has a very big - near his apartment.

f j 4
The park has many tall and short

The - in the park are yellow and red.
5
In the park, the - is thick and green.

6
The - in the park smells fresh and clean.

7. There are twenty-four stores in the - near Francisco's home.
8. There are books and magazines from around the world in the -.
9. The - has a lot of popular CDs.
10. The is crowded on weekends.
11. Ming's is a Chinese

12. Francisco has friendly and helpful
a What do these sensory adjectives describe in the reading

on page 54? Write the words in the correct columns.
Remember!
Sensory adjectives describe
how things smell, feel, taste,
'
sound, and look. Add a comma

et
yq
(,) or the word and between

t
loud delicious spicy huge beautiful adjectives.

eu
There is a huge, beautiful

red thick green frcsh clean
a
park near my apartment.

OW
ll
short sweet hot fragrant bright The air is fresh and clean, too.
l
ll
How does it. . .

look? sound?
J feel? taste? ? smell?

fres

Rewrite the sentences. Replace the underlined words and phrases with synonyms.
Remember!
Synonyms have the same (or
huge beautiful delicious
close to the same) meaning.
fragrant friendly Use synonyms to make your
writing more interesting. Use a
thesaurus to find synonyms.
near = close to, by
1. There are many things to do in my neighborhood. very good = great, excellent
There are many enjoyable thjnas to do in my nejahborhood
2. There's a really big park in my neighborhood. --

3. The flowers are very sweet-smelling. -
4. My room is red and yellow. It's really 1 rful. -
5. Mr. Chang is a e man. -
6. My sister is -
7. This salad is very god. -

'J 1' pages 131-141.
(ii itI IlI'ATR k 'Wl

Singular There is a mall next to the park. There is no mall across from the park.
There isn't a mall across from the park.
Plural There are stores in the mall. There are no stores in the park.
There aren't any stores in the park.
Noncount There is grass in the park. There is no grass in the mall.
Nouns
l

There isn't any grass in the mall.

Contractions
There's not = S nr) = "rL ___ .
D Write five sentences from the reading on page 54 that use there is, there's, or there are.
1 2
There able thinas to do in hborhood.

1 J
4
rfJ
These statements are incorrect. Write negative statements. Then add correct information.
n 2 4
ere are no restaurants in the par There

There are restaurants in the park. are. ./

There is an ugly mall next to the park. -
There are twenty-five stores in the mall. -
There is an unpopular movie theater in Francisco's neighborhood. -

Plural count nouns There are many trees in the park.
There are a lot of children.
There are nineteen magazines.
Put quantity adjectives before

nouns or other adjectives.
Rewrite the sentences. Add quantity adjectives from the reading on page 54.
able thin
1 There are enjoyable things in Francisco's neighborhood.
Francisco's neiahborhood.
2. There are trees in the park.-

3. There's also thick, green grass. -
4. There are stores in the mall.
5. Stores are inexpensive. -

6. There are restaurants in the mall as well.
7. People in Francisco's neighborhood are busy. -
rtIi it.FEm4 [] il-i

You should visit Francisco's neighborhood. You shouldn't miss it.
Francisco should be quiet in the bookstore. He shouldn't talk to Maria.
Francisco and Maria should go to the movies on They shouldn't go to the movies on
Wednesdays. It's not crowded.
- -.
weekends. It's very crowded.
a Add should or shouldn't to the sentences to make suggestions.

1 . Ze ould visit Francisco's neighborhood.
2. You go to the park on a hot, sunny day.
3. They - be loud in the bookstore.
4. You - taste the beef with vegetables at Ming's.
5. People - smile and say hello to their neighbors.
6. You - be mean to your neighbors.

: Remember!
A paragraph is a group of
sentences about a topic. The
Main Idea and Details topic sentence gives the main
idea of the paragraph.
Look at the reading on page 54. Complete the chart. Write the Supporting sentences give
details or more information
topic sentence and two more supporting sentences for each
about the topic.
paragraph.
Topic Sentence Supporting Sentences -
There are many enjoyable things There's huge, beautiful park near my_c!partment.
to do in my neighborhood. There are many trees in the park.
There are twenty-four stores in the mall.
Some people are young, and some people are old.
'MA
Remember!
Writing a Good Paragraph
The first line of a paragraph is
This paragraph is incorrect. Study the Remember box. Rewrite always indented. The topic
sentence of a paragraph is
the paragraph correctly. Indent the first line. Put the topic usually at the beginning.
sentence at the beginning. Delete one sentence that does not Paragraphs usually have three
connect to the topic sentence. or more sentences. All the
sentences in a good paragraph
connect to the topic sentence.
My s00/ b reat
ere are many i-lice, big classrooms. It is cleat-i anel bright.
stu Eu sFi it-i t;he park. / like my school a lot;. It;'s gooel p/ace
to stu t;eachers are very friet-telly at-ic! helpful.

Persuasive Writing
n
Persuasive writing tries to make an audience agree with the writer's opinion. a persuasive
g
paragraph, the topic ntence usually gives the opinion. Supporting sentenc& ive facts or
reasons to support the opinion. People often use persuasive writing in letters to the editor
and Internet discussion boards.
O O Read. Read the class suggestions for their field trip.
@O http://www.eato n sc h 001 news.ed

Eaton Scho News
What should we do on our field trip?

Learn new
The Eaton Scho Weekly Survey
words. Write
Mrs. Khatibi: Hi, class! It's time to go out and them in your
have some fun. We can learn outside of the personal
dictionary.
classroom, too. I need ideas for our field trip
next month. This week's survey question is: , *_ I
We should visit the Arlington Museum. The building is very old

and beautiful. There is a huge dinosaur exhibit at the museum right
now. The people at the museum are always nice and helpful. Some
people think the museum is boring, but it's really interesting.
posted by. Jake Bye. April 5 comment
We should go to the Nolan Theater. The theater has a lot of good

events. It has interesting plays and great concerts. The theater is
huge and beautiful. Student tickets are very inexpensive. I always
have fun there. It's my favorite place!
posted by Sam Walters, April 3 comment
We should go to Eaton Park. There are many big, green trees.

There are many beautiful flowers, too. It's very quiet and peaceful.
It's a terrific place to go on a nice day.
posted by Michelle Ruiz, April 5 comment
0 0; Write paragraphs. Write a paragraph for each picture on page 61

Use paragraphs Irom the Web page.

Persuasive Paragraphs
OCI http://www.eaton*school*news.ed
Field Trip Suggestions

(1) The Museum Is Great!
Jske B ve
shouH visit the ArIiri tori Museum.
~.`
(2) Everybody Loves the Park!
(3) The Nolan Center is Fun!

:
Purpose: Persuade Your Classmates
E
WRITING PROMPT
Your class has a field trip next month. Write Prompt Checklist
a persuasive paragraph. Suggest where read the prompt carefully.
the class should go. Write your opinion in - understood what the prompt
asks me to do.
the topic sentence. Write reasons for your

opinion in three or more supporting
sentences. Use interesting information
to persuade your classmates.
STEP I Pre-write
Look at Jake's idea cluster. Make an idea cluster for your suggestion. Write the place in the
middle circle. Then add details to support your idea in the circles around it.
Jake'5 Idea CIu5Der
ofJ an
bea ifLAt bL/ in &/9 dIU aaY ehi

jn
iice ,OeO?Ie
STEP 2 Organize
Look at Jake'5 paragraph organizer. Copy the organizer into your notebook or make one on a
c mputer. Make an organizer with the main idea and supp rting sentences for your persuasive
paragraph.
Jake' Paragraph Organizer
//i& the
74 tofl itlueim.
The biIdI7 i 1 1 Theeica6,q... l The peo,P/e are...

oine
people think.,,

OPractice. Look at Jake's first draft. How can he improve it? Answer the questions.
O JAKEIS FIRST DRAFT
CD
AAy
-,,., ,The Arlington lake Bye,:

Museum Is -

- 1)[like the Arlington Museum.,Z ) m eD uuaing is oiu. ) inc ouiiuing l
- is Deautitui., 4) 1 ere is a reaiiy Dig ainosaur exni it at et\museum.
ni , !

- ") Ihe people at. tile museum are aiways nice ann neiprui. 0). m e peopie !
- at t mall, are ce, 0./)some peopie trunK tile museum is During, ]
-DUt it 5 reauy intereslilig.

__
1, What is a more persuasive sentence for 3. What is a more descriptive way to say
sentence 1? "really big" in sentence 4?
A I really like the Arlington Museum. A nice
B You should like the Arlington Museum. B huge
0 We should visit the Arlington Museum. C thick
D I go to the Arlington Museum. D fresh
2. What is the best way to combine sentence 4. What sentence is NOT a good supporting
2 and sentence 3? sentence?
A The building is old, beautiful. A Sentence 4

B The old building is beautiful. B Sentence 5
C The building is old and beautiful. C Sentence 6
D The building is old and the building is D Sentence
beautiful.
a Draft. Write a first draft of your persuasive

Use your notes from Steps 1 and 2.
paragraph. Revision Checklist
U I gave my opinion in the topic
sentence.
U I gave reasons for my opinion in
Revise. Read your first draft. How can you improve it?
supporting sentences.
U I included interesting information
and adjectives.

STEP 4 Edit
O Practice. Look at the sentences. Choose the best substitute for the underlined words. If
The air smells really young in the park. C Are there any park
A bright D Make no change.

B quiet 4. You sho th It's nice.
Cfresh
A You shouldn't go there.
D Make no change.
B You should go there.
2 There are many store in my C You should not go there.
n eighborhoocl. D Make no change.
A There are a lot of
5. Tim is my new naybor.
B There is many
A neighbor
C There is one
B nieghbor
D Make no change.
C neghbor
3. Are there any parks near your house? D Make no change.
A Are there a parks
B Is there any parks
D editing
Editing Checklist
PaUU
me
checklist. Edit your writing. my

U
rtn e r
0 Peer Edit. Exchange drafts with a partner. Tell

your partner what you like about the draft. Look
used sensory and quantity
used There is/There are correctly
at the editing checklist. Tell your partner how to used should for suggestions
improve the draft. correctly
used correct spelling,
STEP 5 Publish punctuation, and capitalization
Write your persuasive paragraph in your notebook, or

on a computer. Look at the field trip suggestions on pages 60 and 61 for ideas. Remember to
include your name and a title. Present your persuasive paragraph to the class. What are the
most popular suggestions?
I .
Finding Maps Online
There are many maps on the Internet. There are maps of the world, countries, cities, and even
of your neighborhood.
Q Use keyw ?arches to find maps of a country, a city, and a neighborhood. Print or
download the three maps if you can. Remember to cite the Internet source for each map.

.,=
!I .ii'i 4Tk'1i E1

Writing
descriptive writing
Organization
general to specific

OAK ST-
-
Writing Conventions Q
spelling
Vocaba rv j Z r

descriptive adjectives
location phrases
activities
Grammar
-

present continuous
!l,l;`l
object pronouns
adverbs
ech n ogy
comparing online resources
-
0 D Discuss. Close your eyes and imagine you are in a park on a beautiful day. Answer the
questions. Describe the park to your partner. Use sensory details.
l
Where are you? -

tZ
What do you see? -

3
What do you smell? -

4
What do you hear? _

5. What do you feel?
O D Read. Read Francisco's description of Oak Street Park.
A Day in Oak Street Park

Francisco Garcia
There are many interesting places in my neighborhood. One Learn new

place is Oak Street Park. I am at Oak Street Park right now. It's my words. Write
favorite place. It's 1:00 on Saturday afternoon. I am sitting on a them in your
personal
bench and writing in my journal. Today is a beautiful day. It's really dictionary.
sunny and hot. The sky is clear and bright. The air smells fresh and
sweet.
The park is very crowded. Some people are young, and some
people are old. Some people are tall, and some are short. Some
people have long, straight hair. Some people have short, curly hair.
One old man has no hair! He is standing in front of the park gate.
A tall woman is standing beside him. She has blonde hair and blue
eyes. They are talking and laughing loudly.
There are a lot of things happening around me. Many people are
exercising. They're walking quickly or riding their bikes. There is a
food stand to the right of the entrance. A few people are eating
lunch next to it. There is a handsome man to the left of the
entrance. He is painting a picture very carefully. Across from me, a
young girl is playing under a tree. Her brother is playing with her,
too. They're running and jumping happily. Their mother is sitting
behind them. She is watching them quietly. Everyone is having fun.
0 B Write captions. Write a sentence for each picture on page 67.


l
2.
4. 5. 6. _
7. 9. _
10.
Unit 6 Describe a Favorite Place 67

''
a Complete the chart with the opposite adjectives

from the reading on page 66. Write the sentences
in your notebook.
Remember!
You can use descriptive atl
add details. They can go before nouns
s to
or after the verb be.
The tall woman is in the park.

She is tall.
-- jJ: Opposites Chart -
1.handsome - Some people have short, curly hair.
- U Their hair is short and curly.
n
t 2. -
a l 1a tt r
long, straight
a 3. -
young t 1
C
V
e 4. -
7. ere is a hatiJsorne tiiari to the left of the entrance.
2.
01Write the correct location phrases for each sentence. Remember!

Use information from the reading and pictures on Loc ses tell where something
is located.
pages 66 and 67.
I'm in my favorite place.
I'm at Oak Street Park.
next to in front of across from
beside to the right of under behind
1. Francisco is --- on a bench.
2. An older man is - the park gate.

3. A tall woman is _ him.
4. There is a food stand _ the entrance.
5. A few people are the food stand.
6. A young girl is _ Francisco.

7
The girl is - a tree.

8
The children's mother is _ them.
Complete the sentences about the Garcia family. Use the correct form of the verb.
run jump talk eXefe e

watch laugh ride paint

1. 2.3.4.5.6.7.8. Francisco usually exercises at the gym in the morning.
Mr. Garcia often TV in the evening.
Sometimes he - if a program is funny.

In her free time, Mrs. Garcia - beautiful pictures.
She often - with her friends on the telephone, too.
Maria often - in the park for exercise. She's really fast.
She also sometimes _ rope.

Francisco and Maria never their bikes to school. Their school is
very close.
S A ` >Learn more in the Grammar Reference,

pages 131-141.
Imagine it is Saturday afternoon. What are the people doing right now? Change the
O sentences to the present continuous tense.
-
Z n . YH
Present Continuous Tense
Simple Present Tense
Francisco writes in his journal every day. Francisco is writing in his journal right now.
People exercise in the park on Saturdays. Some people are exercising right now.
/
The present continuous tense tells

what is happening right now.
1. Maria and her friends play soccer every Saturday afternoon.

Maria and her friends are playinq soccer ri tnow.
2. Mrs. Garcia eats lunch with her friends every Saturday afternoon.
3. Francisco's classmates exercise every Saturday afternoon.
4. Mr. and Mrs. Garcia watch a movie every Saturday afternoon.
5. Francisco relaxes in the park every Saturday afternoon.

D Rewrite each sentence. Change the underlined words to object pronouns.
. '
Noun Object Pronoun
A tall woman is talking to the man. A tall woman is talking to him.
The girl's brother is playing with the girl. The girl's brother is playing with her.
The mother is watching her children. The mother is watching them.
People are eating lunch next to a food stand. People are eating lunch next to it.

1. Francisco is writing in his journal. - Francisco is writing in it.

2. There is a food stand to the right of the entrance. -
3. The boy's sister is playing with the boy. - -

4. An older man is talking to a tall woman. -

5. Francisco is watching e brother and sister. -
6. The children are playing across from Francisco. -
The sentences below are not true. Rewrite the sentences. Use the correct adverb from the
passage on page 66.
Adverbs answer the question "How?" They give details

about verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Many
adverbs end in Reall- and very are also adverbs.

Question Description Purpose
How is the mother watching She's watching them quietly. gives details about the
her children? verb watch
How hot is it? It's really hot. gives details about the
adjective hot
How carefully is the man The man is painting very gives details about the
painting? carefully. adverb carefully

1. It's not sunny. - It's rea unny.-

2. People in the park are walking slowly. -
3. A man is painting very carelessl. -
4. An older man and a tall woman are talking and laughing quiet -
5. A brother and sister are playing sadly in the park. -

Remember!
e

You can start with general
information and then give ) ecific
details. In the reading on page 66,
General to Specific Francisco first describes the general
setting (place and time) and tells what
Number the sentences in order from general to specific. he is doing. Then he adds specific
Then, write a paragraph. Write the sentences in the details about the characters (people).
correct order. Then he describes the action (what is
happening).
Group 1
- I'm staying home and watching a movie.

It's a cold, wet Saturday in Washington, D.C.
- They are singing and dancing.
- There are many people in the movie.
Group 2
- Some people are playing football. Some people are relaxing.
- Carson Beach is very popular. It has water sports, a picnic area, and food stands.
- Carson City is very beautiful in the summer. It is a great place for a vacation.
- The beach is always very crowded. Many people are at Carson Beach right now.
11's co/el, wet SVurelay..
Remember!
Many words are difficult to spell. Use a
dictionary or spell check. See page 143
Spelling for a list of commonly misspelled
words.
The words in the boxes are not spelled correctly. Rewrite
the description. Correct the misspelled words.
lot
There are of things happening around me. Many people are
. walking quickly or riding their bikes. There is a food
stand to the of the entrance. A few people are eating lunch next to
it. There is a handsome man to the left of the entrance. He is painting a
picture very from me, a young girl is playing under a tree.
Her brother is playing with her, They're runing and jumping happily.
mother is sitting behind them. She is watching them
Everyone is haveing! fun.
There are /ot of Vhfrigs . . .

t

Descriptive Writing
Descriptive writing tells how something looks, tastes, smells, sounds, feels, or makes a person
feel. A detailed descript. makes the settinc,, laract , and action seem real. Stor: and
journa' e, es often use descriptive writing.

O O Read. Read the journal descriptions of these students' favorite places.
(a ,LL &imritQi r,Z

9Jhi
IFF MA.
FJi,
r
hJ eseses
4ji:l
--
,H7J7we FJFF7JF7 Learn new

words. Write
\,,-
aL1rL4 L`(ff IA.MMI1M MJ(., I AAAHV ( AJYIIL ' 1 L1HA1 L. ^"V ' I
-
them in your
personal
dictionary.
,.--.--.
'
Spor rid /, vo rtle P(ac

a wdevi .',
Sports 1or/c!.. i1'c /000k'?'

r oes7-.
oroo.ere'aueM nextF
eki 1a rice. c/e iTFJ
thfJefjofjtjcvavebiq and Feve ic a
re7
aCrO5S froiii +he evvli5'Couri'5 ereaveonac
Sorts fd Many Deseo rccinaSeverafl,=

bo5ay ket/a/I ii
olcie,'- /dies are k7rns. 24L
0D Write paragraphs. Look at the pictures on page 73. Write the correct paragraph under
each picture.

riptive Paragraphs
11
-l1Le

:
Purpose: Describe a Favorite Place
WRITING PROMPT

-magine you are in a favorite place. Write a
journal entry. First, give general information
Prompt Checklist
about the place, time, and what you are
doing. Then, give more specific information
U - understood what the prompt
about the place and the people around you. ! asks me to do.
Finally, give details about something that is
happening near you.
-.
STEP I Pre-write
Look at Olivia's notes. Imagine you are in a favorite place. Write notes about your favorite
place in your notebook. Remember to include general information, specific information, and
details.
lL1
qeixd ThlrnZovl
1GW 6 otTh C
4:0Q 4
' A4XLi1. t L
cu et tt
&tkJ Lc

Omar a D I
STEP 2 Organize
Look at Olivia's organizer. Organize your ideas. Copy the chart in your notebook or make one
on a computer. Complete the chart with notes for your description.

.
. . .
i(

_ __y l
1,

OPractice. Look at Olivia's first draft. How can she improve it? Answer the questions.
OLIVIA'S FIRST PRAFI
/ am in my favorite place, i5rocato's Caf. 2) It's about 4:00 in the afternoon. I'm sitting at a
table. I'm stuelvina. 5) Srocato's is nice cafe'. 6 ) There are small tables in the caf. D There
are Italian flaas on the walls. &) i3rocato's is very crowIe to1ay. 9) Some people are olI, and
some people are young. F'eop/e are eating ice cream and talking. 11) There is a counter to th e

right of me. A tall, older woman is standing behindi the counter. 13 A boy is stan ng in ont of
the counter. 1 The boy is smiling ha ily. The boy is giving the woman some money. 1 The
woman Is ving the boy large ice cream cone. I want some ice cre i-i, too.

1. What is the best way to combine sentences 3. Where should Olivia add this descriptive
3 and 4? sentence?
A I'm sitting at a table but studying. She has gray hair and blue eyes.
B I'm sitting at a table or studying. A after Sentence 10
C I'm sitting at a table and studying. B after Sentence 11
D I'm at a table sitting studying. C after Sentence 12
D after Sentence 13
2. What's the best way to add more details to
sentence 10? 4. What is another word for "the boy" in
A Some people are quiet and some sentence 16?
people are loud. A him
B Some people are eating. Some people B his
are talking. C her
C Some people are eating quietly. Some D he
people are talking loudly.
D Some people are eating quietly. Some E!f Revision Checklist
people talk. U - gave general information about
the setting and my action.
D Oraft. Write a first draft of your descriptive
paragraph. Use your notes from Steps 1 and 2.
:l gave specific information about
the place and the people.
I gave details about something
happening near me.

Revise Read your first draft. How can you improve it? I included descriptive adjectives
and adverbs.

Step 4 Edit
OPractice. Look at the sentences. Choose the best word or phrase to complete each sentence.
1. There _ a tall, older woman in the C painting a picture

park. D isn't painting a picture
is 4. Alex is talking to - now.
B has A his
C have B she
D are C their
2. A woman is standing - me. D len
A across 5. Kerry is walking

B right A very
C behind B cheerful
D next C careful
3. Mary - right now. D slowly
A is paint a picture

B paints a picture
Editing Checklist
-O Edit. Reread your draft from Step 3. Look at the
mue
my
used descriptive
editing checklist. Edit your writing. partner
0. Peer Edit. Exchange drafts with a partner. Tell your

partner what you like about the draft. Look at I
adjectives, adverbs, and
location words correctly
used the present
the editing checklist. Tell your partner how to improve continuous tense and
the draft. object pronouns
correctly
STEP 5 Publish used correct spelling,
punctuation, and
capitalization
Write your descriptive paragraph in your notebook or on a
computer. Look at the models on pages 72 and 73 for
ideas. Remember to include your name and a title. Present your descriptive paragraph to the
class. Do your classmates feel like they are in your favorite place with you?
Comparing Online Resources
@ Do an Internet keyword search for online ESL dictionary. Look up the word describe on three
dictionary Web sites. Highlight the first definition in each dictionary. Use Ctrl+C or
Command+C to cop' the text. Op` a new word processing document. Use Ctrl+V or
Command+V to paste the definition. Remember to cite each source. Are all three dictionary
definitions the same? Present your information to the class.

Work in a group to write about one of these topics.

1. Choose your subject. 4. Add supporting information.
2. Study the information. 5. Revise and edit the writing with your group.
I

3. Write a topic sentence. 6. Present your group's writing to the class.
Topic 1
Write a persuasive paragraph to Heinle Publishing. Make suggestions and support your
reasons.
000 ONLINE STUDENT SURVEY

00
1'
O0
LTh Heinle Publishing' Online
b tuuent b urvey
This week's question: We are planning an adventure book.
It is an exciting book about peo e, aces,
and activities.
/ What oeoole. Dlaces. and activities should we include? l
' I viease sena us your suaaesuons. i wi',
Tell us who the. book should. be about, . ,, . w
where it should happen, and what activities we should include.
. , =-'';'
Topic 2
Write a descriptive paragraph about this illustration. Describe the place and tell what is
happening.

OTest Tip
WRITING PROMPT I
Stay on topic!
You are planning a trip with a group of topic sentence a
friends. Write a persuasive message to the paragraph. All ti
sentences should
group. Suggest where you think you should topic sentence.
go. Write your opinion in the topic
sentence. Write reasons for your opinion in
three or more supporting sentences. U
interesting information and adjectives
persuade the group.
se
l
WRITING PROMPT 2
Write a descriptive paragraph about the
room you are in right now. First, give
general information about the place, time,
and what you are doing. Then,
information about the place and
gi
people. Finally, give details about
something that is happening.

Think about your writing skills. Check (7) the answers that are true.
1. I understand... 3. 1 can correctly.
U neighborhood words. indent my paragraphs.
sensory adjectives. U write a topic sentence.
Li descriptive adjectives. write supporting sentences.
location phrases. U fix spelling errors in a paragraph.
U activity words.
4. I can organize my writing by .. .

2. I can correctly use... main idea and details.

there is/there are. general to specific.

U quantity adjectives. 5. I can write to. .
U
U the modal should for suggestions.

persuade.
the present continuous tense.
describe a place.
U object pronouns.
U adverbs.

O J [I('LI 1 [ .1:.
n
1 l
Writing

writing a friendly letter or e-mai-
Organization
parts of a letter
p7'`
/ 7`
Writing Conventions 7 ' z
mailing addresses
,
l
Vocabulary
days of the week
free-time activities

D I
time expressions
feelings and moods
Grammar
!

simple past tense with regular
verbs

simple past tense with be and

have
Tech n gy
sending an electronic message p

., '

, _ /` _
.11 ., /

r
~

/ J/,"'// .
>
_//

,
/

/"/',//_
/ //
/4
U>/

-
_
L
e
_
ha

Q O Discuss. What do you do on weekends? Complete the survey with a partner. Then, share
your information with the class.
How often do you...
e
ex I.
pearP'edro
4j iy fan
C l
inke momma.
_ lq opUe caLts
lhe,gluitc4r.
I!OW
_
I (ADO
-r1 I Li,,
I
b

Lctsfweek"
?
ol O Read. Read Francisco's letter to his cousin, Pedro.
_ f fI
I
2 called me.
eVeV)i'7a. 0
_
for about hoar. ebi)

1
t,

!_ Ii weekekid?
'yea
!C mperio helloforiie,

rhoana(q
1
March7, 2003
SK6TO4(l gc
way peca
iwascA injie vorec,
pIQ'7S. IV? eI- rIf,

(, C)
e LIe was.I' SICK.
II
P
s and _

/' l aria ana i s'waiea i-roni

IYlrrIc.. practIced
re ayea oecause i wo.gTIrea.
,ar COU$!4

Learn new
words. Write
them in your
personal
dicti
`rrvt(
0 Write captions. Write a sentence under each picture on page 81. Use sentences from
Francisco's letter.

1, M uter Z' 3k

so m In

]MAL
4. J: 6.
7. 8. 9.
Unit 7 Write a Message to a Friend 81

: '
O Complete Francisco's weekly schedule with the days of the week.
Francisco's Schedule

4.

11 -3. -5 -6. - -7 -

-

amy
and
Clean
horee
re/ar 4:OOp,r,
230
6:OOpjn,
cecôo
f:O0schoo/
n
e
r
-10t7ft-.w0orkOaf
ro f
,
study
4:QOp,nr
g'.uup
cIiooI

f:OQar,wi,i5th
f*0
* 730.-wor0k7o:10iQ0ore

p'actice
7;3Q,,,,
Lf:OOP,m
6:30
2:3OpM
e/ti
:OOp.rn._
3*ody
chooI
p.rn.*o
i1ayia
qlAifar
10
*06:O pa-.
Friday 730c,M,.
.S&on
7:OOp,i
ca//praedeia
4OOp,m.
7:00
afternoon
6:0Up.m
work
Qorcia
evening
c/ioo1
-
Digo
o.et
morn'i togf10
'n -*0
:0 a',n, *0
U] Read the sentences. What is Francisco doing at these times?

pvactice
7:30,
4:OOp,rn.
6:30
230
w[lii
hOOp,n._
ochool
prni.
Exercise A. Write sentences. Use the present continuous tense.
-ft Look at Francisco's schedule in
f,'/ava
*o
u*ar
*0
1. It's 3:15 on Monday afternoon. He's In is math

2. It's 7:00 on Thursday evening. :
3. It's 6:30 on Friday morning. .
4. It's 8:45 on Saturday morning. -
5. It's 10:45 on Sunday morning. -
6. It's 7:00 on Wednesday evening.
Answer the questions. Use information from Francisco's schedule in Exercise A. Use the
prepositions in parentheses.
Remem be
Time expressions tell when something happens or how long something lasts.
When in the morning on Saturday at 12:00 p.m./at noon
How long for two hours from 3:00 to 5:00
1. How long does Francisco play basketball on Saturday? (for) He plays basketball for two hours.
(in
2. What time does Francisco call Grandma Garcia? (at)
3. What day does Francisco clean h is room? (on)

4. When does Francisco work out?
5. How long does Francisco practice the guitar on Tuesdays and Thursdays? (from . . . to)

These sentences are not true. Rewrite the sentences. Use the correct adjectives from
Francisco's letter on page 80.
1. Francisco is sad in Los Angeles. Francisco is ha in Los Anaeles.
2. Francisco was wide awake on Saturday morning.
3. Maria didn't play basketball because she was healthy.

4. Francisco was full at noon.
5. FranciscO `Vas b sy after tunch. -
6. Francisco `Vasfull ofener on Sunday evening.

> Learn more in the Grammar Reference,
,
pages 131-141.
ai Write correct sentences. Use information from the letter on page 80. Use the past tense of
the verb in parentheses. Use didn't for negative statements.
b Affirm ve Statements egative ateme' 5

ay Maria didn't Play basketbal-.
study
Francisco played basketball on Saturday.
Maria and Francisco studied on
They didn't study n Saturday
Sunday afternoon. nighL

Add 'ed or -d to form the simPle past teflse of

most regular verbs. There are some eXCePtionS:
study studied sh0P sh0PPed
1. Maria (play) basketball on Saturday morning. Maria didn't play basketball on Saturday morning
2. Francisco's friend Rick (call) him on Saturday afternoon. -
3. Francisco and Rick (walk) to the mall in the morning. -

4. Maria and Francisco (watch TV) on Saturday night. -
5. On Sunday, Maria and Francisco (stay home) all day. -
6. On Sunday morning, Francisco (clean) his room for three hours. -
7. On Sunday, Francisco (work out) and Maria (practice) the guitar. -
8. On Sunday evening, Francisco (relax). -

Write complete sentences. Use information from the letter on page 80. Change be or have
to the past tense. Add the correct preposition to the time expressions.
i] ri ETil I] '
Verb Affirmative Statements Nega e Statements
be Francisco was tired on Sunday night. He wasn't tired on Saturday night.
Francisco and his parents were busy They weren't busy on Saturday night.
on Saturday morning.
have Francisco had a basketball game on He didn't have a game on Sunday
Saturday morning. morning.
Francisco and his family had plans They didn't have plans on Sunday.
on Saturday.
1. Francisco / has / a basketball game / 7:00 a.m

Francisco had basketball at 7: 00
2. Maria / is / sick / Saturday morning
3. Francisco / has hinch / noon
4. Saturday afternoon / Francisco / is / bored
5. Saturday night / Francisco and his family / have / fun
7. Sunday / Francisco and Maria / are not / busy
8. Sunday / the Garcia family / do not have / any plans
B Complete the story summary about Francisco's weekend. Use the correct form
the past tense.
Francisco (1) fun last weekend. He (2) - basketball on

Saturday. He (3) - sleepy. Maria (4) - home because she
(5) - sick. After the game, Francisco (6) - for groceries.
Then, he (7) - lunch. After that, he and his friend Rick (8) -
over to the mall. On Saturday night, Francisco and his family didn't
(9) - any plans. They (10) - games and (11) - TV. On
Sunday, Maria and Francisco (12) - busy. Francisco (13) - his
room. Then he and Maria (14) - from 1:00 to 3:00. On Sunday
evening, Francisco (15) - tired.

: Remember!
There are usually five parts of a letter. The heading gives
n
the date of the letter. The greeting says "hello" to the
Parts of a Letter person you are writing to (the receiver.) The body of the
letter is the message. It is in paragraph form. The closir
Look at Francisco's letter on page 80. says "good-bye" to the receiver. The signature is the
Find the five parts of his letter. signed name under the closing.
O
The letter is incorrect. Read the information and label the parts of the letter. Then, rewrite
the letter in the correct order.
closing Your friend,

- How are you? I'm great. I'm sitting in the park right now. I'm relaxing with my friends.
Last weekend was really exciting. I went to Seattle with my family. We had a really good
time. How was your weekend? Did you do anything interesting? Write soon!
- November 23, 2008

- Dear Rachel,
MARCI HESS
Remember!
Mailing Addresses An address gives the receiver's name and location. The return
addre gives the writer's information. Put a comma between the
Label the parts of Francisco's street address and apartment number. Put a comma between the
address. Then, write your city and state. You can use abbreviations. For example:
school's address. Use correct Apt. (Apartment) N. (North)
CA (California) St. (Street)
abbreviations.
For international addresses,

add the country name to the
end of the address.
house / building number apartment number street name

city name state name zip code
receiver name
Francisco arc/a
-0 k St ree pt. 9
Os Ar7geles 90802
Nest FuI7lic School

15 N. i5roa4 . . . .
-

Writing a Friendly Letter or E-mail
In a friendly !eter or e-mail, the author writes an I nformal messa to a friend or family
member. These messa ges often tell how the author is feeling. They can also tell about recent
activities or events. The author may also ask the receiver questions, or make simple requests.
O O Read. Read Tom's e-mail to a friend.
From: Tom Botsford (tbotsford@h-net.com )

To: Alicia O'Brien (ao'brien@t-com.net )
Subject: Hi there Learn new
Date: April 12, 2008 words. Write
them in your
Hi Alicia, personal
Things here in Miami are fine. I'm very busy. - have classes dictionary.
Monday to Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. My classes are

interesting. I like my teachers, too.
Last weekend was great. On Friday evening, I played soccer
with some classmates. On Saturday morning, I listened to music
and cleaned my room. Then, - had a big breakfast. - was hungry.
After that, I studied from 11:00 a.m. until 1:00 p.m. Then in the
afternoon, my friend Marco and - played basketbal-. On Sunday

morning, I ust relaxed because - was tired. Then, - called my
grandmother on Sunday afternoon. On Sunday night, - played
games with my family. We had a great time!
How are you? How is school? Are you busy? Write soon!
See you later!
Tom
0 1 Write a letter.
page oi.
Rewrite Tom's e-mail to Alicia as a friendly letter. Use the format on

A Friendly Letter
t 7 z peso8
(heading)
'11
(greeting)
11 11l
1
11l
(body)
(closing)
(signature)
11
1

'r
:
Purpose: Write a Message to a Friend

WRITING PROMPT
E!1 Prompt Checklist
Write a letter or e-mail to a friend or family U - read the prompt carefully.
member. First, tell the person how you are. U - understood what the prompt
Then, write about what you did last weekend. asks me to do.
Use time expressions to sequence events.

Finally, ask questions or make requests.

STEP I Pre-write
Look at Tom's cluster map. Think about what you want to say. Copy the cluster map or make
one on a computer. Put the main topic in the center. Complete the cluster map with your
information.
Saturday -
Friday .
h
Tom'5 C!uter Map studied.

played played

basketball
~u
sY
What did -
do last
weekend?
Sunday- '
How
called
~
am I? grandmother,

Tom's played
classes
Message to
icia
What
questions
do -
have?
How is How
school? are you?
STEP 2 Organize (,//
Look at Tom's message outline. Organize your ideas. Copy the chart in your notebook or make
one on a computer. Complete the chart with notes for your message.
Tom's Message Outline
Greeting Lear A/ic

B How am I? I't-ri L7usy School is goo4. / have , m . . .
0
d
y
What did I do last weekend? Ot-i PriSsy, I p/ayeS
What questions do I have? How are you? How is school? Are you busy?
Closing Your fr-leviS,

first draft of the body of his message. How can he improve it?
OIPractice Look at Tom's
AnswPr th ^,.':___
TOM'S FIRST DRAFT
1) / have classes Monday to Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. 2) My c/asses are
interesting. 3 hings here in Miami are fine. / like my teachers, too.
5) Last weekend was great. 6 ) On Friday evening, I played soccer with some classmates.
D On Saturday morning, / listened to music and cleaned my room. &Hhen, / had /7ig l7reakfast.
9)! was sleepy. 10) After that, I studied from 11:00 a.m. until 1:00 p.m. 1) Then in the afternoon,
/ played b'asketb'all. 12) My friend Marco played l7asketba//, too. 13) On Sunday morning, I just
relaxed L7eca use / was tired. 1 called my grandmother on Sunday afternoon. 15) On
Sunday night, I played games with my family. ie Ve had great time.
7D How are you? 18 ow was your weekend? 19 Pie! you have fun? 20) I'm fine. 21 lease
write soon I
1, What is a better topic sentence for D Then in the afternoon, my Marco and I
paragraph 1? played basketball.
A Sentence 2 3. What is a better word for "sleepy" in
Sentence 3 sentence 9?
C Sentence 4 A fine
D Make no change. B bored
C tired
2. What's the best way to combine sentences
D hungry
11 and 12?
A Then in the afternoon, my friend and 4. hat sentence does not fit in
Marco played basketball. paragraph 3?

B Then in the afternoon, my friend A Sentence 17
Marco played basketball. B Sentence 18
n
C Then in the afternoon, my friend C Sentence 19

Marco and I played basketball. D Sentence 20
Draft. Write a first draft of your friendly

r Revision Checklist
U
letter or e-mail. Use your notes from Steps

1 and 2. told how I am.
n
wrote about last weekend.

Revise. Read your first draft. How can used time expressions to order the events.
you improve it? Look at the revision asked questions or made requests.
,.. l . Y
checklist. Revise your writing.

STEP 4 Edit
Practice. Look at the sentences. Choose
Sunday.
A from
Bat
the best substitute for the underlined words. If
1. I did my homework three hours on 4. Rachel haven't breakfast last Sunday.

A hadn't
B didn't have
C didn't had
Ofor D Make no change.
D Make no change.
5. Perry Martin
2. My sister practices the guitar Monday 4152 Elm St.
afternoons. es
A on A Los Angeles, CA 02128

Bat B Los Angeles CA, 02128
Cto C Los Angeles C.A. 02128
3. Wewat es movies last weekend.
A are watching
B watched
C watch
D Make no change.
atEdit. Reread your draft from Step 3. Look

rEditing Checklist
m
my

partner

0 Tell
e U
Peer Edit. Exchange drafts with a partner.

used new time, activity, mood,
U
your partner what you like about the and feeling words correctly
draft. Look at the editing checklist. Tell used the simple past tense
your partner how to improve the draft.
U
correctly
used correct spelling,
STEP 5 Publish
Write your message in friendly letter or e-mail format. For a friendly letter, include all five
parts for the letter. Present your letter to the class or mail it to your friend. For e-mails, type
your message in e-mail format on a computer. Print a copy or send it to your teacher.
I .
Sending an Electronic Message
roucan send messages on

the Internet with e-mail (electronic mail) or e-cards (electronic cards).
uo a K eywora se bor "free e-cards." Click on a hyperlink. Do not click on an advertisement.
Follow the site directions to send an e-card to a friend, family member, or teacher.

,

I=
.
LU1 JII '.] :!J:(. . L

Writing
writing a formal letter
Organization
chronological order
Writing Strategies
form, audience, topic, purpose
'IJN5fRij2..16
Oak
TIME
Vocabulary
event words
time expressions
comparative adjectives
Grammar
future tense with be going to
formal requests and invitations P
j
l``l
Tech nogy
Dear"J
finding local events

-
s
y
IXI

0. Discuss. Imagine there is a celebration at your school next week. What activities should
your school have? Work with a partner. Check (/) the three activities you like the best.
Persuade another pair of students that your suggestions are the best.
U
U go to the park have a school dance LJ have a talent show

have a costume contest plan a tour U make special food
O URead. Read the letter from Francisco's school.

Oak Street School
170 Oak Street
Los Angeles, CA 90007
April 5, 2008

Learn new
Mr. and Mrs. Garcia words. Write
145 Oak St., Apt. 9 them in your
Los Angeles, CA 90007 personal
dictionary.
Dear Mr. and Mrs. Garcia:
It is time for our Fun Time Festival. The festival is going to start Monday,
April 12, and end Friday, April 16. This year's celebration is going to be bigger
than last year's celebration.
As usual, the school is going to have an exciting event every day. On
"Museum Monday," students are going to take a tour of the museum of art.
Students should be at the school at 7:45 am. They should not be late because the
bus is going to leave at 8:00 a.m. For "Dance Tuesday, the school is going to have
a salsa dance party. The party is going to start at 4:30 p.m. Students should be on
time. On "Wild Wednesday," students should wear wild and crazy hats. The
wildest and craziest hat wins a prize. On "Costume Thursday," the school is going
to have a costume contest. Students should wear costumes to school. The best
costume wins a prize.
The busiest day is going to be "Fun Friday." In the morning, students are
not going to have class. They are going to practice before the talent show. After
that, the school is going to have a picnic lunch. Finally, the talent show is going
to start at 1:00 p.m. It's going to be very exciting
We would like to invite all family members to the talent show on Friday
afternoon. It is going to be very crowded, so please come early. Please reply to
Mrs. Percy or me by next Friday if you are going to come. Thank you.
Sincerely,
4%M4t (L
Ms. Alma Rivera, School Principal
0 Write captions. Write a sentence for each picture on page 93. Use sentences from
the reading.

Oak Street School
FUN TIME FESTIVAL
APRIL 12-16

l

I!
1!l 1
1. The festival is aoina to start 3,

Aoril 1 2 and end
6.
Unit 8 Invite People to an Event 93

:
O Complete Francisco's paragraph about the Fun Time Festival. Use the words in the box.
Fe events tour contest party

prize show invites costume
The Fun Time (1) Festiv1 is a popular celebration at the Oak Street School. Every
year, we have many different Last year, Monday's event was a (3) - of
the history museum. Then, on Tuesday, there was a hip hop dance (4) - at the
school. I danced all night! Wednesday was "Crazy Hair Day." There was a (5) - for
the craziest hair style, but I didn't win. On Thursday, we had a "Movie Magic (6) -."
The person with the most interesting (7) - from a movie was the winner. The most
exciting event was the talent (8) - on Friday morning. Mom and Dad were there,
too. Ms. Rivera always (9) - students' families. We all had a lot of fun.
Rewrite the sentences. Use the correct word in parentheses to create the correct time
expression. Use information from the letter on page 92.
1. This year's Fun Time Festival is (last/next) week. This year's Fun Time Festival is next week.,
2. There are many different events (last/every) year. -
3. (Last/Next) year's celebration was big. -
4. Students should not be (late/early) for the museum tour. -
5. They should come (on time/late) for the dance party. -

6. (Next/This) year, students should wear wild hats. -
7. On Friday, students should practice (before/after) the talent show. -
8. On Friday, parents should come (on time/early) for the talent show. -
0 Rewrite each sentence with the correct form of the adjective. Use information from the
reading on page 92. Remember
Comparative adjective compare two things.
1. This year's celebration is Francisco's hat is crazier than Yin's hat.
going to be (big/higger/ Maria's costume is more interesting than Tara's costume.
Superlatve adjectives compare more than two things.
biggest) than last year's Francisco's hat is the craziest in the school.
celebration. Maria's costume is the most interesting in her class.
2. The school is going to have

an (exciting/more exciting/
most exciting) event every day.

3. The (wild/wilder/wildest) hat in the class wins a prize.
4. The (good/better/best) costume wins a prize.
5. The (busy/busier/busiest) day is going to be "Fun Friday."
6. It is going to be very (crowded / more crowded / most crowded) .
1. is year's celeL'ratiori is going o ger last year's celel7ration.
r
2.

' > Learn more in the Grammar Reference,
pages 131-141.
U Write sentences in the future tense. Use information from the letter on page 92.
. ' 'a I '
The scho is going to have an event every The scho isn't going to have an event on
day next week. Saturday.
On Friday, students are going to have They aren't going to have class.
a picnic.
For actions in the future,

use be + going to + verb.
1. the Oak Street School / have / Fun Time Festival / next week
2. on Monday / students / meet / at the school / at 7:45 a.m.
3. on Tuesday / students / have a dance party / at 4:30 in the afternoon
4. on Wednesday / students / wear crazy hats
5. on Thursday / some students / wear costumes
6. Friday / be / the busiest day
7. on Friday morning / students / not have class
Unit 8 Invite People to an Event

a Add would or please to make the sentences more formal.
lnform& Formal
Francisco wants to go to the party. Francisco would like to go to the party.

We want students to wear costumes. We would like students to wear costumes.
Go to the party with him. Please go to the party with him.
Do you want to come to the party? Would you like to come to the party?
r-- r
1. The school wants students to enjoy the Fun Time Festival events.
The sch ents to eniov the Fun Time Festival events.
2. We want students to be on time on Monday.
3. Wear a hat for the contest on Wednesday.
4. The school wants parents to come early on Friday.
5. Come to the picnic with us on Friday.
6. Do you want to come to Friday's events?
Compare last year's Fun Time Festival to this year's Fun Time Festival. Use information from
the letter on page 92.
1 Last year, students visited a history museum.

stu oina to visit an art museum.
2. Last year, the school had a hip hop dance party.
3. Last year, there was a prize for the craziest hair on Wednesday.
4. Last year, the school had the talent show on Friday morning.
5. Last year's festival was big.

. : -
Remember!
Chronological Order

Chrono` ical ot tells events i
time order. Writers often use a tim
Copy the timeline or make one on a computer. Complete
to organize events by time.
the timeline with events from the letter on page 92.
' Jr
Form, Audience, Topic, Purpose
Remember
Use different words and phrases for different types of writing. Before you write,
ask questions:
What am I writing about? (Is it a fun event? a big problem? an interesting
person?)
Who is my audience? (Is the reader a friend? a teacher? someone I don't know?)
What is the purpose? (A m I writing to describe? to explain? to persuade?)
What , rm should I use? (Should write a formal letter? a paragraph? an essay?) ;
,
Look at the words and phrases. Think about audience and form. Make a two-column chart in
your notebook or use a computer. Write each word or phrase in the correct column.
I would like to invite you to a party. Comc to a party.

Hi Marco, Dear Mr. Griggs: Sincerely,
Say hi to everyone! Please give my regards to your family. Love,
Mary Mrs.. Jones

Writing a Formal Letter
Formal letters and friendly letters have different styles (see page 86). Formal letters usually
give more background information. In formal letters, writers use more formal language. They
do not use contractions. People usually use a formal style for people they don't know.
Business letters and event invitations are examples of formal letters.
0D Read. Read Jenny's final drafts of her letters. One draft is a friendly letter and one draft is
a formal invitation.
Leiter 1 Lelter 2
Ii
ow ore lvi e studerrt3 of West H1q1i
gs
- Ii IWewYork?i
II . - Schoo\ wou'd iketo invite The
Learn new

eciT! vve're

New Jersey words. Write
q,
V
students Ov\sH Scoo\ to
nn OU S(
them in your
rL
week. our schoo feskivat. e fe personal

.lb

dictionary.

qo\nglo be fra1Qeses

QIflq TO D. yn. lesQ UnnA11
rl
>
sVd

OO .m. on Sturdv.
V tv ' l , , , , -
r

L

3cST year`Tyl`1eses'9 1
0

Welt rk. fom 10"3
m
tS WI VVT ParK. }flTl1 Il:L
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TO COVfl! mISS you/ !
0 1 Write the body of each letter. Look at the letter forms on page 99. Look at the writing
styles in Exercise A. Write a complete draft for each letter. Use the correct form.

A Friendly Letter and a Formal Letter
West High School

1655 Lincoln Dr.
Mr. David Parker Westwood, NJ 07675
Principal March 29. 2008
Davis High School
6345 Broadway
Westwood, NJ 07675
Dear Mr. Parker
Sincerely,
Jenny Lee, Class President

:
Purpose: Invite People to an Event
WRITING PROMPT
Plan an event for your class. Schedule three or
rPrompt Checklist
U I read the prompt carefully.
more activities for the event. Then, write a formal U - understood the form, audience,
invitation to another class or school to come to the topic, and purpose of the prompt.
,
event. Remember to include the date, location, and
start time of the event. Include a short description
of activities and the times they start. Finally, ask the
contact person to reply to your message.

STEP I Pre-write
Look at Jenny's timeline. Make a timeline for your event. What would you like to do? When
and where would you like to do it?
00
ea nc,
70:30-)2 23Q es30

STEP 2 Organize
Look at Jenny's letter organizer. Organize your l ideas into the correct letter format. Copy the
organizer or make one on a computer. Research any information you need.
Jenny's Letter Organizer

Headin School adJress2
pate2
ntact person an ress2
Gre etin pear Z
odv Pate: April 2 . . ._
Location: Nest F'ark
Event start time: 10:30
ctivities anc1 times: 10:30-12:30 see play at Nest Theater,
1:00 eat lunch in West Fark, 2:30 qo on city tour .. ..
CIosin Sincerei`y? Your frien&

-

-
4
'
- . ,

OIPractice. Look at Jenny's first draft. How can she improve it? Answer the questions.
JENNY'S FIRST DRAFT
Mr. David l7arker
634S SroacAway
Westwooel, NJ O7675
March 29. 200&
Dear Davi
1) The students of West High School would like to invite the stuelerits of Davis Hich
School to our school festival. 2') The festival is coinci b'e from 10:30 a.m. to 5:00 o.m. on
Satu relay, West F'ark. 3 At 1:00 we are i ea unch i ri West rk. 4')
From 10:30 to 12:30. we are coiri' to see olav at the West Theater. 5') Then. at 2:3 7, we
are eoiri ta ur of the ci 0 Students should 7rirl their cameras. 7') The a r
Is n to end at 5:00 in the everiin . Let us know 17v Aoril 1 if you're cioinei to come!
Si ncerel
Jenny Lee. Class Fresident

1. What part of the letter is missing? 3. What sentence is not in correct
A the heading and the body chronological order?
B the date and the greeting A Sentence 2
C the closing and the signature B Sentence 4
o her school's address C Sentence 5
D Sentence 7
2. What should Jenny change the
greeting to? 4. What is a more formal way to write
A Dear Mr. David: sentence 8?
B Dear Mr. Principal: A Reply soon!
C Dear Mr. Parker: B Please reply by April 1 if you are
D Dear Mr., going to come.
C We want you to respond by April 1
D Would you like to come?
D Draft. Write a first draft of your invitation.

Use your notes from Steps 1 and 2. Revision Checklist
U - used the correct letter form and writing
style for the audience, topic, and purpose.
- included the date, time, location, and
activity information.
U I listed the activities in chronological order.
Revise your writing. - asked the contact person to reply
- ' ,

STEP 4 Edit
O Practice. Look at the sentences. Choose the best word or phrase to complete
each sentence.
C
Our school has a talent show biggest
D
year. more Interesting
A next
4. John - on Saturday.
Bby A is going to stay home
C last
B going to stay home
o every C staying home
2. We're going to go to New York City D is staying
5fl - to the party, Mrs. Rios?

A last weekend A Come
B on day B Do you want to come
C next weekend C Would like to come
D by weekend D Would you like to come
3. Our event is going to be -
than their event.
A craziest
B interesting
O Edit. Reread your draft from Step 3. Look at

the editing checklist. Edit your writing. f''Editing Checklist
my
me partner
Q
-

U U used event words, time expressions,
and adjectives correctly
Tell your partner what you like about the
Li Li used future tense, formal requests
draft. Look at the editing checklist. Tell your and invitations correctly
partner how to improve the draft. U U used correct spelling, punctuation,
and capitalization
STEP 5 Publish
Write your invitation letter in your best handwriting or on a computer. Look at Jenny's letters
on pages 98 and 99 for ideas. Remember to include all the parts of a letter and the event
details. Present your letter to the class.
I . 0
Finding Local Events
, Do a keyword search for the name of your town and state with the exact ohrase "event
'' schedule: You may need to narrow your search. Click on hyperlinks to tind tive tuture events you
would like to attend. Write a list of the events and the information for each. Cite your sources.
Then, write an invitation to a teacher to join you and your family at an event. Use the correct form.

.

Work in a group to write a letter about one of these topics.
1. Choose a topic. 4. Write a first draft.
2. Decide the letter form. 5. Revise and edit the letter with your group.
3. Do research if you need to. 6. Present your group's letter to the class.
!
Topic 1
Invite a friend or family member to the event below. Write about three activities you would
like to attend.
;
nlr IT

[
9:00 Breakfast in the Park

10:00,11:30 Costume Parade
12:00 Best Painter Contest at Mark's Caf
2:00 Games and Fun in theTeen Center
3:QQ-5:QQ City Baseball Game
7:QQ Ta'ent Show Prizes
for the best
Derformer
Topic 2
Write a letter to the teacher below. Request more information. Ask wh- questions to find out
the time and location of the lessons.
STUDENT STUDY SESSIONS

The Mayfield High School
English Department
is going to offer free
English lessons this summer.
Please write
fr more information.
Mrs. Wells, Head English Teacher

Mayfield High School
3246 West 5th Street
Newbury, AZ 02200

r!-,J I k.1 I l
OTest rip
WRITING PROMPT I
Find your purpose! Look for
Write a letter or e-mail to a friend. words like explain, describe,
things and persuade. They tell you the
Describe three interesting
purpose of a writing prompt.
last week. Use chronologi cal ord
describe the activities. Think abou
audience, topic, and purpose.
WRITING PROMPT 2
Plan an event for your class. Write a letter
to the principal of your school. Tell your
name, your age, and what grade you are
in. Persuade your principal to come to the
event. Tell the time and location of the
event. Write about the activities. Think
about form, audience, topic, and purpose.
1. I understand... I can correctly...

the days of the week. write mailing addresses.
U free time activities. U identify the form, audience, topic, and
U time expressions. purpose of my writing.
U feelings and moods.
4. I can organize...
U event words.
by the parts of a letter.
comparative adjectives.
by chronological order.
2. I can correctly use... 5. 1 can write. ..
U simple past tense with regular verbs. U informal letters.
U simple past tense with be and have. U formal letters.
U future tense with going to.
U polite requests and invitations.

b
r
..L
=
Writing
personal narrative
Organization
beginning, middle, and end of
'
a story
Writing Strategies `
time transition words
Voca b a ry

travel and transportation words
synonyms and antonyms for
adjectives
Grammar
T
simple past tense of irregular
verbs
wh- questions with the past tense - 1 p

Tech nogy
finding specific information __/
h

_,
'`

0 O Discuss. Plan a trip with a partner. Answer the questions. Present your travel plans
to the class.
1. Where are you going to go? -

2. When are you going to go there? -
3. Who are you going to go with? -
4. How are you going to get there?
U train U bus U car other
5. What are you going to do?
U
go sightseeing U go to a museum buy souvenirs

U
visit friends or family other

6. Why do you want to go there?
0 Q Read. Read about the Garcia family's trip to New York City.
Our New York Adventure

Francisco Garcia
My family took a trip to New York City last summer. We visited my Learn new
words. Write
mother's friends, Mr. and Mrs. Vega. We were very excited before we left.
them in your
It was our first trip to New York. We flew to New York on Sunday personal
morning. The weather was clear and sunny. The airplane was very dictionary.
comfortable. We arrived at about 3:00 p.m. Mr. and Mrs. Vega met us at
the airport. We stayed with Mr. and Mrs. Vega for one week.
We didn't have much free time during our visit to New York. We were
busy. On Monday, we took the train to Long Beach. We swam and ate
watermelon. The next day, we took a ferry and saw the Statue of Liberty.
The view was amazing. We had an exciting time. However, one day was
especially exciting for Maria. On Friday, we went sightseeing. First, we took
a subway into the city. Later on, we took a bus to Central Park. The bus was
very crowded. We got off the bus at the park. However, something was
strange. Maria wasn't with us. We looked around and finally we saw her.
Maria was on the bus! She didn't get off. There were too many people. My
father ran after the bus. At last, the driver stopped and Maria got off. In the
end, Maria was safe . She was very careful on buses and trains after that.
U
S
We came back to Los Angeles the next day. Mr. and Mrs. Vega drove
to the airport in their car. We got home late Saturday evening. We were
exhausted, but we were happy. We had a wonderful time in New York.
However, Maria is never going to forget her scary bus trip.
0 Use sentences from the passage.

O
n
Write captions. Write a sentence from the reading under each picture page 107.

1 . Mv family took trip to 2. 3
New York City last summer.
4. 5. 6.
7. _ __ 8. 9.
10.
Unit 9 TeIla Story 107

'` : ' '
U Unscramble the letters to make types of transportation. Find the words in the reading on
page 106. Write the complete sentences.
1
arilapne airplane- The airplane was very comfortable.

ratin _ _
refry - -

4
yabuws - -
'I'O
usb _ -

rac _ -
Find the words from the box in the Remember!

reading on page 106. Complete the
Synonyms are words that have the same (or close to the
same) meanings. Antonyms are words that have opposite
chart with the synonyms and meanings. Good writers use different words to make their
antonyms. Then write the complete writing interesting.
11
sentences. synonyms very good great

antonyms big small
careful exciting exhausted wonderful clear scary

am safe strange comfortable crowded sunny
LSynonyms F
Antonyms
b
-very interesting 1amazing - 0
r1
C1 n
-unusual 2. 0 g
dU
empty 9. I
-frightening y
c
-very good 4. - ar
1 e1
very tired 5. dfl e
SS
bright 6. a
n
g
e
r
uncomfortable 12. I
1. The view was amaziri e7 x
8 c

2. n
9
1
0
11

Reread the passage on page 106. Then match these words to make travel phrases.
1 . take ' a. back to Los Angeles

2. visit b. a car to the airport
3.fly - c. toNewYork
4. arrive _ d. at 3:00 p.m.

5. meet _ e a trip
6.go - f. sightseeing
7. get - g. off a bus

8. come h. someone at the airport
9. drive i. friends in another city
Jr ' > Learn more in the Grammar Reference,

pages 131-141.
U Write the past tense form for each irregular verb. Then find each verb in the reading on
page 106. Write the complete sentence.
.
:rr. [:] I T-[.X') lii I L!.[

Verb Affirmative Negative
take They took a trip to New York. They didn't take a trip to San Francisco.
fly We flew to New York. They didn't fly to Portland.
meet They met us at the airport. They didn't meet us at the bus station.
,.0! ' '
8. 9.
tql/. took see

4 2
Lf,L
are have
0.1. 2.

3. is - 90
1
run

4. fly -

5. meet - come
6. swim 13. drive _
7. eat 14. get
1. Mv F.amilv look lrit7 1o New York City iasl summer
Unit 9 Tell a Story 109

pl Complete the questions with the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses. Answer the
questions. Use information from the reading on page 106.
Present Tense Past Tense

Where does the Garcia family take their Where did the Garcia family take their
Summer trip every year? summer trip last year?
Why do they 90 there? Why did they go there?
How do they get there? How did they get there?
Who dO they visit there? Who did they visit there?

What d they see there?
When do they come home7
What did they see there?
When did they come home?
1 (go) Where didse, the Garcia family go ? They went to New York City.-
2. (get) How - they - to New York City? -
3. (eat) What - they - at Long Beach? -
4. (get) Where - Francisco - off the bus? -
5. (run) Why - Mr. Garcia - after the bus? -
6. (go) Who - the Garcia family - to the airport with? -
7. (come) When - they - home? -
Complete the paragraph. Use the past tense of the verbs in parentheses. There are regular
and irregular verbs.
The Garcia family (1. take) a trip to New York City. They
(2.fly) - to New York on Sunday. They (3. arrive) - at 3:00 in
the afternoon. Mr. and Mrs. Vega (4. meet) - them at the airport.
They (5. not have) - a lot of free time in New York. They (6. swim)
- at Long Beach. They also (7. see) - the Statue of Liberty.
On Friday, the Garcia family (8. go) - to Central Park on a bus. The
Garcia family (9. get) - off the bus. However, Maria (10. not get)
- off. In the end, Maria (11. is) - safe. The Garcia family
(12. come) - home on Sunday. Mr. and Mrs. Vega (13. drive)
- them to the airport. They (14. are) - exhausted, but happy
after their trip. They (15. have) - a wonderful time in New York.
1 10 Step-by-Step Writing Book 1

.:

Remember!
Stories have a eginning, a midd.., and an end.
The beginning introduces the story and tells about
Beginning, Middle, and End of a Story the ttir and characters. The middle gives
details about the action or plot of the story. The
Find the beginning, the middle, and the end end tells what the story means or why it is
of the passage on page 106. Write two sentences important. ,' J
from each part of the story in the chart below.
- Story Organizer -
-F I7F I - ki F:Beginning -
1 xi
2. l-----, ________________________________________
Middle
3.
4.
End
5.
6.

Remember!
'a Transition words help to connect ideas. Time
transition words tell the reader the order of
events in a story. Look at how time transition
Time Transition Words words can change the meaning of a sentence.
Zhi studied after he ate lunch.
Add the correct time transition word or
phrase to each sentence. Use information from -' -'''
Zhi studied before he ate lunch.
--' -
the reading on page 106.

during later on in the end the next day
at last efe after that finally
before
1. The Garcia family was very excited the trip.
2. They didn't have a lot of free time their visit to New York.

On Monday, they took a train. , they took a ferry.

4
On Friday, they took a subway to the city. -, they took a bus to Central Park.
5. After they got off the bus, they looked for Maria. , they saw her.
6
Mr. Garcia ran after the bus. the driver stopped.

7
, Maria was safe.

8. Maria was very careful on buses and trains
Unit 9 Tell a Story I 1 1

Personal Narrative
A personal narrative tells a story from the author's point of view. It uses the frct nerson
(I, my, me, we, our, us). It also has a beginning, a middle, and an end. In a narrative
paragraph, the topic sentence introduces the story. The supporting sentence, tell about
the setting, characters, and action. The concluding sentence ends the story and tells what it
means. Travel stories and journal entries are examples of personal narratives.
0 Read. Read the stories about trips.
My family took a trip to San Francisco last July. My mother, my sister Bethany,
and I visited my aunt and uncle. We took a train from Portland, Oregon to Oakland,
California. Oakland is a city near San Francisco. We left on Wednesday morning.
Learn new
We were on the train all day. It was amazing. We saw a lot of beautiful mountains words. Write
them in your
and trees during the trip. However, we arrived very late that night. We were personal
exhausted. We got off the train, but something was strange. My uncle was not at dictionary.
the station. My mother was really worried. Finally, my mother's cell phone rang.
It was my uncle. He was at the Emeryville station. We were at the Oakland station.
He was at the wrong station. He drove quickly to the Oakland Station. We were
really happy to see him. In the end, our trip was fantastic. We're going to go again
next year. I hope my uncle goes to the correct station next time.
I had an interesting trip last July. My mother, father, brother, and I went to a
new zoo downtown. My father drove us to the zoo. It was very close to our home.
We walked around the zoo after we arrived. We saw many animals. Some animals
were beautiful. Some animals were funny. I really liked the snakes. I thought they
were fascinating. My brother didn't like them. He thought they were scary. Later
on, we watched an animal show. During the show, the zookeeper gave me a snake!
I held it for five minutes. It was really heavy, but it was beautiful. Later on, my
brother held the snake, too. Now, he doesn't think they are scary. They are his new
favorite animal. In the end, we all had a good time at the zoo.
0 0 Find the author. Reread the paragraphs.othe topic sentence in each paragraph.
Underline the supporting sentences. Make a around the concluding sentence. Then,
write each paragraph under the correct name and title on page 113.

Personal Narratives
TRAVEL STORIES
oo 0 0 lit t p: / / w w w .5111001-flew S - webs it e .0 rg
A New Favorite
Korisha Johnson
C
O
' ,
(settings, characters, and action)
, ` OC
(concluding sentence)
Where Is He? 1 11
Marty Selas
(topic sentence)
(settings, characters, and action)
0 JI
Unit9 TellaStory 113

. :
Purpose: Tell a Story
WRITING PROMPT
I:!!' Prompt Checklist
Tell a story about a trip you took. Write a persona - read the task carefully. ]
narrative paragraph for a class Web site. Describe U I understand the form, audience,
the setting and the characters. Describe the actior topic, and purpose of the prompt
Use transition words to connect ideas. Be sure you
story has a beginning, a middle, and an end.
STEP I Pre-write
Look at Marty's story planner. Copy the chart or make one on a computer. Think about the
information you need. Write notes for your paragraph.
Marty's 5tory Planner

Title
My Trip?
Setting
Where did you go? San Francisco When did you go? last; summer
Characters
Who did you go with? me, my mother, and my sister

Action
What happened? We arrived and my uncle was not at the train station.
STEP 2 Organize
Look at Marty's story organizer. Organize your ideas. Copy the story organizer or make one
on a computer. Complete the story organizer with information about your story.
5tor anizer
/ went to 5 Francisco last summer. My mother and sister came, too. W'...
Middle
We left on Wednesday. We arrive late at niaht. Mv uncle was not...

End
We were happy to see him.
1 /,

Practice. Look at Marty's first draft. How can he improve it? Answer the questions.
MAg7YS FlgS1 P1AF1
1) My mother, my sister 3ethany, and I visited my aunt and uncle. 2)Ve took train from
Fortland, Oregon Oakland, California.:,Oakland city near San Francisco.,,We left -

Wednesday morning. We were :,,; ,:was,:nice. 7) We saw
lot l7eautiful -

mountains ,trees the trip. However, we arrived,:late that; night. 9) We were -
exhausted.,,,We got train.' 12) Something was strange. 13) My uncle was not the -
station. My mother's cell one rang. My uncle was at the Emeryvil/e station. 1es We were.'
at the Oakland station. 1 He drove quickly to the Oakland Station. I He was at the wrong
again
station.
next
19)We
year.were
22) Ireally
hope happy
my un the
20) correct
Our tripstation.
was fanta

l
""r, r7
1. Which topic sentence should Marty insert 3. What two sentences are not in the correct
before sentence 1? chronological order?
A My trip. A Sentence 13 and Sentence 14
B I went to San Francisco. B Sentence 14 and Sentence 15
O My family took a trip to San Francisco C Sentence 16 and Sentence 17
last July. D Sentence 17 and Sentence 18
D San Francisco is a city. 4. What time transition should Marty insert
2. How can Marty change sentence 6 to in sentence 20?
make it more interesting? A Before,
A It was terrible. B Finally,
B It was amazing. C In the end,
C ItwasOK. D During,
D It was exhausting.
a Draft. Write a first draft of your narrative paragraph.

Use your notes from Steps 1 and 2.
Revision Checklist
U My story has a clear bc ginning,
ll
middle, and end.

U - described the setting,
Revise. Read your first draft. How can you improve

characters, and action.
used transition words to help
it? Look at the revision checklist. Revise your writing.
the story flow smoothly.
Unit9 TellaStory 115

STEP 4 Edit
D Practice. Look at the sentences. Choose the best substitute for the underlined words. If the
sentence is correct, choose "Make no change."
1. My family took a train to Chicago last 4. We t swam on our trip.

summer. A doesn't swam
A took train B didn't swim
B drove a train C doesn't swim
C flew a train D Make no change.
O Make no change. 5, Where do you go last weekend?
2. The scary movie was it. A Where do go
A cloudy B Where did you go
B frightening C Where you go
C careful D Make no change.
D Make no change.
3. Later on, we eat lunch at a new cafe.

A eats
B did ate
C ate
D Make no change.

O Edit. Reread your draft from Step 3. Look at
Editing Checklist
m

my
e
partner
used travel words and
Q I Tell
your partner what you like about the
U used the simple past tense
draft. Look at the editing checklist. Tell
U
correctly
your partner how to improve the draft. used correct spelling,
STEP 5 Publish
Rewrite your paragraph in your notebook or on a computer. Present your paragraph to the
class. Who has the most interesting story? Why is it interesting to you?
I . .
Finding Specific Information
Do an keyword search for "Statue of Liberty" and "visitor information." How do you get
Q there? When is it open? Write down the hours of Liberty Park and how much the ferry ride
costs. Cite your source. Then find visitor information for an interesting place in your city.

jhj1 iiI d F
-
Writing
/
writing a summary

Organizatwn
summary paragraph
riting Conventions
citing sources

Vocabulary
life events
family
'
Grammar .b
review of simple verb tenses

review of subject-verb agreement
oSa j
Technology ,n MX rC
finding reliable sources

al/
0n
0s jt0
CVI Rights
SS00 M,vernet0 e'
J
Q O,I Discuss. Answer the questions. Report your information to the class.
1. What does the word hero mean?
2. 1ho is your hero? -

3. What information do you know about that person? -
4. Why is that person a hero to you? -
0 0 Read. Read Francisco's essay about his grandfather.
My Hero
by Francisco Garcia
Learn new
My hero is Enrique Lopez. Enrique Lopez was born on October 1,
words. Write
1945. Enrique grew up in a small town in Spain. He lived with his mother, them in your
father, three sisters, and four brothers. Enrique's family was happy, but personal
dictionary.
they didn't have a lot of money. So, in 1959, Enrique and his brother
Pedro moved to New York.
Life was difficult in New York for Pedro and Enrique. Pedro got ajob
in a restaurant. Enrique was only 14 years old, so he went to school. In
the evenings, Enrique worked with Pedro at the restaurant. In 1963,
Enrique graduated from high school. After that, Enrique and Pedro
worked hard at the restaurant. They saved their money. In 1966, Enrique
and Pedro bought their own restaurant. They called it La Casa Lopez. In
1968, Enrique brought his mother, father, sisters, and brothers to New
York from Spain. In 1970, Enrique married Maria Gonzales. Enrique and
his wife had three children, Marco, Luisa, and Berta. Everybody worked
together at the restaurant. La Casa Lopez became very successful.
Enrique and his family still live in New York. Enrique doesn't work at
the restaurant now, but he is very busy. He teaches English classes for new
immigrants every afternoon. Next year, he is going to open a cooking
school, too. He and Pedro are going to teach the classes. Enrique didn't
win any big prizes and he isn't famous. However, many people admire
him. He always helps people and he is very kind. Enrique's daughter
Berta is proud of her father. Berta lives in Los Angeles with her husband,
son, and daughter. She often tells her family about Enrique. That is why
Enrique Lopez is my hero. Enrique Lopez is my grandfather.
0 Write captions. Write a sentence from the reading under each picture on page 119 .

1 . En ue Lo ez rn on 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
8.
10.
Unit 10 Summarize Information 1 19

:
Find these words and phrases in the reading on page 118. Write the complete sentences.
wa born grew up moved to got ajob graduated from

married had children saved money became successful admire

'D
1. Enriciue Lo born on Oc er 1 , 1945.
Unscramble the letters to find family words.

1.
rafghtedarn grandfather
2. ilncehrd
3. hubnads
4. flew
5. osn
6. taergdhu
7. issret
8. threbor

I
.
Write five sentences about Francisco's family. Use words from vocabulary Activity B and
sentences from the reading on page 118.
1
Fran randfather.
2
4
L IJ
` > Learn more in the Grammar Reference,

pages 131-141,
D Answer the questions. Write complete sentences. Use the correct verb tense.
UU
Present Enrique lives in New York
Past He moved to New York in 1959.
Future He is going to open a cooking school next year.
1, Who is Francisco's hero?

Francisco's hero.
2. Where is Enrique Lopez from?
3. When was he born?
4. What did Enrique do in 1959?
5. What happened in 1966?
6. How many children did Enrique have?
7. What does Enrique do every afternoon?
8. What is Enrique going to do next year?
Unit 10 Summarize Information 121

I: Remember

l~
A summary paragraph tells the main ideas
and the important details from a longer
Summary Paragraph
JSOr
passage. The topic sentence sums up the
main point of the passage. Then, the writer
Reread the passage on page 118. Take notes. Then retells the information in the same order as
paraphrase the main ideas in each paragraph. Use the passage. However, the writer uses his
her own words. This is called paraphr
your own words.
'

Topic Sentence: Enrique Lopez is Francisco's hero. I
Passage Main kleas Paraphrased information
F'a rag ra ph l born in 1945 - S pa in Enricue Lopez was born in 1945 1 ri Spain.
1959 - to New York with brot her In 1959, he moved to America with his brother.
ragraph 2 l
f2a rag raph s

I
.
Remember!
1
Citing Sources
Good writers always tell where they got their
Label the source citation with words information. They cite their source. For published

sources you must include:
l
from the box.
title author publisher information
copyright date page number(s)
r
See page 144 for more information about citing sources.
author publisher information

copyright date page number(s)
title
) (Blamne, Reggie.)

Writing a summary
A summary gives the facts and main ideas from a longer passage or story. Writers often
summarize research information from encyclopedias, reference books, and other resources.
They only include information that is important to the topic.
0 0 Read. Read the encyclopedia entry about Rosa Parks.
A Biography of Rosa Parks
Rosa Louise McCauley was born on February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama. In Learn new
1924, at age 11, Rosa moved to Montgomery, Alabama to study. She went to The words. Write
Industrial School for Girls. Five years later, Rosa quit school to help her
grandmother. In 1932, Rosa married Raymond Parks. Rosa's husband
encouraged Rosa to finish school. She graduated from high school in 1933.
Rosa's husband, Raymond, was an active member of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). NAACP members supported
civil rights. They wanted black people and white people to be treated equally.
However, at the time, black people and white people were often segregated.
They did not eat in the same restaurants. They did not ride the bus together. On
buses, white people sat in the front of the bus. Black people stood, or sat in the
back of the bus. Rosa Parks thought this was wrong, so in 1943, she joined the
NAACP.
On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks changed America. She boarded a bus and
sat down. Soon, a white man got on the bus. The bus driver asked Rosa to move.
Rosa Parks was tired from working all day. She said, "no." The police came and
arrested Rosa. The black people of Alabama were very angry. They stopped
riding buses and the bus companies lost a lot of money. Finally, the segregation
laws were changed. Black people could sit where they wanted to.
Rosa Parks died in 2005, but many people still admire her. She is often
thought to be one of America's strongest and bravest civil rights activists. Rosa's
actions helped Americans to understand that black people and white people
should have equal civil rights. Because of this, Rosa Parks is sometimes called
"the mother of the civil rights movement."
0 U Find information. Find information in the encyclopedia entry to complete the summary
on page 125. Rewrite the summary with the correct information.

A Summary

Rosa Parks
Dawn Greene
Rosa Parks was an importantL (1) in America.

She was born in-(2) _ -,Alabama on
1913. Rosa moved to
Alabama in 1924.

Then, in l (5) " _ __ . -, Rosa married

Raymond Parks. Raymond was interested in the civil rights movement.

Rosa wanted peo e to have equal rights, too. In 1943, Rosa joined the
-(6)_P_" on-(7) ._ __""" . -,

1955, Rosa refused to give her seat on the bus to a white person.
The police arrested Rosa. This caused many changes in America.
It taught Americans that all peo e are equal. Rosa Parks died in
l(8)20 _ .". _ -,but many people still admire her.
They think she was very brave and strong.

Baine, Reggie. The History of the C/v//Rights Movement. Boston: Heinle & HeEnle,
2006. pp. 26-29.
9osa F'arks w, ri imporlarrt civil rig hts ctivist fri

AmericJ. 5he wa5 .

:
Purpose: Summarize Information
VVRITING PROMPT
LO0k up a fam us hero in an encyclopedia or
rPrompt Checklist
reference book. Write a one.paragraph summary - understand the form, audience,
of the information you find. Te where and when topic, and purpose of the prompt.
the person was born. Give dates for two or more
important events In the person'sIife. -nclude the

main details about one important thing the

person did.
-
STEP I Pre-write
Read your reference passage. Then, look at Dawn's reading chart. Make your own chart. Read
your information again. Find the main ideas from each paragraph.
Pawn's Reading Chart

Topic: .osa t7arks
Source Main ideas
ragraph 1 Feb'ruary 4, 1913 , L7ot-Il iti aL7arlia

1924 , moved to Moo omery
1932 . ti-ia rriecl , . .
na g raph 2
rag raph s
F'a rag raPh 4
STEP 2 Organize
Look at Dawn's sentence organizer. Copy the organizer or make one on your computer.
Paraphrase your notes. Complete the organizer with sentences for your biography.
Pawn's Sentence Organizer

Topic Sentence: .osa i7arks was an important person.
Reading Notes raphrased Sentences
Fehruary 4, 1913 , horn in AIaE?ama She was horn in Alab'ama on February 4, 1913.
1924- Montgomery She rnoveol to Montgomery, Alabama in 1924.
1932 . marri . . . she marriec . . .

.
PAWN'S_FIRST/, =-
(1) Rosa F'arks was
import.ant person. (2)She wasIornin1uskegee,
AIabama on Fthruarj 4, 1913. (3) She moved to Mon om ry, A-abam _
_in 1924. (4) She n tk ustriC r Girls. (5>.In 932,
mi0 mpr yrno Fl0d wa s irite rested in i e ci
riciht movement. In 1943, Rosa joined the National Association for
Libe_Advancement_of Colored People n0 Pece.mF'er 1 1955, Rosa____,
pHiepolice,arrestecl RosaIQ) This.4,.-
caused manyes changes in Ameri 11)iaughihmncnh ll
ople a,re euaLj2),, Rosa 1arks.d d,in 2QO5j2ut ma r1ygo e stiH
admire her. (1 They think she was vers/ IraveanJ_
J
Jstrorl4
* `'
::;.. _ _ -
O, Practice. Look at Dawn's first draft. How can she improve it? Answer the questions.
1 . What is a better topic sentence?

A Rosa Louise McCauley was an important person.
Rosa Parks was a famous civil rights activist.
C The NAACP was important.
D Rosa Parks was from Montgomery, Alabama.
2. What sentence is not important or related to the topic sentence?
A Sentence 1 B Sentence 2
C Sentence 3 D Sentence 4
3. Where is the best place to add this information?
A after Sentence 4 B after Sentence 5

C after Sentence 6 D after Sentence 7
4. What is a clearer way to write the underlined part of sentence 8?

A give her seat on the bus. B give her seat to a person.
C give her seat on the bus to a white person. D give the bus to a white person.
b

to
E!f Revision Checklist

Draft. Write a first draft of your summary

U I told when and where the person was

hr
paragraph. Use your notes from Steps 1 and 2. gave dates about important events in

person's life.
U
- included details about one important thing

en

the person did.

Revise your writing.

STEP 4 Edit
U each sentence.
Practice. Look at the sentences. Choose the best word or phrase to complete
1. My sister - Mexico. 4. Sheri _ in Dallas, Texas.

A born in A live
was born in B lives
C is born in C are
D was born on D don't live
2. My mother's father is my -. 5. Peter and Mark visit me

A grandmother next year.
B cousin A is going to
C father B are going
D grandfather C is going
3. Rena to school in San D are going to
Francisco last year.
Ago
B goes
C went
n~
D is going to go
Edit. Reread your draft from Step 3. Look at

Editing Checklist
0


my
me partner
Peer Edit. Exchange drafts with a partner. Tell U -U used life event and family words
your partner what you like about the draft. correctly
Look at the editing checklist. Tell your partner used correct verb tenses and
how to improve the draft. subject-verb agreement
used correct spelling, punctuation,
STEP 5 Publish and capitalization
Write your summary in your best handwriting or

on a computer. Look at Dawn's paragraph on page 125 for ideas. Remember to include a title,
your name, and your source information. Present your summary to the class.
I .
Finding Reliable Sources
Q Not all Internet information is reliable. You cannot believe everything you read. The most
reliable sources for information are organizations and universities. These Web site addresses
end with ".org" or ".edu". Do a keyword search for Rosa Parks. Find one .org site and one
.edu site about her. Find three pieces of information about Rosa Parks from each. Cite your
Internet sources.

.J .
II:

.

Work in a group to write about one of these topics.
' .

P
1. Choose a topic. 4. Write a first draft.
2. Study the information. 5. Revise and edit the draft with your group.
3. Research needed information. 6. Present your group's writing to the class.

L .IPf
Topic 1

Write a story about the picture. Tell about the characters, setting, and action. Be sure your

r
story has a beginning, a middle and an end.
I`11

.
l

i
l

L
Topic 2
Research one of the people below. Write a one-paragraph summary of their life.

1

.

I
L

,
.

1!,.

Anne Frank

Abraham Lincoln Martin Luther King, Jr.

~
7

OTest Tip
WRITING PROMPT I
Don't panic! Sometime
Think about an event that changed your life. good writers can't think
test. Put down your pen
Write a personal narrative paragraph about
Then start again.
what happened. Use descriptive adjectives
to describe the setting and the characters.
Describe the action. Use transition words
to connect ideas. Be sure your story has a
beginning, a middle, and an end.
WRITING PROMPT 2
Think about someone you know that you
think is a hero. Write a one-paragraph
summary about the person for a school
newspaper. Give dates for two or more
important events in the person's life. Tel-
why you think the person is a hero. Include
details to support your information.
1. I understand. . . 4. I can organize my writing by...
U travel and transportation words. U telling the beginning, the middle and
U synonyms and antonyms for adjectives. the end of a story.
U life event words. writing a summary.
extended family words. 5. I can write to. ..
I can correctly use. . U tell a personal story.
simple past tense of irregular verbs. U summarize.
U Wli- questions in the past tense.
U all forms of simple tense.
the right verb for the subject.
U
3. I can correctly...
use time transitions.
U
cite sources.

.
Nouns name a person, place, or thing.
Regular Plural Nouns (p. 16)

Nouns can be singular (one) or plural (more than one).
To make most nouns plural, add an s or es after the singular noun.
Sing ar Plural Rule

bed room bedrooms m
book books 0
S t`
class classes n n
0
lunch lunches
0
nU nU
family families nouns t'thatsend in a consonant + y: change the y to i
S
lady ladies h esa

and add
a
. t` dd
1 1 111 11 ' l . 1 l ] _ 1 1 1 _ l j ' 4 L l ' l "
e S
n
Irregular Plural Nouns d
Sn
Some nouns are irregular in the plural form. '
C
h '
Singular Irregular Plural S
man men I xh '
w nan women l 0
r
child Z:
children l a
mouse mice
dd
foot feet l e
S
tooth teeth
Count and Noncount Nouns (p. 32)

Count nouns are nouns you can count. They are singular or plural.
Use a, an, the, or a number with count nouns.
Noncount nouns can't be counted. They are singular.

Don't use a, an, or numbers. Use some for a non-specific amount.
Count Noncount
I have a banana. I have lettuce.
I have eight oranges. Buy some cheese.
Cut up the tomato. Cut up some cheese.
Articles (p. 4)
Use an article before count nouns.
Article Rule Example

a. an before general, singular count nouns Francisco is a student.
use a before consonants There is a book.
use an before vowels I eat an apple every day.
the before specific nouns I saw a movie. The movie was good.
when there is only one There is the Lincoln Memorial.
9 ''',,,,,
Grammar Reference 131

Possessive Nouns (p. 18)
Possessive nouns show ownership.
5entence 5entence with Rule

Possessive Noun
Francisco has a small bedroom. Francisco's bedroom is small. Add apostrophe + s ('s) to names.
The boy has a new poster. The boy's poster is new. Add apostrophe + s ('s) to singular
nouns.
The girls have gym class now. The girls' gym class is now. Add apostrophe (' ) to regular plural
nouns.
The men have blue hats. The men's hats are blue. Add apostrophe + s ('s) to irregular
plural nouns.
x
:i h` I
A pronoun takes the place of a noun or refers to a noun.
Example: My bro is sick today. e has a cold.
Subject Pronouns (p. 6)

Subject pronouns take the place of subject nouns. They do the action in a sentence.
Subject Pronoun Sentence Contractions

am sick today. I am = I'm
you You are a student.
he/she you are = you're
She plays soccer.
it
he is = he 'S
It is large.
we We read the news. she is = she's
you You are students. it is = it's
they They are busy. we are = we're
they are = they're
Object Pronouns (p. 70)
Object pronouns take the place of object nouns. They show to whom something happened or
who got something. They come after a verb or preposition.
Object Pronoun Sentence

n e
Please help me understand.
atima works with you.

you
him/her A woman talking to him.
it People are next to it.
They live next door to us.
us
you The teacher will give information to you. l
them The mother is watching them.
` '
132 Grammar Reference

l
A verb is an action word. Example: He works in a big office.
Simple Present Tense (pp. 5, 17, 30, 68, 121) Contractions
Use the simple present tense to tell about an action that is I am = I'm
true now or that generally happens. you are = yo u're

he is = he 'S
l

she is
i
she's
It'
it is = S
I am from China. I am not from Japan. we are = we're
You are young. You are not old.
they are = they're
Francisco is a student. She is not a student.
is not = isn't
My mother and I are at home. We are not at school.
are not = aren't
Contractions
does not = doesn't
l I l do not = don't
You You
We have a small apartment. We
They They
R e
Add an s to a verb for he,
I
she, and it.
You
work on Saturdays. We do not work on Sundays.
They
He
works every day. She does not work every day.
It
Present Continuous Tense (pp. 69, 82)

The present continuous tense tells about an action happening right now.
Use be and a main verb. Add ing to the end of the verb.
I am eating right now. - ' am not eating right now.

You are reading right now. IYou are not reading right now.
He is writing right now.
We are dancing right now.
They are running right now.

! He is not writing right now.
We are not dancing right now.
- They are not running right now.

-
Simple Base Form
Past Tense
Base Form T Past
imple
Ten Past Tense J
Simple
'T ride
be was/were - forget 0
r rode -
g
become became - get got -
0
L ring rang -
b eg in began -- give gave -- run ran -l
break broke -- go went -- say said l
see
bring brought -- grow grew saw -
sold
-
buy bought -- have had -lsell

catch caught -lhear heard -Isend sent -l
choose chose -Ihold held -- sing sang l
come came -- hurt hurt -- sit sat -
cost cost -- keep kept -1sleep slept
cut cut -- know knew -Ispeak spoke J
do did leave left -Ispend spent -
drink drank -- let let -Istand stood -
drive drove -Ilight lit -- take took l
eat ate -- lose lost -Iteach taught l
fall fell llmake made l- tell told l
feel felt l- meet met llthink thought -l
fight fought l- pay paid Iwear wore l

find found - put put - win won
fly flew Iread
read
write.lll wrote7
Future Tense (pp. 95, 96, 121)
The future tense describes events that happen after the present.
For actions in the future, use be + going to + verb.
Aff i rmative Negative l

I am going to go shopping tonight. 'am not going to go shopping tomorrow. -
You are going to buy food tomorrow. You are not going to buy food tonight. l
The trip is going to be great. The trip isn't going to be boring. l
We are going to read four books. We are not going to read magazines. I
You are going to have a test next week. You are not going to have a test tomorrow. -
Students are going to have a picnic. , l,, .
They aren't going to have a parade.


There is / There are (p. 57) -
itII4I'A'il4 C'V F7r- Contractions

Affirmative Negative there is = there's
Singular There is a mall There is no mall across from the park. is not = isn't
next to the park. There is not a mall across from the park.
are not = aren't
Plural There are stores There are no stores in the park. there is not = there's
in the mall. There are not any stores in the park.
Noncount There is grass There is no grass in the mall. not = there isn't
Nouns in the park. There is not any grass in the mall.
Imperative Form (p. 31)

Use the imperative form to give instructions, directions, or orders.
The imperative is like the simple present tense verb for you without a subject.

J p.,--hl Iuj.I-I m ,,
________________________________ Contractions
Affirmative Negative do not = don't
You write a story. Write a story. Do not write a story.
You get six onions. Get six on ions. Do not get six on ions.
You go to the market. Go to the market. Do not go to the market.
Modal Verbs
Should (p. 58)

Use should to make suggestions.
Should goes before a verb.
Contractions
should lu)t = shouldn't
You should visit Francisco's neighborhood. You should not miss it.
Francisco should be quiet in the bookstore. He should not talk to Maria.
Want and Would Like (p. 96)

Want and would like tell about a wish, request, or invitation.
Want is informal. Would like is formal.
Informal Formal
(want) (would like)
Francisco wants to go to the park. He would like to go to the park.
I want to be a waitress. I would like to be a waitress.
I want you to come to lunch. I would like you to come to lunch.
We want you to be on time. We would like you to be on time.
"

Complete Sentences (p. 19)
A sentence is a group of words. The words express a complete thought.
A omplete sentence has a subject and a verb.
The subject tells who or what the sentence is about.
The verb tells about the subject. subject verb

brother works at a restauran
capital letter end punctuation

Incomplete Sentences (incorrect) Complete Sentences (correct)
Carlos volleyball team. (no verb) Carlos is on the volleyball team.
Writes in her journal. (no subject) Hong writes in her journal.
Subject-Verb Agreeme nt (p. 122)

The ;ubject and verb in a sentence must agree in number.
When a subject is singular, the verb must be singular.
When a subject is plural, the verb must be plural.
She is a doctor. They are teachers.
(p. 4, 16, 56, 83)
Adjectives describe or give information about people, places, or things.

Adjectives go after the verb be or before a noun.
Add a comma (,) or the word and between adjectives.
I am smart. The air is fresh and clean.
Mrs. Moore is a good teacher. The tall woman runs every day.
Her classroom is big. There is a huge, beautiful park.

Quantity Adjectives (p. 58)

Quantity adjectives answer the questions how much or how many.
There are some vegetables.

There are a few restaurants.

Possessive Adjectives (p. 18)
Pos sive adjectives tell who owns something.

They go before nouns.
Possessive Adjective Examples I

my 'am a student. My name is Rafael. 1
your You are a freshman. Your homeroom is Room 21. 1
h Is
Sam is a student. His teacher is Mr. Li. l
her This is Julia. This is her classroom. l
its

The computer is in the office. Its screen is on. l
our We are studying biology. Our teacher Mrs. Johnson. i
your You are good students. Your grades are excellent. ;
their Mr. and Mrs. Garcia are parents. Their son is Francisco.

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives (p. 94)

Comparative adjectives compare two things.
Add than after the comparative form.
11 tiI rz
Maria is younger than Francisco.

Maria's costume is more interesting than Tara's costume.

If . . . Then . . .
If the adjective has one syllable then add er. small smaller l
If the adjective has two syllables then change the y to i h
a
and ends in y and add er. p
yp
If the adjective ends in e then add r.
nice nicer l

If the adjective has two or then add more before interestingh
more syllables the adjective.
a
more interesting
If the adjective is irregular then use the comparative good betterpp e r
adjective form. bad - worse
r
,
Superlative adjectives compare more than two things.

Add the before the superlative form.
Maria is the youngest person in her family.
Maria's costume is the most interesting in her class.
fj1TL
If , . .
The adjective has one syllable
Ihen
then add est.
'zw rri ' Example
small - smallest
The adjective has two syllables then change the y to i
and ends in y and add est. happy"happiest l
The adjective ends in e then add St. nice nicest
The adjective has two or then add most before interesting
more syllables the adjective. most interesting
The adjective is irregular then use the superlative
go d best
adjective form.
baa - worst.. L,
: (p. 70)
Adverbs answer the questions how, when, or where.

They give details about verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
To make many adverbs, add ly to the adjective form.
Really, yesterday, and very are also adverbs.
She watches them carefully. The adverb tells how she watches them.
The adverb tells how hot it is.
It is really hot.
Yesterday, I ran. The adverb tells when I ran.
Adverbs of Frequency (p. 44)

Adverbs of frequency answer the question how often.
LS
How often? Adverb of Frequency Example

1
100% of walk to school every day.

1
the time always always walk to school.

1 1
bring my lunch four days per week.

1
usually usually bring my lunch.

1 1
arrive early three days per week.

1
often
often arrive early.
1 1
am very tired one or two days per week.

1
sometimes
am sometimes very tired.
1 1
don't dance.
0% never
1
the never dance.
. (pp. 18, 44, 68, 82)
Prepositions tell where, when, and how something happens.

They usually have a noun after them.
preposition + noun = prepositional phrase
Examples:
New Year's Eve is on December 31.
Cinco de Mayo is very popular in the U.S.
Francisco celebrates his birthday at home.
The Garcia family goes to the Cinco de Mayo parade.

Common Prepositions
about before by in
above behind during into
across below except of
around beside for on
at between from over to
through
under
, O
Prepositions of Time and Location
Time expressions tell when something happens or how long something lasts.
Example: I play baseball for two hours in the afternoon.
Location phrases tell where something is located.
Example: The bedroom is next to the kitchen.
When? in the morning on Saturday

at 12:00 p.m./at noon
How long? for two hours for one week from 3:00 to 5:00
on m Street at Oak Street Park across from Room 21
., P' J
h
e
re
I '' E
(p. 43, 110)
There are two kinds of questions: yes/no questions and wh- questions.
The answer to a yes/no question is either yes or no.

Verb Tense Statement
The kitchen is big.

Yes/No
'A'1
Question
U 1.r-
Is the kitchen big?

l Yes, it is.
simple No, it is not.
present
present
The rooms are small. Are the rooms small?
Yes,
No, they
they are
are.no
She is being funny. Yes, she is.
continuous Is she being funny?
No, she is not.
The window was open. Yes, it was.
simple Was the window open?
No, it was not.
past
The doors were closed. Were the doors closed? Yes, they were.
No, they were not.
You are going to Are you going to
be here tomorrow. be here tomorrow?
Yes,.
No, I Iam
am. not. /
They are going to be Are they going to be Yes, they are.

busy this weekend. busy this weekend? No, they are not.

Contractions
was not = wasn't
were not = weren't
we are = we're
they are = they're

a
Verb Tense Statement Yes/No Question Short Answer

Yes, she does.
She likes the house. Does she like the house?
simple No, she does not.
present Do they study in the Yes, they do.
They study in the kitchen. kitchen? No, they do not.
Yes, we are.
present You are learning math. Are you learning math?
continuous No, we are not.
Did you eat in the Yes, I did.
simple past You ate in the kitchen.
kitchen? No, I did not.
future
He is going to clean Is he going to clean Yes, he is.
on Friday. on Friday? No, he isn't.
Contractions
does not = doesn't
do not = don't
did not = didn't
Verb Tense Wh- Question Answer
simple present What is Mr. Garcia's favorite Mr. Garcia's favorite holiday
h iday? is Cinco de Mayo.
The Garcia family is ha v
present continuous How is the Garcia family
g
a picnic to celebrate Ma rias
celebrating Maria's birthday? birthday.
simple past When was the Oak Street The Oak Street School Festival
School Festival? was last week.
Yoko went to the movies
Who went to the movies with you? with me.
future Why is Maria going to stay home?
Maria is going to stay home
because she is sick.
I am going to work at Ming's
Where are you going to work? Chinese Restaurant.


Period (.)
end of a statement
I go to school.
after an abbreviation Ave. Mr. St. Dr.
Question Mark (?)
end of a question How are you?
Exclamation Point (!)
after a strong sentence My room is very small!
Apostrophe (')
to show possession The girl's book is on the desk.
in a contraction he's it's isn't weren't didn't
Comma (,)
to separate things in a list Victoria, Yang, and I are classmates.
to separate adjectives The short, funny man is in the park.
between the day and year in a date July 4, 1776
between city and state Dallas, Texas
after the opening of a friendly letter Dear Roxana,
after the closing of a letter Sincerely,
A1 If' k
Capitalize the first word in a sentence. He is from Los Angeles.
Capitalize the pronoun I. 'Jose and I are best friends.
Capitalize proper nouns.
people George Washington
places Puebla, Mexico
days Monday
months February
holidays Thanksgiving
special events ympics
nationalities British
languages Spanish
schools
West High School
abbreviations Dr. Rd.
titles Step-by-Step Writing
142 Writer's Reference

you ar t s y u at?I ' e S C . Y U s ouia st y nome.
al ow
aloud perm tt d; ith perm
:'4'i1
n ['JI ' IA'L1J
i 1 p.1k
I E 1 sio out lou , sp ken I ( Be ng late i
s not d. The tudent gbetw eni clud d within n t e pace s
allowe r ad er po m aloud in cla s.amon epa ati g t o thing Amo g he ma y f iend
s, sh h ppy.The c t was etw en the al boreda class oom object fo wr ting o
e is l and he car.board nti ed, u in ere tedPlease wr te th answe
ro th bo rd. he class i ter s ing, a bore .buybyto
n is n t pa for om th ngn xt to
I bu ap r ev ry mor in . he cha r s by the do ti nth sense f s einga r al lo ation o one o
yan or. itesi ht iteto n ntern tI his e ort, he s udent ci
ewsp g ve c edit to s urc o informa tes several boo s. y igh is good.
I don gl sses Th inf rma ion i on ur Web site ck, with l ttle r in oo after
't need .des rtdes e tdry and f sa d nd ro a eal like cak or fruitT e S hara Des
ert in A ric .We had ap c ff e for essert.f rfo rwi h the
is ple pie an pur ose oft e nu ber 4I a
m bu t matoes or th sal d.T e bo h arhe eto recei e o nd wit the
ying y as fo r si ters. e rsat or in this pla eI ear th
f a police ar We ha rs.i 'sItsa ontrac ion of it ist e possessi
e so ve orm o it t s ra ni g t day,
und ve ived here or t n ea
but asn' y ster ay.The hou the used to sh w comp riso th ne t in an or
it w se as a tr e y its do r.than d r of ev ntsThe wea her s hott r han i
t was we t to schoo and th n I c pla eused to eg n st tement contr
last we t o o k.theirt ereth ac ion f the areT eir apa
ey'r th poss s ive form rtmen is on the second f oo .We w nt the
year.I o theyat or o spe ifi re afte scho l.There are wen y stu
de class od y.T ey're tir d in he d re tion of n add tion,
nts be ause they ra home toto as well al othe umb r 2Sh go s to Viet
in otw toward nam ev ry y ar. he bo
ok wa h movie was oo t o.P epast tense f bein or at which
s go eopl have tw l pla e, a ce tai loca ionW 're havi
od. T eg .w 'r werew erea c n raction of we ar ng di ner aft r wor
k.The e at the stor t is or o'swh sea c nt acti n f w o isth
y wer nin .Where are you ro ?wh e pos essi e orm o
f wh oin to come t our pa ty? u're the osse
oWho's Wh se coat is hi ?yo ryo
ssive f rm of you a cont acti n or
Writer's Reference 143

Paragraph Model
Friendly Letter Model Formal Letter Model
headin
(your street address
-
l l cny,es
- -' srare, ZIP coae
e
- , . . . .taore'
Dear : receiver srree' aaaressj
l ` c1y, srare, ZIp coae
t I n9 Dear
-1-
main idea and details) -
" . 0<
l
n9
SI-
Your friend, 'E- do

,
- lr L
.'.'.,,.> Sincerely,
Sincerely,
'U
e
O -
(your name)` si;n (your signature)

-
(your printed name)
r ' A . ] J IJT.,T.
Book with One Author city of
author title of book publication
publisher year
Crane, Stephen. The Red Ba e or L oura e. New York: Baronet Books, 1993.
Bo with Two Authors

city of
authors title of book publication pubi isher
-,: year
Berkow, Loren, and Barry Smith. ying the World. Boston: Goalpost Publishing, 2004.

Magazine title of magazine
l u , uage ! S '
author title of article
'
Bender, Ira. "Father of Five." Being Young. April 2007: 15-26.
Newspaper
title of newspap er
author title of article date page(s)
sill
Dunn, Allan. "The Perfect Career." Madison Daily. Feb. 23, 2006: E3.
Encyclopedia city of
article title
r
author of article
public a publishe
Pushkin, Marion. "Helen Keller." clooedia New York: Figurehead Publishing, 2008.
Web Site
publication
web page title web site name date URL web address
einle Publishin

:':
Look at the writing. Read the sentences below. Add your own criteria at the end of the list. Do
you agree with the sentences? Look at the score chart. Then, write a score next to each
sentence. Add comments.
Score Meaning
5 /\ strongly agree.
4 I agree. '
3 I have no opinion.
2 I disagree.
I -
I strongly disagree.
- - , ,'.8I,
Writer's Reference 145

-
Cr Score Comments -
e
..
- ,.Development
r
a
t
Ideas
IThe author answered the prompt completely.
-
IThe writing has a purpose or main idea.

All the ideas connect to a main idea.
IThe details support the main ideas.
The author shows an understanding of the topic. -
12. Organization -
- The writing has an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.
IThe ideas are in a logical order.
IThe paragraphs are well-organized.
- 3. Voice
- The author's voice is original.
J
-
IThe writing is interesting.

IThe writing addresses the correct audience. -
- 4.Fluency and Focus -

IThe writing maintains focus.
There are meaningful transitions between ideas.
- The sentences and paragraphs are clear and concise.
- There are different sentence types. -
- 5. Conventions
- The sentences use correct grammar.
- The words and phrases are specific and meaningful.
- The punctuation and capitalization are correct.
IThe spelling is correct.
- The author cites sources correctly. -
6. Presentation -
IThe presentation is in the correct format.
- The author included a title, name, and date.
- The first line of every paragraph is indented.
17. My Criteria
l
-
-
I
-
Total -
25 -
Grade (out of 5) -
5What your grade means: 4 -__________

'_
'_
'_
'_
'_
'_
'_
'
___________
3 __
ore

exceiient great good need incomplete -
praciuce

.
abbreviations, p. 85 Abbreviations are short forms of words. For exact phrase. p. 38 An exact phrase is used to find what you are
example, the abbreviation of the word Street is St. looking for on the Internet quotation marks are used around the
action, p. 71, 72, 111, 112 The action is what is happening exact phrase to narrow your search.
action verb, p. 17 An action verb tells what someone or something expository writing, p. 46 Expository writing explains, describes, or
does. gives information to an audience.
address, p. 85 An address gives the name and location of the receiv- exclamation point, p. 33 An exclamation point is a punctuation
er of a letter. mark used at the end of a sentence to make a statement stronger. It
adjective, p. 4, 16 An adjective describes a noun or a pronoun. looks like this: !
adverb, p. 44, 70 An adverb describes verbs or adjectives. Many first person, p. 112 In a first person narrative, the writer uses a per-
adverbs end in -ly son in the story to tell the story, using the pronouns I, me, we, and us
antonym, p. 108 An antonym is a word that has an opposite mean- form, p. 97 Form is the shape or style of something.
ing to another word. formal letter, p. 98 A formal letter gives more background informa-
article, p. 4 The article (a, an, or the) is before a noun. tion and uses more formal language than friendly letters. A formal
audience, p. 45, 97 The audience is a person who reads your work letter is usually used when a writer is writing to someone they don't
beginning, p. 111, 112 The beginning of a story introduces the know. Business letters and event invitations are examples of formal
story and tells about the setting and the characters. letters.
body, p. 85 The body is the message of a letter. friendly letter, p. 86, 98 A friendly letter is an informal letter that is
capitalize, p. 7, 43 To capitalize is to make small letters larger. written to a friend or family member.
Example: b -) B future tense, p. 95 The future tense of a verb tells about an action
categorize, p. 7 To categorize is to group similar ideas together by that will happen later, or in the future.
topic. general information, p. 71 General information gives information
characters, p. 71, 72, 111, 112 Characters are the people in a story. about a topic, like time and place
chronological order, p. 97 Chronological order is the order in greeting, p. 85 In the greeting of a letter, the writer says "hello" to
which events really happen in a story. the receiver.
cite, p. 24, 123 To cite is to tell where a writer got his or her infor- heading, p. 85 The heading gives the date of a letter.
matlon. highlight, p. 76 To highlight is to select a word or words by holding
click, p. 12 To click is to choose an online option with the mouse. down the left button on a mouse, running the arrow over the word
closing, p. 85 In the closing, the sender of a letter says "good-bye" or words, and then releasing the button.
to the receiver of the letter. hits, p. 38 Hits are the Web sites you find in a search on the
comparative adjectives, p. 94 Comparative adjectives compare two Internet.
people, places, or things. hyperlink, p. 12, 24, 38, 90, 102 A hyperlink is something you can
concluding sentence, p. 112 The concluding sentence ends the click on a Web page, opening a new Web site.
story and tells what it means. imperative form, p. 31 Imperative form gives a command or
connecting words, p. 45 A connecting word, like or &ut, and or instructions.
because,joins ideas or sentences. indent, p. 59 When you indent, you leave space before writing a
contraction, p. 5, 6, 17, 57 A contraction, like he's and can't, is one line of text.
word made from two words put together with an apostrophe informal message, p. 86 An informal message, like a friendly letter
copy, p. 76 On a computer, to copy text is the first step to transfer or an e-mail, is usually written to a friend or family member. It often
text from one place to another. To copy, use Ctrl+C or Command+C tells how the author is feeling and about recent events or activities.
count noun, p. 32 A count noun is a noun that you can count. It informational writing, p. 8 Informational writing gives information
has both singular and plural forms about a topic. Information forms, surveys, and reports are examples
description, p. 72 A description is the details of a person, place, of informational writing.
thing, or event. Internet, p. 12 The Internet is a world-wide computer network
descriptive adjectives, p. 68 Descriptive adjectives give details to journal, p. 72 Ajournal, or diary, is a book or Web site where you
help the reader visualize what a person, place, or thing is like. write about your experiences.
descriptive writing, p. 20, 72 Descriptive writing gives details and keyword, p. 12, 76 An keyword is used to search a topic on the
information about a topic. Internet.
details, p. 59 Details give more information about a main idea. location phrases, p. 68 A location phrase tells where something is
dictionary, p. 71 A dictionary is a list of words with their meanings. located.
download, p. 64 To download is to get files from the Internet onto main idea, p. 59 The main idea (or controlling idea) is the focus,
your computer central thought, or purpose of a paragraph
draft, p. 11, 23, 37, 49, 63, 89, 101, 115, 127 Adraft,likeafirst middle, p. 111, 112 The middle of a story gives details about the
draft, third draft, or final draft, is one version of writing. To draft, action or plot.
along with to revise, is step three of the writing process. narrative description, p. 20 A narrative description describes a part
edit, p. 12, 24, 38, 50, 64, 76, 90, 102, 116, 128 To edit is to make of your life, like your home or family.
writing better by making small changes. Editing is step four of the narrow, p. 38 To narrow is to reduce or limit your Internet search.
writing process. noncount noun, p. 32 A noncount noun is a noun that you cannot
e-mail, p. 86 An e-mail is an electronic message sent using the count. It does not have a plural form.
Internet. noun, p. 4 A noun is a person, place, or thing
end, p. 111, 112 The end of a story tells what the story means or open, p. 76 On a computer, to open a document or file means to
why it is important. make it appear on the screen for use.
end punctuation, p. 33 End punctuation, like a period, is the mark order of importance, p. 45 Order of importance gives central
at the end of a sentence to make written ideas clear. ideas first, and then less important ideas.
Glossary 147
ordinal numbers, p. 42 Ordinal numbers show the order or sequence sentence, p. 19 A sentence is a group of words that contains a sub-
in which something happens. Example: first, second, or last ject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.
organize, p. 10, 22, 36, 48, 62, 74, 88, 100, 114, 126 To organize is sequential order, p. 33 Sequential order tells the order of events.
to put something in order. To organize is step two of the writing sequence words, p. 33 Sequence words are used to show the order
process. of events.
paragraph, p. 59 A paragraph is a group of sentences about a topic. setting, p. 71, 72, 111, 112 Setting is the time and place of the
paraphrase, p. 123 To paraphrase is to retell in a writer's own words stor
information from a source. should or shouldn't, p. 58 Should or shouldn't are verbs used to
paste, p. 76 On the computer, to paste text is the second step to make suggestions.
transfer text from one place to another. To paste, use Ctrl+V or signal words, p. 45 Signal words, like too and as well, add informa-
Command+V. lion in a story
period, p. 33 A period is a punctuation mark that is a dot at the signature, p. 85 The signature is the signed name under the cbos-
end of a sentence. It looks like this: . ing in a letter.
persuasive writing, p. 60 In persuasive writing, the author tries to simple past tense. p. 8, 109 The simple past tense describes events
make an audience agree with the writer's opinion or actions completed in the past.
personal narrative, p. 112 A personal narrative tells a story from the simple present tense, p. 17 The simple present tense describes
author's point of view things that are generally true or happen regularly.
plot, p. 111 The plot is the series of main events that make up a simple verb tense, p. 121 Simple verb tense is a verb with no end-
story. ings or other changes. For example, walk, speak, and see are in the
plural form, p. 16 The plural form of a noun tells about more than simple verb tense.
one person, place, or thing. singular form, p. 16 The singular form of a noun names one per-
point of view, p. 112 A point of view is the way the narrator looks at son, place, or thing.
or understands something source, p. 24, 123 A source is the place where the writer got the
possessive adjective, p. 18 A possessive adjective is the possessive information used in his or her writing.
form of a personal pronoun, such as my, your, his, her thei or ouc spatial order, p. 19 Spatial order gives information by location, or
possessive noun, p. 18 A possessive noun is the name of an owner. space.
Posessive nouns include an apostrophe. Example: Francisco's book specific details, p. 71 Specific details give more exact information
preposition. p. 18 A preposition is a short connecting word, such as about a subject.
to, from, with, and in, that shows how two things or ideas are related. statement with be, p. 5 A statement with be is a sentence using a
prepositional phrases, p. 44 A prepositional phrase starts with a form of the verb to be. Example: Francisco is a student.
preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. Prepositional phras- statement with There isj There are, p. 57 A statement with there
es are used to show location, time, or description is/there are is a sentence using the simple present tense of the verb
present continuous tense, p. 69 The present continuous tense tells to be. There is is used with singular nouns and noncount nouns.
what is happening right now. There are is used with plural nouns
pre-write, p. 10, 22, 36, 48, 62, 74, 88, 100, 114, 126 To pre-write is stories, p. 72 Stories are pieces of writing that are made up in the
to take notes about what you are going to write about. Pre-writing is writer's mind.
the first step of the writing process subject, p. 19 The subject tells who or what the sentence is about
print, p. 64 To print from a computer is to put words or images subject pronoun, p. 6 A subject pronoun is used in place of a
onto paper noun that is the subject of a sentence.
pronoun, p. 70 A pronoun a word that takes place of a noun, like subject-verb agreement, p. 122 The subject-verb agreement rule
he, she, it, we, or they. states that the subject and verb in a sentence must agree in
publish, p. 12, 24, 38, 50, 64, 76, 90, 102, 116, 128 To publish a number.
piece of writing, the final draft is hand-written or typed on the com-- summary, p. 124 A summary gives the facts and main ideas from a
puter for an audience to read. To publish is the last step of the writ- longer passage or story.
ing process. summary paragraph, p. 123 A summary paragraph tells the main
purpose, p. 97 The purpose is why the writer is writing ideas and the important details from a longer passage
quantity adjectives, p. 58 quantity adjectives are adjectives that tell superlative adjectives, p. 94 Superlative adjectives compare three
the amount, or how many, of a noun there is. Example: Many books; or more people, places, or things.
some students. supporting sentence, p. 59, 60, 112 A supporting sentence gives
question mark, p. 33 A question mark is a punctuation mark at the details or more information about the topic.
end of a sentence to show that the sentence asks a question. It looks synonyms. p. 56,108 Synonym is a word that has the same or simi-
like this: ? lar meaning to another word.
receiver, p. 85, 86 The receiver is the person who a letter is written technical writing, p. 34 Technical writing often gives instructions.
for. It sometimes explains how to do a procedure.
return address, p. 85 A return address gives the name and location time expressions, p. 82 Time expressions tell when something
of the writer of a letter. happens or how long something lasts.
results bar, p. 38 The results bar shows the information that is timeline. p. 97 A timeline organizes events by time.
searched for on the Internet. It is located at the top of the topic, p. 7, 45, 59, 97 A topic is what the paragraph or story is
Web page. about.
revise, p. 11, 23, 37, 49, 63, 75, 89, 101, 115, 127 To revise is to topic sentence, p. 59, 60, 112, 123 A topic sentence is the sen-
make changes to your draft of writing to improve it. To revise, along tence that gives the main idea of the paragraph.
with to draft, is step three of the writing process. thesaurus, p. 56 A thesaurus groups words together into synonyms
search, p. 12, 24 To search is to look up information on the and antonyms.
Internet. verb, p. 17, 19 The verb tells the action of the subject.
search engine, p. 12 A search engine is used to look up information wh- questions, p. 43, 110 Vl'7s-questions, like who, what, when, where,
on the Internet. and how, are questions that ask for information
sensory adjectives, p. 56 Sensory adjectives describe how things transition words, p. 111 Transition words connect sentences and
smell, feel, taste, sound, and look. ideas.
148 Glossary

Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics Possessive adjectives, 18

Prepositional phrases, 44
Adjective, 4 Prepositions, 18
possessive form, 18 Present continuous tense, 69
quantity, 58 Present tense, 69
Adverbs, 70
subject-verb agreement, 122
frequency, 44 verbs, 121
Affirmative Pronouns
future tense with be going to, 95 object, 70
imperative sentences, 31
subject, 6
should and shouldn't, 58
Requests and invitations, 96
simple past tense of regular verbs, 83 formal and informal, 96
simple present tense sentences, 17 Sentences
statements with be, 5 affirmative, simple present tense, 17
there is/there are statements, 57
imperative, 31
with be and have, 84
negative, simple present tense, 17
Article, 4
simple present tense, 17
Contractions, 5, 6, 17
supporting, 59
Count nouns, 32
topic, 59
Future tense
Should and shouldn't, 58
subject-verb agreement, 122 Simple past tense
use of be going to, 95 irregular verbs, 109
verbs, 121 verbs, 83
Imperative with be and have, 84
sentences, 31
Simple present tense, 69
Irregular verbs, 109 imperative, 31
Names, 6 sentences, 17
Negative Simple verb tenses
future tense with be going to, 95 future, 121
imperative sentences, 31 past, 121
should and shouldn't, 58
present, 121
simple past tense of regular verbs, 83
Subject pronouns, 6
simple present tense sentences, 17 Subject-verb agreement, 122
statements with be, 5 There is/there are statements, 57
there is/there are statements, 57 noncount nouns, 57
with be and have, 84 Verbs
Noncount nouns, 32
irregular, 109
quantity adjectives, 58 simple past tense, 83
there is/there are statements, 58
J4'7z- questions, 43
Noun, 4, 70 with past tense, 110
count and noncount, 32
plural count, 58
Writing Conventions and Strategies
possessive adjectives and, 18
Object pronouns, 70 Abbreviations, 85
Past tense, 121 Address, 85
Index 149
(
Adjectives Adjectives, 4
comparative, 94 descriptive, 68
superlative, 94 placement after verb be, 16
Audience, 97 placement before a noun, 16
Capitalization sensory, 56
first word of every sentence, 7 Antonyms, 108
important words in titles, 7 Article, 4
languages, 7 Days of the week, 82
names of people and places, 7 Descriptive adjectives, 68
Cite, 123 Location phrases, 68
Comparative adjectives, 94 Months, 42
Complete sentence, 19 capitalization of, 43
Connecting words, 45 Names, 6
Exclamation point, 33 Noun, 4
Form, 97 plural, 16
Mailing addresses, 85 singular, 16
Paragraphs, 59 use of the before, 4
indentation, 59 Plural noun, 16
Period, 33 Sensory adjectives, 56
Punctuation Singular noun, 16
end, 33 Synonyms, 57, 108
Purpose, 97 Verb, 17, 19
question mark, 33 Vowels
Return address, 85 use of article before, 4
Sentences
capitalization, 7 Writing
complete, 19
Action, 112
punctuation usage, 33
Beginning
subject, 19
personal narrative, 112
structure of, 19
Capitalization, 7
use of signal and connecting words, 45
months, 43
Signal words, 45
Captions, 2
Spelling, 71
Characters, 112
using dictionary or spell check, 71
Sources Concluding sentence, 112
citing, 123 Descriptive writing, 20, 72

family album example, 21
Superlative adjectives, 94
paragraph example, 73
Supporting sentences, 59
E-mail, 86
End
Topic, 97
Topic sentence, 59
Transition words, 111 Expository writing, 46
time, 111 celebration poster example, 47
First person, 112
Formal letter, 98
Vocabulary and Language
example of, 99
Action verbs, 17 Friendly letters, 86, 98
simple present tense, 30 example of, 87, 98
150 Index
Group writing, 25, 51, 103, 129 Plot, 111
Informal message, 86 Receiver, 85
Informational writing, 8 Setting, 71, 111
survey example, 9 Sequence words, 33
Middle Sequential order, 33
personal narrative, 112 Signature, 85
Personal narrative, 112 Spatial order, 19
student model, 113 Specific details, 71
Persuasive writing, 60 Story
paragraphs example, 61 beginning, middle, and end of, 111
Point of view, 112 Summary paragraph, 123
Receiver, 86 Supporting sentences, 59
Self-check, 26, 52, 78, 104, 130 Timeline, 97
Setting, 112 Topics, 7
Subject, 19 order of importance and, 45
Step-by-step, 10-12, 22-24, 36-38, 48-50, 62-64, Topic sentence, 59, 123
74-76, 88-90, 100-2, 114-16, 126-28
Summaries, 124
example of, 125 Techn ogy
Supporting sentences, 112
Access date, 24
Technical writing, 34
E-cards, 90
recipe poster example, 35
E-mail
Timed writing, 26, 52, 78, 104, 130
Topic sentence, 112 sending, 90
Events
finding local, 102
Organization Hits, 38
Action, 71, 111 Hyperlink, 12, 24, 38
Beginning (of a story), 111 Information
Body, 85 finding specific, 116
Categorize Internet
information, 7 citing sources, 24
Characters, 71, 111 finding maps on, 64
Chronological order, 97 Keyword search, 12
End (of a story), 111 expanding, 50
General information, 71 narrowing, 50
General to specific, 71 Maps
Greeting, 85 finding online, 64
Heading, 85 Online resources
Main idea and detail, 59 comparing, 76
Middle (of a story), 111 Publication date, 24
Order of importance, 45 Reliable sources, 128
audience and, 45 Quotation marks, 38
topic and, 45 Teb page title, 24
Paragraph, 59 Teb site, 38
Paraphrasing, 123 name, 24
Parts of a letter, 85 URL, 24
Index 151

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- .

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Jennifer Runner Alicia Bartol-Thomas

Patricia Levine Vivian K. Kahn

Teresa Arvizu Sharolyn Hutton Diana Sefchik

M. Darn'elle Bragaw Barbara Ishida Malgorzata Stone

Gary Bechtold Dana Liebowitz Alison Tepper

Maria Celis Barbara M. Linde Mark Trzasko

Dana Dusbiber Mary Susan Osborn-Iratene Clara Wolfe

Units 1 & 2 page 25

Practice Pages Group Writing

8 Invite People to Writing a Formal Chronological Order: Planning:

Practice Pages Group Writing uLr

foods imperative statements narrowing a keyword

. celebration words ' wh- questions and answers expanding a keyword

Timed Writing Self-Check

things in a neighborhood There is / There are finding maps online

' descriptive adjectives present continuous comparing online

Timed Writing Self-Check

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To The Student VII

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Step 5: Publish / Techn gy

viii To The Student

Q Discuss. Find these people, places, and things on page 3.

desk teacher building classroom

Feo pie nraces ThThgs

O D Read. Read the information.

0 Write captions Write a sentence for each picture on page 3.

Name: Francisco Garcia

2 Step-by-Step Writing Book 1

Age: 15 years old

Unit I Give Information about Yourself 3

O Circle the articles in the sentences. Then complete the

3. Francisco and Mrs. Moore are in an