Department of ECE

Course File

II B. Tech-I SEM
Sub : Analog Electronics
Code : EC302ES

Academic Year 2017-18

Regulation: R16

1
 Vision and Mission

Vision
The Electronics and Communication Engineering Department strives to be
recognized globally through quality education producing well-qualified Engineers who are
innovative in research, possessing modern skills, ethically strong, empire-building with
goal.

Mission

To create knowledgeable and skilled graduates with strong fundamentals, through

Mission#1
rigorous teaching , learning and assessment process that develops the ability to solve
problems individually and work in teams

To create professional leaders for the society with research attitudes in the core areas of
Mission#2
electronics and communication with collaborations to impact quality of academics,
industry and social needs.

To create competent technical man power with ethical values, leadership qualities
Mission#3
serving the professional and societal problems.

2
 Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) :

To exhibit professional competency in Electronics and Communication

PEO#1
Engineering with good foundation in Mathematics and basic sciences.

To possess lifelong learning process and augment their engineering skills for new
PEO#2
challenges with sustainability.

PEO#3 To have effective communication skills and work in multidisciplinary teams.

Program Outcomes (POs) :

Utilize the basic knowledge in mathematics, science and engineering in

PO#1 Electronics and Communication Engineering field.

Identify, formulate and solve complex problems to achieve

PO#2
demonstrated conclusions using mathematical principles and
engineering sciences

Design system components that meet the requirement of public safety

PO#3 and offer solutions to the societal and environmental concerns.

Apply research based knowledge to design and conduct experiments,

analyze, synthesize and interpret the data pertaining to Electronics
PO#4
and Communication Engineering problems and arrive at valid
conclusions.
3
 Construct, choose and apply the techniques, resources and modern
PO#5 engineering tools required for Electronics and Communication
Engineering applications.

. Apply the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety and

PO#6 cultural issues and endure the consequent responsibilities relevant to
the professional engineering practice.

. Examine the impact of engineering solutions in global and

PO#7
environmental contexts and utilize the knowledge for sustained
development

. Develop consciousness of professional, ethical and social

PO#8
responsibilities as experts in the field of Electronics and
Communication Engineering
PO#9
Perform effectively as a member/leader in multidisciplinary teams.

Communicate the engineering activities to engineering society for

PO#10 documentation and presentation.

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and

PO#11 management principles to manage projects in multidisciplinary
environment.

Demonstrate resourcefulness for contemporary issues and lifelong

learning.
PO#12

4
Program Specific Objectives (PSOs) :

To analyze specific engineering problems relevant to Electronics and

PSO#1 communication engineering by applying the knowledge of basic
sciences, mathematics and engineering fundamentals.

To Design electronics and electronic & communication sytems,

PSO#2 applying analytical knowledge in electronics & communication
engineering by using modern IT tools.

To apply contextual knowledge of electronics and communication

PSO#3 engineering assessing environmental ,societal, & ethical impact in
solving the real engineering problems

To manage different projects in multi-disciplinary environment

exhibiting good communication and documentation skills with life
PSO#4 long learning.

5
 ANALOG ELECTRONICS

Course Objectives:

1.To introduce circuit realizations with components such as diodes, BJTs and transistors

studied earlier.

2.To give understanding of various types of amplifier circuits such as small signals ,

cascaded, large signal and tuned amplifiers.

3.To familiarize the Concept of feedback in amplifiers so as to differentiate between

negative and positive feedback.

Course Outcomes:

1.Design and analyze small signal amplifier circuits applying the biasing techniques learnt
earlier.

2.Cascade different amplifier configurations to obtain the required overall specifications like
Gain, Bandwidth, Input and Output interfacing Impedances.

3.Design and realize different classes of Power Amplifiers and tuned amplifiers useable for
audio and Radio applications.

4.Utilize the Concepts of negative feedback to improve the stability of amplifiers and positive
feedback to generate sustained oscillations.

6
UNIT-I

AnalysisAnd Design of Small Signal Low Frequency BJT Amplifiers:

Review of transistor biasing, Classification of Amplifiers Distortion in amplifiers, Analysis

of CE, CC, and CB Amplifiers and CE Amplifier with emitter resistance, low frequency
response of BJT Amplifiers, effect of coupling and bypass capacitors, Design of single stage
RC coupled amplifier Different coupling schemes used in amplifiers, Analysis of Cascaded
RC Coupled amplifiers, Cascode amplifier, Darlington pair,

UNIT II

Transistor at High Frequency:

The Hybrid- pi ( ) Common Emitter transistor model, CE short circuit current gain, current
gain with resistive load, single stage CE transistor amplifier response, Gain-bandwidth
product.

UNIT III

FET Amplifiers:

Analysis of JFET Amplifiers, Analysis of CS, CD, CG JFET Amplifiers, comparison of

performance with BJT Amplifiers, Basic Concepts of MOS Amplifiers, MOSFET
MOSFET Characteristics in Enhancement and Depletion mode MOS Small signal model,
Common source amplifier with resistive, Diode connected and Current source loads, Source
follower, Common Gate Stage, Cascode and Folded Cascode Amplifier frequency
response.

UNIT IV

Positive & Negative Feedback in Amplifiers:

Classification of amplifiers, Concepts of feedback Classification of feedback amplifiers

General characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers Effect of Feedback on Amplifier
characteristics Voltage series, Voltage shunt, Current series and Current shunt Feedback
configurations Simple problems. Condition for oscillations. RC and LC type Oscillators
Frequency and amplitude stability of oscillators Generalized analysis of LC oscillators,
Quartz, Hartley, and Colpitts Oscillators RC-phase shift and Wien-bridge oscillators.

7
UNIT V

Large Signal Amplifiers:

Class A Power Amplifier, Maximum Value of Efficiency for Class A Amplifier,

Transformer Coupled Amplifier, Push Pull and Complimentary Symmetry Class B and Class
AB Power Amplifiers Principle of operation of class C Amplifier, Transistor Power
Dissipation, Heat Sinks.

Tuned Amplifiers: Introduction, Q-Factor, Small Signal Tuned Amplifiers, frequency

response of tuned amplifiers

TEXT BOOKS:

1.Electronic Devices and Circuits, David A. Bell 5th Edition, Oxford.

2.Electronic Devices and Circuits, S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar, A Vallvaraj, 5th
Edition, MC GRAW HILL EDUCATION.
3.Electronics circuits and applications , Md H Rashid, Cengage 2014

REFERENCES:

1.Integrated Electronics, Jacob Millman, Christos C Halkias, McGraw Hill Education

2.Electronic Devices and Circuits theory Robert L. Boylestead, Louis Nashelsky, 11th
Edition, 2009, Pearson.

3.Electronic Devices Conventional and current version-

8
 NARSIMHA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Maisammaguda, Dhullapally,Secunderabad. 500100
LESSON PLAN
Branch: ECE Class: B.Tech II/I Subject: AE
Faculty Name: K.Lakshmi Academic Year: 2017-18

Method of
Topic as per Teaching
S. Tentative Topic Actually Suggested Page
JNTUH
No Date Covered Book No Black Board /
Syllabus
PPT

UNIT-I

Classification of Classification of p.332-

1 18-july-17 amplifiers amplifiers R5 33 BB
Distortion in
Distortion in amplifiers amplifiers
Analysis of CE Analysis of CE P.289-
2 22-july-176 configuration configuration R5 91 BB
with simplified Hybrid with simplified Hybrid
model model
Analysis of CC Analysis of CC P.292-
3 7-Dec-16 configuration configuration R5 93 BB
with simplified Hybrid with simplified Hybrid
model model
Analysis of CB Analysis of CB P.294-
4 9-Dec-16 configuration configuration R5 95 BB
with simplified Hybrid with simplified Hybrid
model model
Analysis of CE Analysis of CE P.311-
5 13-Dec-16 amplifier amplifier R5 12 BB
with emitter resistance with emitter resistance
Analysis of CE Analysis of CE P.324-
6 14-Dec-16 amplifier amplifier R5 25 BB
with emitter follower with emitter follower
Millers theorem and its Millers theorem and its P.333-
7 16-Dec-16 dual, dual, R5 38 BB
Design of single stage Design of single stage
RCcoupled amplifier RCcoupled amplifier
using BJT using BJT BB
Analysis of cascaded Analysis of cascaded P.386-
16 17-Dec-16 RC RC R5 97 BB
coupled BJT amplifiers coupled BJT amplifier
P.413-
17 19-Dec-16 Cascode amplifier Cascode amplifier R5 15 BB
Darlington pair, Darlington pair,
18 20-Dec-16 Different coupling Different coupling R5 P.398- BB
9
 schemes schemes 04
used in amps used in amps
RCcoupled amp, RCcoupled amp,
Transformer coupled Transformer coupled
amplifier, amplifier,
Direct coupled P.404-
19 21-Dec-16 Direct coupled amplifier amplifier R5 07 BB

UNIT-II
BJT ampifiers- BJT ampifiers- P.418-
1 23-Dec-16 Frequency Frequency R5 22
Response:
Response: Logarithms, Logarithms,
Decibels, Decibels,
General freq General freq P.422-
2 24-Dec-16 considerations considerations R5 23 BB
Frequency response
Frequency response of of
BJT amplifiers, BJT amplifiers,
Analysis at low Analysis at low P.424-
3 27-Dec-16 frequencies frequencies R5 27 BB
Analysis at high Analysis at high
frequencies frequencies
Effect of coupling P.430-
4 28-Dec-16 Effect of coupling and and R5 35 BB
bypass capacitors, bypass capacitors,
the hybrid common the hybrid common P.435-
5 30-Dec-16 emitter emitter R5 43 BB
transistor model transistor model
CE short circuit current CE short circuit
gain, current gain,
current gain with current gain with P.444-
6 31-Dec-16 resistive load resistive load R5 46 BB
single stage CE single stage CE P.303-
7 2-Jan-17 transistor transistor R5 05 BB
amplifier response , amplifier response ,
gain Bandwidth gain Bandwidth
product, product,
emitter follower at emitter follower at P.450-
9 3-Jan-17 higher higher R5 52 BB
frequencies. frequencies.
P.346-
10 4-Jan-17 Basic concepts, Basic concepts, R5 47 BB
MOS Small signal MOS Small signal
model , model ,
Common source Common source P.340-
11 6-Jan-17 amplifier amplifier R5 41 BB
with resistive load with resistive load
UNIT-III
Concepts of Concepts of P.530-
1 10-Jan-17 feedback, feedback, R5 38 BB
classification of classification of
feedback amps feedback amps
10
 general general
characteristics of characteristics of
negative feedback negative feedback
amplifiers amplifiers
effect of feedback on effect of feedback P-545-
2 11-Jan-17 amps on amps R5 47 BB
characteristics, voltage characteristics,
series, voltage series,
voltage shunt voltage shunt
current series and current series and P.548-
3 17-Jan-17 current current R5 52 BB
shunt feedback shunt feedback
configurations configurations
iiustrative problems iiustrative P.553-
4 20-Jan-17 problems R5 74
Classification of Classification of P.578-
5 20-Feb-17 oscillators oscillators R5 80 BB
condition for condition for
oscillators, oscillators,
RC phase shift RC phase shift P.593-
6 22-Feb-17 oscillator oscillator R5 95 BB
generalized analysis generalized P.580-
7 24-Feb-17 of LC analysis of LC R5 82 BB
oscillators, oscillators,
Hartley and Colpitts Hartley and P.582-
8 3-Mar-17 oscillators, Colpitts oscillators R5 87 BB
Wein bridge &
9 6-Mar-17 Wein bridge & Crystal Crystal
Oscilllators oscilllators
stability of stability of
10 7-Mar-17 oscillators. oscillators. R5 P.613 BB

UNIT-IV

Classification , Class Classification ,

1 !0-Mar-7 A large Class A large R5 . BB
signal amplifiers signal amplifiers
15-Mar- transformer coupled transformer
2 17 class A coupled class A R5 P.471-72 BB
Audio power
Audio power amplifier, amplifier,
17-Mar- Efficiency of class A Efficiency of class
3 17 amplifier A amplifier R5 P.473-74 BB
20-Mar- Efficiency of class B Efficiency of class
4 17 amplifier B amplifier R5 P.476-78 BB
22-Mar- Class B push pull Class B push pull
5 17 amplifier, amplifier, R5 P.478-79 BB
23-Mar- Complementary Complementary
6 17 symmetry symmetry R5 P.480-82 BB
class B push pull class B push pull
amplifier amplifier
27-Mar- distortion in power distortion in power
7 17 amplifiers amplifiers R5 P.46872 BB
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 28-Mar- thermal stability and
17 heat sinks
UNIT-V
Introduction of tuned Introduction of tuned
1 4-Apr-17 amps,Q factor amps, R5 P.493-96 BB
Small signal Tuned Small signal Tuned
2 5-Apr-17 amplifiers amplifiers R5 P.497-03 BB
Effect of cascading Effect of cascading
3 7-Apr-17 single Tuned single Tuned R5 P.512-13
amplifiers on amplifiers on
Bandwidth Bandwidth
effect of cascading effect of cascading
4 8-Apr-17 Double Tuned Double Tuned R5 P.513-14 BB
amplifiers on amplifiers on
Bandwidth, Bandwidth,
Stagger tuned Stagger tuned
5 10-Apr-17 amplifiers amplifiers R5 P.514-15 BB
stability of tuned stability of tuned
6 11-Apr-17 amplifiers amplifiers R5 P.519-21 BB
7 12-Apr-17 Problems Problems R5 P.525-28 BB

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Integrated Electronics - by J. Millman and C.C. Halkias, -1991 ed 2008 TMH. (Tl)
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits - by B.P. Singh, Rekha Singh, pearson,2013 (T2)
3. Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits- Behzad Razavi,2008,TMH. (T3)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Electronic Circuit Analysis-Rashid, Cengagelearning2013 (Rl)

2. Electronic Devices and Circuits Theory-Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky,
PHI, 9th 2008 (R2)
3. Micro Electronic Circuits - by Sedra A.S. and K.C. Smith, Oxford University Press,
5th Edition (R3)
4. Electronic Devices and Circuits - by K. Lal Kishore, 2004 BSP. (R4)
5. Electronic Devices and Circuits - by S.Salivahanan, N.Suresh Kumar,A.Vallavaraj,
2009 ,TMH. (R5)
6. Electronic Circuit Analysis - A.P.Godse- Technical Publications (R6)
7. Electronic Devices and Circuits - by G K Mittal Kanna Publications (R7)
8. Electronic Circuit Analysis--by K. Lal Kishore(R8)

Faculty HOD Principal

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 TIME TABLE (2017-2018) -I SEM
Faculty Name: Ms. P. Surekha

1 2 3 4 5 6

HOUR/D 9:30- 10:30- 11:30- 12:30- 1:15- 2:15-

3:15-4:15
AY 10:30 11:30 12:30 1:15 2:15 3:15

MON EDC Lab-II B(Batch I)

TUE II ECA-B EDC Lab-II A(Batch I)

WED EDC Lab-II B(Batch II)

LUNCH

THU EDC Lab-II A(Batch II) II ECA-B

FRI II ECA-B

SAT II ECA-B

HOD

13
 Short Answer Questions
UNIT-I

Analysis and Design of Small signal low frequency BJT amplifiers

1 .Reason out the causes and results of Phase & Frequency distortions in transistor
amplifiers.

2. Analyze what the output voltage should be if the DC power supply given to a CE amplifier is
shorted to ground.

3. State Millers theorem Explain its signficance in transistor circuit analysis.

4. What is non-linear distortion? List the causes for this type of distortion in amplifiers.

5.Draw the circuit diagram of a common collector amplifier along with its equivalent circuit.
Derive expressions of its ckt parameters.

6. Compare all the three types of coupling mechanisms

7. Compare a single stage emitter follower and Darlington emitter follower ckt

8. With the help of a neat circuit diagram, derive the expressions of performance parameters
of a CE-CC amplifier ckt.

9. A transistor in CB circuit has the following set of `h' parameters. hib = 20, hfb = 0.98, hrb =
3*10-4, hob = 0.5*10-6. Find the values the ckt parameters if Rs = 600 and RL= 1.5 k.

10.With the help of a neat circuit diagram, describe the working of a darlington emitter follower
circuit.

14
 UNIT-II

Transistor at high frequency

1. Explain in detail, why a low frequency h-parameter model cannot be

Used for high frequencies analysis.

2. Draw the high frequency CE model of a transistor

3. Explain the significance of two capacitors in hybrid- model giving their typical values.

4.A transistor amplifier in CE configuration is operating at high frequency with the

following specifications: fT= 6 MHz, gm = 0.04 mhos, hfe = 50, rbb = 100, Rs = 500 ,
CC = 10pF, RL = 100 . Compute the voltage gain, upper 3 dB cut off frequency and gain
bandwidth product.

5..The hybrid - parameters of the transistor at room temperature & for Ic = 1.3mA are gm = 50
mA/V, rbe = 1K, rbb = 100 , rbc = 4 M, rce = 80K, Cc= 3PF & Ce = 100 PF. Using Miller's theorem
and the approximate analysis compute the upper 3dB frequency of the current gain and magnitude of
the voltage gain at that frequency.

UNIT- III

1.Why N-channel FETs have a better response than P-channel FETs

2.

15
 UNIT-IV

Positive and negative feedback in amplifiers

1. If negative feedback with a feedback factor, of 0.01 is introduced into an amplifier with a
a gain of 200 and bandwidth of 6 MHz, obtain the resulting bandwidth of the feedback amp

2. With the help of a suitable BJT based voltage series feedback amplifier diagram, explain
the features and benefits of negative feedback in amplifiers.

3. If the non-linear distortion in a negative feedback amplifier with an open loop gain of 100
is reduced from 40% to 10%with feedback, compute the feedback factor, of the amplifier.

4. The and the open loop gain of an amplifier are -10% and -80 respectively. By how much
% the closed loop gain changes if the open loop gain increases by 25%?

5. Compare the characteristics of feedback amplifiers in all the four configurations.

6. Reason out why 2 stages are required to implement current shunt feedback.

7. a)An amplifier has a gain of 50 with negative feedback. For a specified output voltage, if
the input required is 0.1V without feedback and 0.8V with feedback, Compute and open
loop gain.

8. Through the block schematics, show four types of negative feedback in amplifiers.

9. List the advantages of negative feedback in amplifiers.

10. Distinguish between regenerative and degenerative feedback in amplifiers.

16
 UNIT-V

Large signal amplifiers and Tuned amplifiers

1.Explain the classification of power amplifiers based on the degree of conduction of

the active device

2.With the help of neat diagram and graphical representation explain the operation of
class-A power amplifier (transformer load).

3. With the help of neat diagram and graphical representation explain the operation of
Class A power amplifier resistive load

4.With the help of neat diagram and graphical representation explain the operation of
Class B power amplifier push pull configuration

5. With the help of neat diagram and graphical representation explain the operation of
Class B power amplifier complementary symmetry

6. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of class-A (resistive load) and class-A
(transformer load) power amplifiers

7. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of class-B push pull and class-B
complementary symmetry power amplifiers

8. classify tuned amplifiers

9.Mention the characteristics of tuned amplifiers.

10.Discuss about Heat Sinks for power amplifiers.

11. State the functions and frequency ranges of operation of tuned amplifiers with
Relevant reasons

17
 UNIT-V

TUNED AMPLIFIERS

1. classify tuned amplifiers

2. Mention the characteristics of tuned amplifiers.

. 3.Compare single tuned capacitive coupled, tapped tuned, and inductive coupled
Amplifiers

4.Compare single tuned and double tuned amplifiers.

5. Explain the operation of stagger tuned amplifiers.

6. Explain why tuned amplifiers cannot be used for amplification of low frequencies?

7. State the functions and frequency ranges of operation of tuned amplifiers with
Relevant reasons

8. With neat diagram, explain the operation of single tuned inductive coupled amplifier

9. With neat diagram, explain the operation of single tapped tuned amplifier

10. With neat diagram, explain the operation of double tuned amplifier

18
 Long Answer Questions
UNIT-I

Analysis and Design of Small signal low frequency BJT amplifiers

1.For the circuit shown in figure , estimate the circuit parameters. All capacitors have
negligible reactance at the test frequency, hie = 1k, hfe = 99, hre , hoe are
negligible

2. For the CB amplifier circuit shown compute RIN and ROUT if C1 is

i) Connected ii) Not connected The h-parameters of the transistor in CE
configuration are listed as: hie = 2.1K, hfe = 81, hoe = 1.66 A/V and hre is
negligibly small.

19
3. a) State Millers theoremExplain its signficance in transistor circuit analysis.
b) What is non-linear distortion? List the causes for this type of distortion in
amplifiers

4.Draw the circuit diagram of a common collector amplifier along with its equivalent
circuit. Derive expressions of its ckt parameters.

5. For the amplifier shown, calculate the ckt parameters. The h- parameter values are
hfe = 50, hie = 1.1K, hre = 2.5x10 - 4, hoe = 24 A/V.

20
 6. Derive expressions for performance parameters of a two-stage RC coupled amplifier
using both simplified and exact hybrid model.

7. Derive expressions for performance parameters of a cascode amplifier

8. With the help of a neat circuit diagram, derive the expressions of

performance parameters of a CE-CC amplifier ckt.

9. With the help of a neat circuit diagram, describe the working of a darlington emitter follower
circuit. Derive expressions for performance parameters of a Darlington emitter
follower circuit.

10.Discuss the effect on gain and bandwidth when n-identical amplifiers are cascaded

21
 UNIT-II

Transistor at high frequency

1.(a) Explain in detail, why a low frequency h-parameter model cannot be used for high
frequencies analysis.
(b) Draw the high frequency CE model of a transistor and explain the validity and
importance of each element present in the hybrid- model.
(c) Explain the significance of two capacitors in hybrid- model giving their typical values.

2. Derive the expressions for all the elements present in the hybrid- model.

3.Derive the expression for the Short circuit current gain

4.Derive the expression for the Current gain with resistive load

5. Explain in detail the frequency response of a CE amplifier considering the low frequency
and high frequency analysis.

6. Discuss the effect of coupling and bypass capacitors on the frequency response of the CE
amplifier.

7. Explain in detail the frequency response single stage CE transistor amplifier(voltage and
current gain).

8. Explain the term gain bandwidth product (voltage and current gain band width product )

9. Explain with neat diagram an emitter follower at high frequencies.

22
 UNIT-IV

Positive and negative feedback in amplifiers

1. With the help of a suitable BJT based voltage series feedback amplifier diagram, explain
the features and benefits of negative feedback in amplifiers.

2. Draw the circuit diagram of a current series feedback amplifier, Derive expressions to
show the effect of negative feedback on input & output impedances, bandwidth, distortion
of the amplifier.

3.(a)An amplifier has a gain of 50 with negative feedback. For a specified output voltage, if
the input required is 0.1V without feedback and 0.8V with feedback, Compute and
open loop gain.
b) Through the block schematics, show four types of negative feedback in amplifiers.
c) List the advantages of negative feedback in amplifiers.

4. Draw the circuit of a voltage series feedback circuit and explain it.

5. Draw a feedback amplifiers in block diagram form and explain each block giving its
function.

6. Deduce the Barkausen Criterion for the generation of sustained oscillations. How are the
oscillations initiated?

7. Derive the expression for the frequency of Hartely & Colpitt oscillators.

8. Derive the expression for the frequency of Wein Bridge Oscillators.

9. Draw the circuit and explain the principle of operation of RC phase-shift oscillator circuit..
What is the frequency range of generation of oscillations? Derive the expression for the
frequency of oscillations

10. A Hartley oscillator is designed with L = 20H and a variable capacitance. Find the
Range of capacitance values if the frequency of oscillation is varied between 950 KHz to
2050 KHz.

23
 UNIT-V

Large signal amplifiers and Tuned amplifiers

1.With the help of neat diagram and graphical representation explain the operation of class-A
power amplifier (resistive load). Derive the expression for efficiency and calculate the
value of maximum efficiency.

2.With the help of neat diagram and graphical representation explain the operation of class-A
power amplifier (transformer load). Derive the expression for efficiency and calculate the
value of maximum efficiency.

3.With the help of neat diagram and graphical representation explain the operation of class-B
power amplifier (push-pull configuration). Derive the expression for efficiency and calculate
the value of maximum efficiency.

4.With the help of neat diagram and graphical representation explain the operation of class-B
power amplifier (complementary-symmetry). Derive the expression for efficiency and
calculate the value of maximum efficiency

5. a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of class-A (resistive load) and class-A
(transformer load)power amplifiers.
b) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of class-B push pull and class-B
complementary symmetry power amplifiers.

6. a) Discuss about the distortion present in power amplifiers. Derive the expression for the
total amount of distortion present in the amplifiers.
b) Explain how even harmonic distortion can be reduced in a Class B push-pull configured
amplifier

7. Explain the origin of crossover distortion. Describe various methods to minimize this
distortion.

8. A single stage class A amplifier Vcc=20V, VCEQ =10V, ICQ =600mA, RL=16 . The ac
output current varies by 300mA, with the ac input signal. Calculate
i) The power supplied by the dc source to the amplifier circuit.
ii) AC power consumed by the load resistor.
iii) AC power developed across the load resistor.
iv) DC power wasted in transistor collector.
v) Overall efficiency
vi) Collector efficiency.

9. A single ended class A amplifier has a transformer coupled load of 8 . If the transformer
turns ration is 10, find the maximum power output delivered to the load. Take the zero signal
collector current of 500mA.

24
10.a) classify tuned amplifiers
b) Mention the characteristics of tuned amplifiers.

11. With neat diagram, explain the operation of single tuned capacitive coupled amplifier
and derive expressions for voltage gain bandwidth. Make necessary assumptions and
mention them.

12. With neat diagram, explain the operation of single tapped tuned amplifier and derive
expressions for voltage gain bandwidth. Make necessary assumptions and mention
them.

13.With neat diagram, explain the operation of single tuned inductive coupled amplifier
and derive expressions for voltage gain bandwidth. Make necessary assumptions and
mention them.

25
 Unit -1

Assignment Questions

1.(a) A transistor in CB circuit has the following set of `h' parameters. hib = 20,
hfb = 0.98, hrb = 3*10-4, hob = 0.5*10-6. Find the values the ckt parameters
if Rs = 600 and RL =1.5K

( b) Draw the CE amplifier with unby passed emitter resistance and derive expression
for its ckt parameters

2.For the circuit shown in figure , estimate the ckt parameters. All capacitors
have negligible reactance at the test frequency, hie = 1k, hfe = 99, hre , hoe
are negligible

3.Draw the circuit diagram of a common collector amplifier along with its equivalent
circuit. Derive expressions of its ckt parameters.

4.a) Explain various types of coupling mechanism used to couple multiple stages of
amplifiers.
b) Compare all the three types of coupling mechanisms
26
 5.With the help of a neat circuit diagram, describe the working of a darlington emitter
follower circuit. Derive expressions for performance parameters of a Darlington emitter
follower circuit.

Unit -2

Assignment Questions

1. 1.Derive the expressions for all the elements present in the hybrid- model.

2. Derive the expressions for the Short circuit current gain

3. A transistor amplifier in CE configuration is operated at high frequency with the

following specifications. fT=6MHz, gm=0.04,hfe =50, rbb =100 , Rs 500 , Cbc =10pF,
RL=100 . Compute the voltage gain, upper 3dB cut-off frequency, and gain bandwidth
product (GBW).

4. Discuss the effect of coupling and bypass capacitors on the frequency response of the CE
amplifier. .

55
.

27
 Unit -4

Assignment Questions
1. (a)An amplifier has a gain of 50 with negative feedback. For a specified output voltage, if
the input required is 0.1V without feedback and 0.8V with feedback, Compute and
open loop gain.
(b) Through the block schematics, show four types of negative feedback in amplifiers.
(c) List the advantages of negative feedback in amplifiers.

2.Draw the circuit and explain the principle of operation of RC phase-shift oscillator circuit.
What is the frequency range of generation of oscillations? Derive the expression for the
frequency of oscillations.

3. Derive the expression for the frequency of Wein Bridge Oscillators.

4. (a)Draw the circuit of a voltage series feedback circuit and explain it.
(b) What are the possible amplifiers circuits in any feedback system?
Discuss.

5. (a) Draw a feedback amplifiers in block diagram form and explain each block giving its function.
(b) Distinguish between regenerative and degenerative feedback in amplifiers.

Unit -5

Assignment Questions
1.With the help of neat diagram and graphical representation explain the operation of class-
B power amplifier (complementary-symmetry). Derive the expression for efficiency and calculate
the value of maximum efficiency.

2.a) Discuss about the distortion present in power amplifiers. Derive the expression for the total
amount of distortion present in the amplifiers.
b) Explain how even harmonic distortion can be reduced in a Class B push-pull configured
amplifier

3. a) A single stage class A amplifier Vcc=20V, VCEQ =10V, ICQ =600mA, RL=16 . The
ac output current varies by 300mA, with the ac input signal. Calculate
i) The power supplied by the dc source to the amplifier circuit.
ii) AC power consumed by the load resistor.
iii) AC power developed across the load resistor.
iv) DC power wasted in transistor collector.
v) Overall efficiency
vi) Collector efficiency.

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4. a) classify tuned amplifiers
b) Mention the characteristics of tuned amplifiers.

5.With neat diagram, explain the operation of single tuned capacitive coupled amplifier and derive
expressions for voltage gain bandwidth. Make necessary assumptions and mention them.

29
 Objective questions
UNIT-I

1. The voltage gain of well designed single stage CB amplifier is essentially determined by ac
collector load and [ ]
A.Emitter resistor R
B. ac alpha
C. Input resistance emitter diode
D.ac beta.

2. Typical value of hie is [ ]

A. 1k B. 25k C.50k D.100k

3. The emitter of a CE amplifier has no AC voltage because of the [ ]

A. DC voltage unit B. Bypass Capacitor C. Coupling capacitor D. load resistance

4. The alpha () cut off frequency of a transistor is _________ than is beta () cut-off
frequency.

5.The parameter h22 has units of _______.

6.A CC Amplifier has highest __________ but lowest ___

7. The current gain of single stage CE amplifier is nearly equal to___________

8. Which of the following amplifier has high power gain [ ]

(a) CB (b) CE (c) CC (d) both CB and CE

9. The slope of ac load line is _________ that of dc load line. [ ]

(a) same as (b)more than (c) less than (d) None of the above

10. The amplifiers can be classified according to [ ]

(a)frequency range (b)inter stage coupling (c)operation method (d)all the above

11. If Z is the impedance connected between two nodes, node1 and node2, it can be replaced
by two separate impedances Z1 and Z2, where Z1 is connected between node1 and ground
and Z2 is connected between node2 and ground. This is called _________ theorem. [ ]
(a)Miller (b)Reciprocity (c)Superposition (d)Compensation

12.In Millers theorem the individual impedances Z1 and Z2 are given by _____________.

13. When the gain provided by a single stage amplifier is not sufficient, it is to cascade the
number of stages of the amplifier. It becomes important to stabilize the voltage amplification

30
of each stage which is not desired. The simple and effective way to obtain voltage gain
stabilization is to add __________________ to a CE stage.

14. For the emitter follower circuit with Rs =0.5K and RL=5K, assume hfe=50,
hie=1K, hoe=25A/V. The current gain is ___________.

15. The most desirable feature of transformer coupling is its [ ]

A.Higher voltage gain B. wide frequency range C.ability to provide impedance matching
D. ability to eliminate hum from the output

16. For matching a circuit of output impedance 200 with a load of 8 the turn ratio of
the two winding transformer should be [ ]
A. 25 B.1/25 C.1/5 D.5

17. Direct coupled amplifiers are especially suited for amplifying extremely
______ frequency signals.

18. The DC resistance of transformer coupling is _________so it is more efficient .

19. The input resistance is good in [ ]

(a)single stage amplifier (b)Darlington connection (c)both a and b (d)Millers circuit

20. It is assumed that RE=3.3k, hie=1100,hre=0.25m, hfe=50 and hoe=25A/V.

The input impedance using Darlington connection is [ ] (a)168.3K (b) 2.5M
(c)1.65M (d)190K

21. The different coupling schemes used in amplifiers [ ]

(a)RC coupling (b)Transformer coupling (c)Direct coupling (d)All the above

22. The type of coupled amplifier that is used in radio and TV [ ]

(a)RC coupled amplifier (b)Transformer coupled amplifier
(c)Direct coupled amplifier (d)All the above

23. The input impedance of the circuit can be improved by direct coupling of two stages
of emitter follower amplifier. This is called as _________________ connection.

24. The darlington pair consists of the following two stages [ ]

(a) CE,CC (b)CE,CB (c)both CE (d) both CC

31
UNIT-II

1. The bandwidth of an amplifier can be increased by [ ]

A.decreasing the capacitance of its bypass capacitors B.minimizing the stray capacitance
C.increasing the input signal frequency D. Cascading it

2. Lower cutoff frequency of an amplifier is primarily determined by the [ ]

A.Internal capacitance of the active device
B.Stray capacitance between its wiring and ground
C.ac beta() value of its active devices
D.Capacitances of coupling and bypass capacitor

3. The main reason for the variation of amplifier gain with frequency is [ ]
A. the presence of capacitance internal and external B. due to interstage transformation
C. the logarithmic increase in its output power D. miller effect

4. The alpha () of the transistor ___________ with the increase in frequency.

5. The negative sign of dB gain indicates [ ]

(a)amplification (b)attenuation (c)both a and b (d)boosting

6. Usually the input output characteristics of an amplifier is [ ]

(a)linear (b)parabolic (c)nonlinear (d)exponential

7. Short circuit CE current gain of a transistor is 25 at a frequency of 2MHz if

F =200KHz. hfe= ____________.

8. For the high frequency analysis of BJT __________ model is used.

9. As signal frequencies decrease, the capacitor reactances increase, the current gain
_______.

10. Mid frequency gain of a certain amplifier is 100 then voltage gain in dB is
______________

11. The bandwidth of a single stage amplifier is ___ that of a multi stage amplifier. [ ]
(a)more than (b) less than (c) same as (d) none

32
Unit III

1. For the operation of enhancement only N- Channel MOSFET, value of gate voltage has
to be[ ]
A.High positive B. high negative C. low positive D. zero

2. Class D amplifier uses what type of transistors [ ]

A. JFETs B. BJTs C. MOSFETs D. can use any

3A MOSFET can be easily destroyed by any _________ on its gate

4. In depletion mode and N- Channel DE MOSFET conducts with Vgsis _______.

5The positive gate operation of a N- Channel Depletion MOSFET is known as ______.

6. In the MOS amplifier analysis the main advantage of source follower is [ ]

(a)high input impedance (b)nonlinearity (c)shift dc level (d)driving capability

7In the MOS amplifiers the advantage of cascade stage [ ]

(a)higher gain b)higher bandwidth
(c)used to build constant current sources (d)all the above

8 In the MOS amplifier, source follower analysis the output resistance is given by
__________ .

9. In the MOS amplifiers, the output signal is taken off the source with respect to the ground
and the drain is connected directly to VDD. VDD becomes signal ground in the ac equivalent
circuit; we have the name common gain. This is also called as ________________.

10. A source follower using FET usually has a voltage gain of _____. [ ]
(a) -1 (b) >100 (c) about -10 (d) less than 1 but positive CC

33
UNIT-IV

1. Negative feedback in amplifier [ ]

(a) improves SNR at the input (b) improves SNR at the output
(c) Increases distortion (d) None of the above

2. The gain of an amplifier with feedback is ______. [ ]

(a) A/1+A (b) /1+a (c) /1-a (d) A/1-A

3. The Trans conductance amplifier is also called as _____________.

4. In an ideal voltage amplifier, the values of Ri & R0 are _______________________.

5. The ratio of input impedance with feedback to without feedback is _______.

6. The disadvantage of negative feedback is [ ] (a)gain decreases

(b)gain is always zero (c)gain is undefined (d)gain increases

7. With series feedback, (voltage or current), input resistance of an amplifier [ ] (a)decreases

(b)increases (c)zero (d)infinity

8. Characteristics of an ideal voltage amplifier are: [ ] (a)AV=infinity(b)Ri=infinity (c)Ro=0

(d)All the above

9. A in feedback amplifier circuits is called __________.

10. In the case of voltage shunt feedback amplifier, expression for input impedance with
feedback is Zif= ______________

11. For generating a sinusoidal wave of 1KHz frequency, the most suitable oscillator is __[ ]
(a) Hartley (b) Colpitts (c) Wien bridge (d) None of the above

12. The frequency stability of LC oscillator is _______ than RC oscillators. [ ]

(a) less (b) more (c) either a or b (d) None of the above

13. An important limitation of a crystal oscillator is ________. [ ]

(a) its low output
(b) its high Q
(c) less availability of quartz crystal (d) its high output

14. An oscillator using LC tuned circuit has L= 58.6H & C=300pF, then the frequency of
oscillations will be _______________.

15. In a RC phase shift oscillator, each RC section provides a phase shift of ____________.

34
16. Oscillator circuits employ _______ type of feed back [ ] (a)positive (b)no
feed back (c)negative (d)none

17. The range of frequencies over which RC phase shift oscillator circuit is used is
_________________.

18. In the feedback network if two inductors and one capacitor elements are used the
oscillator circuit is
called ____________ oscillator.

19. In the case of Collpitts oscillator frequency fo= _________________ .

20. Expression for frequency of oscillations in the case of Wien Bridge Oscillator is
__________.
a. 32KHZ b. 10KHZ c. 20KHZ d. 15KHZ

35
UNIT-V

1. With transformer connection to load the maximum efficiency of the class A amplifier
will go up to a maximum of [ ]
a. 78.5% b.25% c.50% d.66%

2. In ____ power amplifier, the output signal varies for a full 3600 of the cycle. [ ]
(a)Class A (b) Class B (c) Class AB (d) None of the above

3. Maximum theoretical efficiency of Class B push pull amplifier is ___. [ ]

(a)25.5% (b) 50% (c) 75% (d) 78.5%

4. Thermal resistance of the heat sink will be typically _______.

5. If output power=20W and the input dc power=60W,then the efficiency of power amplifier
is
____________.

6. In Class B power amplifier, Q-point is set ____________ .

7. In class B amplifiers relation between maximum power dissipation Pc and maximum

output power dissipation Po is Pc= ____ Po [ ]
(a)0.1 (b)0.2 (c)0.3 (d)0.4

8. Due to input signal swing, if the operating point shifts into cutoff and saturation regions,
that amplifier is classified as _________ amplifier. [ ]
(a)small signal (b)large signal (c)both a and b (d)not an amplifier

9. The coupling employed in amplifier circuits are [ ]

(a)RC coupling (b)Transformer coupling (c)LC tuned coupling (d)All the above

10. Due to input signal swing, if the operating point shifts into cutoff and saturation regions,
that amplifier is classified as _________ amplifier. [ ]
(a)small signal (b)large signal (c)both a and b (d)not an amplifier

11. The maximum theoretical efficiency of class B push pull amplifier is ________.

12. Maximum efficiency of transformer coupled amplifiers is ________ .

13. In tuned amplifiers, harmonic distortion is ____________. [ ]

(a) infinite (b) more (c) less (d) None

14. Tuned amplifiers can be used in _____. [ ]

(a)Radar (b)IF amplifiers (c) both a and b (d)None

15.Small signal tuned amplifiers are operated in ________ mode.

36
16. Parallel tuned circuit is also known as ____________.

17 The application of Tuned amplifier is [ ]

(a)radio signals (b)RF amplifier (c)Communication receivers (d)All the above

18. The purpose of resonant circuits in tuned circuits is [ ]

(a)provide properly matching load impedance (b)reset unwanted harmonics
(c)couple power to load (d)all the above

19. Two resonant circuits tuned to different frequencies is called __________ tuning.

20.In tuned amplifiers equivalent circuits, the model used for transistor is
________________.

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