D 2.5 Skill Builder Grouping Equal Factors In multiplication, you can group equal factors. Order does not matter in For example: multiplication. BX7X7X3X7X7X3 Group equal factors. =3X3xX3xX7xX7X7X7 Write repeated multiplication as powers. SS tHitE 7” 1. Group equal factors and write as powers. a) 2x 10x2x10x2=2x2x2x b) 2X5xX2X5X2X5X2X5 Multiplying Fractions To multiply fractions, first multiply the numerators, and then multiply the denominators. 22 2x 2a 2X2K2K2 Write repeated multiplication as powers. 3°3%3"3 3K3x3x3 “3 There are 4 factors of 2, and 4 factors of 3. Check ‘1. Multiply the fractions. Write as powers 2u3y2 x Pan eee Senn onrae Were | 2x3x2 Aytydytytyt aX aXy rer iar tay tar larD 2.5 Exponent Laws Il [E22ET5] Understand and apply exponent laws for powers of: products; quotients; and powers. Multiply 32 x 32 32 Use the exponent law for the product of powers. 32. 32 xg? = 'g? +2 +2 ‘Add the exponents. 3° We can write repeated multiplication as powers. So, 32 x 32x 3? aaa 3 factors of (2) The base is 32. oe The exponent is 3. This is a power of a power. Look at the pattern in the exponents. We write: (32)8 = 32% 3 6 | Exponent Law for a Power of a Power |) To raise a power to a power, multiply the exponents. For example: (23)5 = 23 *$ | s Example 1 | Simplifying a Power of a Power Write as a power. a) (32)4 i. b) ((-57 2-234 Solution Use the exponent law for a power of a power: multiply the exponents. a) @yi= 3x4 =3 b) (-5)? =(-5P*2 The base is —5. = (-5)8 @) -Q = -23*4 The base is 2. igCheck 1.\Write as a power. a) (934 = 9— *— b) [(-2))P = (-2)_ 9-6 = -6—_) =9— =(-2— = Multiply (3 x 47. The base of the power is a product: 3 x 4 Write as repeated multiplication. base (3x 4P=(3x4)x3x4) Remove the brackets. =3xX4xK3x4 Group equal factors Bx 3) x (4x4) Write as powers. 2 factors of 3 2 Tactors of 4 =Rxae So, 3 x 4? = 3? x 4? power product power i | Exponent Law for a Power of a Product The power of a product is the product of powers. I For example: (2 x 3) = 24 x 34 Example 2 | Evaluating Powers of Products Evaluate a) (2 x 5)? b) [(-3) x 4P Solution Use the exponent law for a power of a product. a) (2 x 5 = 2? x 5? bb) [(—3) x 4P = (-3) x (2)(2) x (5X5) (3-3) x (44) x25 =9x 16 }00 = 144 Or, use the order of operations and evaluate what is inside the brackets frst. 02 b) [(-3) x 4P = (-12% }00 =1440 7°Check 1. Write as a product of powers. a) (5x74 = b) (8 x 2)? = 2. Evaluate. a) (-1)x oP =__? b) [(-1) x (-4)F =__ > Evaluate (3) The base of the power is a quotient: 3 base Write as repeated multiplication. @-0-0 =3y3 a x a Multiply the fractions. =3%3 Write repeated multiplication as powers. ax4 aoe 2 power 2 s (3) = F< — aotient = power Exponent Law for a Power of a Quotient ‘The power of a quotient is the quotient of powers. . (2V 2 roreumpi(8) = 2 Example 3 | Evaluating Powers of Quotients Evaluate. a) (30+ (5) » (2Solution Use the exponent law for a power of a quotient. a) (30+ (52 = (2) = 900 25 = 36 = (2) a 208 = 400 16 =25 rr, use the order of operations and evaluate what is inside the brackets first a) [30 + (—5)P = (6? b) 2 =3 =36 =25 Check 1. Write as a quotient of powers. 3y 3 a) Q = b) [1 = (-10)P = 2. Evaluate. a) [(-16) + (-4)P 1. Write as a product of powers, a) 6x 2)$=5— x2 9 Bx (-2)F 2. Write as a quotient of powers a) (5+ 8) = °@-_ You can evaluate what is inside the brackets first. b) (12 x 137 = d) [(-4) x (-5)P = b) [(-6) + 5)’ = <23. Write as a power. a) (7 = 5— * — as Q y= d) (7 = 4. Evaluate. a) (6 x (-2)P = b) -@ x 4) —3\) ° (=) . d) (10 x3) = e) [(-2)'P = D2 ee Find any errors and correct them, a) (P= 3° b) (3 + 2)? = 3% + 22 ©) GP =59 o(-8 ©) (Bx 2% = 36 2) 4 3, 6 9) [(-3)°? = (-3)% HPD (CAV ecONN ag exter cece eee Uy