Index

A C
accelerated ageing 148, 160 calorific properties 488
adaptability 467 carbon fibres (CF) 129, 379, 483
additive costs 52 hybrids 387
adhesive bonding 340, 441 carbon nanotubes (CNT) 476
aeronautics 109, 113, 119, 128, 121,133, 135, 137, cases 87
227, 253,277, 301,318 casting 336, 420
aerospace applications 77 centrifugal moulding 143, 4301
ageing 189, 213, 230,243,259,282,305,320 chemical 190,214,230,244,260,284,306,325,327
behaviour 162
agricultural equipment 122
resistance 152
airex r82 397
clamping 341
aluminium honeycombs 400 Clash & Berg test 149
amino resins: melamine (MF) 239 co-moulding 436
analysis of patents 482-484 coating application 95, 187
anti-abrasion 84 coefficient 13349
anti-corrosion 82, 84, 101,122, 207 cold compression moulding 424
equipment 84 collection of wastes 486
anti-wear 108, 253 comfort 70
aramid fibres (AF) 128, 381 composite 49, 81, 68, 81
aramid honeycombs 399 characteristics 443
arc resistance 154 insert moulding 436
armaments 76, 128, 130, 137, 253, 277,290 matrices 350
art 90, 120, 208 mechanical performances 346
assembly 441 processing 25,359, 413
costs 61 properties 370, 389
ASTM D257 153 compounding integrated 475
automated lay-up 429 compression 435
automotive 63, 95, 111,114, 131,136, 205,226, moulding 331,419
254, 277, 323 properties 156
industry 63 set 161,189
awards 484 transfer moulding 332, 425
conductive composites 462
consumption trends 48, 472
B continuous sheet moulding 144
basic principles 344, 443
continuous stratification 433
bedding 74 continuous use temperature (CUT) 146
biodegradable components for matrices 491 Core-Cell 395
BMC 138, 404 corrosivity 306
body 65, 85, 87 cost 185,205,226,252, 276, 299,317,358,360, 362,
boron fibre hybrids 387 365
brittle point 148 per volume of various materials 13
building and civil engineering 70, 92, 98,105,118, per weight of various materials 12
136, 139, 206, 227, 300 savings 372, 473
building furniture 111,254 creep 151,161, 189, 212, 230, 257, 281,320
bulk moulding compounds (BMC) 407 compression set 304
Thermosets and Composites

crystallization 160 foaom 193,233,245

test 149 application 92, 186
cyanate esters (Cy) 120, 317 foamed composites 458
foamed epoxies 265
D foamed matrix composites 459
damping 65, 70, 85 foamed polyimides 289
decoration 90, 120, 208, 215,233,344 foamed silicones 309
dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) 121,322 formworks 85, 87
dielectric strength 153 frames of machines 85
dimensional stability 213,230, 243,259, 282, 305, friction 212, 230, 243, 257, 280, 304, 320, 325
320, 325 furan 326
dough moulding compound (DMC) 408 furane resins 122
durability 10 furniture 74, 92, 94, 101,126, 135, 141,207
dynamic fatigue 189, 213, 230, 259, 282, 305,320
dynamic mechanical properties 161 G
garden equipment 122
E gardening equipment 324
earth-moving equipment 122 gas permeability 154, 162
economic requirements 21 gehman test 149
ecycling of polymers 29 glass fabric 349
effect of short glass fibre 376 glass fibre plastics 376
effect of the fibre level 445 glass fibres 123,373, 480
effect of the fibre nature 445 glass mat thermoplastics (GMTs) 409
elastic modulus 150 global plastics industry 32
elastomer application 94 187 glue and adhesives 112, 255
electric household appliances 88, 105, 118, 300 GMT sheets 434
electrical properties 153, 163, 193,215, 232, 245, guarantee 467
265,289, 309, 320, 325
electricity 86, 94, 104, 106, 115,207,227,241,253, H
277,318,324 hand lay-up 140, 415,417, 418
electronics 86, 94,100,110,121,127,207,253,277, HDT 160
318,324 health 112, 254, 119, 301
environmental concerns 486 heat behaviour 327
environmental constraints 29 heat deflection temperature (HDT) 147
environmental requirements 22 high-energy radiation 260, 284, 320
environmental stress cracking (ESC) 153 high-performance reinforcements 490
epoxide resins 108 high-pressure injection moulding 426
epoxides 251 honeycombs 399
epoxies 352 hot compression moulding 424
epoxy resins (EP) 251 household appliances 107, 227,241
european market 44 housing equipment 324
external elements 65 humidity 162
extrusion 335,436, 437 hybrid 16 135, 474
composites 461
F materials 19
fatigue 152, 161 processing 28
fibre 241,370
composites 450
filament 437
winding 142, 429 IEC 93 153
filled resin 420 immersion 152
finishing operations 439 impact test 150, 159
fire resistance 193, 215,232, 244, 265,289, 309, importance of the various processing modes 42
320, 324 industrial fibres 388
flammability 154, 163 industry 92, 94, 107, 115, 122, 241
flexible foams 195, 289, 309 infusion process 422
flexural properties 156 initial behaviour 209, 228,242, 255,278, 302, 318,
fluid contact behaviour 162 324,
fluoroplastics 363 injection 420, 435
fluorosilicones (FMQ, FVMQ or FSI) 297 moulding 334

498
 Index

insulation 85, 87 method for strength estimation 348

integral skin foams 194 mineral fibres 387
interlaminar properties 158 molecular reinforcement 477
interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) 150 moulding of test specimens 155
intermediate semi-manufactured MQ 138
composites 411
materials 404 N
intrinsic mechanical properties 4 nanocomposites 444
ISO standards 155, 196, 233, 246, 310, 380, 370, nanofillers 402, 477
373,377 nautical sports 81
new high performance polymers 481
new processes 475
north american market 47
L
laminates 227 O
law of mixtures 349 office automation 88, 114, 120, 277, 302
leisure 94, 95,112, 254, 324 offshore 81
leisure parks 208 operating cost 21,467
LFRT 449 optical properties 155,164,189,211,229,243,257,
light resistance 162 280, 304
lighting 70 optoelectronics 118, 300
liquid crystal polymers 365 outdoor furniture 75
liquid injection moulding (LIM) 336 overbraiding 432
liquid thermoset processing 336 oxygen index 154, 163
loading direction 348
long fibre reinforced plastics 449 P
long-term behaviour 209, 228, 243,255,279, 303, packaging 90, 95, 107, 122, 208, 241,324
319,324 passenger compartment: 67
long-term light 152 patents 482
long-term mechanical properties 151 PBO fibres 388
long-term properties 160 phenolic resins (PF) 103, 223,254, 351,434
low temperature 160 phenylene polysulfide 362
behaviour 148, 210, 243,257, 280, 304, 319, plastic 20
324, 475 consumption 2
low-cost tool 475 costs 50
properties 146
M plywood 227, 400
machining 440 PMQ 138
main composite families 91 polution 29
"~ain processing methods 136 polyacetal (POM) 361
malP., recycling routes 487 polyacrylics (PMMA) 361
main reinforcements 123 polyamide 360, 365
main thermoget- families 91 polycarbonate 362
maintenance costs 61, 62 polycyanates 120, 317, 354
marketing requirements 22 polyetheretherketone 364
market 472 polyetherimide 365,397
shares 34, 36, 38 polyethersulfone foams 397
material polyethylene (PE) 358
costs 12, 473 fibres 388
selection 164 foams 394
upgrading and competition 476 polyimides (PI) 113, 275, 353
mechanical assembly 341,441 polymer composites 18,477
mechanical elements 67 polymethacrylimide 396
mechanical industry 118, 300 polyphenylene ether (PPE) 362
mechanical properties 4, 149, 155, 189, 211,229, polyphenylene oxide (PPO) 362
243, 257, 280, 304, 319, 325, 327, 488 polypropylene (PP) 358
mechanics 126, 141 foams 394
melamine 105,234 polysiloxanes 138
metal consumption 2 polystyrene 359
metallization 440 foams 393

499
Thermosets and Composites
polysulfone 364
polyurea 91, 95, 187
polyurethane 91,184, 354
foams 392
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 358
polyureas (PUR) 184
powder moulding compounds 216
pre-treatment of wastes 486
precision of the moulded parts 165
premix 408
prepreg applications 143
prepreg draping 427, 437
press fitting 341
primary processes 25
processing costs 54, 474
property of RRIM, SRRIM 458
protection properties 108, 253
PTFE fibres 388
publicity 208
pullwinding 432
pultrusion 141,431,437
PVMQ 138
R spring work 341
raw material 196, 216, 233, 266
costs 51
reaction injection moulding (rim) 337
reaction of reinforced resin 420
recycling 486
recycling costs 490
reduction factor 348
reduction of production costs 467
refrigeration 88
reinforcement 346, 347,348, 370
costs 53
form 348
relaxation 151,161
repairing composites 442
requirements of the market 466, 473
RFI 422
RIFT 422
rigid foams 195
rigid PVC foams 391
RIM application 93, 186
riveting 341
rohacel1396
rotational moulding 338
RRIM 420, 458
RTM 139, 423
S thermal and electrical properties 8
safety 83
sandwich composites 133, 437, 457
sandwich properties 401
sandwich technology 390
screwing 341
SCRIMP 422
sealing application 85, 95, 187
secondary processing 25, 27
self-reinforced polymers 133, 412
500
semi-rigid foams 195
shear properties 157
Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC) 405
shipbuilding 93, 100, 112, 122, 135,140, 207,254
short aramid fibres 448
short carbon fibres 447
short fibre composites 445
short glass fibres 446
SI 138
significant parameters 445
silicones 116, 355, 138
sliding 84
SMC 138
smoke generation 163
smoke opacity 155
snap-fit 341
solid thermoset processing 330
some weaknesses of the polymer materials 22
soundproofing 70, 107,241
space 76, 133, 135, 290
specific mechanical properties 7
sports 89, 93, 94, 95, 112, 254, 324
spray lay-up 140, 341,416, 417
SRRIM 420, 458
stainless steel fibres 387
street furniture 75
stress and strain at yield 150
structural applications 86
structural foamed epoxies 265
structural foamed polyurethane 195
structural parts 65
structure of the plastic processing industry 49
styrene-acrylonitrile foam 395
surface finishing and painting 439
surface resistivity 153
survey of main markets 63
sustainable components for matrices 491
sustainable composites 492
sustainable natural fibres 132, 385
sustainable standard 490
syntactic foams 266, 290, 310, 318, 320. 398, 460
T
tape winding 437
technLal requirements 21
tensile properties 155
tension set 161
textile fibres 387
the fibre lengths 349
thermal behaviour 146, 187, 209, 228, 242, 255,
278, 302, 318, 324
thermomechanical properties 160
thermoplastic 357
composites 136, 434
matrix properties 365
polyesters 360
thermoset 16, 48, 322, 350
assembly 340
 Index

composites 166, 414, 488 V

machining 339 VacFlo 423
matrix properties 356 vacuum bag moulding 417, 422
processing 23 vacuum impregnation moulding 422
torsion properties 158 vacuum outgassing 289, 3200
toxicity 29 vacuum technology 116, 278
vapour permeability 162
trade name 197,217,235,247,267, 290, 310, 321,
VARI 423
325,327, 378, 381,383
VARTM 422
transmission system 86 vicat softening temperature 148, 160
transport 63, 95,102, 104, 107, 120, 123,134, 137, VMQ 138
140, 208, 226, 241,302 volume resistivity 153

U W
UL temperature index 147 water sports 100, 112, 207, 254
weathering 189, 213,230, 243,283,306
UL94 ratings 154
weight reduction 82
ultimate stress and strain 150 whiskers 387
under-the-hood compartment 67 wire and cable insulation 87
unidirectional reinforcement 347 wood 400
unsaturated polyester 349
unsaturated polyesters (UP) 95,203, 350 Y
yield point 150
urea-formaldehyde (UF) 239
urea-formaldehyde resins (amino resins) 105 Z
UV resistance 152 ZMC 138

501