The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) came into force in 1993 and now has 175 State

Parties.34 The CBD has three main objectives (Article 1), which are: (i) the conservation of
biological diversity; (ii) the sustainable use of its components; and (iii) the fair and equitable
sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilisation of genetic resources, including by appropriate
access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into
account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding.