PRESENTED BY: NGOZI FLEMMING

LECTURER: SIR ANDEL

DATE: 2017-10-25
FIFTEEN TYPES OF LOCALLY GROWN TIMBER PRODUCING TREES

SCIENTIFIC NAMES

1. BULLETWOOD MANILKARA BIDENTATA

2. CRABWOOD CARAPA SPP
3. DARINA HYMENOLOBIUM SPP
4. GREENHEART CHLOROCARDIUM RODIEI
5. HUBUBALLI LOXOPTERYGIUM SAGOTII
6. ITEBALLI VOCHYSIA SPP
7. KABUKALLI GOUPIA GLABRA
8. MORA MORA EXCELSA
9. PURPLEHEART PELTOGYNE SPP.
10. RED CEDAR CEDRELA ODORATA
11. SHIBADAN ASPIDOSPERMA SPP
12. SIMARUPA QUASSIA SIMAROUBA
13. ULU TRATTINICKIA SPP
14. WAMARA SWARTZIA LEIOCALYCINA
15. WASHIBA TABEBUIA SP.NOV.
 CHARACTERISTICS AND USES

BULLETWOOD- Length of bole: 20 to 25 meters Height of tree: 30 to 40 meters Diameter: 0.5 to

0.9 meter but can reach widths of 1.5 meters. Shape of log: straight, cylindrical, slender: old trees
may present buttresses up to 1 meter high. The sapwood is distinct, pale brown to pink beige (3
to 5 cm) Heartwood: light to dark red brown, slightly purplish veined. The grain appears straight,
occasionally wavy or interlocked. The texture is fine. The natural durability of Bulletwoods
resistance to decay is good (brown rot) to very good (white rot) Resistance to termites: very good,
Resistance to insects of dry wood good.
Major uses include: heavy construction, hydraulic works, sleepers, bridges, flooring, naval
construction, stairs and furniture components.

CRABWOOD- The heartwood is a light salmon or pale pink to reddish brown when freshly cut,
becoming reddish brown to brown when dry. The general colour is somewhat darker than
mahogany because of the accumulated dark coloured gum in the vessels. The sapwood is pinkish
when freshly cut, turning pale brown or greyish when dry. The wood varies from coarse to fine
but is mostly medium in texture. The grain is usually straight. The heartwood is moderately
durable and fire resistant. Logs are liable to be attacked by ambrosia (pinhole-borer beetles). The
trees are evergreen, straight, of good form and commonly 2 to 3 feet in diameter and 80 to 100
feet in height. The wood is moderately hard. Crabwood has good fire resistance and weathering
properties. In the green condition the timber weighs 56 pounds per cubic feet, and about 39
pounds per cubic feet (610 kg/m) when air-dry.
Some uses of Crabwood include: furniture, turnery, interior work, general construction, plywood
veneer.

DARINA- Is a medium sized to a very large tree, sometimes 150 feet in height with diameters to
10 feet. General characteristics: Heartwood when fresh is light orange tan to orange brown
turning to pale brown on exposure with a rather gradual transition to the white or greyish
sapwood. Texture rather coarse and uneven; luster (sheen) rather low; grain straight to
interlocked; without distinctive odor of taste. The heartwood is very durable upon exposure to
white rot and durable in resistance to a brown rot fungus. The heartwood is only moderately
resistant to marine borers.
Major uses include: heavy construction, turnery, furniture and components, paneling and for
making boxes and crates.
GREENHEART- The length of bole is 15 to 23 meters. The height of tree is about 20 to 45 meters.
Diameter reaches around 0.35 to 0.60 meters but can reach widths of 1.0 meter. Shape of log is
straight and cylindrical moderately tapered: base is swollen or buttressed. The sapwood is not
clearly distinct from heartwood. Heartwood is yellow beige to dark olive brown at times with
irregular darker veins. The wood grains are straight to roey-(having a mottled or streaked grain)
Texture of wood is fine. Greenheart wood is highly resistant to termites and to insects of dry
wood.
Major uses of greenheart wood: Marine construction, ship building, hydraulic works, heavy
carpentry and vats.

HUBUBALLI- Length of bole: 15 to 20 meters. Height of tree: 30 to 35 meters. Diameter: 0.4 to

0.9 meters. The shape of log is fairly well-formed, straight and base is buttressed. Sapwood is
more of less distinct, pale yellow or light grey-brown (5-8 cm) Heartwood appears light brown to
red brown usually attractively figured with narrow to wide darker stripes and streaks. The grains
appear straight and sometimes interlocked or wavy. The wood texture is medium. Hububallis
resistance to termites is moderate and has a poor resistance to insects of dried wood.
Major uses include: fine furniture, cabinet work, carpentry, flooring, veneer, joinery and can be
used to make plywood.

ITEBALLI- Length of bole: 15 to 21 meters but can reach widths of up to 25 meters. Height of tree:
25 to 30 meters but can reach heights of 40 meters. Diameter: 0.3 to 0.5 meters but can attain
widths of up to 0.9 meters. Shape of log: straight, cylindrical, slender; unbutressed or basally
swollen (V.surinamensis); usually short and strongly tapered, often bent (V. tetraphylla).
Sapwood is distinct, pale yellow or grey (V.surinamensis); not clearly distinct (V. tetraphylla).
Heartwood is pale pink brown darkening to golden brown often with yellow stripes (V.
surinamensis); light brown (V. tetraphylla). The grains appear generally straight or slightly
interlocked. Texture is rather course. Resistance to decay: poor Resistance to termites: poor
Resistance to insects of dry wood: poor.
Major uses include: carpentry, cheap furniture, boxes and crates, utility plywood, interior joinery
and light carpentry.
KABUKALLI- This is a hard strong and tough wood. In the green condition the timber weighs 73
pounds per cubic foot and when air dried 52 pounds per cubic foot. The heartwood is a light
reddish brown of plain appearance, darkening on exposure. The grain may appear straight but it
is more commonly interlocked and somewhat harsh. The texture is medium to coarse and
uniform. The tree grows to 3 feet in diameter with an average diameter of 1.5 to 2 feet; and 130
feet in height. Boles (tree trunk) measuring 70 to 80 feet are common.
Kabukalli is used for heavy construction, house framing, flooring, railway sleepers and furniture.

MORA- Length of bole: 15 to 24 meters Height of tree: 20 to 40 but can reach heights of 50
meters. Diameter: 0.6 to 0.9 but can reach widths up to 1.2 meters. Shape of log: usually straight,
fairly well-formed but sometimes flattened: Base is buttressed. The sapwood is distinct with a
light yellowish-grey (5 15 cm). Heartwood is dark brown, reddish brown or yellowish red brown
with white or brown streaks. The grain appears straight to interlocked, very variable. The texture
is medium to coarse. The resistance to termites is good to very good and resistance to insects of
dried wood is good.
Major uses of Mora: Sleepers, heavy construction, bridge decking, planking, industrial flooring,
joinery, vehicle bodies and for building boats-the ribs, the stem, knees and framing.

PURPLEHEART- Length of bole: 15 to 27 meters Height of tree: 25 to 35 meters but can reach
heights of up to 55 meters. Diameter: 0.45 to 0.90 meters but can reach widths of up to 1.5
meters. Shape of log: Straight, cylindrical and the base is buttressed. The sapwood is clearly
distinct, pale pink to grey white (3 to 6 cm). The heartwood is beige when freshly cut, turns rapidly
to violet upon exposure to light and darkens eventually to dark brown with age and continued
exposure to light. The grain appears generally straight and at times slightly interlocked or slightly
wavy. The texture is rather fine. The resistance to decay is moderate to good. Resistance to
termites is good and the resistance to insects of dry wood is also good. Treatability is poor.
Major uses include: Cabinet work, marquetry, interior and exterior joinery, decorative uses, to
make furniture and stairs, flooring, bridging, panel doors and veneers.
RED-CEDAR- The sapwood is a clearly distinct pinkish beige and the heartwood is pinkish to red
and reddish brown in colour. The grain of the wood appears straight or sometimes interlocked.
The texture is fine and uniformed to coarse and uneven finish. The length of bole is about 12 to
18 meters and height of the tree is about 30 to 40 meters and sometimes reaches 45 meters.
Diameter is 0.5 to 0.9 in meters but may reach 1.8 meters. Durability of wood is moderate to
good. Resistance of dried wood to insects is good.
Major uses of Red- Cedar include: plywood, cigar boxes, exterior and interior joinery, furniture
veneer, boat building, shingles, and musical instruments.

SHIBADAN- Length of bole: 18 to 21 meters Height of tree: 25 to 40 meters. Diameter 0.5 to 0.8
meters. Shape of log: cylindrical or slightly flattened. Base: unbutressed or somewhat swollen.
Sapwood is distinct, light greyish brown. Heartwood is orange yellow to yellow brown at times
with reddish or pinkish tinge or zones. The grain appears straight and sometimes irregular or
roey. The texture is rather fine to medium. The resistance to decay of Shibadan is moderate to
very good. The resistance to termites is poor to moderate. Resistance to insects of dry wood is
good.
Major uses include: flooring, furniture, general carpentry, turnery, carvings and interior trim.

SIMARUPA- Length of bole: 15 to 30 meters Height of tree: May reach 45 meters. Diameter: 0.6
to 0.9 meters. Shape of log: straight, cylindrical, strongly tapered; unbutressed. Sapwood is not
distinct from heartwood. Heartwood is cream white to yellow in colour, white with occasionally
oily streaks. The grains of the wood appear straight. The texture is medium to coarse. Resistance
to decay is poor. Resistance to termites poor. Resistance to insects of dry wood poor.
Major uses include: interior construction, furniture, plywood, paper pulp and drawer lining.
Simarupa is also used to make musical instruments and toys.

ULU- Length of bole: 21 to 24 meters. Height of tree: 20 to 30 meters but could reach heights of
40 meters. Diameter is 0.4 to 1.0 meters. Shape of log: cylindrical; unbutressed or with low and
thick buttresses. Sapwood is not clearly distinct, grey white. Heartwood is grey white to pale
beige with a pinkish tinge. The grain is rather straight and often widely and regularly interlocked.
The texture is medium. Resistance to decay: poor Resistance to termites: moderate Resistance
to insects of dry wood: poor.
Major uses include: interior joinery, plywood, light carpentry, boxes and crates, interior trim and
cheap furniture.
WAMARA- Length of bole: 18 to 21 meters Height of tree: 20 to 35 meters but some will only
attain height of 15 meters. Diameter: 0.40 to 0.75 meters. Shape of log: straight, often slightly
fluted. Base: buttressed. Sapwood is distinct in colour, nearly white or yellow (7 -8 cm). The
heartwood is dark brown to pale reddish purple or purplish brown, occasionally with dark olive
or purplish brown stripes. The grain of Wamara appears straight but variable. The texture is
medium to very fine. Its natural durability of resistance to decay is very good, resistance to
termites, very good and resistance to insects of dry wood, good.
Major uses include: Parquet flooring, cabinet work, turnery, walking sticks, musical instruments,
and cutlery and for making violin bows.

WASHIBA- Is a dark brown occasionally streaked black; cold to touch, fine textured and straight
to irregular grains. Washiba is a canopy tree with spreading crowns, on buttressed or with low
buttresses. Boles measure 50 to 60 feet in length, with a diameter between 24 to 36 inches. The
wood is very hard and strong, resistant to cross strain and very durable
Major uses of Washiba: Industrial and parquet flooring, sleepers, decking, outdoor furniture,
naval construction, decorative veneer, heavy carpentry, cabinet work, hydraulic works, turnery
tools handles, exterior and interior joinery, bridge and decking.
 REFERENCES

(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.tropic-timber.net/en/specie_one.html?nid=36&cid=0

Gerard, J. (1996). Major Timber Trees of Guyana. Timber Characteristics and Utilization.

Hardwood Lumber Supplies. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.hardwoodlumbersuppliers.com/hardwood-lumber.html