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Mathematics
Higher
Practice, Reasoning and Problem-solving Book
Confidence Fluency Problem-solving Reasoning
ALW AY S L E A R N I NG i
1119 PROGRESSION
Mathematics
Higher
Practice, Reasoning and Problem-solving Book
Confidence Fluency Problem-solving Reasoning
ALW AY S L E A R N I NG i
Published by Pearson Education Limited, 80 Strand, London A note from the publisher
WC2R 0RL. In order to ensure that this resource offers high-quality
support for the associated Pearson qualification, it has
www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk
been through a review process by the awarding body.
Copies of official specifications for all Edexcel qualifications This process confirms that; this resource fully covers the
may be found on the website: www.edexcel.com teaching and learning content of the specification or part
of a specification at which it is aimed. It also confirms
Text Pearson Education Limited 2015
that it demonstrates an appropriate balance between the
Edited by ProjectOne Publishing Solutions, Scotland
development of subject skills, knowledge and understand-
Typeset and illustrated by Tech-Set, Gateshead
ing, in addition to preparation for assessment. Endorse-
Original illustrations Pearson Education Limited 2015
ment does not cover any guidance on assessment activities
The rights of Bola Abiloye, Gemma Batty, Phil Boor, Cath- or processes (e.g. practice questions or advice on how to
erine Murphy and Claire Powis to be identified as authors of answer assessment questions), included in the resource nor
this work have been asserted by them in accordance with does it prescribe any particular approach to the teaching
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. or delivery of a related course. While the publishers have
made every attempt to ensure that advice on the qualifica-
First published 2015
tion and its assessment is accurate, the official specification
18 17 16 15 and associated assessment guidance materials are the only
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 authoritative source of information and should always be
referred to for definitive guidance. Pearson examiners have
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Library Examiners will not use endorsed resources as a source of
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro- is the only suitable material available to support the quali-
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Glyn Payne for his work on this book.
The publisher would like to thank the following for their
kind permission to reproduce their photographs:
Cover images: Front: Created by Fusako, Photography by
NanaAkua
Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders
of material reproduced in this book. Any omissions will be
rectified in subsequent printings if notice is given to the
publishers.
Contents
iii
11 Multiplicative reasoning 97 17 More algebra 148
11.1 Growth and decay 97 17.1 Rearranging formulae 148
11.2 Compound measures 98 17.2 Algebraic fractions 149
11.3 More compound measures 99 17.3 Simplifying algebraic fractions 149
11.4 Ratio and proportion 100 17.4 More algebraic fractions 150
Problem-solving 101 17.5 Surds 151
17.6 Solving algebraic fraction equations 152
12 Similarity and congruence 102
17.7 Functions 152
12.1 Congruence 102
17.8 Proof 153
12.2 Geometric proof and congruence 103
Problem-solving 154
12.3 Similarity 104
12.4 More similarity 106 18 Vectors and geometric proof 155
12.5 Similarity in 3D solids 107 18.1 Vectors and vector notation 155
Problem-solving 108 18.2 Vector arithmetic 155
18.3 More vector arithmetic 156
13 More trigonometry 110
18.4 Parallel vectors and collinear points 158
13.1 Accuracy 110
18.5 Solving geometric problems 159
13.2 Graph of the sine function 110
Problem-solving 160
13.3 Graph of the cosine function 112
13.4 The tangent function 113 19 Proportion and graphs 162
13.5 Calculating areas and the sine rule 115 19.1 Direct proportion 162
13.6 The cosine rule and 2D trigonometric 19.2 More direct proportion 162
problems 116 19.3 Inverse proportion 163
13.7 Solving problems in 3D 117 19.4 Exponential functions 165
13.8 Transforming trigonometric graphs 1 118 19.5 Non-linear graphs 166
13.9 Transforming trigonometric graphs 2 119 19.6 Translating graphs of functions 168
Problem-solving 121 19.7 Reflecting and stretching graphs of
functions 169
14 Further statistics 123
Problem-solving 171
14.1 Sampling 123
14.2 Cumulative frequency 124
14.3 Box plots 125
14.4 Drawing histograms 127
14.5 Interpreting histograms 127
14.6 Comparing and describing populations 129
Problem-solving 130
15 Equations and graphs 131
15.1 Solving simultaneous equations
graphically 131
15.2 Representing inequalities graphically 132
15.3 Graphs of quadratic functions 134
15.4 Solving quadratic equations
graphically 136
15.5 Graphs of cubic functions 137
Problem-solving 139
16 Circle theorems 141
16.1 Radii and chords 141
16.2 Tangents 142
16.3 Angles in circles 1 143
16.4 Angles in circles 2 144
16.5 Applying circle theorems 146
Problem-solving 147
iv
Welcome to Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Mathematics Higher
Practice, Reasoning and Problem-solving Book
This Practice Book is packed with extra practice on all the content of the Student Book
giving you more opportunities to practise answering simple questions as well as
problem-solving and reasoning ones.
Exam-style
questions
are included
throughout to help
you prepare for
your GCSE exam.
The letters P
and R are used
to show where a
question requires
you to problem- There is a section
solve or reason relating to every
mathematically mastery lesson in
essential skills for the Student Book.
your GCSE.
v
Problem-solving section
These are strategies that you have A QR code is given in the problem-solving section
learned so far in the Student Book. They where you learn a new strategy in that unit in the
build up as you work through the book. Student Book. Scan it to see the worked example
Consider whether they could help you to and remind yourself of the strategy.
answer some of the following questions.
vi
1 NUMBER
a Write down the different orders in which
1.1 N
umber problems they can finish first, second, third and
and reasoning fourth.
b How many different ways can the prizes be
1 A T-shirt manufacturer offers a choice of three awarded if there are
different coloured shirts red, green or blue, i 5 people and 5 prizes
and two different patterns spots or stripes. ii 10 people and 10 prizes
a Write down all possible combinations of iii 12 people and 12 prizes?
colours and patterns. 4 P A shop alarm needs a 5-character code.
b How did you order your list to make sure a How many different codes can be created
that you didnt miss any combinations? using
The manufacturer decides to offer yellow i 5 numbers
T-shirts as well. ii 5 letters
c How many possible combinations are iii 4 letters followed by 1 number?
there now? The shop owners decide not to repeat a digit
d Copy and complete. or letter.
3 colours and 2 patterns: b How many ways are possible in parts i to
combinations iii now?
4 colours and 2 patterns:
combinations
n colours and m patterns: 1.2 P
lace value and
combinations estimating
Another T-shirt company offers 4 colours,
2patterns and 3 different sizes. 1 Work out
e How many possible combinations are a 56 12 b
28 24
there now? c 14 48 d
7 96
2 Exam-style question 2 5.4 7.39 = 39.906
A bank asks for a 3-character PIN code. Use this fact to work out the calculations
The first character is a letter. below.
The other two characters are digits between Check your answers using an approximate
0 and 9 inclusive. calculation.
a How many choices are possible for each a 54 7.39
character of the code? b 5.4 0.00739
b What is the total number of 3-character c 0.0054 0.739
PIN codes possible? d 39.906 7.39
Amy chooses a PIN code beginning with e 3990.6 73.9
the letter A.
f 399.06 739
c How many different PIN codes are
possible for Amy? (5 marks) 3 R 18.4 9.07 = 166.888
a Write down three more calculations that
Q2 hint Inclusive means that the end have the same answer.
numbers are also included. b Write down a division that has an answer
of 18.4.
3 Four people, Anne, Brian, Colin and Danni c Write down a division that has an answer
enter a competition. Between the four of of 0.907.
them, they win first, second, third and fourth d Prue says that 18.4 907 = 16888.08.
prizes. Explain why Prue must be wrong.
____ _____
c 125 d
216
3 3
11 54 = 2 33 and 36 = 22 32
Write down, as a product of its prime factors,
2 Work out these.
a the HCF of 54 and 36
Use _______
a calculator to check your answers.
___________
b the LCM of 54 and 36.
252+27
3
a 52+122
b
__ ___ ____ ___
c 83+25 d 27
3 3
12 Exam-style question __25+42
______________
___
84
3
_____
Given that A = 23 52 7 and e 27+
8+118 f ________
B = 2 53 72 ____ ___
(2)2
____
100 _____16 2752
3
write down, as a product of its prime factors, g _____
3 ___ h
3 ___ _________
3 _____
a the HCF of A and B 1 8 125
b the LCM of A and B. (2 marks)
Q2e hint The square root applies to the
whole calculation. Work out the calculation
13 Write 96 as a product of its prime factors. inside the square root first.
14 PThe prime factor decomposition of 3000 is
23 3 53 3 Work out
Write down the prime factor decomposition a [(18 22) 2]3
of b 54 [21 3 + (15 9___ 2)]
a 8 b 25 c 24 d 75 c [73 (3 42) + 5] 16
( 49)
_1
_
1
16
___
1 5 1 a 36 2 b
9 2 c
4 65 43
43 10 Work out
Example
a 1253
_2
2
1 1
b 1000005
_2
25 5 56 3
65 _
(___
)
16 2
c 92 d
_3
25
4 1 1 e 162 f
_3
10003
_2
29 5 92 56
11 Work out _1 1
_
( 25) ( 8)
b Write a matching card for the two cards _
1
_
2
16 2 __
___ 1 3
a 25 8 b
2
3
that are left over. _41 _5
c (
10000 )
( )
______ 1 1 2
____
c Copy and complete. 100
(__
) = __
1
(b)
3 a 1 12 Find the value of n.
so __
= __ _____
5 a 100 = 10n
n
b ___ 1000 =10
4 Work out these.
=(___ )
n
1 3 27 64
Write each answer as a single power. c __
= 2n d ___
8__ 64
___
27
7677 3532 3
a 45 44 42 b _______ _______
c
4
e 2 = 2
5 n
f ( 25 ) = 5n
3 4
7
3 3
13 P / R Dan says that 83 252= 10
_1 _1
5 P a Copy and complete. 53 53 = 5
b Write down 53 as a whole number. a Show that Dan is wrong.
c 53 53 = 125 = b What mistake did he make?
d Copy and complete using parts a and c.
14 P / R Match the expressions with indices to
53 53 = 5 =
their values.
e Repeat parts a to d for 25 25.
1 1
f Write down a rule for a0, where a is any 8
3 1
2
number. 1 000 000
27 16
6 Work out
1
a 51 b 32 c 105 25 2 3
4
d ( __
) e
(__
) f
2 1
(
2_12)
1 4 1
36 2
2 5
g ( ) h ( ) i
4 2
__ 1 3
___ (0.3)1
3
3
5 10 1 2 1 5
8
j (0.25)3 k (21)0 l (8 4)1 10 000 32
7 a Use a calculator to work out 1
_
iv ( __
)
1 2
i 42 ii 1002 iii 1442 2
_1 _1 _1
4 9 8
3 5
b Copy and complete. 4 27 6
a2is the same as the _________
_1
____________ of a.
c Work out 31
_
iii ( ) iv 83
1
___
1.6 Powers of 10 and
_1 _
1 _1
i 83 ii 643
27
d Copy and complete.
a3is the same as the _________
_1 standard form
____________ of a.
e Copy and complete. 1 Write these prefixes in size order, starting
_1
i 81 = 3 so 81 4 = with the smallest.
_1
ii 1024 = 5 so 1024 5 = pico, milli, nano, tera, kilo, deci, micro, giga,
centi, mega
8 Evaluate 21
_ 21
_
( ) d ( )
_
1
_
1
4
__ 25
___ 2 Convert
a 1002 b
83 c
9 _1 49 a 3Tg into grams b
8m into metres
31
_ 2 31
_
( ) g ( ) h (
1000 )
_
1
1
___ 4
__ 1
_____
e 273 f
c 3.5Gg into kg d 9000ps into seconds.
27 9
5 ___ 5 17 answer as a surd in its simplest form.
a = __= b
__ ___
2 5 3
4
4
25 a b c
___ ___ ___
8 2 2
10 ___ 10 6
c ___
=____ ___
= d 1
64 64 16 6
5
2 3
8 Copy and complete the table using the 12
numbers below.
Rational Irrational 1 Problem-solving
___
5 _____ Solve problems using this Example
15
0.3120.01
__
strategy where appropriate:
___ 9
__
2
___
0.7100
____
9
3 Use pictures or lists.
25
9 Solve the equation x2 + 20 = 70, giving your 1 R Kevin cuts a 90cm length
answer as a surd in its simplest form. of wood into thirds by
estimating the places to cut.
10 Solve these equations, giving your answer as One piece is exactly a third of the total length.
a surd in its simplest form. The difference in length between the other
a 3x2 = 54 b _
13x2 = 225 two pieces is 5cm. How long is each piece?
c x2 5 = 75 d 2x2 + 2 = 42
Q1 hint Draw a picture of the three lengths.
11 The area of a square is 75cm2.
Find the length of one side of the square. 2 R 126314 tickets have been sold to a
Give your answer as a surd in its simplest concert in the park. On average, each ticket
form. holder throws away 942g of rubbish. The
rubbish will be taken away in trucks that
12 a Work out__ __ __ ___ must not carry more than 575kg each.
i 3__5 2__
3 ii 2__
7 3___
10 a Estimate the number of trucks that will be
iii 28 54 iv 62 711 needed.
b Use a calculator to check your answers to b Is this an under-estimate or an over-
parts i to iv. estimate? How can you tell?
2(39.8)2+7(2.14)3 fill a 12 litre bucket? Give your answer in
5 Rachel estimates that
_______________ standard form to 3 significant figures.
1.982
is about 8. The bucket will break if its contents weigh
a Without using a calculator, check if she is more than 15kg.
correct. c Can the bucket be lifted when it is half full
b Now use a calculator to arrive at the without breaking it? How can you tell?
correct answer.
c Comment on both your estimate and 9 Exam-style question
Rachels. One sheet of paper is 9 103cm thick.
6 The large gear has 24 teeth, the medium Mark wants to put 500 sheets of paper into
gears both have 20 teeth and the smallest the paper tray of his printer.
gear has 16 teeth. The paper tray is 4cm deep.
Is the paper tray deep enough for 500 sheets
16 of paper?
teeth You must explain your answer. (3 marks)
June 2013, Q15, 1MA0/1H
20 teeth 20 teeth
10 R This square has been split into four
sections. Section D has an area of 16.
24 teeth 3 2
2 2 A D
1 Simplify Therefore x = __
a y4 y2 b x3 x5 c b2 b c x2 x5 = x = x
d y3 y3 y3 e m
_1
2m 6 xx
x2 x5 = ______________ =__
xxxxx
2 Simplify
Therefore x = __
a 3b2 5b5 b 2a 3a2
c 5m3 10m4 d t6 2t2 10 Simplify
e 4s t 2st f
3 2 4 3a3b2 2ab3 4ab a a2 b m4 c
c1 d
r0
3 Simplify 11 Exam-style question
a10
a x3 x2 b a5 a3 c ___ a Simplify 12x3y2 3x2y4 (3 marks)
a4
y
3 p
7 b ab a3 = a
r6
d ___
y e __5 f ______ Work out b. (1 mark)
r pp3
4 Simplify
12 Simplify
12g4 9p3
a ____
b ____
a (y3)2 b (a4)3 c (m1)1 d (w4)0
2g
3 3p
13 Simplify
c 18x 6x d
4 2 16t10 8t5
a (a3b5)2 b (x3y3)3
5 Simplify
c (3mn2)1 d (____ 3)
2
5b6
a (x5)2 b
(y3)3 c
(t4)5 d
(r3)7
2a
6 Simplify 14 Simplify
(__
)
r3
3 ___ ___ ___ ______
a (3t2)3 b
(4m3)2 c a y10 b 4x4 c 9a6 d 16x8y2
2
7 The term in each brick in the wall is found 15 R Copy and complete
1 _ _ 1 _ _ 1 1
_ 1
2x3y Therefore a5=
2x2 16 Simplify
_1
2x a (2x2q3)2 b ( 16b8)2
_1 _1
c ( 27x3y9)3 d
(16x12y16)4
Q7 hint To find the term in the yellow brick
you must work out 24x8y 2x3y
2.2 E
xpanding and
8 Simplify factorising
( 2xy5)
3 6 2
4x y
a (3x2y3)2 b (2x3y5)3 c (5x2y)4 d _____
x13
9 R Copy and complete 1 R a Write down
a x4 x4 = x = x an expression
x4 containing brackets
x4 x4 = ___
4= 7
x for the area of
Therefore x = the rectangle.
8 R a Find the first term in the arithmetic a Work out the difference between the two
sequence 24, 31, 38, 45, which is greater inputs.
than 300. b Work out the difference between the two
b Find the first term in the arithmetic outputs.
sequence 400, 330, 260, which is less c Use your answers to parts a and b to find
than zero. the value of p in the function machine.
9 A baby girl gains 0.5lb in weight per week. d Work out the value of q.
a If the baby weighs 8.2lb at age 2 weeks, 14 R Find the values of p and q in this function
how much does she weigh when she is age machine when the inputs 1 and 12 produce
i 3 weeks outputs of 10 and 42 respectively.
ii 4 weeks
iii 5 weeks? 3p 1q
b How long will it be before she weighs more
than 2 stone?
b Copy and complete for the sequence Q14 hint Use the method in Q13.
vn = 2n2 + n 5
sequence 22 5 16 31 50 15 The nth term of a sequence is un = 2n.
Show that the product of the 5th, 6th and 7th
1st differences 17 111 terms is 218.
6 Factorise
Use pictures or lists
a x2 16 b
y2 121 c
t2 64 Use smaller numbers.
7 Factorise 1 R Tom finds the original plan of his house
and sees that a rectangular extension has
a x2 + 5x + 6 b x2 + 5x + 4 Example
been built on the side. The rectangular area
c x + 6x + 5 d
2 x2 x 6
of the ground floor on the original plan is
e x2 + 2x 8 f x2 2x 3 10m long 8m wide. Theextension is the
g x + x 20 h
2 x2 + 9x + 14 full width of the house but Tom does not
i x2 3x 18 j x2 + 2x 15 know the length.
k x2 + 7x 30 l x2 + 20x + 100 a What is the area of the whole ground floor
if the unknown length is x?
8 P Charlie and James are given a mystery Expand your answer.
number.
Tom wants to widen his house by 3m.
Charlie squares the number.
b What would be the new total area of the
a Write down an algebraic expression to ground floor?
represent Charlies number. Expand and simplify your answer.
James adds 2 to the number and then After his extension is built, Tom decides to lay
squares then result. flooring on the whole of the ground floor but
b Write down an algebraic expression to not in the kitchen.
represent Jamess number. He knows that the kitchen is 4m wide but he
Jamess number is 32 larger than Charlies. does not know the length y.
c What was the original number? c What is the total area of floor to be covered?
Q8a hint Let x represent the mystery number. Q1 hint Draw a picture.
Size 16 5 1 5 0
A
100
80
Frequency
60 Height (cm)
Weight (kg)
from side to side.
60
The pendulum starts in a vertical position
and begins to swing.
50
Price (p) 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38
60%
Test B
Number sold 12 13 15 14 8 12 4 12
Draw a scatter graph and describe any 40%
relationship between the price of the
chocolate bars and the number of bars sold. 20%
Suggest a possible reason for this
relationship.
0
0 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
5 R The manager of a coffee shop records the
daily temperature and the number of hot Test A
chocolates sold in one week. a What type of correlation does the
Day Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat scattergraph show?
Interpret your answer. (1 mark)
Temperature (C) 9 8 5 4 7 6
b What was the highest mark in
Number of hot Test B? (1 mark)
5 6 5 7 9 15
chocolates sold
c What was the range of marks for
a Draw a scatter graph and comment on any Test A? (2 marks)
relationship between the two variables.
b The manager says that the colder it is the
more hot chocolates are sold.
Does the scatter graph provide statistical 3.4 Line of best fit
evidence to support the managers view?
1 Which line, A, B or C, is the best line of best
6 What sort of correlation would you expect to
fit for the data points on the scatter graph?
find between
a a students mark in a maths test and in a B
science test A
b the speed of a train and the time taken to
travel 100 miles
c the number of magazines a student buys
and their weight? C
Growth (cm)
6
Test B
64 39 74 80 55 50 60 66 5
(%)
4
a Draw a scatter graph for Example 3
this data. 2
b Draw a line of best fit on 1
your graph. 0
c Use your line of best fit to 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
estimate the score in test B Rainfall (mm)
of a student who scores 80% in test A. Sample B
d Estimate the score in test A of a student
who scores 50% in test B. 6
Growth (cm)
5
3 A lorry driver records the distance travelled
4
and the number of litres of fuel used on each
3
of 6 journeys.
2
Distance 1
105 124 78 125 102 91
(miles)
0
Fuel 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
158 195 110 185 160 140 Rainfall (mm)
(litres)
a Draw a line of best fit on a scatter graph a Use the given lines of best fit to work out
and use the line to estimate the number two estimates for the growth of the crops
of litres of fuel used for a 110-mile journey. if the rainfall is 4.5mm.
The fuel tank on the lorry holds 1500 litres. b Which of the estimates is likely to be more
b Estimate how far the lorry can go between reliable? Give two reasons for your answer.
refuellings. 6 R The heights (to the nearest metre) and
trunk circumferences of 6 trees are recorded.
4 R The table shows the outside temperature
The table shows the height, h (in metres) and
and the daily heating costs of a house.
circumference, C (in cm) of the trees.
Temperature
10 6 7 3 0 4 h (m) 2 3 4 5 6 7
(C)
Heating cost C (cm) 30 82 93 101 112 120
12 16 14 20 24 18
() a Draw a scatter graph for this data.
a Draw a line of best fit on a scatter graph b Why is the first point classified as an
and use it to estimate outlier? Suggest a possible reason for this.
i the daily heating cost if the outside c Draw a line of best fit passing close to the
temperature is 8C remaining five points.
ii the outside temperature if the heating d Use the line to estimate the circumference
cost is 15 of a tree which is 3.5m in height.
iii the daily heating cost if the outside e Estimate the height of a tree with
temperature is 15C. circumference 125cm.
b Which of these estimates do you think is
the least reliable? 7 The table shows the age, x (in years) and
Give a reason for your answer. shoe size, y, of a sample of 9 boys.
Age, x 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
5 R Two surveys are carried out on crop
Shoe size, y 1 3 5 6 7 8 8.5 8.5 9
growth.
The results are shown on the scatter graphs. a Draw a scatter graph of this data.
0 < T , 20 2 8
20 < T , 40 19 6
40 < T , 60 14 4
2
60 < T , 80 2
0
a How many students spent less than 0 10 20 30 40 50
20minutes watching TV? Time (min)
b How many students altogether spent less
a How many people travelled for more
than 40 minutes watching TV?
than 20 minutes? (1 mark)
c How many students altogether spent less
b If the average time spent travelling
than 60 minutes watching TV?
to workis more than 30 minutes, the
d State the modal class. company will consider allowing its
e Explain why the median is the 19th value. employees to work from home.
f Use your answers to parts a to d to work out Should the company consider allowing
which class interval contains the median. employees to work from home?(4 marks)
Profit ( millions)
their choices.
Chicken Vegetarian Total
Cheese 15 23 5
Ice cream 5
Total 50
Copy and complete the table. 4
2 R A school offers three language options 0
0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
and two humanities options at GCSE. Year
Students must choose one language and one
humanities option. The supermarket chain says that this shows
that the profit has increased by over 50% in
French German Mandarin Total the 4 years between 2010 and 2014.
History 57 18 126 a Explain why this graph is misleading.
Geography 12 b Draw a correct version.
Total 35 200 Comment on what this shows about the
actual increase in percentage profit.
a Copy and complete the table.
b What percentage of the students study Q4a hint Look closely at the vertical scale.
Mandarin?
c Which humanities option was more 5 A soft drinks supplier produces a bar chart
popular? showing sales of their soft drinks and uses
Give reasons for your answer. it to support the claim that sales of cola are
more than twice those of the other drinks.
3 R A survey was carried out in a town to find
Give two reasons why the diagram is
out if more parking spaces were needed.
misleading.
Of 60 men surveyed, 23 thought there were
not enough spaces. Sales of drinks
Of 60 women surveyed, 30% thought there
were enough spaces. 500
The town has equal numbers of men and
women.
Cans sold (millions)
Still drinks
300
0
Type of soft drink
20
e Was the number of sunflowers 240cm or
15
taller greater or less than the number that
10 were shorter than 240cm?
5 Explain how you know from looking at
0 thegraph.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Time (minutes) (2 marks) 10 Stacey, Paula and Mark are looking at the
b Write down the modal class same scatter graph. They each draw a line of
interval. (1 mark) best fit.
One of the office workers is picked at random.
c Work out the probability that this Mark
worker took more than 40 minutes to get
to the office. (2 marks)
November 2012, Q12, 1MA0/2H
Stacey
c 3_47 1_25 d
3__
7 _5
10 26 11 Work out these subtractions. Example
5 Work out a 5_34 2_16 b
6_78 1_35
a 3_14 8 b
10 _59 c 2_45 3__
3
2_16 5__
10 d
7
12
Value of X p 20 45 r 108
3 A train ticket normally costs 182.
Value of Y 10 q 24 54 s
Georgegets a 30% discount.
12 The cost of wood is directly proportional How much does George pay for the train ticket?
toits length.
A 3000mm piece of wood costs 58.50. 4 R Dan has 2500 invested for 2 years.
Work out the cost of 10000mm of this wood. Theinvestment increases by 5% each year.
Work out the value of the investment after
13 P The weight of a metal rod is directly a 1 year b 2 years.
proportional to its volume.
A metal rod weighs 350g and has a volume of 5 a Work out the amount of simple interest
15.71cm3. earned in one year for each of these
Work out the volume of another rod made investments.
from the same metal that weighs 475g. i 450 at 3% per year
Write your answer to 2 d.p. ii 6000 at 7.5% per year
b Gary invests 23750 for 3 years at 4.25%
14 Exam-style question simple interest.
Bob is on holiday in Spain. How much is his investment worth at the
He pays 51.98 for 45 litres of petrol. end of the 3 years?
When Bob returns to the UK, he pays
44.03 for 37 litres of petrol. 6 P Income tax is paid on any money you earn
The exchange rate is 1 = 1.28 over your personal tax allowance.
In which country is it cheaper to buy In 201415, the personal tax allowance was
petrol? (4 marks) 10000.
Above this amount, tax is paid at different
rates, depending on how much you earn.
Q14 hint You only need to convert one of The table shows the tax rates you paid in
the prices into the other currency, not both, each band in 201415.
before you look at the amount of petrol.
Tax rate Taxable income
Personal allowance 0% Up to 10000
1 Tariq gets an electricity bill. Work out the amount of income tax each of
The cost of the electricity used before the these people paid in the 201415 tax year.
VATis added is 493.80. a Harry earns 18900 per annum.
VAT is charged at 5% on domestic fuel bills. b Sheila earns 27950 p.a.
What is the cost of the electricity bill, c Claire earns 57560 p.a.
including VAT? d Aylish earns 85735 p.a.
x 31.05 30.92
4 Exam-style question
Which is closer to 65%,_3or __
2 9
14?
3
You must show your working. (3 marks)
5A
NGLES AND TRIGONOMETRY
2 R ABCD is a parallelogram.
5.1 Angle properties B C
of triangles and
quadrilaterals
75
A D
1 ABC and CDE are straight lines.
AE is parallel to BD. a Copy the parallelogram and extend each
side as shown below.
E
B C
D
81
75
68 A D
A
C B
b Work out the other angles in the
Work out the size of parallelogram.
a AB b
D D
AE c What do you notice about the opposite
c BD d
C E
AC angles?
d Repeat with different parallelograms.
Is your observation in part c still true?
R 114
y
x z
E G
F
a What is the value of x + y + z?
Give a reason for your answer.
b Write the size of each of these angles in
terms of x, y and z.
i angle FBC ii angle FCB 63 z
Q P
Give reasons for your answers.
c Use your answer to part a to derive the V
c
sum of the angles in a triangle.
4 Exam-style question
28
B
A C
x
x
111 S
D F T U
E
d H
ABC and DEF are straight lines.
AC is parallel to DF. BE = BF.
Calculate the size of the angle marked x.
You must give reasons for your answer.
(4 marks)
w G
5 R In this diagram a diagonal divides the F
quadrilateral into two triangles. v
f D E
d
b 7 R ABCD is a parallelogram. Example
CDE is an isosceles triangle.
ADEF is a straight line.
a
c e
Angle BAD = 64.
B C
Use the diagram to prove that the angle sum
of a quadrilateral is 360.
6 Work out the size of each angle marked with
a letter. 64
a B A D E F
71 y
A D
C
Q9 hint Use the fact that the angles in a 6 The sum of the interior angles Example
quadrilateral add up to 360 to write an of a polygon is 1980.
equation. How many sides does the
polygon have?
77
32
x a
82
b
s 130
100 50
r x 1 20
5 cm 7 Exam-style question
ABCD is a trapezium.
8 cm AB = 5cm
b c 6.5 cm BC = 6cm
AD = 10cm
B 6 cm C
7 cm
7.8 cm 5 cm
3 cm
A D
10 cm
Q1 hint Do not round before taking the Calculate the perimeter of ABCD.
square root. Use all the figures on your Give your answer correct to 1 decimal
calculator display. place. (3 marks)
1 Exam-style question
D C
A 18 cm
c A 13 cm
B
11 cm
6m 5.3 m
C
7 P ABC is an isosceles A
3 The screen of a TV set has a diagonal length
triangle.
of 1.22m and a height of 60cm.
D is the midpoint of BC.
Work out the height
of the triangle.
1.22 m 8 cm 8 cm
60 cm Give your answer h
in surd form.
8 cm Q3a hint
x adj
Use cosu=____
hyp
b
x
11 cm
Calculate the value of x. 5 cm
Give your answer correct to 3 significant
figures. (3 marks)
7 P / R A tent makes c
an angle of 65 with
the horizontal.
The tent is 2.1m 2.5 m 2.5 m 8.3 cm
wide and the
sloping sides are
2.5m long. x
65 65
Calculate the 5.8 cm
height of the tent. 2.1 m
7 km 2 cm
1 cm
30
x A B
A a Use the diagram to write these ratios as
fractions.
a How much further does the first ship
i sin30 ii cos60
travel?
b Work out the length of AB.
b On what bearing from north (x) should the
Leave your answer in surd form.
second ship travel?
c Write these ratios as exact values using
Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place.
surds.
7 P Natasha stands at the top of a 61m tower. i sin60 ii cos30
Dominic is standing on the ground 75m from iii tan60 iv tan30
the base of the tower.
12 Find the exact value of x in these triangles.
What is the angle of depression of Dominic
a b
from Natasha?
x
8 P Work out the area of this isosceles triangle.
2
1
3
6 cm x
1
c
x
72
11 cm 9 cm
1 R Neil is building a rabbit hutch in the shape The headline read, McCline storms ahead in
of a triangular prism. The end view of the local election.
hutch makes an isosceles triangle with a base How is this bar chart misleading?
of 80cm. The angle of the roof of the hutch is
5 R Geometric tiling is used all over the world
76. Part of the side panel folds down to be
to create patterns. A geometric pattern has
flat on the ground.
been started below with a regular hexagon
Neil wants to know the exterior angle that is and a square.
made when the side panel is open, to make
a Find angles a and b.
sure he has the correct hinge.
a Use the information given to draw an end
view of the hutch with the door down.
Usea scale of 1cm:10cm.
Label all known interior angles of the
triangle. a b
c
Use the diagram below as a starting point.
b Use angles a and b to find angle c.
c Use angle c to find which regular polygon
will fit to join the two shapes.
2 R Pia is part of a calling tree. The first person 7 Juan pours 6_16litres of water into some jugs.
calls three people, then each person in this Each jug can hold 1_14litres.
second round calls three people and so on. How many jugs can Juan fill?
a How many people have been called after
the fifth round? 8 The Elizabeth Tower in London is 96.3m tall.
b Write the expression to find the number of From a point on the ground 25m away,
people called in the nth round. what is the angle of elevation to the top of
thetower?
3 R Use the information in the diagram to find Give your answer to the nearest whole
angles a, b and c. number.
c
48
a b
BC = 6.5cm
6.9 cm
a Find the length of the hypotenuse to 1 d.p. 11.5 cm
b Find the angles of the triangle to 1 d.p. x
Diagram NOT
accurately drawn
Q9 hint We know one of the angles is 90 as Q
it is a right-angled triangle. Use SOHCAHTOA QRS is a right-angled triangle.
to find one of the missing angles and then
Calculate the size of the angle marked x.
subtract from 180.
Give your answer to 1 decimal place.
(3 marks)
6 GRAPHS
3 a Match each line to an Example
6.1 Linear graphs equation.
C y A B
1 On squared paper, draw a line with gradient 8
a 2 7 D
b _13 6
c 1 5
E
2 Copy and complete this table for the graphs 4
on the grid. 3
2
Equation of line Gradient y-intercept
1
y = 3x 2
24 23 22 21O 1 2 3 4 x
y = 3x 21
22
y = 3x + 1
23
CB A 24
y
25
4
26
3
27
2
28
1
24 23 22 21O 1 2 3 4 x y 5 3x 1 3 y 5 2x 1 1 y 5 2x 1 1
21
22
23 y 5 22x y 5 2x 2 1
24
b Which line passes through the origin?
c Which line is the steepest?
d Which lines have the same y-intercept?
e Which lines are parallel?
Distance (miles)
9 P Work out the equations of these straight- 5
line graphs. 4
a The line with gradient 2 that passes 3
through the point (0, 3) 2
1
b The line with gradient 1 that passes
0
through the point (4, 0) 09:00 10:00 11:00
c The line with gradient _12that passes Time of day
through the point (2, 5)
d The line with gradient 4 that passes a How far is Aahils house from his friends
through the point (1, 1) house?
b What time does he arrive at his friends
10 Find the gradient of the line joining points
house?
A (3, 1) and B (6, 5)
c How long does he take to cycle there?
a by drawing the graph and using the formula
d How long does he stay at his friends
difference in y-coordinates
gradient=_______________________
house?
difference in x-coordinates e What was his speed on the way to his
y2y1 friends house?
b using the formula m=______
x2x1
where
f Work out the gradient for his cycle ride to
A = (x1, y1) and B = (x2, y2) hisfriends house.
(3, 1) (6, 5) What do you notice?
11 R P is the point (2, 4). Q is the point (4, 0).
Q1f hint Find the time as a fraction of an
a Find the gradient of line PQ.
hour when finding the gradient.
b Write y = mx + c using your gradient from
part a. Substitute the coordinates of Q into
2 Fadeelah goes for a run.
this equation. Solve to find c.
She runs for 1 hour and travels 5 miles.
c Write the equation of the line PQ.
Shethen stops for a half-hour break.
12 To find the coordinates of the point where Thenshe runs a further 3 miles in 40 minutes.
these graphs intersect a On graph paper draw a horizontal axis
y = 2x 1 and y = x 4 from 0 to 3 hours and a vertical axis from
a write the two equations equal to each other 0to 8 miles.
b solve to find x Draw a distancetime graph to show
c substitute x into one of the first equations Fadeelahs run.
to find y b Work out her speed for the last part of her
d write the coordinates (x, y). run.
Distance (miles)
4
James drove from Petersfield to London.
3
He left home at 11:00.
The graph represents part of Jamess journey. 2
Jamess drive to London 1
Portsmouth 0
70 10:00 10:30
London
60 Time
Distance (miles)
50
a Use the graph to estimate how far the
40 ferries are from Portsmouth when they
30 pass each other.
20 b Work out the speed for each part of the
10 journey for Ferry A.
Petersfield 0 c When was Ferry B travelling fastest?
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 Howcan you tell this from the graph?
Time
d Which ferry travelled faster on average?
At 12:00 James stopped for a rest.
a How many minutes did he rest? (1 mark) 8 R These three vases are filled with water at a
b How far was James from home constant rate.
at 13:00? (1 mark)
The last 5 miles took James 30 minutes.
c Copy and complete the graph. (1 mark)
A B C
5 The table shows a bus journey from
Bournemouth to Salisbury. The bus stops at a In which container does the depth of water
Ringwood and Fordingbridge on the way. not increase at a constant rate?
b Which graph shows this?
Bus stop Time
Bournemouth (departing) 0705 i ii iii
Depth
Depth
Depth
order?
1 2 R The graph shows the conversion from
miles (m) to kilometres (km).
0 Conversion graph for miles and kilometres
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12 0
00
20
12
24
36
48
60
72
84
96
8
10
Time (s) 18
16
Work out
Kilometres
14
a Donalds maximum velocity 12
b how many minutes his velocity was greater 10
than 1m/s 8
6
c his acceleration for the first part of the
4
journey 2
d the distance Donald travelled during the 0
last 8 minutes of the journey. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
e Copy and complete this description of Miles
Donalds journey. a How many km are equivalent to 10 miles?
He accelerated at m/s2 for the first b How many miles are equivalent to 14km?
minutes, then travelled at a constant c Work out the gradient of the graph.
velocity of m/s for minutes. Next, ...
3 R The graph shows the cost of renting a car
Q10c and e hint Acceleration is given by the in Spain for a number of days.
change in velocity (m/s)
gradient: ____________________
Cost of car hire
time (s)
500
300
1 P A company is buying branded memory
sticks to give to its customers. 200
The graph shows the price per stick
depending on how many are ordered. 100
70 i Car A ii Car B?
60 What is the practical meaning of
50 b the y-intercept value for Car A
40 c the point where the two graphs intersect?
30
20 d Another lease package, for Car C, is
10 introduced. With Car C you will pay 90 per
0 month for unlimited miles.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Which package should each person
Time (minutes) choose?
a What does the y-intercept tell you? Danny: Average 250 miles per month.
b Use the graph to estimate the teas Sally: Average 500 miles per month.
temperature half an hour after it is made.
Age
2.4 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0
Cost ()
(years) Plan A
Value
6600 6000 5200 5000 4400 3800 y 5 2x
()
10
a From this data, work out the value of
i a 5-year old car
ii a 7-year old car. (4 marks)
b Which value is more reliable? 0
Why? (2 marks) 0
Calls (hours)
Height, h (m)
through (2, 7). (2 marks) 5
4
3
50
40
x x x
30
Day 1
20 Day 2
D F 10
E
y y y 0
0
0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
x x x Time of day
a How far does he cycle on
i Day 1 ii Day 2?
8 Use the graphs you drew in Q4 to solve the b Which day does his cycle ride take longer,
equations and by how many minutes is it longer?
a x3 1 = 0 b x3 + 2 = 0 c x3 1 = 5 c Work out his greatest speed on Day 2.
Number of bacteria
dish. 28
0
0 1 2 3 a How many 24
Time (s) 20
bacteria were
there at the 16
Q2 hint Any object when dropped will reach start of the 12
terminal velocity. This is the point where the experiment? 8
velocity will not increase any more and is
b Explain how 4
constant.
you found 0
0 1 2 3 4 5
your answer
3 R Here are two sets of data. Days
to parta.
Data set A c Estimate the number of bacteria after
x 3 3 4 6 6 8 9 9 i 2 days ii 5 days.
y 7 6 10 13 14 16 19 20 d Describe the change in the number of
bacteria from
Data set B i day 1 to day 2
x 3 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.8 ii day 2 to day 3
iii day 3 to day 4.
y 10.5 10.7 12.0 12.6 12.5 14.9 15.5 15.4
6 R The graph Liquid temperature
a Plot each set of data on a scatter graph.
shows the
b Describe the correlation for each set. temperature of 100
c Draw a line of best fit for the graph for a liquid during 90
data set A. What does this show? an experiment. 80
Temperature (C)
Distance (miles)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Years 10
30
b x2 + y2 = 9
25
c x2 + y2 = 100
20
d x2 + y2 = 25
15
10
6 Problem-solving 5
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Solve problems using these strategies where Number of people
appropriate:
a What were the approximate highest and
Use pictures lowest maximum daily temperatures
Use smaller numbers during the two weeks?
Use bar models b What were the approximate highest and
Use x for the unknown. lowest numbers of people at the pool over
the two weeks?
c Explain how you know if there is a
correlation or not.
d Make a statement summarising the results
shown on this graph.
4 Exam-style question
The scatter graph shows information
aboutthe height and arm length of each of D E
8students in Year 11.
120
100
Arm length (cm)
90
10 cm
20.5 m
4 Exam-style question
7.5 m
Sheila has a 8m
15 m
rectangular garden 1m
b Work out the area. with two triangular
flower beds of
6 cm
equal size.
3 cm 10 m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m
3.8 cm She wants to cover
the shaded area
10 cm 2 cm
3.8 cm with gravel.
1m
The gravel is sold in
3 cm
bags.
c Work out the shaded area. There is enough gravel in one bag to cover
6m2 of garden.
75 mm
Each bag of gravel costs 12.
Work out the least cost of putting gravel on
Sheilas garden. (4 marks)
120 mm
75 mm
5 P Brian wants to paint this wall.
120 mm
a 5 cm b 2.5 m
3.5 m
4 cm One tin of paint covers 8m2.
8m
11 m Brian needs to paint two coats.
8 cm
How many tins of paint does he need to buy?
6 The area of this trapezium is 66cm2.
c d 1 cm
5 cm
1.5 mm 12 cm
h
10 mm
19 cm 17 cm
a Work out the upper and 3 a Explain why the shapes in Q2 are prisms.
lower bounds for the b Work out the perimeter of the triangular
length and width. face of the solid in Q2b.
b Calculate the upper and lower bounds for c Multiply the perimeter of the cross-section
the area of the rectangle. by the length of the solid and add the area
of the triangular faces. What do you notice?
13 R The dimensions of this isosceles
trapezium are given to 1 d.p. 4 Work out the volume of each prism.
5.9 cm a 8 cm b
3 cm 2 cm
3.0 cm
3 cm 9 cm
6.5 cm
2.5 cm
c 40 mm d
80 mm 10 m
Work out the upper and lower bounds for its
perimeter.
3m 2m
100 mm
14 R A triangle has area 54.4cm2to 1 d.p. 55 mm 25 m
Its base length is 9.95cm (to 2 d.p.). 8.5 m
90 mm
a Write the upper and lower bounds for the
area and the base length. 5 R This triangular
prism has volume 11.2 cm
b Work out
373.5cm3. 7.5 cm
lower bound for area 2
i _________________________
a Work out the
upper bound for base length value of b. 12 cm
b
upper bound for area 2 b Sketch its net
ii ________________________
and work out its surface area to 1 d.p.
lower bound for base length
c What is the lower bound for the height of Q5a hint Write and solve an equation:
the triangle to 2 d.p.? volume = 373.5 = _12 b
c d
5m 8 R a Work out the area and circumference of
11.9 cm
a circle with radius 7cm
i in terms of p ii to 2 s.f.
b Which values for the area and
4 Exam-style question circumference are the most accurate?
Tariq designs a pattern for a park square in 9 The circumference of a circle is 215cm.
the city centre. a Substitute the value for C into the formula
He draws this design to be made from dark C = pd
grey and light grey gravel. b Solve the equation to find the diameter to
Each bag of gravel covers an area of 8m2. 1 d.p.
10 Find the radius of a circle with circumference
20m. Give your answer to 1 d.p.
50 m
11 a Find the radius of a circle Example
with area 484cm2.
How many bags of dark grey and light grey Give your answer to the
gravel are needed to complete the design? nearest cm.
You must show your working. (5 marks) b Find the diameter of a
circle with area 952cm2.
5 Georgie owns a factory which produces Give your answer to the nearest mm.
aluminium bars for climbing gear.
The diagram shows the cross-section of one 12 a Copy and complete to make r the subject
of the bars. of the formula for the area of a circle.
A = pr2
A
__
10 mm =r 2
___
13 mm A
__
=
15 cm
2.5 cm
8 Work out the area of the sector in Q7.
Give your answer to 3 s.f.
100 m
x
Work out to the nearest metre
9 cm
a the area of the racecourse
b the perimeter of the racecourse. Find the angle of the sector, to the nearest
degree.
51 mm
x
8 cm
80 mm
94 mm
12 P This sector has area 24m2.
Find the radius.
Give your answer to a suitable degree of c 6m
accuracy.
25 cm
h
14 P Calculate the area of the shaded region.
Give your answer in terms of p.
7.6 C
ylinders and 6 P A cylinder has total surface area 33cm2
and diameter 10mm.
spheres Work out its height, to the nearest millimetre.
1 R The volume of a cylinder of radius r and Q6 hint Substitute the values into the
height h is V = pr2h surface area formula and solve.
10 cm
45 mm
10 cm
180 mm
6 cm 6 cm
2 cm
13 cm
2 R Sketch the solids represented by these
plans and elevations. 4 cm
a Plan Front Side On a centimetre-square grid, draw an
accurate plan view of the solid prism from
the direction of the arrow. (2 marks)
26 24 22 O 2 4 6 8 10 x
22 B
24 5 a Copy and enlarge each shape by the
given scale factor about the centre of
26
enlargement shown.
a What is the scale factor of the i scale factor _13
enlargement?
b Copy the diagram.
Join corresponding vertices on the object
and the image with straight lines.
Extend the lines until they meet at the
centre of enlargement. ii scale factor _12
c Write the coordinates of the centre of
enlargement.
d Copy and complete to describe the
enlargement from A to B.
Enlargement by scale factor ____ ,
centre ( ____ , ____ ). iii scale factor _13
Cherbourg 105
Manchester
Vale
Herm FRANCE Amsterdam
St Peter
Port
Guernsey
Sark
Carteret 11 P a The bearing of B from A is 125.
Workout the bearing of A from B.
Jersey b The bearing of C from D is 322.
Jersey Zoo
Rozel Work out the bearing of D from C.
Captive Island
St Aubin St Helier
12 Exam-style question
The diagram shows the N
6 The diagram shows the relative positions of
positions of two boats,
towns A, B and C.
B and C.
C Boat T is on a bearing
of 190 from boat B. B 150
Boat T is on a bearing
N
35 51 of 315 from boat C.
A 6 km B Draw an accurate diagram
to show the position of boat T.
a Make an accurate scale drawing using a
Mark the position of boat T C
scale of 1:50000.
with a cross ().
b Work out the real distances AC and CB.
Label it T. (3 marks)
7 P The distance between Heathrow and
Gatwick is 35km.
The bearing of Gatwick from Heathrow is155.
Make an accurate scale map of the locations 8.6 Constructions 1
of the two airports, using a scale of 1cm to
5km. 1 Construct an accurate drawing Example
of this triangle.
8 P A ship is 120km east of a port. The ship
R
then sails on a bearing of 310 for 90km. 8 cm
a Make an accurate scale drawing. 5 cm Q
Use a scale of 1cm to 20km.
11 cm
b What is the bearing of the port from the P
ship?
8m 8m
c Keeping the compasses the same, repeat
from point B. Repeat until you have six
E
points on the circumference.
d Join alternate points on the circumference.
B D A
8m e Name the shape you have constructed.
10 m 25 24 23 22 21 O 1 2 3 4 5 x
21
Make an accurate scale drawing of this barn. 22
Use a scale of 1cm to 2m. 23
Accurately shade the region where the dog 24
can roam. 25
11 P ABCD is a rectangle with sides 7cm and
3cm. y
5
A 7 cm B
4
3 cm 3
2
D C
1
Copy the diagram. Shade the region that is
closer to AB than BC and more than 2cm 25 24 23 22 21 O 1 2 3 4 5 x
21
from A. 22
12 A graph x2 + y2 = 40000 shows the region 23
covered by a radio mast, where x and y are 24
inmetres. 25
a Draw a coordinate grid from 300 to +300
on both axes. Plot the graph.
Sue-Ellen is designing a patchwork quilt.
b What area does the radio mast cover? Shestarted with the shape on the first grid
Give your answer to the nearest thousand and then used three transformations to
square metres. create the pattern on the second grid.
Whatcould the three transformations be?
8 Problem-solving
3 An ancient fort has 9 sides.
Solve problems using these strategies where a What is the sum of the interior angles of
appropriate: the floor plan of the fort?
b If all 9 sides of the fort were of equal
Use pictures or lists length, what would each interior angle be?
Use smaller numbers
c The angles are actually one of three sizes.
Use bar models Three of the angles measure x, three
Use x for the unknown measure 2x, and the remaining three
Use a flow diagram. measure 3x.
What are the three sizes of angles?
1 Kelly needs to draw some
construction drawings
4 Michaela bought a car for 5700 plus
for a model she is making.
VAT at 20%. She will pay the cost of the car
Use the picture to draw
in12 equal monthly payments.
the plan, side elevation
What is the amount of each monthly
and front elevation
payment?
for Kellys model.
T
M
G
School
5 Solve
9.3 Completing the square
a (3x 9)(x + 5) = 0
b (2y + 7)(3y 21) = 0 1 Write a quadratic expression for the area of
c (4t 5)(2t 5) = 0 the large square.
d (3d + 7)(3d 10) = 0 x 3
x
Q5a hint Either 3x 9 = 0 or x + 5 = 0
6 Solve 3
a 2x2 + 7x + 3 = 0
b 3x2 + 7x + 4 = 0
c 4x2 + 5x 21 = 0 Q1 hint Write an expression with two brackets.
Expand to get a quadratic expression.
d 4x2 16x + 15 = 0
21 3 Exam-style question
2 < x , 5 where x is an integer.
22 a Write down all the possible values
of x. (2 marks)
23 b Write down the inequality represented
on the number line.
a Write the equation for the circle.
b Use an algebraic method to find the 25 24 23 22 21 0 1 2 x
points where the line y = 3x + 1 crosses (2 marks)
the circle.
3x
c 3 , ___, 6 25 24 23 22 21 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
2
2x+3 (2 marks)
d 1 < ______
, 1
5
7 Solve 2x2 + 4x 3 = 0.
Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
8 cm
12 cm 8 R The outdoor area of a pre-school is 42m2.
6 cm The storage shed in the outdoor area has
dimensions b b.
a Does Marcia have enough glitter to The dimensions of the outdoor area are
completely cover the box? 3b (b + 5).
b What extra information did you need What are the dimensions of the shed?
to find before you could answer part a?
Howdid you find it? Q8 hint Draw a picture.
c What is the volume of the box?
4 R Jessica is putting together a flat-pack 9 Solve these simultaneous equations.
bookcase. Some of the shelves are slightly 5x + y = 6
longer than others even though they are all x2 + y = 12
meant to be the same length. She works out
that the lengths have been rounded to the 10 R Three equations are written on the board.
nearest centimetre. x2 5x + 7 = 0
a If a shelf is meant to be 75cm what are x2 + y2 = 34
the possible values it could be? y = 3x + 4
b If one shelf is the upper bound value and a Clay has been asked to choose one of the
one shelf is the lower bound value, what is equations to draw a circle.
the size of the gap that would be created?
Which equation does Clay use to draw the
c How would rounding to the nearest tenth circle?
of a centimetre affect the measurements
b What is the centre point of this circle?
of the shelves?
c Clay is asked to choose one of the other
5 Jonathan has two bags of oranges and three equations to draw a straight line.
bags of apples. They weigh 17lb. Which equation does he choose?
Corinne has three bags of oranges and four d Use the equations from parts a and c and
bags of apples. They weigh 24lb. solve them simultaneously to find the
How much does one bag of apples weigh? points where the line intersects the circle.
1 2 3 4 5 11 Exam-style question
A fair dice is rolled.
6 7 8 9 10
Hanifa notes whether it is a square number.
James plays the game twice. She then repeats this process.
a Complete the probability tree diagram.
a Copy and complete the tree diagram to 1
show the probabilities 3 Square
1st game 2nd game 1 Square
3
2 Not square
5 Win
4 52 Square
Win
10 5
Lose Not
square Not
Win square
Lose
(2 marks)
Lose
b Work out the probability that Hanifa
b What is the probability of winning rolls at least one square number.
i two prizes ii nothing (3 marks)
iii one prize iv at least one prize?
9 Marganita has two bags of sweets. 12 R Daniel spins two spinners.
Bag A contains 7 toffees and 3 mints. On spinner 1, P(blue) = 0.1
Bag B contains 4 toffees and 6 mints. On spinner 2, P(blue) = 0.72
She picks a sweet at random from each bag. a Draw a tree diagram to show all the
a Copy and complete the tree diagram to possible outcomes.
show the probabilities. b What is the probability of only one spinner
Bag A Bag B landing on blue?
c What is the probability of both spinners
Toffee
Toffee landing on blue?
Mint d If each spinner was spun 1000 times, how
many times would you expect them both
Toffee to land on blue?
Mint
Mint
b Work out the probability of picking 10.5 C
onditional
i two sweets the same
ii one toffee and one mint
probability
iii no mints
iv at least one toffee. 1 For each of the events, state if the events are
independent or dependent.
10 Terry plays two games on his phone. He has a Picking a card from a pack, replacing it and
a 1 in 10 chance of winning the first game then picking another one.
and a 1 in 5 chance of winning the second.
b Flipping a coin and rolling a dice.
a Copy and Game A Game B
complete c Picking two marbles from a bag, one after
Win the other.
the tree Win
diagram to Lose d Picking a counter from a bag, then rolling
show the a dice.
probabilities. Win e Picking a student from a class, then
Lose picking another student.
Lose
11 Red
Art 3 6 7 16
Red Blue
Total 23 30 27 3 51
12 4 Green
Work out the probability that a student
Red
chosen at random
a studies history Blue Blue
b studies DT Green
c studies ICT, given that he studies history Red
d studies French, given that she studies art. Green Blue
3 Marion has a bag containing Green
Example
6 chocolates and 6 mints. b What is the probability that they both pick
She chooses a sweet at the same colour?
random and eats it.
She then chooses another 7 P There are 3 tins of red paint and 11 tins
sweet at random. ofgreen paint.
a Copy and complete the tree diagram to James and Melek both take a tin at random.
show all the probabilities. Work out the probability that they do not
1st sweet 2nd sweet
pick the same colour.
Work out
a P(X) b P(Y)
c P(X > Y) d P(X < Y)
e P(X9) f P(Y9)
g P(X > Y9) h
P(X9 < Y9).
17 A new virus has spread among a population 5 R Convert these speeds from metres per
at a rate of 17.5% per day. In a city there are second (m/s) to metres per hour (m/h).
now 371 cases. a 3m/s b 15m/s
How many people had the virus 7 days c 100m/s d 0.5m/s
earlier? e Would more or fewer metres be travelled
in 1 hour than in 1 second?
11.2 Compound measures 6 Copy and complete the table.
1 P Abdul works for 40 hours from Monday to Metres per second Kilometres per hour
Friday. His rate of pay for working Monday to 10
Friday is 7.90 an hour. 25
Abdul is paid time and a half for each hour 126
he works on a Saturday and double time for
180
each hour he works on a Sunday.
a How much is Abdul paid for a week when 7 The average speed of a small plane is 360km/h.
he works 40 hours from Monday to Friday, What is this speed in metres per second?
plus 5 hours on Saturday and 4 hours on
Sunday? 8 P / R The new fast train in the UK has an
b In one week Abdul works 40 hours from expected top speed of 272km/h. Usain Bolts
Monday to Friday and some hours on fastest recorded running speed is 10.44m/s
Sunday. He is paid 371.30 for the week. (run on 16 August 2009).
How many hours did Abdul work on How much faster than Bolt is the train
Sunday? expected to be?
10 Exam-style question
Paul travels 45 miles in 1 hour and 20
minutes and then 120km in 2_2hours.
1 Area 5
300 cm2
5 miles = 8 kilometres 100 cm
What is his average speed for the total
journeyin km/h to the nearest km? (3 marks) The plastic has a density of 2.34g/cm3.
What is the mass of the cylinder?
11 Kelly flies for 45 minutes at an average speed 4 Air has density 0.0012g/cm3.
of 15m/s in a hang glider. The mass of air in a room is 54kg.
How far has Kelly flown in kilometres? What is the volume of the room?
12 Archie skis cross-country for a distance of 5 The density of iron is 8000kg/m3.
7.5km. It takes him 40 minutes. What is the density of iron in g/m3?
What is his average skiing speed in m/s?
6 The density of gold is 19.32g/cm3.
13 A fast sports car starts from rest and What is the density of gold in kg/m3?
accelerates at 4.5m/s2 for 81m.
Use the formula v2 = u2 + 2as to work out 7 A plastic has density yg/cm3.
the final velocity in m/s, where v is the final Write an expression for its density in kg/m3.
velocity, u is the initial velocity, a is the 8 R 1m3 of water from the North Sea has mass
acceleration and s is the distance. 1025kg. 1m3 of water from the Dead Sea has
mass 1240kg.
14 A car has a velocity of 540m/minute when it
drives past a service station on a motorway. In which sea is the water more dense?
It then accelerates and travels a distance of 9 Exam-style question
1.2km in 50 seconds.
Use the formula s=ut+_12at 2to work out the An alloy is made from a mix of copper and
acceleration of the car in m/s2. tin. The density of copper is 8.94 grams per
cm3. The density of tin is 7.3 grams per cm3.
15 A motorbike travels with an acceleration of 500cm3 of the alloy is made from 360cm3
7m/s2 and reaches a speed of 63km/h in of copper with 140cm3 of tin.
2.5seconds. Work out the density of the alloy to3s.f.
Use the formula v = u + at to work out the (3 marks)
initial velocity of the motorbike in m/s.
10 A force of 54N is applied to an area of
21600cm2.
11.3 M
ore compound Work out the pressure in N/m2.
12 SIMILARITY AND
CONGRUENCE
c 3 cm 3 cm
12.1 Congruence
2.1 cm
4.2 cm 4.2 cm
2.1 cm
1 Here is a pair of congruent triangles.
14 cm x
35 y
d
4.5 cm 4.5 cm
87 87 35 35
6.5 cm 6.5 cm
Write down
a the size of angle y b
the length of side x. 3 State whether each pair of triangles
2 Each pair of triangles is congruent. described below is congruent or not.
Explain why. If the triangles are congruent, give the reason
a and write the corresponding vertices in pairs.
64 7 cm 72 a ABC where AB = 5cm, BC = 9cm,
7 cm angle B = 37
64 PQR where PQ = 50mm, QR = 95mm,
72
angle Q = 37
b 9 cm b ABC where AB = 6cm, angle B = 51,
11 cm angle C = 97
PQR where PQ = 6cm, angle Q = 97,
11 cm
angle R = 51
9 cm
105
E
C 6 cm A F
I 6 cm L
H
105
7.7 cm A D B
7.7 cm
10.9 cm 110 a Prove that triangle ACD is congruent to
32
J triangle BDC.
6 cm
K b Which angle is the same as angle CAB?
G
2 The diagram shows A
5 Are these triangles congruent? a kite ABCD.
Justify your answer. a Prove that triangles 48
ABC and ADC are D 95 B
13 cm 13 cm congruent.
5 cm
M N
b Find the size of
i angle ABC
12 cm
ii angle BCD.
C
6 Are all right-angled triangles with one side
3cm and one side 5cm congruent? Explain. 3 In the diagram, P S
X is the
7 ABCD is a parallelogram. midpoint of PQ. 102 2.2 cm
A B Xis also the X
3.7 cm
midpoint of ST.
Prove that the
triangles PSX and T Q
112 QTX are congruent.
D C
a Work out the size of angle ABC. 4 Exam-style question
b Show that triangle ABC and triangle ACD In the diagram, R is the midpoint of PT
are congruent. and ofQS. PQis parallel to ST.
P Q
8 Exam-style question
A B R
105
62 C
S T
D E Prove that triangle RST is congruent to
AB is parallel to DE. Which angle is equal to triangle PQR. (2 marks)
a angle CDE (1 mark)
b angle DEC (1 mark) Exam hint
c angle ECD? (1 mark) You need to write a series of logical
Triangles ABC and CDE are congruent. statements that show the statement is
d If AE = 12cm what is the true. You must give a mathematical reason
length of CE? (1 mark) for each statement.
12.3 Similarity
S R
a Prove that triangles PQT and SRT are 1 Write the pairs of corresponding sides in
congruent. triangles X and Y.
b Hence, prove that the diagonals of a E
C
parallelogram bisect one another.
42
42
8 P ABCD is an isosceles trapezium.
Two lines are drawn from A and B that meet X Y
35
DC at right angles. 35
A B
A B D F
A 7 cm B x cm
8 cm
3 cm 10 cm
6 cm 8.4 cm
D C
G
6 cm
H
AD 8 Exam-style question
a Write the ratio ____
HG
b Write the ratios of the other corresponding A scale diagram of a room has length 12cm
sides. and width 8cm.
lm Diagram NOT
c Are the parallelograms similar? drawn accurately
12 cm
Explain your answer. 4m
8 cm
5 State which of the pairs of shapes are similar.
a scale diagram actual dimensions
E 6.2 cm F of room
A 3 cm B
Work out the actual area of the room.
(3 marks)
A 5 cm B D 3 cm E
c 4 cm hyp opp
3 cm
1.5 cm A 2 cm C
B
3 cm 60 60 60
7 cm 2 cm x adj
3.2 cm 9 cm
b R
3 cm
4.2 cm
1.2 cm S T
x
8.4 cm S 2.8 cm T
b Find the missing length x.
3 a Explain why K
triangles FGH
and FJK are H
similar.
14 Here are two circles.
b Calculate the 9 cm
length HK. 12 cm
c Calculate the
4 cm 1 cm length JK. F J
6 cm G 2 cm
4 a Find the sizes of angles PQN and LMN.
Q
31 m
11 The area of the front face of a coin is 12cm2.
What is the area of a similar coin with
57 m 114 m
a twice the diameter of the original coin
6 The diagram shows 3 cm b half the diameter of the original coin?
a logo made of 12 P A rectangular photograph has width 6inches
two similar and area 24 square inches. An enlargement of
parallelograms. it has area 486 square inches.
The perimeter of the a Work out the area scale factor.
small parallelogram is
13.5 cm b Work out the length scale factor.
9cm. The area of the small
parallelogram is 6cm .
2 c Use the length scale factor to work out the
dimensions of the enlarged photograph.
Work out the perimeter and area of the large
parallelogram. 13 P The circular tops of two tins of beans are
similar. The area of the larger top is 75cm2.
7 Exam-style question
The area of the smaller top is 8_13cm2.
A company makes two different-sized The circumference of the larger top is 31cm.
chocolate boxes. What is the circumference of the smaller top?
The smaller box has length 20cm, and Give your answer to 1 decimal place.
surface area 350cm2.
The larger box is mathematically similar to
the smaller box and has length 30cm. 12.5 Similarity in 3D solids
Work out the surface area of
a large box. (3 marks) 1 In each pair of diagrams, solid A is enlarged to
make solid B. Copy and complete the table.
8 Shape K is similar to shape L.
a
21 cm 1 A 3 B
4.2 cm 6
2
K L 1 3
b
2 2k B
The perimeter of shape K is 42cm and its A
3 3k
area is 112cm2. 1 k
Find the perimeter and area of shape L.
Linear Volume Volume Volume
9 Shape A is similar to shape B. Example scale factor of A of B scale factor
a
x b
4.2 cm
A 2 Cuboids A and B are similar.
B The volume of cuboid A is 6cm3.
5.3 cm y
A
The area of shape A is 64cm2. B
3 cm
The area of shape B is 10.24cm2.
Calculate 6 cm
a length x b length y. Calculate the volume of cuboid B.
A
B
Calculate the volume of frustum F.
5 Sphere J is similar to sphere K. Example
The volume of J is 8 times the The volume of cylinder A is 1296cm3.
volume of K. Show that the volume of cylinder B
is 48cm3. (5 marks)
J K 11 Exam-style question
The diagram shows two similar solids, A and B.
24 cm
Work out the diameter of sphere K. B
A
6 Prisms L and M are similar.
The volume of M is 512 times the volume of L. 3 cm
x 9 cm
2 cm
Solid A has a volume of 29cm3.
y 56 cm a Work out the volume of solid B.(2 marks)
L M
Solid B has a total surface area of 819cm2.
b Work out the total surface area
of solid A. (2 marks)
Calculate the value of
a length x b length y.
12 R Are two spheres always similar?
7 R Pyramid A and pyramid Z are similar. Explain your answer.
12 Problem-solving
A
Z Solve problems using these Example
strategies where appropriate:
The volume of pyramid A is 216 times the
Use pictures or lists
volume of pyramid Z.
Use smaller numbers
Thesurface area of pyramid Z is 11cm2.
Use bar models
a Write down the volume scale factor, k3.
Use x for the unknown
b Work out the linear scale factor, k. Use a flow diagram
c Work out the area scale factor, k2. Use arrow diagrams
d Calculate the surface area of pyramid A. Use geometric sketches.
x xm
3.7 cm
7 Exam-style question
C 4.5 cm B
Will wants to calculate his running speed
a Find the upper bound for the length of over 100m.
i AC ii BC. He measures the length of the track, D, as
b Use your answers to part a to work out the 100m to the nearest metre.
upper bound of x. He measures his time, T, as 12.8 seconds to
c Find the lower bound for the length of 3significant figures.
D
i AC ii BC. Will uses the formula S=__to calculate his
T
d Use your answers to part c to work out the speed.
lower bound of x. Calculate the upper bound and the lower
bound for Wills speed. (4 marks)
2 The upper bound for cosx is Example
0.3213899726 and the lower
bound is 0.3015986744. D
Q7 hint The upper bound of __ is not
a Find the upper and lower T
upper bound of D
_______________
bounds for x.
and the lower bound of
upper bound of T
b What do you notice?
D lower bound of D
__ is not _______________
3 In this diagram, the T lower bound of T
measurements are
correct to 3 s.f. 7.52 cm
5.17 cm
Find the upper and
lower bounds for x
13.2 Graph of the sine
the value of x. function
4 In this diagram, the 1 Find the value of sinu in each diagram.
measurements are a y
correct to 2 s.f. 7.5 cm
5.2 cm
1
Find the upper and
lower bounds for x
the value of x.
21 O 1 x
5 In this diagram, the
measurements are
correct to 2 s.f. 7.5 cm x cm 21
Find the upper and
lower bounds for the y
b
value of x, to 3 d.p. 62
1
21
21
d y 0.5
1
21 O 1 x
0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 x
21
21
D O B x
d y
21
C 1
21
1__
2 tan30 = ___ 6 a Sketch the graph of y = tanx for
3 0 < u < 540.
1
Use the diagram 3 b Use your sketch to find
to find a reflex i tan495 ii tan420.
angle u such 30 1
0 c The exact value of tan30 is ___
__ .
1
3
that tanu = ___
__ .
3 Write down the exact value of
i tan390 ii tan150.
d Explain how you worked out your answers
to part c.
3 tan45 = 1
a Find a reflex angle u such that tanu = 1. 7 a Write down four values of x such that
1
b Find an obtuse angle such that tanu = 1. tanx = ___
__ .
3
b Write down four values of x such that
4 As u increases from 0 to 90, tanu increases 1
from 0 to infinity. tanx = ___
__ .
3
Copy and complete these statements in the c Check your answers using a calculator.
same way.
a As u decreases from 180 to 90, 8 4tanx = 9
tanu ... a Use tan1 on your calculator to find one
b As u increases from 180 to 270, value of x.
tanu ... b Use your answer to part a and your sketch
c As u decreases from 360 to 270, from Q6 to solve 4 tanx = 9 for values of x
tanu ... in the interval 0 to 540.
10 Exam-style question
P R
a Sketch the graph of y = tanx in the
100 12 cm
interval 0 to 720. __
b Given that__tan60 = 3solve the O
equation 3tanx = 3 in the
PQR is an arc of a circle centre O with
interval 0 to 720. (4 marks)
radius 12cm.
PR is a chord of the circle.
Exam hint Angle POR = 100.
You are expected to use your sketch from Calculate the area of the shaded region.
part a to solve the equation in part b. Give your answer correct to
3 significant figures. (5 marks)
13.5 C
alculating areas 6 P a Calculate angle AOB.
and the sine rule Give your answer correct to
1 decimal place.
1 a Write h, the perpendicular height of the A
triangle, in terms of a and u.
15 cm
24 cm
a O
h
b
B
b Write a formula in terms of a and u to
calculate the area of the triangle. b Work out the area of the shaded segment.
Give your answer correct to 3 significant
2 Find the area of each triangle.
figures.
a b
3.5 cm 122 4.8 cm
6 cm Q6a hint Split the triangle into two right-
62 angled triangles.
9 cm O
R = Reasoning P = Problem-solving 13.5 Calculating areas and the sine rule 115
8 Find the length of the side Example 12 In triangle XYZ, XY = 15cm, YZ = 13.5cm and
labelled x in each diagram. angle YXZ = 57.
Give your answers correct to Work out the size of angle XZY.
3significant figures. There are two possible answers.
Give each of them correct to 1 decimal place.
a b x cm
28
x cm 7 cm
76 11.5 cm
13.6 The cosine rule and
49 65 2D trigonometric
c d problems
21
24 mm 32.8 m 33
1 Find the length of the side Example
41
marked with a letter in each
x mm 82
diagram.
xm
Give your answers correct to
3 significant figures.
9 Find the size of angle u in each diagram.
Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place. a b 8.4 cm b cm
4 cm 21
a b 109 a cm
12 cm 6.4 cm 56 12.7 cm
9 cm
14.7 cm
65 5 cm
c c mm d 112 7.87 m
c d
13.1 mm 4.29 m
15.1 m 8.45 m 6.86 m 15.3 mm 142 dm
13.2 m
116 R = Reasoning P = Problem-solving 13.5 Calculating areas and the sine rule
4 R a Work out the B
15 cm C 8 Exam-style question
length of BD. A
Give your 13 cm 16 cm ABC is a triangle.
answer correct 38 AB = 16.4cm
to 3 significant A 11 cm D BC = 10.9cm 36 16.4 cm
figures. Angle CAB = 36.
b Work out the size of angle CBD. Give your Work out the area of B
answer correct to 1 decimal place. triangle ABC. 10.9 cm
c Work out the area of quadrilateral ABCD. C
Give your answer correct to 3 significant Give your answer correct to
figures. 3 significant figures. (6 marks)
5 R The diagram shows B
the positions of three
railway stations, A, B
and C.
N
33 km
14 km
13.7 S
olving problems
Calculate the bearing C in3D
of C from A. 32
25 km 1 R ABCDEFGH is a cuboid. Example
H G
A
E F
6 R A ship leaves port P and sails for 40km on 9 cm
a bearing of 041. It then sails a further 31km
on a bearing of 126 to reach port R. D C
8 cm
N A 15 cm B
a Calculate the length of diagonals
i EG ii AG
Q 126
N iii CF iv CE.
31 km b Find the angle between the
40 km
diagonal BH and the plane ABCD.
41 R c Find the angle between the
diagonal CE and the plane EFGH.
P d Find the angle between the
diagonal AG and the plane ADEH.
a What is the direct distance between P
andR? Q1 hint Sketch separate triangles using
b What is the bearing of R from P? information from the cuboid.
Q6 hint The north lines are parallel. Use this 2 P In the diagram, ABCDEF is a prism.
to find an angle inside the triangle.
The cross-section is a right-angled triangle.
All of the other faces are rectangles.
7 Find the size of each lettered angle or length.
B
a b 11.7 cm
a 3.2 cm
b
A
14 cm 10.3 cm
53 6 cm F
11 cm C
c 17 cm E 16 cm
103
9 cm
D
c
d 142 9 cm Calculate the angle that the diagonal AC
15 cm makes with the plane CDEF.
E
70
B C B
13 cm D
14 cm 22 cm
a Work out the length of AC. C
b Work out the length of CD. Calculate the size of angle BAD correct to the
c Given that BD = 17cm, calculate angle BCD. nearest degree.
D E
D 0.5
M
B
15 cm C F
2180 290 0 90 180 x
C
a Calculate the length of 20.5
B G
i BD ii BM iii AM.
b Calculate the angle that AD makes with 21
A H
the base, correct to the nearest degree.
c Calculate the angle between AM and the a Copy the table.
face ABC, correct to the nearest degree. i Write in the values of x and cosx at
points A to H on the graph.
5 Exam-style question ii For each x-value, write the value of cosx.
The diagram shows a A x cosx cosx
square-based
A 180 1 1
pyramid ABCDE.
Each triangular face B 120 0.5 0.5
is an isosceles 16 cm C
triangle. E b Sketch the graph of y = cosx for
B 180 < x < 180.
D c Describe how the graph of y = cosx is
7 cm
7 cm
C transformed to give the graph of y = cosx.
a Calculate the length of the diagonal BD. 2 a Use your table from Q1. Add a column for
Give your answer correct to 3 significant cos(x). Find the cosine values from the
figures. graph to fill in the cos(x) column.
b Calculate the area of triangle ABD. b Sketch the graph of y = cos(x) for
Give your answer correct to 180 < x < 180.
3 significant figures. (6 marks)
c What do you notice?
21
21
3 Here is the graph of y = sinx for 0 < x < 360.
y c
1 y 5 0.866 y
4
3
2
0 90 180 270 360 x 1
a Write down the coordinates of the 3 Fiona invests 1250 at 4.4% per annum
points A and B. (2 marks) compound interest. Ian invests 900 at 5%
Here is a sketch of the curve y = asinbx + per annum compound interest.
c, for 0 < x < 360. After 2 years, what is the difference between
the amounts in the two accounts?
y
2 4 R A town roundabout is being replanted.
1 Theroundabout has a diameter of 8m and
has been divided into 6 equal sectors.
O 90 180 270 360 x
21 a What is the area of each sector?
Give your answer to 2 d.p.
22
23
One sector is split into three sections
A, B and C, as shown in the diagram.
24
A B C
13 Problem-solving
Solve problems using these strategies where
appropriate:
Section A extends from the centre to the
Use pictures or lists midpoint of the radii and will be planted with
Use smaller numbers tall grasses.
Use bar models Section B will be planted with flowers.
Use x for the unknown Section C is a segment and will be covered in
Use a flow diagram slate.
Use arrow diagrams b What is the area of section A + section B?
Give your answer to 2 d.p.
Use geometric sketches.
c One bag of slate covers 1m2. If only one
1 A box of pens contains 12 black, 9 red, bag is available, will there be enough slate
5 green and 20 blue. to cover the whole of section C?
A pen is picked at random. 5 Omar needs to make a triangular cover to fit
What is the probability of over his deck. He knows two lengths of the
a picking red or green triangle and one of the angles.
b picking blue or green Use the sine
c picking red or black or green rule to help 4.34 m 123
d not picking green? Omar find y x
the other two 8.46 m
angles to 1 d.p.
y 11.8 m
b
O
B 7.4 m
O x
Exam hint
For parts c and d draw lines on the graph Test B
with a ruler to show how you got your
answers.
50 60 70 80 90
Marks
a Which test has the higher median?
b Work out the interquartile range for each
test.
c Work out the range for each test.
Cumulative frequency
UQ 42 42 40
Maximum 73 91
a Draw comparative box plots for the two 30
blocks of flats.
b Compare the blocks of flats. 20
0
6 R The cumulative frequency graph gives 140 150 160 170 180 190
information about how long the batteries last Weight (g)
in two different types of mobile phones.
a Use the graph to find an estimate for the
Battery life median weight. (1 mark)
Type B The 60 tomatoes from group A had
100 minimum weight of 153 grams
90 maximum weight of 186 grams.
Cumulative frequency
Type A
80 b Use this information and the cumulative
70 frequency graph to draw a box plot for
60 the 60 tomatoes from group A.
50 Use a scale like this:
40
Group
30
A
20
10 140 150 160 170 180 190
0 Weight (g)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (3 marks)
Time (hours) Harry weighed 60 tomatoes from group B.
a Use the graph to find the median and He drew this box plot for his results.
quartiles for each type of phone.
b Draw comparative box plots for the two Group
B
phones.
c Compare the two phones. 140 150 160 170 180 190
Weight (g)
7 Exam-style question
c Compare the distribution of the weights
Harry grows tomatoes.
of the tomatoes from group A with
This year he put his tomato plants into two the distribution of the weights of the
groups, group A and group B. tomatoes from group B. (2 marks)
Harry gave fertiliser to the tomato plants in June 2012, Q15, 1MA0/1H
group A.
He did not give fertiliser to the tomato
plants in group B. Q7c hint Be sure to put your comparisons in
the context of the question.
Frequency density
of time that 100 people spent
watching TV one evening.
2
1
Time, t (hours) Frequency
0 < t < 0.5 5 0
150 160 170 180
0.5 , t < 1 35
Height (cm)
1,t<2 56
a How many students were between
2,t<3 4
150and 155cm tall?
Draw a histogram for this data. b How many students were between
3 This table contains data on the weights of 170and 180cm tall?
65women. c How many students were measured intotal?
Weight, w (kg) Frequency 2 R The histogram shows the distances an
40 , w < 45 2 audience at a theatre had travelled to the
production.
45 , w < 55 17
Distance travelled
55 , w < 65 31
65 , w < 70 11 6
Frequency density
70 , w < 90 4
4
Draw a histogram for this data.
4 Exam-style question 2
Mrs Morris records the results in the Year
11 maths exam. 0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Mark, m (%) Frequency Distance (miles)
0 , m < 40 2 a How many of the audience travelled less
40 , m < 50 4 than 10 miles?
50 , m < 60 12 b Estimate how many of the audience
60 , m < 80 63 travelled less than 15 miles.
c Estimate how many people travelled
80 , m <100 9
between 15 and 40 miles.
30
Q6b hint Label the frequency density scale.
20
10
0
10 11 12 13 14
Time (seconds)
0.4 Males: 32, 34, 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 49, 63
Females: 30, 41, 43, 44, 47, 49, 50, 52, 52, 53
0.2 a Explain which of the median and
interquartile range or mean and range
0 should be used to compare the data.
50 100 150 200 250 300 b Compare the times for males and females.
Height (cm)
5 P The table shows how far employees at
a How many sunflowers are there in total? Gatwick Airport travel to work.
b Work out an estimate of the median
height. Length of journey,
Frequency
x (miles)
c Estimate how many sunflowers are taller
than 110cm. 0 , x < 10 1
10 , x < 20 16
20 , x < 30 25
14.6 Comparing and 30 , x < 40 15
describing populations 40 , x < 50 3
a Draw a cumulative frequency diagram.
1 Every day one week, a passenger group b Find the median and interquartile range.
recorded how late two trains were, in minutes. The box plot shows far employees at
Train A 3 7 5 6 8 Heathrow Airport travel to work.
Train B 1 9 2 8 3 Length of journey
9 1 8 8 9 9
Nursery A 8 7 5 2 2 4 4 6 7
30 7 6 5 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 5
9 6 6 5 1 0 0 4 0
20 Nursery B 8 8 8 6 3 2 5 1
Key: Key:
10 9 | 1 represents 19 years 1 | 8 represents 18 years
Compare the data by finding the median
0 ages and interquartile ranges.
0 1 2 3 4 5
Age (years) 2 Plane A took 11 hours to travel 6022 miles.
Plane B travelled at the same average speed on
Compare the two sets of data. a journey of 3904 miles. Round your answers to
the questions to the nearest whole number.
8 Exam-style question
a What was the average speed of the planes?
A survey was carried out on the speeds at b About how long did Plane Bs journey take?
which cars travelled past a primary school.
3 R Judy is conducting a survey of her
Speed, m Cumulative companys employees. There are 250
(miles per hour) frequency employees. Judy will survey a random sample
0 , m < 10 15 of 10 employees. She uses a random number
10 , m < 20 74 table to work out whom to ask.
20 , m < 30 45 9845679256938259793198984293232456
30 , m < 40 18 a Explain one way Judy can generate
40 , m < 50 3 10random numbers.
b Would you consider Judys survey a
A similar survey outside another school gave a
good-sized sample? Explain.
median of 27 and an interquartile range of 15.
Compare the speeds at which cars travelled 4 R Ian buys two similar pictures.
outside the two schools. (2 marks) The larger picture has a height of 23cm.
Thesmaller picture has a length of 7.5cm
and a height of 5.75cm.
Q8 hint Draw a cumulative frequency What is the length of the larger picture?
diagram for the results given in the table.
5 The frequency table shows the test scores for
Year 9 students in a recent science test.
Test scores, t (%) Frequency
14 Problem-solving 0 , t < 25 13
25 , t < 50 18
Solve problems using these strategies where
appropriate: 50 , t < 75 34
75 , t < 100 20
Use pictures or lists
Use smaller numbers Topass the test, students need to score
60% or higher. Draw a cumulative frequency
Use bar models
diagram and estimate how many students
Use x for the unknown passed the test.
Use a flow diagram
Use arrow diagrams Q5 hint Use the data to draw a cumulative
Use geometric sketches. frequency table.
equations graphically 4
A 3
1 R a Match the equations to the three lines 2
A, B and C shown opposite. 1
i x + y = 4 ii y = x + 2 iii 3y + x = 6
22 21O 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
b Hence write down the solutions to these 21
pairs of simultaneous equations.
i x + y = 4 ii x + y = 4
y = x + 2 3y + x = 6
iii 3y + x = 6
y=x+2
3 Tim buys 3 rollerball pens and 5 biros for 9.75. 15.2 Representing
In the same shop, Jenny buys 2 rollerball inequalities graphically
pens and 2 biros for 5.50.
Write a pair of simultaneous equations and 1 a Write down the inequalities represented
solve them graphically to find the cost of by the shaded regions.
a one rollerball pen y
i
b one biro. 5
4
4 R Two mobile phone companies offer the 3
following prices.
2
Fones4U MobilesRUs 1
No monthly contract Monthly line rental 24
Calls cost 0.30 per minute Calls cost 0.06 per minute 23 22 21O 1 2 3 x
21
a For each company form an equation to
ii y
calculate the monthly cost, with y = total
3
monthly cost and x = minutes of calls.
2
b Use a graphical method to work out how
1
many minutes of calls are used if the two
companies charge the same. 24 23 22 21O 1 2 x
21
5 Use a graphical method to Example 22
find an approximate solution 23
to the pair of simultaneous
equations iii y
y + x2 = 1 5
y+ 2 = x 4
3
Q5 hint Start by rearranging the equations, 2
then plot the graphs. 1
functions 21O
22
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
24
1 Look at the graph of y = x2 6x + 8
26
a Use the graph to find the roots.
28
b Where does the graph intersect the yaxis?
210
c Is the turning point a maximum or a
212
minimum?
1 R Match each graph to its equation. 2 a Copy and complete the table of values for
Hence estimate the roots of the equation. y = 2x2 + 5x 4
a y = x2 5x + 2 b y = 2x2 2x 3 x 2 1 0 1 2 3
c y = x 3x + 1 d
2 y = 3x2 + 5x + 3 y 7
i y
4 b Plot the graph of y = 2x2 + 5x 4 on a
3
suitable grid.
2 c From the graph estimate the roots of the
1
equation y = 2x2 + 5x 4
3 a Plot the graphs of the following functions.
24 23 22 21O 1 2 3 4 5 6 x Hence estimate the roots.
21
22 i y = x2 + 3x 6 ii y = x2 + 4x + 3
23 iii y = 3x2 + 2x 4 iv y = 2x2 5x + 5
24 b Use the quadratic formula to find the
25 roots of the equations in part a to
26 3significant figures.
Check your answers to part a.
ii y
4
4 Exam-style question
3 a Complete the table of values for
2 y = 2x2 + 9x 3
1 x 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
25 24 23 22 21O 1 2 3 4 x y
21
(2 marks)
22
b Plot the graph of y = 2x + 9x 3
2
23
(2 marks)
24
c Use your graph to estimate the roots of
the equation y = 2x2 + 9x 3(3 marks)
iii y
6 d Write the expression 2x2 + 9x 3 in
5 the form a(x + b)2 + c. (2 marks)
4
3 5 R For each function
2
i find the coordinates of the turning point
ii find the y-intercept
1
iii sketch the graph.
24 23 22 21O 1 2 3 4 x a y = x2 + 3x + 4
21
b y = x2 5x 5
22
c y = 2x2 + 5x 6
4 Show the area formed by these inequalities 8 Work out the minimum value of n2 6n + 14.
on a grid.
x , 4 y . 2 y , 2x + 1 9 R Naomi is making a maths display showing
different graphs.
5 R Kevin has just fitted a new granite area The labels for the graphs have got mixed up.
around his sink. Match the labels to graphs X, Y and Z.
(2x 1 3) in linear graph cubic graph
(x 1 2) in quadratic graph
(x 1 2) in (x 1 1) in x1y55 y 5 2x 1 2
y 5 x3 1 3x2 2 6x 2 8
16 CIRCLE THEOREMS
2 R Kate says that Q cannot be the centre of
16.1 Radii and chords the circle. Explain why she is wrong.
D
B
e f
A M B g
f
Work out the length of OM. O
O
e
6 R O is the centre of a circle. The radius of
the circle is 15cm. The distance from O to the
midpoint of chord AB is 12cm.
Work out the length of chord AB.
30
7 R O is the centre of a
circle. M is the midpoint
of chord AB.
O
Angle OAB = 45. 3 Exam-style question
a What is angle AMO? 45 Diagram NOT
b Work out angle AOM. D A accurately drawn
A M B
c Work out angle AOB.
d Which of the triangles AMO, BOM and ABO
are similar? O
34 C
16.2 Tangents B
A, B and D are points on the circumference
1 P AB is a tangent to the circle with centre O. ofa circle, centre O.
AOB = 40. Work out the size of angle ABO.
BOD is a diameter of the circle.
A BC and AC are tangents to the circle.
B Angle OCB = 34.
40 Work out the size of angle DOA. (3 marks)
O March 2013, Q19, 1MA0/1H
Exam hint g h
Each reason given must be a statement
of a mathematical rule and not just the Work out the size of each angle marked
calculations you have done. witha letter.
Give reasons for each step in your working.
4 R In each diagram, O is the centre of the circle.
16.4 Angles in circles 2 What is the size of angles a, b and c in each
diagram?
1 O is the centre of a circle.
b a b
a Work out the size of a
each angle marked O b 210 a
with a letter. a c O
O b
120
80
c c
O
2 P a Look at the diagram. x A
D
C
D
C
a In terms of x
E O i what is the reflex angle AOC
ii what is the obtuse angle ADC
iii what is the acute angle ABC?
B b Find the sum of the acute angle ABC and
A the obtuse angle ADC.
C
c A D
T
62 g
f O
66 70
79
e A B E
Angle DAB = 66
Work out the size of each angle marked with Angle CBE = 70
a letter.
Work out the size of angle ODC. (3 marks)
Give reasons for each step in your working.
17 MORE ALGEBRA
6 Make q the subject of the formula
17.1 Rearranging formulae T = pq + pr qs
7 R5ab 7 = c + 2ab
1 Make c the subject of the formula
a Make a the subject.
E = mc2
b Make b the subject.
a the subject of the formula
2 Make_____
8 R L = 4x + xy 5
P=a+b
Jordan rearranges the formula to make x the
3 Make x the subject of each Example subject.
L4x+5
formula.
__ __ His answer is x=_________
y
x
__
a A=4
y b
1
__
K=t
x a Explain why this cannot be the correct
___ answer.
4x
c T= ___
2a
R=2(x+y) 2
d b What mistake has Jordan made?
c Work out the correct answer.
4 In each formula change the subject to the
letter given in brackets. 9 Make x the subject of the formula
p 3x 3 2x1
a V=__d 3 (d) b
V=____
(x) m=______
x
6 2
__
___ 1
3
c p=6x (x) d __
t=
3 Q9 hint First multiply both sides by x.
p (p)
5 Make x the subject of the Example 10 Exam-style question
formula A = 2x + px
Make y the subject of the formula
y
c=_____
(4 marks)
5y
14 Exam-style question
x
3 Prove algebraically that the difference
between the squares of any two consecutive
2x
odd integers is equal to 4 times the integer
Show that 5x2 10x 40 = 0. (3 marks) between them. (4 marks)
z
73
112
( 3) + (1) = ( )
Give your answer to 3 significant figures. 4 3
(3 marks)
a b
a
b
1
( ) and BC=
( ). Find AC
2
10 a AB= .
3 4
On squared paper draw vectors to represent
b a = ( ) and b = ( ). Find a + b.
3 2
a 2a b a c b d 3b e 2b 5 1
11 p = ( ) , q = ( ) and r = ( ).
2 1 0
6 The vectors a and b are shown on an
4 3 5
isometric grid.
a Work out
i p + q ii q + p
b Work out
a
i (p + q) + r ii p + (q + r)
b
12 p = ( ) and q = ( ) . Work out p q.
3 2
6 4
13 a = ( ), b = ( ) and c = ( ) .
Draw these vectors on an isometric grid. 2 1 4
a 2a b _
12b c
a d b 5 2 0
Write down the column vector for
4
( )
7 RAB= a a b a + b c a+b+c
6 d a b e bc
a Copy and complete to find the column
vector for 2AB.
18.3 More vector arithmetic
26) ( )
2AB= 2 ( )= (
4 24
=
6
4 1 5
b Write down the column vector for 1 RAB= ( ) and CD=
( ) , BC= ( ).
2 3 4
i 3AB ii 4AB iii _12AB
a Find the column vector for AD .
2 3
( ) and BC=
8 RAB= ( ) . C Draw a diagram to show this.
3 2 4
Write down the b Show that DB= ( ).
B 1
vector AC. 2 a = ( ) and b = ( ).
2 4
5 4
Work out the magnitude of
A
a a b 2b c a + b d ab
A C A
= a and BC
ABC is a triangle with AB = b.
c a Express, in terms of a and b
i AC
D ii CA (2 marks)
Find in terms of a, b and c B
q
C
a AC
b AD
T
p
= b
4 OA
M is the midpoint of OA. A D
M
O A AC and BD are diagonals of rectangle ABCD.
AC and BD intersect at T.
b
in terms of p and q.(1 mark)
b Express DT
in terms of b.
a Write down OM
6
( )
OA= 8 RAC = a and BC
= b.
2
C
b Express as a column vector
ii OM
i AO
= b.
5 In the diagram AC= a and CM A B
M is the midpoint of CB.
in terms of a and b.
a Write AB
C _1
b = 2b?
b Where is the point S such that BS
a M
9 R ABCDEF is a regular octagon.
AB = k
A B A B
B b C
have coordinates
(1, 3), (7, 5), (12, 15) and
a (24, 3) respectively.
O is the origin.
a Write down the position
A M D
vectors OP and OQ
.
Write in terms of a and b
b Write down as a column vector
a AM b
BM c
CM
i PQ ii RS
13 In triangle ABC, AB = a and AC
= b. c What do these results show about the
M is the midpoint of AB. lines PQ and RS?
N is the midpoint of AC.
B 7 Exam-style question
C P is the point (2, 9) and Q is the point (4, 7).
M
N as a column vector. (1 mark)
a Find PQ
= ( ).
A 5
R is the point such that QR
Write in terms of a and b 7
b Write down the coordinates of the
b
a BC
BM c
CN
d
MN point R. (2 marks)
X is the midpoint of PQ. O is the origin.
18.4 P
arallel vectors and c Find OXas a column vector. (2 marks)
collinear points
Q7 hint In this type of vector question it can
1 a = ( ) , b = ( ) and a + c = b.
2 3
5 1 be helpful to draw a sketch.
Calculate c.
Y
1 R In parallelogram ABCD the point M is
the midpoint of AB and the point N is the 2a 1 3b
midpoint of BC. O
AB = a and BC
= b.
2a 1 2b
B b C X
a N XYZ is a straight line.
M XY:YZ = 3:1.
in terms of a and b.
b Express the vector OZ
A D Give your answer in its simplest form.
(3 marks)
a Express in terms of a and/or b
ii BN iii MB iv NB
i AM
Q4b hint XY:YZ = 3:1 YZ = __
XZ
in terms of a and b.
b Express AC
a
F
18 Problem-solving
O b B
Solve problems using these strategies where
a Find in terms of a and/or b
appropriate:
i AB
Use pictures or lists
ii AE Use smaller numbers
iii OE Use bar models
iv OF Use x for the unknown
b Show that EF is parallel to AB. Use a flow diagram
Use arrow diagrams
Use geometric sketches
Use graphs
Use logical reasoning
Use problem-solving strategies and then
explain.
a
Work out the sizes of the angles at the points N
of the star shape.
O c C
3 R WXYZ is a parallelogram.
Find MN in terms of a and c. (2 marks)
X b W November 2012, Q12, A502/02
a
A B C D
O V h h h h
70
8 R A business is currently valued at
60
2.4million, and is growing at a rate of
50
15% a year.
40
The expected value, v (in millions), in
tyears time, is given by the formula 30
v = 2.4 1.15t. 20
a Use a table of values to draw the graph 10
ofv against t for the next 5 years. 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
b Use your graph to estimate
Time (minutes)
i the value of the business after
2.5years a What is the temperature of the water after
ii the time taken for the value to reach 20 minutes?
3million. b Describe the rate at which the water cools
down.
9 R 8000 is invested in a savings account c Calculate the drop in temperature
paying 5% compound interest a year. between 0 and 5 minutes.
a Write a formula for the value of the d Calculate the average rate of cooling
savings account (V) and the number of between 5 and 10 minutes.
years (t). e Zain says, The water cools at least three
b Draw a graph of V against t for the first times as quickly between 0 and 5 minutes
8years. as it does between 20 and 25 minutes.
c Use the graph to estimate when the Is Zain correct? Explain your answer.
investment will reach a value of f Compare the average rate of cooling
10000. over the first 15 minutes with the rate of
cooling at exactly 15 minutes.
Distance (km)
1000 14
0 Aarti
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time, t (seconds) 10
8
a Estimate the speed of the plane 6
30seconds after it starts moving. 4
b What speed does the plane reach after 2
60seconds? 0
c Will the speed of the plane continue 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
to rise after 60 seconds following the Time (minutes)
relationship shown by the graph? a Describe the race between Dawn and Aarti.
Explain your answer.
b Compare Dawns speed for the first and
second half of the race.
4 R A man is cycling Motion of cyclist
at a speed of 12m/s. c Estimate the difference in their speeds
14 20minutes into the race.
Velocity, V (m/s)
Thevelocity 12
time graph gives 10 7 Exam-style question
information about 8
the motion of 6 The velocitytime graph describes the
the bicycle as he 3 acceleration of a truck.
2 Velocity, v, is measured in metres per second
decelerates to rest
0 (m/s) and time, t, is measured in seconds.
in 5 seconds. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
a Copy the graph. Time, t (seconds) Acceleration of a truck
Draw a chord from t = 0 to t = 5.
30
b Calculate the average deceleration of the
25
Velocity (m/s)
5 Exam-style question
2 Here is the graph of y = f(x) = x2.
y The graph of y = f(x) is shown on the grid.
1 y
4
24 23 22 21O 1 2 3 4 x 3
21
22 2
23 1
24
26 25 24 23 22 21 O 1 2 3 4 x
25 21
22
Copy the axes and sketch the graphs of 23
a y = f(x) + 2 24
b y = f(x) 4 25
c y = f(x 2) 26
d y = f(x + 3)
Copy the diagram and sketch the graph
3 Write the vector that translates y = f(x) of y = f(x 4) 1. (2 marks)
onto
a y = f(x) + 3
Q5 hint Make sure you translate the points
b y = f(x) 5 that have integer coordinates such as (2,1)
c y = f(x 5) and (0, 3) exactly the right number of
d y = f(x + 4) squares in the correct direction.
e y = f(x 5) + 3
24 22O 2 4 6 x 5 f(x) = 2 x2
22 a Copy and complete the table.
24
x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
26
f(x)
28
3f(x)
a Sketch a copy of the graph. f(3x)
On the same axes sketch the graphs of b On the same set of axes draw the graphs of
i y = f(x) ii y = f(x) i y = f(x) ii y = 3f(x) iii y = f(3x)
30
20 Judy sketches this graph and explains that
10 the function shows exponential decay.
0 y
5 10 15 20
Time (minutes)
8
7
3 R a Find a counter example to prove that 6
the statement n2 + 3 can never be divided 5
by 2, where both n and the answer are
4
integers is not true.
3
b What could you say about n to make the
statement true? 2
1
4 Lukes wages are calculated for every 45
minutes worked and are shown in the table. 22 21O 1 2 3 4 x
21
Minutes 45 90 135 180
Wages () 6.30 12.60 18.90 25.20 a Who is correct?
The wages earned (w) are directly proportional Explain why.
to the number of minutes worked (m). b If x = 5 what would the value of y be?
a Find a formula for w in terms of m.
b How many 45-minute blocks must Luke 7 p is inversely proportional to the cube of q.
work to earn 200? When q = 3, p = 5
c How much does Luke earn per hour? Find the value of p when q = 5