coDE 021204fi

FORM TP 2016198 MAY/JI.JNE2OI6

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINAUONO
EF{VIROI{MENTAL SCIENCE

UMT I -Paper0l
7 hour 30 minrdes

05 MAY 2016 (a.m.)

ffi
READ TIIE, FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFI'LLY.
l. This test consists of 45 items. You will have I hour and 30 minutes to answer them.
2. In addition to this test bookleg you should have an answr sheel

3 Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answerc than there are items
in this tesr

4. Each item in this test has four suggested answenr lefiered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item
you are about to answer and decide which choice is best

5. On your answer sheet, find the number which corrcsponds to your item and shade the space
having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Lpok at the sample item below.

Samole ltem

The interaction of plants and animals with

components such as air and water defines SampleAnsuer
(A)
(B)
a biome
a biosphere
@@o@
(c) an ecosystem
(D) an ecological niche

The best answer to this item is *an ecosystem-, so (c) has been shaded.

6. Ifyou want to change your answer, erase it completely before you fill inyour new choice.
7. When you are told to begin, turn the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. If
you cannot answer an item, go on to the next one. You may retum to trat item later.

8. You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer ircms.

E

DO NOT TT]RN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO IX) SO.
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- Copyright @ 201 4 Caribbean E:caminations Councit
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I-I All rights reserved.
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1. Wliat is the name glven b the talsitioual 4. Which of the following is NOT a limiting
zone dlat separates different ecosystems? factor in the process of photosyndresis?

(A) Niche (A) Water

(B) Habitat (B) OxyBen
(c) Ecotone (c) Carbon dioxide
(D) Bordgrs (D) Available minerals

Item 2 refers to the diagram below which 5. Thecommunityformed by lichensardmosses

illustracs horr the number of individuals in which initially inhabia an exposed rock
a population changed with time as a resultof surface is described as
external stesses and resource limitations.
(A) ploneer
(B) climax
(c) secondary
(D) ecological
t
N
a
tr
tlc
ca
Itern 6 refers to the followingtable.

trr
c Site Species DiversitY
E{
I 0.15

The(montLs)
I 0.25
u 0.40
IV 0.31
2. Which lettered portion of the curve
corresponds to the carrying capacity of the
6. Based on the data in the table above, which
ecosystem?
site has the GREATESTecosystem stability?

(A) P
(A) I
(B) a (B) tr
(c) R
(D)
(c) III
s
(D) IV

3. Which of the following prooesses describes

7. Which of the foltowing combinations BEST
the ability of an organisrn to live in harmony
describes a natrrral ecosYstern?
or conformity wittt its environmen0

(A) Evolution
I. It creates fertile soil.
(B) Speciation
I Itrequirescontinualmaintenanceby
humans.
(C) AdaPtation
IU. It provides wildlife habitat
(D) Nafiral selection
(A) I and II only
(B) I and III otly
(c) II and ttl only
(D) I, II and llt

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1.:
8. Which ofthe following are characteristics of 10. Which of the followihg BEST illustratesthe
f. an ecotone? proccss ofevohrtion?

I. Contains a smaller numberofspecies (A) A lizard's colourbecomes b,rown as

than surrounding arcas. it sits on a log.
II. Conditions presentvary bctween two (B) Aplant loses ie leaves in a droughr
(C)
,.:

adjaqent ecological systems- A population of fr,ogs increases as

III. Supports many species not found in more prey becomes avaihble.
bordering ecosystenrs. (D) A population of mosquitoes
develops resistance to a pesticide.
(A) I and II only
(B) I and III only
(C) II and III only 11. Acertain type of marine wonn lives in shells
(D) I,ll and III occupied by hermit crabs- When the crabs
feed the worm comes out to share the meal.
-l
This rllationship is an e,xampb of
ltem 9 refers to the following pyramid :

,!

diagram- (A) muaralism !

J

(B) parasitism
According to Lindermann's ten per cent laq (c) commensalism
aboutten percentoftotal energr istransmifted (D) intaspecifi c competition
during enerry flow through trophic levels,
indicating a gradual decrease in the amount
of energr. Item 12 refers to the following graph which
shows the varition of population size with
time for a population.

Jcurve

S curve
Oecreamg o
qi ()
rebof rl
cuergrf,ow r
=
o
-
E

0 A B
IIme

9. The energr of Level II is 1000 kcal. What

12- The period from A to B is knovm as the
would be the enerry of l-evel III?
(A) lag phase
(A) 10 kcal
(B) exponential phase
(B) 100 kcal
(C) aridrmetic phase
(c) I 000 kcal
(D) stationary phase
(D) I0 000 kcal

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investigating fte density and
Item 13 refers to the following resutrs, which were obtained by shrdorts
&-brrtioo of three species olptants, A" B and C, in a grassy field using a lm2 quadrat'

QuadratThrow
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I 9 10

I J 4 2 I 0 I 5
A 9 0
0 0 0 0 7 9 I 0
B 6 5
3 4 4 4 4
c 4 4 3 4 5

13. The mean density, in plantVmz, of SpeciesA in ftefield is

(A) 2.60
(B) 3.00
(c) 3.2s
(D) 3.30

Item 14 refers to the following information. Item 15 refers to the following diagmm.

A shrdent sampled the number of organisms

in a garden. The results are shown below.

Garden Community
Species Abundrnce
I 25 Soilsuplc
2 l0
3 40
4 l5

14. What is ttre species diversity ofthe garden?

Atcobol to preserYc specimen
(A) 0.03
(B) 0.r9
:,
(c) 029
(D) 031 15. The method of capturing mobile organisms
shown above is called a

(A) pofier
(B) pitrall trap
(C) lighttrap
(D) tullgren funnel

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16. Which of the following factors cqnEibute 20. The lvlA.lORreas)n many early settlements
to a higher life expectancy in the developed were locded near rivers is that they provided
world?
(A) waler for irrigation
I. Improved medical care (B) waterforwashing
U. Sable political system (C) a sluree of recreation
III. Higher levels of hygiene (D) communicationbetrpeensefilemen6

(A) Iandtronly
(B) I and III only 2,.- Which ofthe following activities is consistent
(C) IIandtrI only with susainab le development?
(D) I,II and III
(A) Unnecessary use of paper
(B) Increasing the use of enerry in-
17. Which of the following is typical of a less efficient appliances
economielly develo@ country? (C) ' Tuming offappliances when not in
use
(A) Low birtfr rate (D) Incinerating all used paper
(B) High literacy rarc
(C) [,ow infant mortality rate
(D) low gross national product x2. Which of the following is NOT a direct
population contnol measure?

r8. Ecological processes are importantto human (A) Migration law

beings because they (B) Natural disaster
(C) Family planning
(A) are prcsent in the environment (D) Government policY
(B) are of benefitto plans and animals
(C) recycle nailral resouroes making
them constantly avai lable to human 23- Ifthe annual growth rate ofCountry X is 27o,

beings then dre doubling time for Country X is

(D) recycleman-madeproductsallowing
human beingp to consume more (A) 35 years
nEsoun9es (B) T0years
(C) l05years
(D) 140 years
19. Although flooding of a river is potentially
dangerous to humans, it is equally beneficial
becausethis U. TheTotal Fertility Rate (IFR) can be used to

(A) washes away garbage downstneam (A) account for infant mortalitY
(B) replanishes nutrient levels in flood (B) account for cmde death raies
plains (C) predictpossible hends in population
(C) provides a suPPlY of water for structure
domestic purposes (D) predict possible ratios of males to
(D) providesanabundantsupplyofwater females
for irrigation

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Item 25 refers to the following
histogram 27 Developed countries tend to have lower
which shows age stnrchre e:qressed as a rates of population growth than developing
perc,ntage ofpopulation for County Z- countries because developing counties have

Agc ruele [l Female (A) Iower infant mortalitY rates than

7*b developed countries
(B) higlrer fertility rates than developed
65j,9 countries
M (c) higher net migration rates than
55-s9 develo@ countries
(D) smaller populations than developed
1}4D countries
4041
35-39
30-34 Item 28 referstothe graph below,which shows
2*29
2VA
15-19
r ' different stages related to the birdr and death
rates for a typical human popu lation over time'

lr14 I C'
cL StegeI Stegetr StageItr StageW
+9 E ratc
0*1 6!
30
10t 4202 10 EO
.o
6= \\
Percentegc of poPuletion
r
EE
\

25. Approximately what percentage of the

d

EI
i.l
Dathnti
10
population in Counlry Z is UNDER age l5?

(A) t2
fime->
(B) 16
(c) 24 28. The rate of population grou/h starts to slow
(D) 30
down atthe

(A) end of Stage I

26- Which of the following is considered the
(B) middle of Sage tI
MAIOR envimnmental problem because it
(C) beginning of Stage III
aggravates dl othercnvironmental problcms?
(D) end of StagoIV

(A) Air polltttion

(B) Globalwarming
(C) Ozone dePletion
(D) Human poPulation growth

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I ms 2L30 refer to tre following populatbn pyramids for Congo (1994) and Japan (1992)-

Mele Femetc Age

m+

3$39

1+19

Congo G994) Jepen (1992)

29. Which of the following staternents on the 30. Which of the following may be a
above population pyramids is tnte? DISADVAIITAGE of Japan having such a
population strucurrc?
(A) Congohasahigherfertilitylevelthan
Japan. (A) Increased unernployment
(B) Japan has a higheryoudt depndency (B) An even:hral deline in workforce
than Congo. (C) lrss money spenton childcare
(C) Morc people are expected to live (D) More money spent on pensions
longer in theCongo.
(D) Congo has a larger proportion of
elderly people than Japan.

31. Toxic pesticides can re-enter t're fmd chain Y. 'Natural ttsoutte' is BEST ffined as
Vta
(A) the eardr's processes that sustain life
(A) erosion (B) material that man produces for his
(B) transpiration own use
(c) ground \rater contamination (C) material turdenergr thatare found in
(D) sedimentation of watcr bodies the environment
(D) solid materials used for building
strucfures such as rods
32. Which of the following terms refers to the
intensivc scarch for compounds ofmedicinnl
value in organisms that were not previously
used for such purposes?
3t Indigenous people have been ableto manage
their natural environment by utilizing

(A) Biopiracy
I. deforestation
(B) Bioproduction
n. intercropping
(C) Biopersistencc
m. crop rotation
(D) Bioprospecting
(A) I and II only
33. An example ofconsumptive use of forests is (B) I and III only
(C) II and til only
(A) logging (D) I,II and III
(B) ecotourism
(c) agroforestry
(D) bioprospecting

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36. A country wants to construct a new airport Before fris is done, detailed research is undertaken to
assess Ae likely environmental effecE ofthis project. Which nanrral resouroe managcmenttool
BEST
describes this approach?

(A) EIA
(B) rucN
(c) NEAP
'SPAW
(D)

Item 37 refers to the following diagnm vrhich shows a coasal ecosystern.

37. Where would tre GREATEST biodiversity be found?

(A) A
(B) B
(c) c
(D) D

by
3E. Which of the following is MOST likely to occur in a forested region that has recently been cleared
cutring?

(A) The concentration of nutrients in streams nrnning through the region will increase-
(B) The average depth of topsoil will increasc.
iCi The wdertemperature in streams nrnning through the region will decrease.
(D) The volume of runoffafter rains will decrease.

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Item 39 refers to dre pie chart which shows 40. Inroducing orotic species intothe ecosystem
tbe economic instnrmcnts used for natural of a country may resuh in
resource conservation in a country.
L the dirylacernent of native spocies
l0'/c II. the death of native species
m- no change in diversity of species
* *,<
(A) I only
* (B) III only
** *<*
* * ** (C) I and II only
{< *:
* (D) I,II,ardItr

41. Measres used in tte conservation of natural

resouroes include
,f t'v t' r, n'
^, 1nz
1, i, L physioal conversion of vegetation
^"
and land
xDr I use of aprpropriate technologt
Inceufive ru. stsainable yield management
Ecouomic valurtion of rcsomccs
Uscrfcc
(A) Iandtronly
(B) I and III only
Tex (C) trandlllonly
Penrtty (D) I,trandltr
Greeu eccounting

42. Which of the following are rcasons for

resouoe conservation?
39. Which economic instnrment is MOSTwidely
used? I. Aesthetic value
II. Eftical @ncern
(A) Tax u. Integrated development planning
(B) Penatty
(c) lncentive (A) Iandllonly
(D) User fee (B). I and trt only
(C) II and Itr only
(D) I, II and III

I
l

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Itgms4i-44refer to dre graph below which shows tre production of marine fish in a Caribbean country
overthe pcrid r950-2000.

lrxxlo

9txr0

a t0txl
a)
E
C}
7000
e
c
6l
60fli
a
o 5000
r
tto ,tll00

E6! 3lm

2000

1t,00

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Amo 2010

Yeer

8- The MOST significant positive change in fish production occurred over the period

(A) 1950-1960
(B) 197G1980
(c) 19811990
(D) r990-2000

u. Which of the following staternents about the annual marine fish prodrction is
correc.fl

(A) The annual marinefish production forthe period 195f2000 was at iB

maximum in 196,4.
(B) The annual marine fish production in 1990 was 50 per cent of the maximum production.
(c) In 20fl), the annual marine fish production was 5d0 tonnes below the annual production
in
1950.
(D) For the period 1980-2000, tte marine fish production declined at an average rate of 2gg tonnes
annually.

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Item 45 refers to the following diagrarn, which illustrates the overall annual monetary contribution of
foU"gCr eoral-reef-associated tourism and recreation, fistreries and shoreline protection services.

l8
T,'A

E
Htshcttutir
E .c
%
lt t0
a
G
il LorEgtueta
o 5a

40

2a

Ibuim Ebhcriec Storcfinc

and Protc&n
Rctrafu

tourism and recreation Pr year?

45. what is the moneary contribution of Tobago's coral-reef-associated

(A) US$l0-15 million

(B) US$2H0 million
(c) US$5G{0 million
(D) US$l0fl20 million

END OFTEST

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