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Objects/componentswithmanyhiddendetails

Internalcomplexfeaturesofan
object/componentcanonlybe
seenclearlybycuttingitthrough
suitablevirtualcuttingorsection
planes

1
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Section(thinparallel)linedareas
arethoseportionsthatcamein
actualcontactwithcuttingplane.
Visiblepartsbehindthecutting
planeareshown,butnothatched.

2
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Cuttingplanewithchangingorientations
Visiblebutnotcut

Cuttingplaneactually
passesthroughthese
partsofthematerial

3
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Morefeatures
areseenby
changingthe
orientationofthe
cutting plane
cuttingplane

4
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Generalusehashingpattern Hashing Pattern

Continuous thin lines at
convenient angle (preferably
45) to the principal outlines, 2
mm apart to each other.

Earth

Rock

5
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Common Mistakes
Spacing between the hashing lines should be chosen in proportion to the size of the hashed
areas, provided that the requirement for minimum spacing are maintained. 2 mm spacing is
normal but it can be lesser or more depending upon the size of the section drawing.

Edgestobeshown
Hiddenlinenottobeshown
Nodottedlineinthesectionview

Hashinglines
shouldbe
drawninone
directionand
parallelto
eachother

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Sectionalviewsarealways Acrossentireobject
viewedinthedirectiondefined
bycuttingplanearrows.

Onehalfremoved

Dottedlinesshouldbe
avoidedfromboththeviews
Anyhiddensurfacethatisbehind
cuttingplaneisnotincludedin
sectionalview. 7

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Sectional Orthographic Views

3rd angleprojection

Mistakesin
dimensioning?

Mistakeinthe
representationof
cuttingplane?
tti l ?

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SectionBB
b c
a

Ribnottobesectioned

9
SectionAA

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Sectional view of Ribs Ribsaddstrengthand

rigiditytoanobject.
Usuallynarrow.

10

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DevelopmentofSurfacesofasolid
Whenthesurfacesofasolidarelaidoutonaplane,thefigureobtainediscalleditsdevelopment.
Thedimensionsofthedevelopedsurfacesrepresentthetruedimensions ofthesolid.Hence,
thetruelengthofthecorrespondingedgeshouldbeused.

Thistypeofdrawingisusedinindustriessuchasautomobile,aircraft,shipbuilding,packaging,
sheet metalworketc.
sheetmetal work etc.

Inconstructionofboilers,bins,autobodyparts,aircraftbodyparts,processvessels,hoppers,
funnels,chimneys,etc.,theplatesorsheetsaremarkedaccordingtothedevelopmentofsurfaces
andthencut.Thesurfacesarefoldedattheedgesofthesolid.

Theformsofthesheetafterlayingoutalltheoutersurfaceswithsuitableallowancesisknown
aspattern.
MethodsofDevelopment
(1)Parallellinedevelopment

(2)Radiallinedevelopment

(3)Triangulationdevelopment

(4)Approximatemethod

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Parallellinedevelopmentofasquareprism

LineAAandA1A1 are
calledstretchoutlines.

Fig152Bhutt

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Developmentofcubesurfacewithgivenfrontview

FRONT VIEW
FRONTVIEW

(1)Nameallthecornersofthecubeandthepointswhere
theedgesarecut
(2)DrawthestretchoutlinesAA andEE inlinewiththe DEVELOPMENTOFCUBE
frontview.Namealltheedges.
(3)Connectthecutpoint1 with1 and4 andcomplete
thedevelopment
Fig.153Bhatt

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Developmentofthelateralsurfaceofahexagonalprism
D1

A B C D E F A

TOP&FRONT
VIEW

Fig.157Bhatt

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Developmentofacylindercutbythreeplanes

FRONT DEVELOPMENTOFCUTCYLINDER
Fig1512(i)Bhatt VIEW Fig1512(ii)Bhatt

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