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During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, 15211898, there were several revolts against the Spanish colonial
government by indigenous Moro, Lumad, Indians, Chinese (Sangleys) and Insulares (Mestizos), often with the goal of re-
establishing the rights and powers that had traditionally belonged toLumad Timueys, Maginoo Rajah and Moro Datus.
Most of these revolts failed because the majority of the local population sided up with the well armed colonial government, and to
fight with Spanish as foot soldiers to put down the revolts.
In Mindanao and Sulu, a continuous fight for sovereigntywas sustained by the Moro people and their allies for the whole duration of
Spanish conquest and rule.
Contents
1 16th century
1.1 Dagami Revolt (15651567)
1.2 Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt (1574)
1.3 Pampanga Revolt (1585)
1.4 Conspiracy of the Maharlikas (15871588)
1.5 Revolts Against the Tribute (1589)
1.6 Magalat Revolt (1596)
2 17th century
2.1 Igorot Revolt (1601)
2.2 The Chinese Revolt of 1603
2.3 Tamblot Revolt (16211622)
2.4 Bankaw (Bancao) Revolt (16211622)
2.5 Itneg Revolt (16251627)
2.6 Ladia Revolt (1643)
2.7 Sumuroy Revolt (164950)
2.8 Maniago/Pampanga Revolt (16601661)
2.9 Malong Revolt (16601661)
2.10 Almazan Revolt (January 1661)
2.11 Chinese Revolt of 1662
2.12 Panay Revolt (1663)
2.13 Zambal Revolt (16811683)
3 18th century
3.1 Agrarian Revolt of 1745
3.2 Dagohoy Rebellion (17441829)
3.3 Silang Revolt (17621763)
3.4 Palaris Revolt (17621764)
4 19th century
4.1 Basi Revolt (1807)
4.2 Novales Revolt (1823)
4.3 Palmero Conspiracy (1828)
4.4 Pule Revolt (18401841)
4.5 Cavite Mutiny (1872)
5 See also
6 References
16th century
17th century
Governor-General Alonso Fajardo de Entenza sent the alcalde mayor of Cebu, Juan de Alcarazo, with Spanish and foot soldier
colonial troops, to suppress the rebellion. Bankaw's severed head was impaled on a bamboo stake and displayed to the public as a
stern warning. One of his sons was also beheaded, and one of the babaylans was burned at the stake. Three other followers were
executed by firing squad which the Spanish already possessed at that time. Other historical sources/accounts reports The Bankaw
Revolt as the first recorded uprising against foreign colonization. The (16211622) dates may be inaccurate. Carigara was known
only a decade after Magellan landed in Limasawa in 1521. The uprising may well have taken place towards the end of the 16th
century.
In 1626, Governor-General Fernndo de Silva sent Spanish and foot soldier colonial troops to suppress the rebellion. They destroyed
farms and other sources of food to starve the Itnegs, and forced them to surrender in 1627.
The government in Manila directed that all natives subject to the polo are not to be sent to places distant from their hometowns to do
their forced labor. However, under orders of the various town alcaldes, or mayors, The Waray were being sent to the shipyards of
Cavite to do their polo y servicio, which sparked the revolt. The local parish priest of Palapag was murdered and the revolt eventually
spread to Mindanao, Bicol and the rest of the Visayas, especially in places such as Cebu, Masbate, Camiguin, Zamboanga, Albay,
Camarines and parts of northern Mindanao, such as Surigao. A rebel government was successfully established in the mountains of
Samar.
The defeat, capture and execution of Sumuroy in June 1650 delivered a big setback to the revolt. His trusted co conspirator David
Dula sustained the quest for freedom with greater vigor but in one of a fierce battles several years later, he was wounded, captured
and later executed in Palapag, Northern Samar by the Spaniards together with his seven key lieutenants.
18th century
The refusal of the Spanish priests resulted in much rioting, resulting in massive looting of convents and arson of churches and
ranches. The case was eventually investigated by Spanish officials and was even heard in the court of Ferdinand VI in which he
ordered the priests to return the lands they seized. The priests were successfully able to appeal the return of lands back to the natives,
which resulted in no land being returned to native landowners.
However, Silang was killed on May 28, 1763 by Miguel Vicos, a friend of Silang. The Spanish authorities paid for his murder,
leading to his death in the arms of his wife, Gabriela. She continued her husband's struggle, earning the title "Joan of Arc of the
Ilocos" because of her many victories in battle. The battles of the Silang revolt are a prime example of the use of divide et impera,
since Spanish troops largely used Kapampangan soldiers to fight the Ilocanos.
Eventually, the revolt ended with the defeat of the Ilocanos. Gabriela Silang was executed by Spanish authorities in Vigan on
September 10, 1763.
By December, all Spanish officials, except the Dominican friars who were in charge of the Catholic mission, had left Pangasinan. The
Spanish colonial government had to deal with the British invaders and the simultaneous Silang Revolt, led by Diego Silang, in the
neighboring province of Ilocos in the north. (The present-day province of La Union was still part of Pangasinan and Ilocos). At the
battle of Agno, he faced on March 1, 1763 the Spanish forces under the command of Alfonso de Arayat, who led a composite troop
of Spanish soldiers and Indios loyal to Spain. Arayat withdrew after losing much of his Indio loyalists.Pangasinenses took over all
official functions and controlled the province up to the Agno River, the natural boundary between Pangasinan and neighboring
Pampanga in the south. (The present-day province of Tarlac was still part of Pampanga.)At the height of the uprising, Palaris
commanded 10,000 men. He was also in communication with Silang, with whom he was coordinating a bigger offensive against the
Spanish.
However, the Seven Years' War ended on February 10, 1763 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763) in Paris, France. Also,
Silang was assassinated on May 28, 1763 by an Indio under the employ of the friars. The Spanish were then able to focus on the
uprising and mustered forces to surround Palaris.The Spanish friars, who were allowed to stay in the province, also started a
campaign to persuade Pangasinan residents of the futility of the Palaris Revolt.
By March 1764, most of the province had already fallen, leaving Palaris no escape route except through Lingayen Gulf and the South
China Sea in the west. He chose to stay in Pangasinan and hid among his supporters.But his presence terrified his protectors and his
own sister Simeona, who was apparently threatened by the Spanish clergy, betrayed him to Agustn Matias, the gobernadorcillo
(mayor) of the razed Binalatongan.Palaris was arrested on January 16, 1765 and brought to the provincial capital of Lingayen for
trial. While in detention, he confessed being the principal leader of the revolt. He was convicted and hanged on February 26, 1765
19th century
In 1828, matters became worse when public officials, mainly provincial governors, were also being replaced by Peninsulares. In the
same year, two Palmero brothers, members of a prominent clan in the Philippines, along with other people from both the military and
the civil service, planned to seize the government. Such was the prominence of the Palmeros, one of whose most famous descendants
was Marcelo Azcrraga Palmero, that when the Spanish government discovered the plan, they thought it would be wise not to report
it to the public. The plot itself would embarrass the government since the conspirators were Spaniards themselves and it would seem
that Spaniards themselves would want to overthrow the power of Spain in the country
. The main conspirators were exiled.
Because of this, the Spanish government sent in troops to forcibly break up the order, forcing De la Cruz and his followers to rise in
armed revolt in self-defense. Many bloody battles were fought with the order's last stand in Mount San Cristobal, near Mount
Banahaw, in October 1841. The Spaniards eventually won, and Apolinario de la Cruz was executed on November 4, 1841 in the then-
provincial capital, Tayabas.
See also
History of the Philippines (15211898)
Military History of the Philippines
References
1. Central and Eastern Visayas Dagahi and Eugenio S. Daza (http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/hero/cev/page2.html),
msc.edu.ph, retrieved 2008-07-04
2. Seor Enrique, Wish You Were Here (http://senorenrique.blogspot.com/2006/10/brunei-connection.html)
, retrieved
2008-07-14
3. Philippine History Group of Los Angeles(http://www.bibingka.com/phg/ilocos/default.htm), Alfonso S. Quilala Jr.,
retrieved 2008-07-17
4. Electronic Kabalen (http://eksite.com/x.html?http://eksite.com/viray
.071029.html), J. Reylan Bustos Viray, retrieved
2008-07-17
5. Bartleby, The Philippines 15001800(http://www.bartleby.com/67/867.html), retrieved 2008-07-04
6. Aklasan ng mga Ingorot nuong 1601(http://www.elaput.org/chrm1601.htm), elaput.org, retrieved 2008-07-04
7. The Revolts before the Revolution(http://www.nhi.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=35&Itemid=
2) www.nhi.gov.ph Retrieved 21 November 2006.
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