INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN

CARING
IkaYuni Widyawati
 Humanistic
Existential -Altruistic
Phenomenologi
Faith-Hope
calSpiritual
Forces

Gratificatio
n of human Sensitivity
needs
10 Carative
Supportive,
protective, and/or
corrective mental,
Factors Acceptance the
expression of
physical, societal,
positive and
& spiritual negative
environment feelings
Transperso
nal Helping-
Teaching Creative Trusting
Learning Problem
Solving

(Tomey & Alligood, 2006; Watson, 2006; Black, 2014)

 INSTRUMEN CARING
(Tomey & Alligood, 2006; Black, 2014)

01 02 03 04 05

Caring Caring Caring Caring Caring

Assessment Behaviors Behavior Dimensions Efficacy Scale
Instrument Assessment Inventory Inventory (CES)
(CARE-Q) Tool (CBAT) (CBI) (CDI)

01 02 03 04 05

Caring Caring Holistic Caring Caring Profesional

Behavior Attributes Intervention Profesional Caring
Checklist Professional (HCI) Scale (CPS) Behavior
(CBC) Self Concept (PCB)
Technological
Influence
(CAPSTI)
 TUJUAN PENGUKURAN
(Watson, 2009)

Continuous improvement of caring through the

use of outcomes and more mindful interventions
to improve practices;
The benchmarking of structures and settings and
environments in which caring is more manifest;
The tracking of levels and models of caring in
care settings against routine care practices;
Evaluation of the consequences of caring versus
noncaring for both nurses and patients;
 TUJUAN PENGUKURAN
(Watson, 2009)

Creation of a report care model of a unit or an

institution in a critical area of practice;
Identification of areas of weakness and strength
in caring processes and interventions in order to
stimulate self-correction and models of
excellence in practice;
Increased development of our knowledge and
understanding of the relationship between caring
relationships and health and healing;
 TUJUAN PENGUKURAN
(Watson, 2009)

Empirical validation of extant caring theories, as

well as the generation of new theories of caring,
caring relationships, and healing-health practices;
and
The stimulation of new directions for curriculum
and pedagogies in nursing and caring and health
sciences, including
interdisciplinary/transdisciplinary education and
research.
CARING BEHAVIORS
ASSESMENT TOOL
(CBAT)
 CARING BEHAVIORS ASSESMENT TOOL
(CBAT)
(Cronin & Harrison, 1988; Baldursdottir & Jonsdottir, 2002)

Instrumen yang pertama kali dikembangkan oleh Cronin &

Harrison (1988)
Terdiri dari 63 perilaku caring perawat, dikelompokkan menjadi 7
subskala yang disesuaikan 10 faktor karatif Watson
Subskala tersebut meliputi:
humanism/faith-hope/sensitivity;
helping/trust;
expression of positive/negative feelings;
teaching/learning;
supportive/protective/corrective environment;
human needs assistance; and
existential/phenomenologi- cal/spiritual forces
 CARING BEHAVIORS ASSESMENT TOOL
(CBAT)
(Cronin & Harrison, 1988; Baldursdottir & Jonsdottir, 2002)

Instrumen yang pertama kali dikembangkan oleh Cronin &

Harrison (1988)
Terdiri dari 63 pertanyaan ttg perilaku caring perawat,
dikelompokkan menjadi 7 subskala yang disesuaikan 10 faktor
karatif Watson
Subskala tersebut meliputi:
humanism/faith-hope/sensitivity;
helping/trust;
expression of positive/negative feelings;
teaching/learning;
supportive/protective/corrective environment;
human needs assistance; and
existential/phenomenological/spiritual forces
CARING BEHAVIORS ASSESMENT TOOL
(CBAT)
(Cronin & Harrison, 1988; Tuttle, 1997)
CARING BEHAVIORS ASSESMENT TOOL
(CBAT)
(Cronin & Harrison, 1988; Tuttle, 1997)

Tuttle
(1997)
CARING BEHAVIORS ASSESMENT TOOL
(CBAT)
(Cronin & Harrison, 1988; Tuttle, 1997)
CARING BEHAVIORS ASSESMENT TOOL
(CBAT)
(Cronin & Harrison, 1988; Tuttle, 1997)
CARING BEHAVIORS ASSESMENT TOOL
(CBAT)
(Cronin & Harrison, 1988; Tuttle, 1997)
CARING BEHAVIORS ASSESMENT TOOL
(CBAT)
(Cronin & Harrison, 1988; Tuttle, 1997)
CARING BEHAVIORS ASSESMENT TOOL
(CBAT)
(Cronin & Harrison, 1988; Tuttle, 1997)
CARING BEHAVIORS ASSESMENT TOOL
(CBAT)
(Cronin & Harrison, 1988; Tuttle, 1997)
 CARING BEHAVIORS ASSESMENT TOOL
(CBAT)
(Baldursdottir & Jonsdottir, 2002)

Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach ) for each of the 7

subscales: ranged from 0.69 to 0.89.
The instrument consist of 61 items: (Icelandic version)
Q. No. 21 Ask me what I like to be called
Q. No. 25 Visit me if I move to another hospital unit,
The 2 dropped items in the Icelandic version were both from
the same subscale (helping/trust)
9 items in the present study instead of 11 as in Cronin
and Harrisons study
 KELEBIHAN & KEKURANGAN
CBAT
(Cronin & Harrison, 1988; Tuttle, 1997; Baldursdottir & Jonsdottir, 2002)

Kelebihan:
Menunjukkan 10 factor karatif Watson
Menggunakan persepsi pasien dalam
penilaian perilaku caring perawat
Penilaian perilaku caring per individu
Kekurangan:
Jumlah pertanyaan >>
 HASIL SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
(Drake, 2016)

1 2

Caring Behavior Assessment Caring Behavior Assessment (CBA) Tool

(CBA) Tool (Cronin & Harrison, (Baldursdottir & Jonsdottir, 2002):
1988): B Good quality: reasonably consistent
C Low quality or major flaws: results; sufficient sample size for the study
little evidence with design; some control, and fairly definitive
inconsistent results; conclusions; reasonably consistent
insufficient sample size for recommendations based on fairly
the study design;conclusions comprehensive literature review that
cannot be drawn includes some reference to scientific
evidence
CARING BEHAVIORS
CHECKLIST
(CBC)
CARING BEHAVIORS CHECKLIST
(CBC)
(Watson, 2009)

Alat ukur caring behavior checklist (CBC) and client perception of

caring (CPC) dikembangkan oleh McDaniel (1990) caring for
dan caring about
Caring about merupakan hasil konseptualisasi dari:
Kesadaran akan kebutuhan pelayanan keperawatan
Pengambilan keputusan untuk memberikan pelayanan
(komitmen)
Aksi/Tindakan (yang menunjukkan upaya untuk mencapai
tujuan)
Aktualisasi (wujud kepuasan perawat atau yang menerima
pelayanan keperawatan akan keberhasilan pencapaian)
CARING BEHAVIORS CHECKLIST
(CBC)
(Watson, 2009)
CBC didesain untuk mengukur ada tidaknya perilaku caring
(observasi)
CBC terdiri dari 12 item perilaku caring (7 penilaian verbal;
5 penilaian non verbal)
Bukan tingkatan atau derajat yang dinilai
Nilai total = 0-12 nilai tertinggi menunjukkan adanya
perilaku caring yang ditampilkan, nilai rendah
menunjukkan hanya beberapa saja perilaku caring yang
ditampilkan
Penilai adalah petugas observer yang menilai interaksi
perawat-pasien selama 30 menit
 CLIENT PERCEPTION of CARING
(CBC)
(Watson, 2009)
CPC merupakan kuesioner yang mengukur respons pasien
terhadap perilaku caring perawat
CPC diberikan kepada pasien setelah observasi selesai
dilakukan
Terdiri dari 10 item dengan 6 rentang skala skor 10-60
Hasil: skor tertinggi menunjukkan derajat perilaku caring yang
ditunjukkan yang dipersepsikan pasien dengan nilai tinggi,
begitu juga sebaliknya
Validitas CBC menggunakan Content Validity Index (CVI) yakni
sebesar 0,80. Reliabilitas CPC menggunakan konsistensi internal
yakni alpa sebesar 0.81. reliabilitas CBC menggunakan
pernyataan interater dan dihasilkan nilai rentang 0,76
sampai1,00, dimana 8 dari 12 item adalah 0,90 atau di atas
rata-rata (McDaniel, 1990 dalam Watson, 2009).
CARING BEHAVIORS CHECKLIST
(CBC)
(Watson, 2009)
Reliabilitas & Validitas:
Validitas CBC menggunakan Content Validity Index (CVI)
dengan skor 0,80.
Reliabilitas CBC memiliki nilai 0,76-1,00
CPC menggunakan konsistensi internal dengan skor alpa
0,81
[McDaniel (1990) dalam Watson (2009)]
[McDaniel (1990) dalam Watson (2009)]
 KELEBIHAN & KEKURANGAN
CBC - CPC
(Cronin & Harrison, 1988; Tuttle, 1997; Baldursdottir & Jonsdottir, 2002)

Kelebihan:
Menggunakan 2 metode yaitu observasi dan
penilaian persepsi perilaku caring perawat
terhadap pasien mengurangi subyektivitas
1 pihak
Penilaian perilaku caring per individu
Kekurangan:
Kurang efektif efisien
 CARING
PROFESSIONAL
SCALE
(CPS)
 CARING PROFESSIONAL SCALE
(CPS)
Kuesioner aplikasi caring Swanson
Desain kuesioner ini dapat dipergunakan untuk seluruh
tenaga kesehatan professional
Terdiri dari 14 item pertanyaan penilaiannya dengan
menggunakan skala Likert
Reliabilitas & Validitas:
Reliabilitas 0,74-0,96 (perawat klinik mahir); 0,97
(perawat); 0,96 (dokter)
Validitas 0,61
[Swanson (2001) dalam Watson (2009)]
(Murphy, Jones, Edwards, James, & Mayer, 2009)
CARING BEHAVIOR
(Drake, 2016)
 REFERENCES

Baldursdottir, G., & Jonsdottir, H. (2002). The Importance of Nurse Caring

Behaviors as Perceived by Patients Receiving Care at An Emergency
Department. Heart and Lung, 31(1), 6775.
http://doi.org/10.1067/mhl.2002.119835

Cronin, S. N., & Harrison, B. (1988). Importance of Nurse Caring Behaviors as

Perceived by Patients After Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung, 17, 374
380.

Tuttle, S. B. (1997). Patient Perceptions of Nurse Caring Behaviors. Grand Valley

State University.

Watson, J. (2009). Assessing and Measuring Caring in Nursing and Health

Sciences (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Publishing Company.