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Vocabulary
Umesh Arya
Senior Lecturer,
Hisar-125001
umesharya1973@gmail.com
www.umesharya.blogspot.com
A
Aback (bak) - shocked, surprised
Everybody was taken aback when the Babri Masjid was demolished.
The government was accused by the opposition of abdicating its moral responsibility of
protecting the minorities.
Abeyance (abeyunce) - a state of not being used for a period of time, stop temporarily,
being suspended
The decision to increase the foodgrain prices was kept in abeyance by the outgoing government.
The militants should abjure violence first and then come to the negotiations.
Due to the heavy budget deficit, the finance ministry decided to abolish the posts and put a ban
on the fresh recruitment.
Every citizen of the country should abominate the racial discrimination and untouchability.
The assassination attempt on the minister's life was aborted by the security personnel.
With the growth of media, it is very easy to keep abreast with the latest development.
Due to shortage of time, the speaker presented an abridged version of his speech.
The plan to arrest terrorists by bombing the building looked absurd to the army.
Although the country has abundant natural resources but they won't last forever.
Abysmal (abizmul) - bottomless
The economic reforms in the country should be accelerated for speedy development.
Common man finds it difficult to access the authorities for his grievances.
The Palestine and Israel signed a historic peace accord saying no to the war.
2. to give
The commission recommended in its report that the bureaucracy should be made accountable.
Big advantages accrued to the opposition parties form the infighting in the government.
The enquiry commission was surprised to see how the income tax officer could accumulate so
much of property.
Every new coalition government gets accustomed to the repeated threats of withdrawal of
support by its allies.
The accused in murder case was acquitted by the court due to lack of evidence.
The acrimony ended and a new phase started in the bilateral relations of the two countries.
The death of the young man in custody actuated the violent protest in the city.
Adamant (adament) - who doesn't change his mind after much persuasion
The victims accused the authorities of being adamant.
The workers demanded that the ad hoc appointments should be regularised in the company.
The communist countries are bidding adieu to communism and shifting to democracy.
Ad nauseam (adnojium) - to do or say something again and again so that it becomes very
boring
It would be advisable on the part of the government to cut its non-planned expenditure.
Social reformers have advocated for equal rights for men and women.
The emerging media have the affinity for new communication technologies.
The tragedy of civil war has afflicted most of the African countries.
Some economists believe that liberalization has only served the interest of an affluent section of
society.
The plan is afoot to reduce the fiscal deficit by half in the next financial year.
Aftermath (aa-ftma) - bad results after a situation
The situation in the flood affected area aggravated after heavy rains.
The aggrieved party filed an appeal in the court against the municipal corporation.
The Army should be prepared to answer any attempt of aggression by the enemies.
Agitate (ajitet) - to argue strongly in public for or against some social or political changes
The trade unions agitated against the retrenchment of some of their colleagues.
The enquiry committee found that the new case of money mismanagement in the department
was akin to the earlier one.
Alibi eleby - evidence that proves that a person was at other place at the time of crime,
excuse
All the suspects of murder had the alibi for the day of murder.
Alienate eliyenate - to make somebody feel that they don't belong to a particular group
The supporting parties alienated when the government didn't accept their demands.
After purchasing the government's share in the factory, the private company allayed the fears of
the workers regarding cut in the jobs.
The opposition alleged that there is large scale corruption in the government.
The newspaper published a news regarding a person who allegedly murdered his own child.
The company's financial problems alleviated after the rise in sale of its products..
The animal department has been allocated 20 crores rupees for research and development for
this year.
The army altered its plan when it came to know that the enemy has got wind of its strategy.
Amass emes - to collect money, goods in great amount over a long period
The relatively new investor amassed a good fortune in the stock market business with in a short
time.
The loss of life was amazing when the earthquake struck the country.
With the implementation of Information Technology act, the cyber crimes falls within the ambit of
law.
The terrorists ambushed the army personnel killing one officer and two soldiers.
Donations from the International funding agencies ameliorated the economic condition of poor
countries.
Amend amend - to make changes in the law or document in order to correct mistakes,
improve
The constitution has been amended many times to suit the social change in the country.
Some persons convinced the opponents to sit together and find an amicable solution of their
dispute.
The Governor read his opening speech of the session amid big noise.
The resolution in the parliament was passed amid strong noise from the opposition benches.
By not learning from the previous mistakes, the government is often accused of amnesia.
The government announced amnesty to hundreds of prisoners on the occasion of republic day.
The army draws an analogy between the large number of militants and increased violence.
An analogy can be drawn between the Bombay blasts and attack on World Trade Centre.
Anathema enethma - an idea you hate because you don't believe in it.
The anathema of bloody riots poses a serious threat to the brotherhood and national unity of a
country.
The anguish of the rich people was unbearable who lost everything in the earthquake.
Talks between the rival groups can bring to an end their animosity.
In the annals of development, the newspapers have contributed a lot by bringing social change in
the country.
The neighbouring country deployed heavy forces along the border in order to annex the territory
of the other country.
The business community urged the government to rectify the anomalies in the tax structure.
An anonymous person informed the police about the bomb in the plane.
The researcher didn't up his ante while submitting the financial requirements for the new project.
In an anticlimax, the government changed its stand in the court on the issue of banning the old
vehicles .
The authorities said that a comprehensive strategy was on the anvil for improving the
infrastructure in the country.
There is lot of anxiety among the employees about the possible job losses.
The government's apathy towards the Handicraft industry was criticized by the business
community.
The apex court delivered the historic judgement on the disputed structure.
Apparent aperent - 1. easily understood or evident
The humiliation of the ruling party was apparent to everybody who lost on every seat.
The victims were dissatisfied with the police's apparent lack of interest in arresting the dacoits.
Appease a-peeze - to make somebody calmer or less angry by giving him or her what they
want
Applaud ap-load - to show approval for a person, performance, idea etc. by clapping
The Prime Minister apprised the President of the financial condition of the country.
The new financial reforms have won approbation form the economists.
Arbitrary rbitri - use of power without considering its effect on other people, not based on
reasoning
The arbitrary attitude of the company angered many of its loyal customers.
Arbitrate r-bitrate - to act as a judge in an argument especially at the request of both sides
A person was nominated by the government to arbitrate between the Management and
employees.
Some sections of the law have become archaic and need immediate review.
The government's archive can yield some very useful and secret information.
After many difficulties, the ardent women parliamentarians managed to present the bill on
women reservation in elections.
The democratic party found it difficult to deal with the ardent supporters of communism.
The availability of skilled professionals in the field of Information Technology has build India's
image in the international arena.
The investigative agency ascertained the truth behind the false story of murder within two days.
The miscreants assailed the shopkeepers and looted the cash. The government was assailed by
the opposition over the issue of women's reservation bill.
He asserted that he would always work for the upliftment of the poor.
The police found it assiduous to keep an eye on such a large population of the capital.
It is an assiduous job to lay underwater fibre optic cable between two countries.
The government assigned the job of economic development to the eminent economists.
The mediators assuaged the anger between the fighting groups and the peaceful atmosphere
was restored.
The voice of protest from striking workers attenuated when the management announced more
incentives for them.
It was an audacious attempt by the soldiers to chase and attack hardcore militants.
The good rainfall augurs well for the agricultural production in the country.
The Chief Minister announced several schemes for the poor on the auspicious occasion of
Independence Day.
Avalanche evelanch - the fall or sliding of a mass of snow down a mountain-slope, something
in very big numbers
The new communication technologies are providing an avalanche of information to the audience.
The rebels took to arms and decided to avenge the injustice done to them.
All the striking employees present in the meeting were averse to have confrontation with the
government.
B
Back bek - to support
The opposition parties backed the government in projecting a unified view before the
international community.
Riots started against the backdrop of the communal tension in the city.
The newspaper bagged the award for the best story and editorial writing.
Bail out bale - rescue somebody from a difficult situation
The ailing public sector companies need to be bailed out by the government's funding.
A self reliant country should not fall prey to the bait of excessive foreign loans.
To ensure success, the banal ideas should be replaced with the creative ones.
The death of emotional feelings and sensitivity in people is the bane of the modern society.
The young minister vowed to banish the poverty and drought from his state.
Since no single party could get majority in the elections so the largest seats winning party is
banking upon the support of small parties to form government.
The weaker sections of the society alleged that they were barred from casting their votes in the
elections.
The stage is set for a biggest trade show for which barely a week is left.
While sharing the seats for the elections, political parties often resort to a barter system.
The suspected thieves were bashed by the police to extract information about the stolen goods.
Beckon bekun - to give a signal to call somebody, to call and make somebody follow you
Liberalisation and globalisation are the two factors which beckon foreign investors in a
country.
Bedevil bidevil - to cause a lot of problem for something over a period of time
The main factor bedeviling the safety performance in railway accidents may be the manipulation
of accident statistics.
The opposition created a bedlam in the house over the issue of reduction in subsidy.
After the threats, the security near the Prime Minister's residence was beefed up.
The entertainment material published in the newspapers should be befitting to the interest of the
readers.
Behest behest - command, order
At the behest of some external powers, terrorists are waging proxy war against India.
The development in the western countries can be a benchmark for our development.
Every government seems to put the issues of national importance beneath the carpet and
doesn't deal with them seriously.
The victims of natural calamities have benefited and will continue to benefit from the benevolent
acts of some people in the society.
The social work has always enjoyed a benign image in every part of the
world.
The father was benumbed by the tragic death of his son in the accident.
Bereaved breeve - state of sorrow of family members on the death of their member
The Prime Minister expressed sympathy to the bereaved family members of the victims who died
in a bomb blast.
With the growth of telecommunications, no part of the world has remained bereft of the
communication facilities.
The delay in the implementation of necessary reforms bespeaks lack of concern on the part of
the government.
Freedom fighters were meted out the bestial treatment in the jail.
The government thought over the idea of taking away the awards bestowed upon the corrupt
players.
Almost every political party is the victim of internal bickering among its leaders.
Many reputed private companies are bidding for the new contracts of bridge construction.
Bigotry big-e-tre - religious blindness, unreasonable high thinking of one's religion, views,
ideas etc.
A bizarre situation was created when not even a single vote was cast in the terrorism affected
area.
Earlier, the election campaigns used to blare the politician's speech but it has stopped now a
days.
The newspapers alleged that fresh appointments are blatant violation of the court orders.
The businessmen were worried that their future would be bleak as the earthquake destroyed all
their business establishments.
The outgoing government was congratulated for completing its term without
blemish.
The companies are resorting to a heavy media blitz in order to capture the market.
The opposition was quite blunt in describing the misdeeds of the government.
The beautiful dance show was marred by some boisterous persons in the hall.
The continuous bombardment by the enemies completely destroyed the border villages.
Bombastic bombaastic - superfluous, important sounding (hi-fi) but with little meaning
The bonhomie between India and America is a big jump in bilateral relations.
Due to the faulty planning, the opposition's plan to embarrass the government boomeranged.
The world trade agreements have boosted the International export business.
The police tried to catch the thief but he escaped with the booty under the cover of darkness.
The increasing crime rate is continuously bothering the law enforcement agencies.
Because of the bottleneck of high taxes, the small industry is not able to grow.
The opposition accused the government of bowing to the pressure of market forces.
Resentment was brewing among the party workers over expulsion of some senior members.
During training, the rescue workers braced themselves for the troublesome rescue missions in
the future.
Leakage of the President's speech by the press before the scheduled time was termed as a
breach of trust by the government.
There is lot of communication gap between teachers and students; we will have to bridge this
gap.
Brigand brigund - thief with arms, usually a band of thieves living in jungles and mountains
Special task force raided the hideout and killed the notorious brigand.
The defence analysts pointed out that the earth is on the brink of nuclear disaster.
The newspapers published a story on the misdeeds of power brokers who took money from the
companies and got their work done by the minister.
The United Nations brokered a peace plan in the countries affected by civil war.
Animal lovers protested against the brutal treatment given to animals in the laboratories.
The government refused to buckle under the opposition's demand of reducing the oil prices.
The heavy deployment of security forces along the border is a bulwark against the cross border
terrorism.
With numerous problems before it, the new government will be walking on the bumpy road.
Bungle bungul - which is done badly and causes problem, not done skillfully
The lack of coordination between the security agencies bungled the rescue plan of the
hostages.
Buoyant bo-yunt -ability to recover quickly from disappointment, return to high level after
temporary slump
There is a buoyant market for small cars in India after the announcement of new automobile
policy by the government.
There is a burgeoning demand for the computers in the market after reduction in the import duty
on computer hardware.
The sick company went bust because of faulty policies of the management.
The accused presented some more evidence to buttress his claim of innocence.
C
Cadre caaa-daa - a small group of people chosen for a particular purpose
The ruling party tried to maintain the harmony among its cadres.
Camaraderie in the army has to be maintained at every cost in order to protect the borders of
the country.
The soldiers camouflaged themselves with green leaves in order to befool the enemies.
The stock markets are highly sensitive to the canards about the companies and government's
policies.
The officer candidly admitted his mistake before the inquiry commission.
The opposition parties capitalized on the infighting in the ruling party and brought down the
government.
The situation in the country is looking capricious, as a result foreign investment may fall this
year.
Two foreigners were held captive by the terrorists who demanded the release of their fellow
militants.
Mankind must decide not to repeat the carnage which took place in the two world wars.
Rise in the prices of essential commodities casts shadow on the poor man's life.
The famine was a major catastrophe which caused heavy loss of life.
The senior bureaucrat immediately issued a categorical denial of his involvement in the scam.
The operation against the militants was ceased following the announcement of ceasefire by the
government.
Ceiling ceeling - highest limit
The government raised the ceiling on the quota of newsprint import by the newspapers.
The Prime Minister's visit has cemented our relations with the foreign countries.
Censure senshia - to criticize somebody severely and publicly for his wrongdoing
The court censured the administration for its failure to provide basic amenities to the public.
The cessation of all subsidies by the finance minister reduced the budget deficit considerably.
The administration chalked out a detailed plan to tackle the drought problem in the state.
Because of the improper planning of the event, there was chaos all around.
The party charted out a strategy to win the support of the people who had been alienated in the
past.
2. person who believes that the gender (male) to which he belongs is better than the other
(female)
The latest attempt of the male members to block the women reservation bill in the parliament
was termed by the women as "perfect example of male chauvinism".
The dismissal of the party's general secretary was seen as the move to checkmate the rebels'
activities.
Indian industry has gone through a chequered past before settling to a comfortable position.
The supreme court chided the state governments for not implementing the welfare schemes for
the poor in their respective states.
The new employment scheme was christened as "Sab ke liye Rojgar" or "employment for
everybody".
Some victims of the Bhopal gas tragedy died after chronic illness.
The chronic problems of sewer and waterlogging during the monsoon are giving sleepless
nights to the authorities.
Various institutes churn out thousands of Information Technology professionals every year still
the country is facing the manpower shortage.
Cite cyte - to mention something as a support for what you are saying
The editor cited the heavy cost of newspaper production as the reason for high rates of
advertising.
The rebels held a clandestine meeting to chalk out their offensive strategy against the army.
Twelve people were hurt in the clash between police and the mob.
Public sector companies have clinched many lucrative deals from the foreign countries in the
today's era of liberalisation.
With the nuclear explosions and the Information Technology revolution, India's clout in the
internationl fora has increased considerably.
The dacoits clubbed two persons to death in the high security area.
The court clubbed the two cases and decided to hear them together.
The inexperienced diplomat handled the sensitive diplomatic affair too clumsily.
The police rescued the young girls from the clutches of middleman who sell the girls as
prostitutes.
The political analysts feel that the coalition government doesn't last long.
The police inspector was accused of coercing the man into giving confessional statement.
The cohesion of joint family system is fast coming to an end in favour of nuclear family.
Indian culture is proud to have remarkable cohesion of bonds among family members.
The militants discussed the government's proposal with their cohorts and surrendered before the
army.
The budget session of the parliament coincided with the visit of neighbouring country's President.
The economists warned that the economy of the country is on the verge of collapse.
The company suffered colossal losses due to the cancellation of orders from the clients.
Commemorate kmemrate - to remind an important person or special event from the past
The government has done a commendable job in spreading literacy programmes in tribal areas.
The army pointed out that the deployment of the forces would be commensurate with the
operational requirements.
The company mentioned in the advertisement that the salary of the candidate would be
commensurate with his talent.
The power company declared that the electricity projects would be commissioned after five years
from now.
The opposition raised commotion over the rising incidents of attacks on minorities.
The joint venture failed because the goals of both the companies were not compatible.
Competent kompitunt - having enough knowledge and skill to do something very well
The educationist stressed that the students should not be complacent in acquiring knowledge.
The inquiry commission came out with a comprehensive report on the causes of train accidents.
The delay in the construction of dams has escalated their earlier computed cost.
The raid on the premises of industrialists revealed that a huge income is concealed from the
income tax department in order to avoid payment of tax.
The government conceded to the demands of industrialists to reduce the excise duty on certain
products.
The reputed political analyst said that an efficient government conceives the idea and
implements it too.
The government decided to organize a conclave of Non Resident Indians to promote investment.
The army officer blamed the investigative agency to concoct stories to prove him a spy.
Concomitant kunkomitnt - happening at the same time with other thing as both are related to
each other
The liberalisation has taken place with the concomitant rise in the executive's income manifold.
My business partner didn't seek my concurrence and sold off the factory.
The police tried to trace the conduits through which the smugglers were operating in the area.
Noted presonalities in different fields were conferred upon the awards by the President.
The young worker became confidant of the minister in a very short period of time.
The person confided in the journalist by giving top secret proof of corruption in the income tax
department.
A student should not confine his knowledge upto the text books only.
The police confiscated a big consignment of smuggled goods from a private godown.
Seven persons were injured in the conflict over the ownership of the land.
2. serious disagreement/argument
Thousands of devotees took a dip in the holy water at the confluence of Ganga, Yamuna and
Saraswati River.
The psychologist predicted that non-conforming people are not respected by the society.
The minister had to confront many embarrassing questions in the TV talk show.
The new education policy aims to provide the congenial study atmosphere in the schools and
colleges.
The politician said that the idea of his party's defeat in the coming elections is based on
conjecture.
The jail authorities connived with the VIP prisoners and helped them in escaping from the bars.
The World Bank's suggestions on budget to the central government bears a different connotation
in light of its increasing interference in the country's internal affairs.
The stronghold of the ruling party was conquered by the opposition party in the last elections.
Conscience konshuns - inner sense that is conscious of the moral rightness or wrongness
The deputy commissioner told his boss that his conscience didn't allow him to do injustice with
the poor people.
The new bill on the right to information was presented before the parliament with the prior
consent of speaker.
The decision of allowing the entry of foreign media created much consternation in Indian media.
It is believed by the people that the dishonest persons constitute a political party.
The implementation of the law on every citizen should not be construed as the harassement tool
for the minorities.
Contagious kunte-zus - which spreads from person to person by touching each other
The doctors said that the survival of the soldier is contingent upon the recovery signals in next
twenty four hours.
The employee's job security is contingent upon the outcome of the departmental enquiry on the
charges of bribe against him.
Much controversy was created over the nude scenes in the new film.
All party meeting was convened by the government to evolve a consensus on the issue of
foreign policy.
Converge kunvaaz - to move from different directions and meet at central point
The United Nations has the conviction that the negotiations can solve any dispute on the earth.
The government enjoys the cordial relations with the neighbouring countries.
The core issue eluded discussion during the debate in the parliament.
The charges of corruption against the officer were corroborated in the raid at his house where
large ammount of cash and property documents were found.
The opposition alleged that the Prime Minister is often surrounded by the coterie who misguides
him.
The company had to cough up financial losses due to the slump in the export market.
The issue of appointment of two more election commissioners was seen as a counter to the chief
election commissioner.
The police seized a big haul of counterfeit currency notes from the foreign tourists.
Coup kuu - sudden illegal change of government
Crack down krak daun - severe action taken to restrict the activities of criminals and
antisocial elements
The police's crack down on the gangs of smugglers led to the fall in smuggling from across the
border.
Despite doubts in the public's mind, the new government proved that it had all credentials to run
the country successfully.
The big claims made by the government sounded incredible to the public.
The rise in the price of crude oil has crippled economies of many developing countries.
The opposition members termed the minor success of ruling party as nothing to crow about.
The investigative agency told the court that the investigation in hawala racket has reached a
crucial stage.
The business of Internet companies finally began to crumble in absence of any sound business
strategy.
The hopes of the rescuce workers began to crumble when the entire building started burning
furiously.
The country is facing foreign exchange crunch due to the heavy import bill of oil.
The freedom is the result of long crusade carried out by our freedom fighters.
Taking a cue from Prime Minister's speech, the opposition leader raised the issue of women
reservation in the parliament.
It is a culpable act on the part of Intelligence agencies that they could not predict the attack on
parliament.
The government should curb the non plan expenditure in order to reduce the budget deficit.
The panchtantra has said that curiousity is the most important quality of a student.
The audit committee recommended that the excessive expenditure by the government should be
curtailed.
With the spread of use of Internet, cyber crimes are increasing day by day.
D
Dampen dampun - to frustrate the enthusiasm
The protest organised by the opposition parties proved to be a damp squib as it failed to get
support of the public.
Daunting donting - to make nervous and less confident about doing something
To keep the information rate under check is a daunting task for the government.
With the dawn of Information Technology age the world is witnessing tremendous job
opportunities.
2. sunrise
Dealt to deal
The new government reiterated that the dearth of money would not be a problem in the country's
development.
Debacle dibaakul - a sudden complete failure
The debacle in elections forced the party to introspect and take remedial measures.
The mountaineer's group was debilitated by the steep height and hunger.
The finance companies promised attractive returns on the deposit and finally decamped with the
money.
Decipher di-syphaa - to succeed in finding the meaning of something that is difficult to read or
understand
The finance minister deciphered the complexity of the tax system and came out with simplified
procedures.
The historians have not been able to decipher the wall writing on the houses of indus valley
civilization.
It is feared by the economists that the cheaper imports will decimate the domestic industry.
The peace efforts by the United Nations were decried by some of the militants group.
The car makers have deferred their plans of introducing new models.
Deficit defisit - when less money is coming and more is going, loss
The recent budget projected a heavy deficit, as a result extra taxes were imposed to fill the gap.
Defray difray - to give somebody back (the money) they have spent on something
The state governments asked the central government to defray the entire cost of education
imparted to aged people.
The police are trying to defuse the tension between the rival groups.
The anti bomb squad of the army defused the bomb lying near the building.
Defying the court's order is considered as a contempt of court and a punishable act.
The education minister expressed concern over the degrading education system in the country.
Deja vu deja voo - the experience of thinking that a new situation had occurred before
The financial markets had a sense of deja vu during the last stock market crash.
Delegate dlegate - to give one's power/right/authority to somebody else for a small period
The President is going abroad that's why he has delegated his authority to the Vice President.
The attacks on minorities were seen as a deliberate attempt by the antisocial elements to harm
the country's reputation in the eyes of international community.
2. discuss thoughtfully
Let us deliberate upon the positive and negative points of this project.
The foreign minister was deluged with the questions from the journalists.
The government's failure on the international front has made a dent in its image.
The natural resources are depleting fast due to the increasing population.
Deport dipot - to send back the illegal immigrant to his own country
America deported the illegal immigrants to their own countries.
Depose dipoz - 1. to appear before a court for some evidence, questioning etc, declare under
oath
The court ordered some renowned mediapersons to depose in Bofors scandal case.
The democratically elected President of the country was deposed by the army officers.
The rupee depreciation puts heavy burden on the government because it has to pay the higher
cost of imports.
The army chief was deputed to talk to the Kashmiri militant groups and persuade them to
surrender.
Don't deride the performance which someone has shown after tremendous hard work.
The antisocial elements desecrated the holy shrine with meat and wine.
The low profile worker of the political party was designated as its new President.
The area having communal tension was designated as "highly sensitive" by the military.
The government asked the opposition to desist from disinformation campaign against its
ministers.
The widows of the dead soldiers were left desolated by the war.
The falling share prices of Information Technology companies was seen as despair in the stock
market.
2. full of danger
It was a desperate attempt to save the victims of earthquake from the rubble.
The humiliating defeat in the elections left the party workers despondent.
Destitute destichyut - without food, money and shelter, lacking basic facilities of life
Devious divi-us - path which is not straight and has many changes in direction
The devious bureaucratic policies have put hurdles in the progress of the country.
Deviate diivi-ut - to get off the path, to do something different from usual or expected
The forward-looking government should not deviate from the path of liberalization.
The panchayati raj is a sincere attempt in the direction of devolution of power to the local bodies.
The militant groups should stop violence and come forward for a dialogue with the government.
The Diaspora feels that there are not enough job opportunities in their native countries.
Imposition of heavy taxes by the government evoked a bitter diatribe from the industry
representatives.
The government has issued the dictum that tax evasion will be strictly taken note of.
Keeping in mind the forthcoming elections, the government feels diffident in putting more taxes
on the common man.
Dilemma di-lema - state of not being able to arrive at any decision because of having two
difficult choices
The leader's influence was further diluted when he lost the election.
Diminish diminish - to become weak/less
The hostile neighbouring country couldn't gather much support form the international community
thus it was reduced to a diminutive figure.
The leader won the election by dint of his good image and development work done in his
constituency.
The country will have to face the dire consequences of neglecting education.
The Supreme Court issued fresh directive on the contempt of court by the
government.
The ruling party lost the election despite the opposition being in total disarray.
The department of the border tax collection was disbanded and the employees were adjusted in
other departments.
The banks are disbursing the housing loans at small rate of interest.
Discern di-sun - to know, understand that thing which is not very clear
The police didn't disclose the name of the culprit seeing threat to his life.
Discriminate diskrminut - to unfairly treat a person, better or worse than other person
The South African government used to discriminate between blacks and whites.
The people from upper cast were accused of showing disdain for the lower section of the society.
The president urged the party workers to disengage themselves from infighting.
Disgruntle disgruntul - annoyed and disappointed because of not getting anything which one
should have got
Many of the politician's supporters were disgruntled as their expectations were not fulfilled.
The criminal escaped from the police custody by disguising as security guard.
The people were disillusioned with the new government very soon.
The percentage of economic growth announced by the finance minister was termed as
disinformation by the opposition party.
The government is continuing with the policy of free grains to the poor despite its dismal success
rate.
The government intends to dismantle the public sector units in phased manner.
The disparity between rich and poor should be minimised to maintain the social harmony.
The government convened the meeting of its ministers to dispel the doubts about unity in the
party.
Following the customer's complaints, the telephone exchange opened the counter to dispense
telephone bills on the spot.
The dam construction has displaced many people form their ancestral land.
The court left it on the disposal of the administration to chalk out a relief plan for cyclone hit
people.
The police called the bomb disposal squad to defuse the time bomb.
The backlog of lacs of cases pending in the courts, needs to be disposed off as soon as
possible.
Disproportionate disprporshenut - too large or too small when compared with something else
The government officials are often accused of accumulating wealth disproportionate to their
known source of income.
The normal life remained disrupted due to the daylong strike by the city's
transporters.
The party workers expressed their strong dissent over the issue of unfair distribution of tickets in
the elections.
The finance department dissipated all the reserves of foreign exchange in the bad business
deals.
The chief of investigative agency complained that the influential people are trying to dissuade
him from conducting fair investigation.
The rupee depreciation and heavy loan burden are not distinct issues but related to each
other.
The media are sometimes accused of presenting the facts in a distorted manner.
The distraught farmers committed suicide as they were not able to repay their debts.
The long traffic jam caused great distress among the passengers.
A few members of parliament are dithering in extending their support to the newly elected
government.
The media companies are diversifying their business thus providing services in other fields also.
The Cable TV culture and high income have diversified our social horizon.
The police didn't divulge the identity of the suspect keeping in view, the threat to his life.
The opposition members alleged the railway minister of producing doctored statistics of the train
accidents before the parliament.
Dogmatic dogmatik - uncompromising, who thinks that his ideas and beliefs are true and
people should accept them without question
Due to the financial crunch, the new development projects seem to be in doldrums.
The newspapers argued heavily against the draconian foreign exchange act.
Don't drag your feet once you have decided to fight with the enemy.
The health programme of the government aims to eradicate all dreaded diseases.
Because of the careless attitude towards country's security, the government's image has
received a severe drubbing.
The reports of split in the party were dubbed as media speculation by the party president.
Fake finance companies duped the investors to the ammount of several crore rupees.
The person told the judge that he was made to sign the property documents under duress.
The tiger population in the country has dwindled in the past few years.
The country needs dynamic leaders who can do well for the nation.
E
Eager eega - very excited and interested
The employees waited eagerly for some tax concessions in the annual budget.
The poor countries requested the donor countries earnestly for funds.
Echelon eshelon - rank, position in an organization
The vigilance department found that there is widespread corruption at the higher echelons of
the government.
The speech of the environment minister echoed the government's concern to reduce
pollution.
The winning party was invited to form the government, as a result there was widespread ecstasy
in the party workers.
The judge of Supreme Court commented that the efficacy of the law should not be doubted.
For decades, social reformers have fought for the egalitarian society.
Business community was elated over several tax benefits in the new budget.
The police department's records say that some notorious criminals elude the police for years.
Fifty years of efforts to emancipate the superstitious section of the society have not been fully
successful.
The poor countries are left emasculated by the heavy debt burden.
The Indian exports were hit hard due to the embargo put by the developed nations.
For the past one or two decades, the least developed countries have also embarked on the path
of development.
The accountant was convicted on the charges of embezzlement of the government's money.
A long battle for the disputed area has left both the countries embittered.
By winning over the rebel ministers, the Prime Minister has emerged stronger.
2. to become known
The clear picture of the murder didn't emerge as there was absence of any concrete
evidence.
Many eminent journalists were present at the conference on the topic of "Media Ethics".
Empathy em-pthi - ability to see other person's feelings/thoughts by putting yourself in his
situation
The curriculum in the schools should lay emphasis on moral values in the students.
Emulate em-u-late - to try to do the same as other person whom you admire
Computer engineers seem to emulate Bill Gates in achieving big heights in their career.
The cyber laws have been enacted by the parliament and implemented too.
The Guru Jambheshwar university encompasses great talent in the form of students.
The women delegation of social workers had a brief encounter with the President.
The opposition parties endorsed the employee's demand for higher salaries.
The Supreme Court reprimanded the police for its failure to enforce the law.
The building was engulfed in flames which took seven hours to extinguish.
The monster of excessive debt is engulfing many poor countries as they have to pay a big
amount as interest.
The availability of skilled computer engineers has enhanced our country's image abroad.
The source of the cricketer's wealth was an enigma for the investigative agencies.
The professional ethics enjoin the media not to report anything which can cause religious
hatred.
Enlighten enlytun - to give somebody information so that they understand something better,
to give knowledge
The rebel leader enlisted the support of some more dissatisfied leaders.
The environmentalists have warned quite often that the earth can't feed the enormous
population.
The economists feared that the economic reforms would lose their track in the ensuing years.
The job of eradication of poverty entails a great hardwork and determination by the
government.
The offer of the salary in five figures is quite enticing for a young MBA graduate.
India got freedom in 1947 and after that it became a separate entity.
Entrust intrust - to make somebody responsible for taking care of something or doing
something
The government the took services of several enumerators in the last census.
The communication ministry enunciated the Information Technology policy in November 98.
After signing the WTO, The government envisaged 500% growth in the exports.
The jubilations over the newly constructed bridge proved to be ephemeral as it collapsed within a
month.
The joining of the hands by two superpowers definitely changes the equation in the international
arena.
The violence and religious hatred upset the equilibrium in the society.
Era eera - a period of time in history which is different from other periods because of some
important events
The newspaper's responsibility has increased even in the modern era of Information Technology.
The moral values are eroding very fast in this highly materialistic world.
The audit team objected to erroneous entries of the cash in the company's accounts.
The communal violence erupted in the state after the demolition of disputed
structure.
The violence escalated in the town after the clashes between Hindu and Muslims.
Estrange is-trenz - (of wife) not living with the husband anymore
The estranged wife of the diplomate filed a criminal case against her husband.
The eternal clashes between minority groups are giving sleepless nights to the government.
Evacuate e-ve-q-et - to take persons/things away from one place to another, vacate
The agreement to stop violence was evanescent as militants again started killing innocent
people.
There is little chance of war but the government is well prepared for any eventuality.
It was evident from the results that opposition party is going to get absolute majority.
The newspapers have evinced keen interest in the adoption of new communication and printing
technologies.
The outgoing government exaggerated its achievement in the last five years.
The remnants of Indus Valley civilization were excavated in different parts of India.
The opposition blamed the government for cheating the public exchequer.
Task of rescuing the people from the flood needs to be executed immediately.
India has done exemplary work in social development in the past ten years.
The election commission exempted the disabled from the election duty.
Exercise xe-sa-iz - to use your power and rights in order to achieve something
The government was urged to exercise control over the overpricing by drug manufacturing
companies.
The newspapers give an exhaustive description of the country's political and economic situation.
The Industry is exhibiting signs of improvement after the new industrial policy of the
government.
Exorbitant igjobitunt - of (prices, costs), unreasonably high, more than what is expected
The investigation revealed that rebels receive huge funding from expatriates based in foreign
countries.
There are explicit orders from the government to maintain law and order in the district at any
cost.
The Prime Minister praised the scientists for the exponential growth in their research on missile
technology.
Many rare species of plants and animals are fast becoming extinct.
The United Nation's chief was extolled for his serious peace efforts.
The underworld is often accused of extorting money from the businessmen and film stars.
The police couldn't extract anything substantial from the hardcore criminal.
The extraneous arguments disrupted the discussion on national security in the parliament.
The body of the driver was extricated from the vehicle after much efforts.
The suspect of the murder told a lie to the police and extricated himself from the criminal case.
The public alleged that the police's effort to arrest the corrupt minister is only an eyewash.
F
Fabricate feb-i-ket - to invent false information to deceive people
The opposition party alleged a large-scale fabrication of criminal cases against its workers.
The computer professionals feel that the cyber laws will facilitate the identification and arrest of
cyber criminals.
Different factions emerged in the political party over the issue of expulsion of corrupt minister.
Fighting is continuing between different factions in Afghanistan for the last thirty years.
Fait accompli fet-akump-li - something already done which you cannot change
The separation of India and Pakistan is a fait accompli and harmony should prevail between
them.
The Prime Minister said that it is a fallacy that subsidy on the fertilizers would be increased.
Fanatic f-natic - who shows unreasonable support/keenness for a religion/political party etc
The report said that the temple was demolished by the religious fanatics.
2. to understand
It is hard to fathom the agony of the mother whose child has died an unnatural death.
Faux pas fo-pa - a remark or action which causes embarrassment because it is not socially
correct
By expressing disgust over rituals, the visiting foreign delegate committed a faux pas.
The children whose parents died in the earthquake, were left by the relatives to fend for
themselves.
The transport department decided to provide more buses to ferry the employees to the
offices.
The sale of the government owned companies is not likely to fetch good price in the market.
Feudal few-dul - giving land to the people and demand work/fight in return
The feudal mentality is the root of every social problem in some of the most backward states of
our country.
The director of the controversial film clarified that all the characters used in the film were
fictitious.
The consumer forum expressed its anger over the filthy songs in the films.
Such a heavy toll of life in the flood left the rescue workers flabbergasted.
The newspapers criticized the government for flaunting the minor achievements.
The eminent journalist shared his experiences with the fledgling reporters in the seminar.
The license issuing authority was accused by the export firm of cancelling its license on flimsy
grounds.
The press reporters flocked the press conference of the new Prime Minister.
The speaker floundered the speech thus resulting in hooting from the audience.
The country's economy is in the state of flux . A little stability is required for growth.
The militancy should be flushed out from the society for peaceful atmosphere.
Attempt to take over the company was foiled by the board of directors.
Many people fell prey to the folly of administration which made no wise action plan against the
floods.
Foray fo-re - a short attempt to be active in a field which is not related to one's usual activity
The software engineer made a foray into the philosophical side of the internet.
The freedom of speech and expression is a fundamental right which cannot be forfeited.
2. to make/form
The alliances are forged by the political parties to win more seats in the elections.
The education ministry decided to spend more money on the primary education because this is
the formative stage of the children.
In light of the militant's threat, the police fortified the VIP area.
The kidnapped businessman had a fortuitous escape from the kidnapper's custody.
The teacher must try his best to foster the humanity in his students.
The police must take strong action against the fraudulent practices.
The leaders alleged that the rival political parties are trying to fragment their party.
The court found enough evidences to frame the charges against the corrupt official.
India has said time and again that the solution of the Kashmir problem has to be under the
framework of shimla agreement.
The police heard the frantic cries of hostages from a deserted building.
Fraternity fre-tur-niti - association of people in the same work/ business trade etc.
The doctor fraternity protested on receiving the threat to one of their colleagues.
The killing of the minister plunged the country into frenzy of violence.
The frequency of intrusion attempts on the border has increased in the past few
months.
The judge got angered on listening to the frivolous arguments of the advocate.
With the successful launch of the space satellite, the scientists' plans came to fruition.
The dogs became furious when they saw the stranger entering the house.
The intelligence network furnished important details regarding the militant's activities to the
committee on national security.
The ruling party members made futile attempts to save the government which fell ultimately.
G
Gag geg - to put cloth in the mouth to stop somebody from speaking
The country won the two wars because of its gallant soldiers.
The Non Resident Indians send money galore to their country which helps increase the foreign
exchange reserves.
The police found the evidences galore to pursue the case against the mafia don.
Gambit gem-bit - a thing done at the beginning of the situation to take some advantage
The ruling party's promise to cut the taxes was criticized by the opposition as a pre election
gambit.
The advances in Information Technology will provide gamut of computer services to the
public.
Garble gaa-bul - to tell in a confused way thus giving false idea of the subject
The company's executive garbled his presentation and spoiled the opportunity of getting the
contract.
The newly launched political party was trying its best to garner the support of dissatisfied
voters.
The newspapers helped the government to gauge the effects of violence against the minorities.
The Municipal Corporations are gearing up for the danger of flood in the monsoon.
Social workers have to be generous by nature in order to help the needy people in a better way.
The business community proved to be a generous donator to the relief fund for the cyclone
victims.
American government asserted that Pakistan should show some friendly gestures towards India.
Ghastly gaas-tli - terrible, causing great fear
Ghastly crimes have rocked the capital these days thus giving sleepless nights to the police.
The growing economies of the Asian countries have earned the name of Asian
giants.
The speaker of the state assembly commented that the quality of debate is reduced because of
the gibberish speeches by the members.
The problems before the mankind are becoming gigantic day by day.
Gimmick gee-mik - dishonest tricks to catch people's attention The political parties are
often accused of employing gimmicks to get the votes.
The newspaper published the gist of the Prime Minister's speech on the occasion of
Independence day.
Because of the shortage of time, the minister had a glance at the report.
The election commission wanted an explanation for the glaring mistakes in the voter's list.
It was a gloomy day for the investors as the stock markets worldwide fell sharply.
With the grace of God, the mountaineers completed their Everest mission successfully.
2. splendor
The vigilance department held the clerk for taking the graft.
The district administration's grandiose claims on compensation to the victims were pleasant to
ears but the fact was something else.
Grapple gre-pul - to take a firm hold and struggle with it, to try hard to find solution to a
problem
The nation builders must grapple with the difficult situations on national as well as international
front.
The visiting foreign dignitaries expressed their gratitude for the courtesy extended to them by the
host country.
The new journalist joined print media first but eventually gravitated towards electronic media.
The present government has a firm grip over the economic affairs.
Grope grop - to try to find something by hands in a place where one can't see
The High Court took note of gross injustice done to the employees by the government.
Some newspapers are believed of having grudge against some political parties.
Everybody in the office was terrified after the gruesome murder of their colleague.
Grumble grum-bul - to complain, to express dissatisfaction in a quiet but ill mannered way
The teachers grumbled about the non payments of the revised pay scales before the principal.
The criminal escaped from the police's eye under the guise of coolie.
Very few people have the guts to face difficulties in life and still keep smiling.
H
Hail he-ul - 1. to appreciate and describe as (something good)
2. to belong to
Most of the Prime Ministers hail from the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
The law took strict action against the people who harboured the terrorists.
Hardcore haad-ko - highly active and committed for some mission (often used in negative
sense)
The advocate harped on the issue of securing bail for the accused in the court.
Harsh haash - showing cruelty, lack of sympathy The dreaded criminals should
be given harsh punishment in order to reduce the crime rate.
There is no hassle in getting the foreign currency for going abroad these days.
It was not immediately known who hatched the conspiracy to loot the bank.
Haughty ho-ti - arrogant, egotist
The talkative person bragged his success in a haughty manner before the people.
Memories of communal riots still haunt the city even after 10 years.
The killer virus wrecked havoc in all the computer networks around the world damaging
invaluable data.
The solution of most of the problems in the country looks hazy a political will can definitely solve
them.
The government has to pay hefty interest on the loans which takes away a big chunk of the total
revenue collection.
Heir he-yaa - successor, who carries on the work started by their elder ones
Even after such a long time since its president expired, the political party is yet to choose its
heir.
The persons sitting at the helm of the affairs should be sensitive to the needs of a common man.
The man was hanged at the religious gathering on the charges of heresy.
The religious court ordered that the culprit be hanged till death on the charges of heresy.
The government resumed the peace talks with the naxalites after a short hiatus.
Hibernate hy-be-net - to undergo long sleep in winter, to remain inactive for a long
time
The report published by the newspaper forced the hibernating district administration to enquire
into the misuse of the public money by municipal corporation.
Hinder hyn-daa - to make a situation difficult to happen, put hurdles in the way
The shortage of funds often hinders the implementation of development projects in the rural
areas.
The recent movie describes certain sensitive points on sexuality hitherto untouched.
With the invention of nuclear bombs, the earth is sitting on the verge of nuclear holocaust.
The hostile nature of the neighbouring country is often a deterrent in the good relations.
The rape charges against the politician gave a different hue to the election campaign.
The poverty eradication programme launched by the government was a huge succes.
Hype to try to get public attention more than what it deserves The multinational companies
are resorting to media hype to promote their products.
Hypothetical hype-theti-kul - ideas based on imagination rather than truth and reality
The both sides occupying the disputed area seems to be a hypothetical question.
I
In Toto in-toto - in total, in entirety
The recommendations of the fifth pay commission were accepted in toto by the central
government.
Thousands of employees of public sector companies have to sit idle because of lack of orders
from the customers.
The enemy suffered a ignominious defeat in the Kargil war few years back.
The wallpapers of natural scenes gave an illusion of green hills inside the room.
No single party got the absolute majority in the elections hence the country is going to face
imbroglio.
The minister asserted that all the policies of the government were imbued with the welfare spirit
of the common man.
Money is immaterial while donating for the victims of earthquake, it is the sense of devotion
which matters.
Even the Prime Minister has not been given the immunity from wrongdoing.
The regular meetings between the warring factions can impart momentum to the peace talks.
The modern teaching methods have changed the way the teaching is imparted by traditional
methods.
The low literacy level is proving to be an impediment in the large circulation of the
newspapers.
The extremely poor condition of foreign exchange reserves impelled the government to invite
multinational companies.
Impending im-pen-ding - imminent, about to happen soon
The appreciation by teacher has given impetus to the next project of the students.
The commercialization of education can have serious implications for the poor section of the
society.
The idea of raising the living standard of the poor was accepted implicitly in the parliament.
The World Bank's dissatisfaction implied the suspension of next installment of loan for the
educational project in the country.
The newspapers criticized the government for imposing rules which could restrict the freedom of
press.
The state government accused the central government of behaving in an imposing manner.
Impound im-pao-und - to confiscate, to take away a thing so that one cannot use
The army demanded the improvised weapons to fight the militancy in the country.
The doctor found it difficult to treat the patients who have an irresistible impulse to drink.
The constitution doesn't give the privilege of impunity even to the Prime Minister.
The spokesman of the government owned company said that the company is making profit
since its inception.
With the successful completion of all the steps, the team of space scientists is inching towards
success.
The cyber laws have incorporated various crimes related to computer networks.
Incubation in-q-be-shun - the time between getting infected with the disease and the
appearance of symptoms
The economists predicted that ill effects of liberalization have a long incubation period.
The Prime Minister stressed for inculcating the discipline in the party workers.
Very often, the voters fell prey to their anti incumbency mood while voting for a new government.
It was incumbent upon the crew of the airline to take care of the passengers.
The government is incurring heavy cost due to the delay in the completion of developmental
projects.
The police have indicted seven influential persons in the urea scam.
The union expressed strong indignation over the unreasonable dismissal of the employee.
The innocent persons were killed in the indiscriminate firing by the militants.
The social activists criticized the government for its indolent attitude towards various welfare
schemes.
The booming stock market has induced the investors to invest more and earn more.
The court ordered the government to strictly deal with the inept employees.
After making some progress, the economy came to the state of inertia again.
The rise in the prices of the essential commodities is inevitable in the era of liberalization.
The army feared that a large-scale infiltration of militants could take place on the border.
The prices of essential commodities in the country have inflated manifold due to the worst ever
drought throughout the country.
The civil wars have inflicted trouble on many countries thus retarding economic and social
development.
Infringe in-frinz - to illegally take over the right of another person or nation
The order to keep quiet is an infringement of my fundamental right to speech.
The speech of the minister infused confidence among the party workers.
The finance minister inherited the toughest job of streamlining the financial reforms.
The acceptance of the terrorists' demands can prove inimical to the country.
Injunction in-junk-shun - order from the court/government that something must or must not
be done
The court passed the injunction against media for not publishing anything against the accused
under trial.
The finance ministry didn't have a slight inkling that the privatization of the industrial units will
result in indefinite strike by the workers.
The progress of dam construction is suffering from inordinate delay due to the
agitation.
The constitution says that an insane person cannot become the President.
Insidious in-si-di-us - spreading secretly and gradually while causing serious harm
The opposition parties insisted that the bill on financial reforms should be brought immediately by
the government.
The constitution doesn't permit an insolvent person to fight the election of President.
The enquiry commission noticed several instances of injustice and excesses against the tribal
people.
The liberalization is the new mantra for insular economies of the world.
Insulate in-syu-laa - to protect somebody from unpleasant experiences, dangers etc
The opposition blamed the government for tackling the insurgency ineffectively .
The president ruled out the split in the party and said that the party is still intact.
Integrate inti-grut - to combine two or more things so that they can work together
The government urged the integration of efforts by the public to ensure development.
Social harmony is very important for unity and integrity of the country.
The editor clarified that the published story didn't intend to put the country's security in danger.
The striking workers decided to intensify their agitation as the management refused to accept
their demands.
The two countries signed a trade agreement with intent to promote and protect mutual
investments.
The reporter decided to interact with the people at the accident's site to get factual information.
The profits in the shares depends upon inter alia, the favourable policies of the government
which directly influence the stock market.
The new law allowed the police to intercept the telephonic communication.
This is an interim relief, you will get full benefit later on.
The Journey for the betterment hasn't stopped, the country is only in the intermediate
stage.
2. close, friendly
India has always shared intimate relationship with its neighbouring countries.
The terrorists intimidated the local people who helped them out of fear.
The officer was requested to approve the proposal but he remained intransigent.
Today's freedom is the result of endless efforts of the intrepid freedom fighters.
The serial bomb blasts in the city were the result of terrorist's intrigue.
The intelligence agency guessed that large number of terrorists have intruded into Indian
territory.
The cultural department said that satellite channels from west are invading our culture.
The minister stayed invincible for long despite serious allegations of financial bungling against
him.
The government has invoked the ESMA (Essential Services Maintenance Act) against striking
workers.
The protestors directed their ire towards public property while damaging it badly.
The judiciary was irked by the publication of controversial news item relating to the corruption
among judges.
J
Jeopardy j-pa-di - trouble, danger
With the fall of the government, the new development projects were put into jeopardy.
The young man hit jackpot of one crore in the television money game show.
Jingoism jingo-i-zum - a belief that one's own country is better than other (used threateningly)
The army officers are of the view that the neighbouring country believes in the ideology of
jingoism.
Jinx zink-s - the cause of bad luck
The mediapersons argue that growth in the electronic media won't be a jinx on print media.
The murder of the minister jolted the government who claims to provide security to the common
man.
The government was accused of making a jugglery of figures while presenting the budget.
The battle for supremacy reached a crucial juncture in the corridors of power.
Junta chun-ta - government (military) which has come to power by force rather than through
elections
Jurisdiction juris-dik-shun - the area in which the right of the official body can be used
The developments in the parliament don't fall under the court's jurisdiction.
The old pieces of art were juxtaposed with the modern ones.
K
Kickback kik-back - portion of an income given, often secretly, to someone who made the
income possible
The investigative agency started the investigations into the alleged kickback of 64 crore rupees
paid to the middleman.
The government should have a knack of foreseeing the future challenges before the country.
The kudos goes to the soldiers who are defending the borders.
L
Labyrinth lab-rinth - complicated network, path
The labyrinth of legal procedures sometimes proves a hurdle in the justice delivery of justice.
The teacher's union criticized the lackadaisical approach of the government towards the
important matters like education.
The speaker said that the communist countries were laggard in granting freedom to the press.
The opposition lambasted the government's move to increase the price of petrol.
The parents lamented the bad effects of cable television on their children.
Many prisoners of war continue to languish in the enemy's jail for years.
The murder inside the university campus is a serious lapse on the part of security personnel.
pass slowly
Long time lapsed between the making of the law and its actual implementation.
The central government dispensed the largesse to the state governments to help them tide over
the financial problems.
The newspapers must laud the positive developments in the society by giving more coverage to
development stories.
Our computer professionals have brought laurels for the country at International
level.
The successive governments should carry forward the legacy of social welfare.
The legendary figures of Indian literature have contributed a lot to the development of
journalism.
The job of the parliament is to legislate and it is upto the enforcement agencies to implement the
same in a proper way.
The right to speech and freedom is regarded as a legitimate fundamental right of a citizen.
The parents said before the judge that the boy was their legitimate son.
The industry criticized the government for its lethargy in implementing tax reforms.
The members of parliament levelled serious allegations of corruption against the finance
minister.
The finance minister levied more taxes on the public as a result the outgoing government lost the
election.
The supreme court has strictly dealt with the case of lewd remarks against the women.
The industries which used to be the backbone of the country are now proving to be a liability on
the government.
The harassed employee lodged a legal case against his senior officer in the court.
The role of the public relations departments is to establish liaison between organisation and its
public.
The poverty and malnutrition have lingered on for decades although every effort is being made to
eradicate them.
The sick companies should be liquidated and the employees should be absorbed somewhere
else.
The harassed employee lodged a legal case against his senior officer in the court.
The government and the militants are at loggerheads over the ownership of disputed territory.
The rebel minister seemed to be a loner in the process of resigning from the government.
The army predicted that the danger of war is looming large over the country.
The speaker in the parliament presented lucid arguments in support of his observation.
Film industry luminaries gathered to choose the best film of the year.
The students were left in lurch when the board refused to recognise their degrees.
The anxiety of war is lurking in the government's mind following the large scale deployment of
forces by the enemy.
M
Machination meki-ne-shun - a secret and complicated plan (negatively used)
Despite the government's tall claims, the magnitude of crime has not decreased.
In his maiden press conference, the chief minister expressed serious concern over the state of
law and order.
Every religion tells that we should not bear the malice towards anybody.
The sociologists asserted that the cable TV is spreading social malaise in the
country.
The newspapers suggested that the media policy made by the mandarins of ministry needs to be
amended.
The government was advised by the opposition to take fresh mandate from the public.
The government made it mandatory that the persons from outside India should not be allowed to
hold the key posts.
The mania of becoming crorepati (millionaire)is spreading like anything after the telecast of
money game shows on TV.
After the creation of new states, the demands of many more states manifested.
The opposition argued that the unemployment problem has increased manifold after
liberalization.
The career in Information Technology is the new mantra for the students.
The bad reputation marred the politician's chances of winning the elections.
Marathon mera-thun - activity which lasts for a long time and requires great effort
The politicians addressed the marathon public meetings as the election date to come
nearer.
The history is witness that the dictators have marauded their own countries.
The militants masqueraded as policeman entered the airport and started firing.
Lacs of people were massacred in the communal violence in the African country Rwanda.
India is ready to mediate between the Sri lankan government and LTTE.
The social problems won't be solved by mere soft talks of the government.
Mete to give
Mete out meet - to give somebody punishment, to give bad treatment to somebody
The human rights commission took a strict note of inhuman treatment meted out to the labourer
by the police.
The country headed for another mid-term poll when the President dissolved the Lok Sabha.
The government suffered a severe setback in the midst of peace talks with the rebels.
The employees were miffed at the decision of finance minister to cut their travelling allowance.
Every opposition party seems eager to draw a political mileage out of the government's failure.
The success of peace effort was mingled with the blood of innocent people.
2. to meet and mix with people
The visiting President of foreign country mingled freely with all the guests who were present in
the party.
The government was reduced to minority when the supporting parties withdrew support.
Several big political parties have minuscule vote bank these days.
The journalists have to study a problem minutely in order to suggest some solution to the
newspaper's readers.
2. extremely small
Miracle mi-ra-kul - like magic, lucky thing which happens without expectation
The new government did a miracle by presenting a surplus budget for the first time in the
country's history.
Mirage mi-rash - an optical effect looking like a sheet of water in the desert, something
unachievable
Somebody played a mischief by giving wrong information to the police regarding the bomb
inside the airport.
The crime branch arrested the miscreants in connection with the murder case.
The instability on the domestic front has spread misgivings on the international front.
Seven persons were killed in the mishap when the bus and car collided head on.
The opposition party threatened to mobilize people against the issue of price hike.
The media opined that the present political system in the country is a mockery of democracy.
Before signing the agreement, the two companies worked out the modalities.
The government modelled the new economic policy on the pattern of western countries.
The cold war was between two superpowers moderated and finally ended.
The big economic reforms have been able to achieve modest growth only.
The administration modified its style of functioning in light of modern management skills.
The investigative agencies have to adopt different modus operandi for different cases.
Mole mo-o-l - a person who works in an organization and passes important information to
other organization
The issue of safety and security of minority community in the country has gain momentum.
It is alleged that the public sector companies don't provide monetary contribution to the
government, they just serve the cause of social responsibility.
The army is monitoring the situation along the line of control in Kashmir.
The Information Technology is changing the monotonous style of life very fast.
The army officers must try to boost up the morale of the soldiers.
The newspaper suggested that there should be a four-year moratorium on all religious disputes
for the healthy development of the nation.
The common man feels that the country's economy is fast becoming moribund.
The opposition mounted pressure on the government to reduce the price of foodgrains for the
poor.
The nation mourned the death of thousands of soldiers who died in Kargil war.
The political party is mulling over the names of the candidates to be fielded for the coming
elections.
The new media are a good answer to the mundane style of journalism.
The opposition demanded the probe into the murky financial dealings.
Seven soldiers were court marshalled and sentenced to death for the act of mutiny.
The two countries decided to increase their efforts for mutual benefit.
The young reporter unfolded the mystery of purchase of worthless defence equipments.
The disappearance of the elephant in the magic show was a mystifying experience.
It is a myth that holy water of Ganga can wash all the sins.
N
Nab neb - to catch a thief or a person doing illegal work
The dacoits fled from the seen but one of them was nabbed by the local residents.
The tribal people are quite naive as far as the issue of religion transformation is concerned.
The long journey in the general compartment of the train proves to be a nasty experience for
most of the passengers.
Despite the sincere efforts, the peace talks between rebels and state government came to
naught.
The government spelt out a nebulous description of its plans to revive the economy.
The infrastructure development which took years to build was negated by the floods in hours.
The media reported that there is a strong nexus between politicians and criminals and
bureaucrats.
The common man has niggling doubts whether the liberalization will really help him.
The company discussed the nitty-gritty of the proposal and applied to the government for
clearance.
The last government's nonchalant attitude is said to have created many problems for the present
government.
The problems in the society are numerous, nonetheless the newspapers will have to perform
their duty.
Nostalgia nos-taal-jia - feeling of sadness and pleasure while thinking of good past
The nostalgia of being free from all worries during childhood still visits me.
The educationists generally don't agree with the notion of commercialization of education.
Notwithstanding few failures, the outgoing government performed well as was expected from it.
The court ordered the government that the important decisions should not be left to the discretion
of novice.
There are numerous examples of persons who succeeded by their sheer hard work.
O
Obfuscate ob-fus-ket - to deliberately confuse or make difficult to understand
The parliamentary committee remarked that it was obligatory for the director of the intelligence
agency to resign on the ground that the intelligence network had failed completely.
The prisoners escaped but the jail authorities were oblivious of the situation.
Obsess ab-sess - to fill the mind of somebody so much that one can not think anything else
With the advent of new technology, the old technology is fast becoming obsolete.
The advancement in technology in the domestic market has obviated the need of importing the
costly equipment from abroad.
With the advent of new technology, different media of communication are in the offing.
Ominous omi-nus - indicating that something threatening and bad is going to happen
The crossing of border by the militants in large numbers is an ominous sign of more violence.
The huge population and the poverty are two onerous tasks before the government.
The sociologists remarked that the onset of satellite channels would adversely affect the
children.
The onus lies on the new government to bring the economy back on track.
The government was puzzled by the onslaught from the opposition parties.
The editor hoped that the newspapers would boldly face the onslaught of electronic media.
The decision of raising the telephone rental charges by the telecom department was termed as
opaque by the consumers.
The party's candidate in the elections looked embarrassed by the charges levelled by the
opponents.
The Prime Minister stressed that this is opportune moment for the industry to encash on
liberalized economy.
The advertising of the expensive products is directed towards the opulent section of the
population.
Ordeal o-deel - painful trying experience
The government decided to make the education system more value oriented.
The student mentioned illness as an ostensible reason for his absence from the class.
The democratically elected government of Nawaj Sharif was ousted by the army general in
Pakistan.
The arm twisting tactics of the allies finally led to the Prime Minister's outburst publicly.
2. act of bursting
The outburst of numerous editions of newspapers provide variety of information to the readers.
Outpace a-oo-t-pace - move faster and rise faster than somebody else
The growht of technology in our country has outpaced many other developing countries.
The court treats even a minor crime committed on women as an outrageous one.
Outwardly the government agreed to reduce the oil prices but it seems reluctant
inwardly .
Owing to the government's lackluster performance in economic reforms, the donating agencies
didn't provide enough money to the country.
P
Pace pes - speed
Because of several litigations in the court, the work at the dam project is progressing at snail's
pace.
Pandemonium broke out in the parliament when finance minister presented the budget having
provisions for many more new taxes.
This is a paradox that the mineral rich states in the country are the poorest ones.
Parasite pera-sy-t - who always makes use of others and gives nothing in return
The politician's are often termed as parasites who thrive on the public money.
Parity in the rights of the citizens should be kept in order to maintain social harmony.
After long parleys, the issue of Palestine separate state was resolved.
The education has to impart a broad outlook to a student instead of a parochial thinking.
The allies parted their ways from the government on the issue of ministerial berths.
A wrong news published by the newspaper ignited the communal passions in the state.
The modern movies are encashing upon the passion to gather money and publicity.
The experts asserted that the small-scale industry needs government's patronage for growth.
The research can pave the way to solve our future problems.
The old man had to pay a heavy price for his peccadillo of unknowingly giving shelter to the
militants.
A journalist never draws a pecuniary advantage but helps to raise the voice of poor.
The old man was peeved at the degradation of moral values in the society.
The government asked the officer to go on leave pending inquiry against him.
The newspaper was accused of printing an article which was per se defamatory for the film
actress.
The Information Technology is not harmful per se but its misuse can pose serious threat for the
society.
Giving back the conquered area back to enemy was perceived as the blunder on the part of
government.
The newspapers help its readers to perceive social and political changes minutely.
The benefits of the government schemes should percolate down to the poor section of the
society.
Perennial pa-ri-ni-ul - continuing for a long time, happening again and again
The people urged the Chief Minister to find a permanent solution of their perennial problems.
The country's safety is in peril with the rise in cross border terrorism.
The people's dissatisfaction with the government permeated to every section of the society, as a
result the ruling party suffered humiliating defeat in the elections.
The election commission adopted the permutation method to allot the election symbols to the
different candidates.
The cable TV's addiction can have a pernicious influence on the children's personality.
Lack of basic facilities like water and electricity has become a perpetual problem in the country.
The administration was completely perplexed by the severe damage caused by the earthquake.
The speaker delivered the lecture very well but the audience looked perplexed.
The dalits in the village fear a large scale persecution by the landlords.
The government persisted on its agenda of cutting the extra work force in the offices.
The persistence of the scientists has given new horizons to the development in our country.
The health workers were persuaded not to go on strike as it would severely affect the health
services.
The concessions announced in the budget don't pertain to the industry but consumers.
Our neighbouring country is often accused of having perverse desire to incite terrorism.
The scientific discoveries have been perverted to create dangerous weapon of human
destruction.
With the temporary fall in the oil prices, the problem has petered out temporarily.
The finance minister decided to lower the government's share in public sector units in a phased
manner.
The government remained phlegmatic over the serious allegations levelled by the opposition
leader.
The economic development has suffered a lot because of the piecemeal reforms.
The new political party had to ride piggyback on the well known party to make an impact on
electorate.
Pile py-l - number of things that have been placed on one another
Due to the strike of advocates, the cases got piled up in the court.
The consumer's union did pin down the government for its failure to curb inflation.
The insurgency problem turned piquant when the local people started supporting separatists.
The journalists' union criticized the big newspapers for paying pittance to the reporters as salary.
The non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have played a pivotal role in the development of
the country.
Plagiarize ple-ge-ry-z - to copy other person's idea/work without permission and present them
as your own
A writer never plagiarizes somebody's work, on the contrary he gets views from that.
Plebiscite ple-bi-sa-it - a direct vote by people of the country on a particular matter of national
importance
A further reduction in the sale price of crop added to the plight of the farmers.
The intelligence agencies uncovered the terrorists' plot to increase disturbance in the capital.
Ploy plo-ye - cunning actions carefully designed to win advantages over something
The heavy firing was a ploy of the enemy to divert attention of our security personnel.
The mercury plummeted as a result the entire region was gripped by the chilly weather.
The settlement of the people from many countries gives rise to pluralism in society.
The court banned the old buses from plying on the road.
Poignant having a strong effect on your feelings which make you sad
The article published by the newspaper poignantly highlighted the growing weakness of country's
economy.
With the signing of important trade agreements, the relations between two countries are poised
for a giant leap.
Polarisation pol-ry-ze-shun - to separate into two groups with completely opposite opinions
The voters in the state are completely polarised for and against the ruling party.
The administration pondered over the situation and came out with a strategy.
The government pooh-poohed the idea of giving free ration to the poor people.
Many countries are opening their portals for the Multinational companies.
The emission of poisonous smoke from the vehicles can pose serious threat to the
environment.
Posse posi - group of people (soldiers) brought to deal with crime/violence etc
Army captain was posthumously awarded the highest bravery award, the Paramveer Chakra.
Potential p-ten-shul - something that in future can develop into a big thing
Potential source of nuclear energy has to be exploited to tide over the energy crisis.
Problems in the society should be solved by adopting the pragmatic approach rather than ideal
one.
The foreign investors shy away because of the precarious political and economic situation of the
country.
Heavy advertising usually precedes the launch of a new product by the company.
The long rivalry between the two countries precipitated into war.
The low foreign exchange reserve is a predicament in repayment of the loans in time.
The adamant style of functioning of the Management preclude the harmonious relationship with
the workers.
Predominant pri-dominunt - 1. most obvious, noticeable
The new political party had a predominant minority base in its state.
Prejudice pre-ju-dis - disliking of a person based on false information rather than reason or
experience
The government's premise is that the violence should end first and then peace talks should be
started.
The investigative agencies acted on the wrong premise in finding out the culprits which led to the
failure of investigation.
The members of parliament commented that it is Prime Minister's prerogative to select the
minister in his cabinet.
The trained commandos were pressed into service for tight security at the International meeting
of head of states.
The court asked the prosecutor not to presume but prove his point.
The students are habitual of finding a pretext for their absence from the class.
The poverty is prevalent in the tribal areas which is the only reason of their problems.
The government prevaricated on the issue of lowering the income tax rates.
The tapped voice of a person is not a final evidence but it makes a prima facie case.
The government sanctioned the project on the primitive beliefs and magical rituals of the tribal
areas.
The industrialists urged the government to play a proactive role in solving the anomalies in the
International trade with other countries.
After complaints of irregularities in the arms purchase, a probe was ordered in the defence deals.
The peaceful procession suddenly turned violent leaving many persons injured.
Proclaim prok-lem - to make something important known officially and publicly, declare
The government proclaimed the emergency in 1975, only once in the history of India.
Three child prodigies were selected from India to work for the American space project.
The ideas professed by our religious scriptures thousands years ago are meaningful even today.
The harmful gases have brought profound changes in the earth's climate.
The point of reservation for the women prolonged beyond requirement in the parliament.
The army intensified the security in the smuggling prone areas near the international border.
Prong prong - pointed, each of two or more long pointed parts of a fork
The Prime Minister called for a two-pronged approach for normalization of International relations.
The political analysts asserted that only self propelled government can do good for the people.
The border areas have a propensity for large scale smuggling and intrusion.
The share broker analysed that the stock market is falling hence it is not propitious to invest in
shares.
With the slump in the stock market, the portfolio investment seems to be a costly proposition.
Women parliamentarians are the protagonists of the women reservation bill in the elections.
The religious disputes are being protracted by the vested interests who are accused of showing
no interest in the solution.
The murder of a leader of minority community provoked communal violence in the area.
The government should prune non-plan expenditure in order to reduce fiscal deficit.
The prudent government immediately announced relief package for the earthquake hit state.
The mass media are often accused of creating a pseudo phobia in the minority
community.
The old man pointed out that the Gandhian principles are still alive and pulsating throughout the
world.
The government expressed its inability to pump more money in the sick public sector units.
Q
Quagmire kwag-maaya - marsh
The competition introduced by the multinational companies has brought many qualitative
changes in the products.
The newspapers being responsible messengers never write about sensitive issues without
qualm.
The government was in a quandary over the issue of reduction of subsidies which could affect
their vote bank.
Quash kwo-sh - to reject, to declare something no more valid (done by courts especially)
The high court quashed the government's order of dismissal the employees.
The opposition demanded that a quasi judicial body should probe the case of human rights
violations.
Queer strange
Extra police force was called to quell the rising incidents of violence.
The workers were doubtful regarding their pay scales but the manager convincingly quelled their
apprehensions.
Quid pro quo kwid-pro-ko - a thing given in return for something else
The militants' attack was seen as a quid pro quo of the army's operation.
Quintessence kwin-te-sunce - the most essential part
The Chief Minister quipped on the issue of water dispute with the neighbouring states.
By quirk of fate, the two friends met each other on the railway station after twenty years.
The minister was quoted as saying that the government won't tolerate the corruption in the
government departments.
R
Radical redi-kul - 1. having extreme views
The economic policies require radical changes in order to survive the tough competition in the
international market.
The violent disturbance is the sole raison d'etre for heavy deployment of the security force.
The multinational companies are often accused of interested in raking profits only while caring
little for social responsibilities.
Ramification remi-fi-keshun - large number of unexpected results which follow an idea, action
etc.
After the severe earthquake, the government employees were forced to work in the ramshackle
buildings.
The industrialists alleged that the ramshackle tax structure would adversely affect their business
interests.
Rapacious ra-pe-shus - wanting more money than what you need, greedy
The rapacious attitude of the industrialists has caused great harm to the environment.
The opposition rapped the government for its failure to protect the country's interest on
international front.
Ratify re-ti-fy - to endorse, to make valid while putting stamp of approval by parliament
The Presidential rule imposed by the central government was not ratified by the parliament.
The need to rationalize the tax structure was stressed by the industrialists.
The district administration failed to understand the rationale of the Supreme Court order, as a
result the court had to issue fresh one.
Civil war, slavery and colonialism ravaged the economies of the African countries.
These days, celebrities are moving into the realm of social work.
The government's offer of peace talks met with sharp rebuff from the militants.
The economists feel that the economy will be in deep recession because of the high interest
rates.
The enemy nation offered to settle the dispute peacefully but this was not reciprocated by the
other country.
The district municipal corporations were taken into reckoning while preparing a list of
development agencies.
The ruling party and the opposition have become habitual of recrimination.
In the next round of game, the chess player redeemed his poor performance.
With the advent of new theories of management, the old ones have become redundant.
The organisation needs to refurbish its image in order to meat its goals.
Rehabilitate ri-habili-tet - to help people in living a normal life after their displacement, prison
etc.
The slums have been destroyed and the people would be rehabilitated in the nearby colony.
The terrorists who have surrendered should be rehabilitated in the mainstream of the society.
The army resorted to a reinforcement exercise fearing large-scale violence by the terrorists.
The Minister reiterated his commitment to end corruption in the government offices.
The export industry is rejuvenated over the newly liberalized overseas market.
The ceasefire from the militant's side has rekindled the hope of peaceful solution of the problem.
Relapse ri-leps - to fall back into the previous situation after making some improvement
The malaria was almost eradicated form the earth but it relapsed.
Unlike regular fighting, the border is relatively calm for the last few weeks.
The government ordered the relief commissioner not to relinquish the responsibility of
supervising the relief work at the critical stage.
Relish re-lish - to like the taste
The government should take remedial measures to put economy back on track.
The victim said that the atrocities of police are reminiscent of British Imperialism.
The remnants of the ancient civilizations are still preserved in the national museums.
The communication revolution has spread to the remotest village of the country.
There is remote possibility of reduction in inflation once the prices have risen.
Because of the cheaper imports, the domestic production has been rendered unprofitable.
The terrorists should renounce violence and come forward for peace talks.
The agriculture minister addressed the conference of renowned scientists from around the world.
Reparation re-pe-re-shun - to feel sorry and make up for the suffering that you have caused
There are many old laws in our legal books which need to be repealed in order to conform to the
standards of the newly emerging challenges.
The author holds the copyright of this book, nobody else can replicate it without permission.
The virus replicates itself very fast thus infecting a large group of cells within a short time.
All the members of the parliament reposed faith in the new government.
Lower sections of the population still feel repressed in the social setup.
Reprieve ri-preev - a delay before something bad happens
The stay order on demolition of the building came as a reprieve for the shopkeepers.
The court reprimanded the officials for their unsympathetic attitude towards public.
The chief minister repudiated the statement of his fellow minister on reduction in the electricity
charges.
Indian army is capable of repulsing any attack from across the border.
The new party doesn't have the requisite minimum number of seats required to form the
government.
In order to provide a foolproof security on the republic day, the anti sabotage team was
requisitioned.
The new government rescinded the old legislation immediately after taking oath.
The Supreme Court resented the contempt of court by the central government.
The new government resolved that it would strictly deal with the anti national
elements.
In case the students' demands are not accepted, they will resort to the strike.
The government's decision to give a job to the martyr's son gave some respite to the aggrieved
family.
The employees became restive when they learnt that the Management has not accepted their
demands.
Restore ris-to-o - to bring back a situation that existed before
The paramilitary forces are trying to restore the peace in the riot-affected area.
The court restrained the government from issuing the dismissal order of the employee.
The rival parties were ordered by the court to exercise restrain in issuing statements to the
media.
Workers resumed work after a week long strike in protest of their demands.
With the the rise in wealth, the society has seen a resurgence of the crime.
The issue of price hike was almost over but the demonstrators again resurrected it.
The militants fired on the police but when the police retaliated, two of them were killed.
The demolition wing of the municipal corporation retraced its steps after receiving the stay
order from the court.
The people demanded retribution for the barbarous killing by the militants.
The lost documents of financial irregularities could not be retrieved by the vigilance department.
Taliban's act of destruction of the statues was seen as a retrogressive step by the
international community.
Revamp ree-vemp - to give new form to something, to make changes in order to improve
The old education system needs a total revamp in order to make it job oriented.
The advance technology has revitalized the industry which has led to mass production.
Revive ri-vy-v - to bring back to life
The board of directors felt that the company's falling share prices in the market needs to be
revived.
The judge revoked the driving license of the truck driver who killed two pedestrians.
The employees revolted against the decision to lower the retirement age.
The country should get rid of inefficient politicians in order to ensure speedy development.
Who took the bribe in the defence deals became a riddle for the investigative agencies.
The government ridiculed the idea of giving free electricity to the farmers.
Few minor differences have created rift among ruling party's members.
The Ministry of Information Technology felt that the situation is ripe for holding an international
conference on Internet.
The protestors made it clear that they can't end strike as the killers were still roaming freely.
Rope rop - to persuade somebody to join an activity even when he/she doesn't want it
The watchman accused the police of roping him in the murder case by registering false case
against him.
Rout raa-oot - to defeat easily and completely
The opposition blamed the government for improper statement which created a row.
The ruffians who struck the village murdered eight people of the family.
The opposition parties are very often accused of exploiting the rumbling in the ruling party.
The National Human Rights Commission took strict note of the ruthless treatment of the police
with the accused.
S
Sabotage sebo-taash - to damage intentionally and secretly
The government's plan to hold a big rally in the state was sabotaged by the opposition party.
The government sacked thousands of workers due to its poor financial condition.
Sacred se-kred - very important and treated with great respect, holy
Religion is the sacred matter hence utmost care should be taken while giving a statement related
to it.
Military equipments are a safeguard against the aggression by the neighbouring country.
By joining the hands with the winning party, the local leaders made a sagacious move.
Sanctity senktiti - state of being very holy and important which needs to be protected
The sanctity in the friendship between neighbouring countries should be maintained at every
cost.
The sanity shown by signing the world trade agreements led to the increase in country's exports
to the International markets.
Sarcasm of the common man over harsh budget could be felt very easily by the street reporters.
The poor countries were satiated with the huge money received from the western countries.
Savage se-vej - to attack fierecly and violently which causes great harm
Scam skem - a fraud at high level, a clever/dishonest and very big plan to make money
The newspapers published an investigative story on the scam in the animal husbandry
department.
The environmentalists expressed their concern over scant natural resources for the increasing
population.
The court's order of closing down the polluting industry scared the business community.
The chairman faced the scathing attack from the board of directors.
Scenario si-naa-ri-oscene
The schism in the supporting parties finally led to the fall of the government.
Scintillate sinti-let - to shine brilliantly
After the appointment of a new coach, the cricketers' gave a scintillating performance in the
match.
There is mad scramble among the unemployed youths for very few jobs.
The import duty on the computer hardware should be scrapped in order to reduce their prices in
the market.
A student should be scrupulous in order to have a good command over the subject.
The defence deal was scrutinized by the parliamentary committee in order to verify its
genuineness
The situation turned grave as students got involved in a scuffle with the police.
The court took a strict view of the Prime Minister scuttling the probe against his minister.
The sociologists observed that the elder people are left to leave secluded life in modern society.
Sectarian sek-te-ri-un - related to the differences between the people having different
religious views
The sectarian tendencies are not good for the unity and integrity of the country.
The police seized a big consignment of smuggled goods from the suspects.
The government came under severe criticism from the opposition parties on the issue of heavy
commission paid in defence deals.
The government must do something for the shambling situation of law and order.
The country's economy is in shambles following the sanctions by the International community.
In light of the new developments, the bureaucratic system should be shelved in favour of a
modern one.
After the recession, the car manufacturers shelved their plans to launch new models.
The increasing foreign investment can shore up a country's foreign exchange reserves.
The opposition failed the expose the government's shortcomings and failures on various fronts.
The election commission shrugged off the allegations of booth capturing and rigging in the
election.
The militants should shun violence first and then talk to the government.
Siege seeej - surround a building to prevent access
The army laid siege around the building in which criminals were hiding.
The government breathed a sigh of relief when the postal employees called off their
nation wide strike.
Even after the riots, the town is simmering with anger and pain.
Simulate simyu-lut - to create an artificial situation just like the real one
The flight simulation tests reduce the accident rate of the air force's planes.
Some antisocial elements are working on a sinister plan to divide the country.
The party president urged the workers to sink their differences and project a unified voice before
the public.
The investigation report said that a big amount was siphoned off by the corrupt officials.
The proposal was passed unanimously by the board but few members were still skeptic about its
feasibility.
Some persons were hurt in the skirmish at the entry point of the stadium.
The opposition party got involved in the skirmish with the ruling party.
The militant organizations slammed the government's offer of talks and termed it too rigid for
peace efforts.
Slander slaanda - a false statement intended to damage the reputation of other person
Because of recession in the international markets, the export is sluggish these days.
The stock markets worldwide have witnessed a great slump in the past few months.
The election commission took a strict note of the smearing campaign by the politicians.
The storm snapped the communication link of the city with outside world.
Snare sne-aa - attractive but unpleasant situation which is difficult to escape from
The life of metropolitan cities is proving to be a snare for the younger generations.
The new batch of militants sneaked into the Indian territory from across the border.
The minister asserted that the sole objective of the government is to achieve peace and
prosperity for the country.
The demonstration of the displaced villagers proved to be a spanner in the construction of dams.
The militants' decision to come forward for talks has sparked hope of peaceful settlement of the
problem.
Spate spe-et - large number of unpleasant events within a short period of time
The army fears a spectre of violence in light of the latest threat from the terrorists.
The opposition alleged that after liberalization, the losses of government owned companies have
spiralled.
The winning of the gold medal was a splendid victory for India.
The news of declaration of separate state drew spontaneous reaction form the demonstrators
who began to celebrate.
The players continued their winning spree and won ten gold medals.
The spurt in oil prices was due to the rise in the prices of oil in the international markets.
The Non Governmental Organizations decided to concentrate their efforts in the squalid areas of
the metropolitan cities.
The multinational company accused the government of squatting on the file of project.
The constable was stabbed by the dacoits when he tried to nab them.
The foreign investors are not investing because of the staggering economy.
Stake ste-ek - something which can be won or lost depending upon the circumstances
By not paying the external debts on time, the country's reputation is at stake.
The government said that it is committed to reduce its stake in public sector
companies.
The newspaper reported that the criminals have a huge stake in the metropolitan's real estate
business.
In today's Information age, the information is getting stale very fast so the media must give new
and updated information.
The violence has stalled the peace process between two countries.
The stalwarts of independence movement were mostly journalists who were associated with the
newspapers.
The development work should not remain static rather it should go on full swing.
The media are the staunch supporters of a country's cultural and social values.
The domestic industry accepted the challenge and made steady progress in the liberalised
market.
The intelligence agencies reported that stealthy preparations for the demolition of the temple are
going on.
The excessive wealth gives rise to the steep rise in crime rate of a state.
Stern warning should be issued to the wrongdoers in order to reduce the crime rate.
The move to interfere in the religious matters met with stiff resistance from the public.
Stigma stig-ma - the feeling of hate or disliking by people for some action
The ruling party was stung by the tremendous success of the opposition party in the election.
The court ordered the government that the work on the construction site should be completed
before the stipulated time.
The vacancy stipulates that the candidate should have at least 10 years of experience.
The staff of the government owned companies held stir in protest against the privatisation.
The cheap foreign goods have stormed the domestic market. The army stormed the
building in which the terrorists were hiding.
2. to injure by stretching
Some bad incidents have strained our relations with the neighbouring countries.
There is much disparity of income in our social strata which leads to various socio economic
tensions.
Twelve people were hurt in the stray incidents of violence in the district.
The newspaper reported that the stray cattle damaging the farmers' crop.
The government is making every effort to help the poverty stricken people.
The court passed strictures on the government for its failure to protect minorities.
The country has made rapid strides on the development front since independence.
A four member committee visited the strife torn district of tribal areas where intercast rivalry was
at its peak.
A striking aspect of the mass media is that it moulds the public opinion.
The stringent security measures should be taken in order to curb the rise in militancy in different
states.
The sports ministry hinted that the guilty players might be stripped of their awards.
The newspaper wrote that government must strive for the upliftment of poor.
Both the sides were stubborn in peace talks, as a result no agreement could be reached.
Because of the narrow roads and countless vehicles, the passengers got stuck in a traffic jam.
Stumbling block stumbling-blok - something which prevents you from achieving your goal
The high interest rates are seen as a stumbling block in the growth of domestic industry.
The nation was stunned by the assassination of a young and promising Prime Minister.
Our freedom fighters had the stupendous personality which led to the end of British rule.
The strike was successful but the subsequent events were not satisfactory.
The rain in the flooded area has subsided, now the relief work will resume.
In this competitive world, small companies have to work hard for subsistence.
The country has made a substantial progress after the liberalisation of economy.
The people handed over to the police a substantial number of cases relating to irregularities in
house allotment.
The journalist presented the photos of fighting people to substantiate his claim.
The media brings out a substantive change in a country's social and political system.
The infrastructure development is a substantive issue which needs special attention by the policy
makers.
Subversive sub-va-siv - trying to destroy the government by indirect and secret violent
attacks
Initially the striking workers resisted but they succumb to the pressure to end the strike.
The actress sued the newspaper for publishing a false story about her.
The people demanded that mere promises won't suffice, the government will have to fulfill them.
The foreign ministry officials summed up the bilateral talks as meaningful, warm and friendly.
The court summoned the deputy commissioner in the employee's promotion case.
The candidate gave superfluous answers in the interview which led to his failure.
Supersede supaa-seed - to take the place of old thing
The superpowers conducted the nuclear tests surmising no country would object but to their
surprise, most of the countries criticized their act.
The hockey team surpassed our expectations and won the gold medal at Olympics.
The government has the suspicion that the facilities given to the poor will be misused by the rich.
The delegation remarked that because of the heavy losses, the small scale industry won't be
able to sustain for long.
The leaders cautioned the party workers not to be swayed away by the media reports of split in
their party.
2. to spread
Due to the high budget deficit, the recession swept across the industries.
The common man feels that the sycophants are running the politics these days.
The workers didn't stop the work, instead they wore the black badges to show their symbolic
protest.
The rise in militancy is not a good symptom for the peaceful atmosphere.
Synergy sina-ji - extra power/energy achieved by two or more organization working together
The two companies fully exploited the synergy that was created by their business collaboration.
T
Taboo ta-booo - embarrassing issues/things which are not usually discussed among people
The investigation wing of the army is keeping a tab on the militant's activities.
Tacit te-sit - understood indirectly rather than expressed in words
The ruling party got the tacit support of independent members of the parliament.
The outgoing government used the "tax cut" as the tactics to win the next election.
Taint te-nt - to damage or spoil the quality of something The cricket board decided to deal
strictly with the tainted players.
The record of the electricity office was tampered in order to hide irregularities.
The ministry instructed all the departments to work in tandem with each other.
The local people worked in tandem with the rescue workers to save the people trapped inside
the earthquake affected buildings.
The project on rural development had tangible benefits both interms of literacy and better
healthcare for the villagers.
The rigid attitude shown by the striking workers further deepened the tangle.
The glamour and materialism created by media is quite tantalizing for the new generation.
Tantamount tenta-ma-unt - equal to, having the same bad effect as something else
The court clarified that if media presents the wrong interpretation of its order then it would be
tantamount to the contempt of court.
All the sources of non-conventional energy are still not fully tapped.
The corruption has tarnished the image of many countries at the International forum in a big way.
The public is tempted by the finance companies for higher interest rates on their money.
The sociologists fear that the tentacles of western culture are spreading very fast in our society.
The examination board declared the tentative date sheet of the exams.
Tenure ten-yaa - time period for which one holds important job
The government is trying to thrash out a compromise formula between its allies and the minister.
Illegal activities thrive in the city in absence any action plan from the police.
More and more investment should be made in the thrust areas of development.
"Higher taxes for increased development" was the thrust of the finance minister's speech during
budget presentation.
The opposition thwarted the government's plan of providing increased subsidy to the people
living below poverty line.
Tip off tip-off - secret information that somebody gives to another person
An anonymous person tipped off the police regarding the illegal trade of tiger's skin in the area.
The television news channels gave a wide coverage to the opposition's tirade against the
government in the budget session of the parliament.
The social workers have toiled to improve the living conditions in the slums.
The opposition parties demanded that the system of repayment of the debts should be toned up.
The dense fog and cold wave continued to torment the people in the city thus disrupting normal
life.
The finance minister towed the line of Prime Minister on the issue of economic
agenda.
The Information Technology is believed to produce harmful personality traits in the individuals.
The government received the first tranche of the loan from the world bank.
The city's life is noisy and fast whereas it is tranquil in the villages.
The financial analysts suggested that business transacted over the Internet should be made tax
free.
The public sector needs some transformation in light of the competitive market.
The life has undergone tremendous transition with the advent of new technology.
The chemistry professor predicted that the iron could be transmuted into gold.
Nothing significant transpired at the meeting between the finance minister and the industry
representatives.
The misuse of public money by the higher authorities was termed as an act of treachery by the
court.
Tread tred - to walk along a track
The government has to tread cautiously over the issue of allowing entry of foreign media in India.
A powerful earthquake sent tremors across the country causing large-scale devastation.
The idea of money collection for drought victims was triggered by our students.
The court's order was a trigger for the closure of polluting industries in the capital.
The finance minister's pre budget speech triggered off speculations among industrialists.
The saint urged the people not to fight over trivial matters which could harm the unity and
brotherhood.
The two biggest political parties decided to have truck in the forthcoming elections.
During elections, the political parties are often accused of trumpeting their small
achievements.
The army was ordered to take over the turbulent situation in the city immediately.
The media was blamed by the politicians of causing political turmoil in the country.
All the important development projects are awaiting approval because of the tussle among
various government departments.
U
Ubiquitous u-bi-kwi-tus - very common, present everywhere
Rise in crime rate with the rise in wealth of the society is ubiquitous throughout the world.
The municipal corporation took umbrage of the people's decision to build the road themselves
without seeking help form the corporation.
The dynamic young man was unanimously elected as president of the teaching union.
Despite the hurdles in the way, the social reformers moved with undaunting spirits to eliminate
harmful rituals from our society.
Undercurrent unda-ka-runt - a negative feeling which is hidden but whose effects are felt
The dissent in the party was not visible but the undercurrents surfaced in the meeting.
The two neighbouring countries underscored the need to move forward in improving their
relations.
The independent parties extended their unequivocal support to the biggest party to form the
government.
The villagers in unison expressed happiness over the new health programme started by the
government.
Unnerve un-naav - to make somebody feel nervous, frightened and lose confidence
The government was unnerved by the opposition's no confidence motion against it.
The court resented the unpalatable language used in the affidavit filed by the authorities.
Unprecedented security arrangements were made for the visiting American President.
The government requested the striking doctors to resume the duty but the doctors were
unrelenting.
The Prime Minister inducted some ministers despite the unremitting criticism by the opposition.
The government made it clear that it wouldn't take unsolicited advice from the international
community to solve its internal disputes.
The Prime Minister unveiled many schemes for the poor on the Independence Day.
The defamatory statement of the visiting foreign President on Indian culture was termed as
totally unwarranted.
The mood of the cricket players was upbeat after a shining victory over rival team.
The decision of the cabinet minister to raise the reservations in the jobs caused upheaval in the
country.
The constitution upholds the right of freedom of speech and expression of a citizen.
The constitution has stressed the upliftment of the poor section of the society.
Uprising up-ry-zing - rebellion, situation in which a group of people fights against the authority
The army took control of the nation after the uprising against the government.
Uproot up-root - to leave a place where you have lived for long time, remove from the root
The demonstrators alleged that the dam construction has uprooted many people from their
ancestral land.
The petroleum minister expressed inability to reduce petrol prices because of upswing in prices
of oil in international market.
India and America signed many bilateral trade agreements thus ushering in a new era of
development.
Usurp u-zaap - to take somebody's power without having the right for doing this, snatch
V
Vacillate veci-let - to fluctuate/keep changing the mind
The valourous soldiers have earned victory for the country in Kargil war.
The people's forum took out a procession against the rising vandalism in the city.
The policeman vanished from the scene of violence fearing reaction by the mob.
The discussion in the parliament veered away as a member started discussing some other
problem.
The mass media are the vehement supporters of the freedom of speech and expression.
Veil vel - cover with a cloth, not expressed directly so as not to make the meaning clear
The World Bank issued a veiled threat to the state governments to pay up their debts.
The Pakistani newspaper commented that Nawaj Sharief is a victim of political vendetta.
Because of the age and experience, the elder people are venerable.
The rebels' vindictive statements put an end to the peace talks with the government.
The common man alleged that politicians are habitual of spewing venom on their enemies.
The consumers gave vent to their feelings before the grievance committee of the
telecommunication department.
Some small-scale hi-tech ventures were closed due to the faulty policies of the government.
The Supreme Court's verdict came as a boon for the dismissed employees, as a result they were
reinstated by the government.
There were contradictory versions by the different communities on the cause of the communal
riots.
The power to dismiss a state government vests with the central government.
The new states will have to work hard to make themselves viable.
The industrial revolution laid the foundation of many vibrant economies of the world.
All the big media companies vie for securing the rights of live telecast of Olympic games.
The state government vigourously took up the case with the central government to sanction
rupees 120 crore as relief fund.
Vilify vili-fy - to malign, to say unpleasant things about somebody to lower his status
Following the court order in his favour, the complainant stood vindicated.
The army officers have to be vivacious as the nature of job demands it.
The old forts have some vivid memories of our glorious past.
Vociferous demonstrators clashed with the supporters of the rival political party.
Some highly primitive customs are still vogue in some parts of the country.
The workers criticized the government's volte face on the issue of their post retirement benefits.
Volunteer vo-lun-tee-aa - who offers his services himself without being compelled
The government vouched for the safety of the employees of multinational companies.
The person vouchsafed the police that his neighbour was engaged in antisocial activities.
W
Wage ve-j - to start and continue
The naxalites are waging a war against the state government in Hyderabad.
The finance minister's speech will ward off any doubt that foreign investors may have in their
mind.
The police need to keep a wary eye on the activities of anti social elements.
The adoption of modern printing technologies marked a watershed in the history of Print media.
The robbers waylaid the businessman who was on his way to office.
The government will have to wean out the subsidy altogether in order to lower the budget deficit.
The corruption needs to be weeded out completely to ensure free and fair administration.
The government was forced willy nilly to accept the court's order.
The finance minister hinted at the winding up of the sick industries owned by the government.
The government fell down and all the new projects withered away.
The strong ties between two countries should withstand possible tension in the near future.
The parliament often witnesses the allegations and counter allegations between opposition and
government.
The newspaper accused that the government doesn't have the time to listen to the woes of poor.
The parliament's precious time often gets wasted in unnecessary wrangle between the ruling
party and the opposition parties.
Wrest rest - to snatch, to take control and power from somebody with great effort
Y
Yardstick yaad-stik - standard of measurement of success
The educationists often argue that marks are not the criterion of a student's intelligence.
The investment in the Information Technology shares can yield good returns due to the rising
prices of technology stocks.
Z
Zeal zee-ul - great enthusiasm
The public participated with zeal in the pulse polio immunization programme.
The country started moving on the path of liberalization with full zest.
The liberal import policy of the government made several foreign cars zipping around the city.
The price of oil has zoomed in the past few months due to the reduction in the crude oil production.