NUTRITION combination of processes which supply our body with the building

materials and energy we need to live.

Nutrients Use Present in

Carbohydrates Fast supply of energy Pulses, potatoes, cereals, cereal
products (bread, pasta)
Fats Slow supply of energy Oils and butter
Proteins Building materials for growth Meat, fish, eggs, milk, pulses.
and to repair our body
Vitamins and Necessary for our body to Fruit, vegetables and dairy
minerals function properly products.
Water Transports other nutrients

4 processes:

Process Involves Takes place in

Digestion obtaining nutrients for our digestive system
body to use
Respiration obtaining oxygen and respiratory system
releasing carbon dioxide
Circulation transporting nutrients, circulatory system
oxygen and waste
products
Excretion eliminating waste Excretory system, respiratory
system and sweat glands

DIGESTION process of breaking down food into nutrients that our body can use.
duration: 24-48 hours

Digestive system digestive tube + helper glands.

Stages:

Mouth: food + saliva (from the salivary glands)=bolus

pharynx
oesophagus
stomach gastric juices + food = chyme
small intestine: intestinal juices + bile (from the liver) + pancreatic juice (from
the pancreas) + chyme= chyle.

-Nutrients are absorbed into the blood in the small intestine. Villi tiny finger-like
projections that absorb the nutrients.

-In the large intestine water is absorbed and undigested food turns into faeces.
Faeces leave the body though the anus.

A complete balanced diet and fibre are necessary for a healthy digestive system.
RESPIRATION: process by which we breathe in/inhale to obtain oxygen and we
breathe out/exhale to expel the carbon dioxide.

Respiratory system air passageways + lungs.

Stages:

Air enters through nostrils pharynx larynx trachea (divides into two)
the bronchi Lungs

Inside lungs: bronchioles air sacs (where gas exchange takes place).

Gas exchange:

In air sacs there are tiny blood vessels with thin walls that allow oxygen and
carbon dioxide to pass between the lungs and the blood.

-Oxygen: air we inhale from the air sacs to the blood and our body cells.
-Carbon dioxide: air we exhale from the body cells, to the blood and the air sacs.