B gio dc v o to

Trng i hc xy dng H ni

------------------------------------------

t t h u g ia n g

p dng thut ton tin ha thit k ti

u tit din thp ca dm n gin lin hp

Thp - b tng

lun vn thc s k thut

Chuyn ngnh: Xy dng cng trnh Dn dng v Cng nghip

N g i h n g d n kh o a h c :
T s. v a n h t u n

H n i - 2011
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

li cm n

Tc gi xin by t lng bit n chn thnh i vi TS.V ANH TUN v

b mn kt cu Thp-G tn tnh gip , hng dn v a ra nhiu kin
qu bu, cng nh to iu kin thun li, cung cp ti liu v ng vin tc gi
trong qu trnh hon thnh lun vn.
Tc gi xin trn trng cm n cc thy c gio, cc cn b ca khoa Sau
i hc, khoa Xy dng trng i hc Xy Dng H Ni cng cc bn ng
nghip gip , ch dn trong qu trnh hc tp v nghin cu.

Tc gi
T Thu Giang

2
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

MC LC
M U

1. Gii thiu chung5

2. u im v nhc im ca kt cu lin hp ....6

3. Tng quan v cu kin lin hp.......9

PHN NI DUNG

CHNG I : THIT K DM LIN HP THEO EC-4

1.1. Thit k dm lin hp theo EC-4...23

1.1.1. Vt liu....23

1.1.1.1. B tng.23

1.1.1.2. Thp kt cu.....26

1.1.1.3. Tm tn thp26

1.1.1.4. Cht chu ct....27

1.1.2. S tnh30

1.1.3. Cc gii hn khi thit k dm lin hp33

1.1.4. Kim tra theo trng thi gii hn th I....34

1.1.4.1. Chiu rng lm vic ca tm sn.34

1.1.4.2. Phn loi tit din ngang..34

1.1.4.3. Sc bn tit din i vi m men un..36

1.1.4.3.1. Trng hp dm l thp cn nng c tit din ch I...37

1.1.4.3.2. Trng hp dm l dm t hp hn c tit din ch I....41

1.1.4.4. bn ca tit din khi chu lc ct...43

1.1.5. Kim tra theo trng thi gii hn th II..44

3
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

1.1.6. Sc bn tnh ton ca cc lin kt chu ct.45

1.2. Thit k ti u dm lin hp..46

1.3. Ti u dm lin hp vi mt bin l thp hnh cn nng..47

1.4. Ti u dm lin hp tm bc dm hp l....49

CHNG II : TI U DM LIN HP THEO THUT TON TIN

HA VI PHN - DE

2.1. Lch s thut ton...53

2.2. Thut ton tin ha vi phn DE.....55

2.3. Cc bin s.57

2.4. Hm mc tiu.....58

2.5. Cc rng buc.59

2.5.1. Rng buc ca bin.59

2.5.2. Rng buc ca hm mc tiu..60

2.6. Chng trnh ti u ha..62

2.7. ng dng v kt qu...63

PHN KT LUN V KIN NGH

1. Kt lun..66

2. Kin ngh...66

TI LIU THAM KHO..67

PH LC TNH TON.68

4
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

PHN M U
1. Gii thiu chung

Nhu cu xy dng nh cao tng v nh siu cao tng ang bng n mnh
m Vit Nam, c bit cc khu th ln
nh H Ni v TP. H Ch Minh. Khi s
dng cc gii php kt cu b tng ct thp
thng thng, cng trnh nh cao tng i
hi kch thc cc cu kin kt cu c th rt
ln, nng n, tn km, gim khng gian s
dng v gim tnh thm m. khc phc
cc nhc im k trn, gii php kt cu
lin hp thp b tng v ang c s
dng ph bin nhiu nc trn th gii cho
cc cng trnh nh nhiu tng (Hnh 1.1).

Mc ch ca gii php ny l tn Hnh 1.1: Qu trnh xy dng

dng cc u im ring v c trng c l nh cao tng thng mi
gia vt liu thp v b tng to ra kt cu lin hp c kh nng chu lc v
tin cy cao, v khc phc nhc im ca kt cu thp. Bn cnh , cng
trnh s dng gii php kt cu lin hp s p ng c cng nng s dng
cao, hiu qu v kinh t v m bo tnh thm m. nc ta, t nm 2006 tiu
chun thit k kt cu lin hp thp b tng ang c tin hnh nghin cu v
bin son theo tiu chun Eurocode 4. Lun vn ny da trn tiu chun EC-4 s
xem xt cc gii php cu to, c im v cc nguyn tc thit k c bn cho
cu kin kt cu dm lin hp. ng thi, lun vn s cp n nhng ch
cn thit cho vic p dng gii php kt cu lin hp i vi nh nhiu tng
trong iu kin Vit Nam.

5
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

2. u im v nhc im ca kt cu lin hp

Tnh u vit ca kt cu lin hp l c kh nng chu lc v tin cy cao.

Kt cu lin hp thp b tng tn dng c cc u im ring v c trng
c l ca c hai loi vt liu thp v b
tng. Vt liu thp c cng chu ko
v nn cao, kh nng cho php bin dng
do ln, tin cy, an ton chu lc
cao nhng kh nng chu la km v gi
thnh li cao. Trong khi vt liu b
tng mc d ch c cng chu nn
tng i nhng li c tnh chu la tt,
gi thnh r v c s dng ph bin.
Nh vy, so vi trng hp ch s dng
kt cu BTCT thun tu th vic s dng
gii php kt cu lin hp thp b tng s
Hnh 1.2: Kt cu lin hp
m bo tng kh nng chu lc v nng
Thp B tng
cao tin cy ca kt cu, do bao gm
kh nng chu lc ca c 2 thnh phn kt cu thp hnh v b tng ct thp
cng kt hp tham gia chu lc.

Hn na, nu so snh vi trng hp ch s dng gii php kt cu thp

thun tu th vic s dng kt cu lin hp thp b tng ngoi vic lm tng kh
nng chu lc cn tng cng ngang, tng kh nng n nh v nng cao tnh
chu la.

Cu kin trong kt cu lin hp thanh mnh hn so vi kt cu b tng ct

thp thng thng. Khng gian s dng c tng ln, ng thi to khng gian
nh nhng thng thong, lm khng gian tr nn p hn.

6
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Khi thi cng kt cu lin hp c th d dng s dng cc phng php thi

cng hin i nh vn khun trt, lp ghp, v vy tng c ng k thi gian
thi cng. V d nh thp Thin nin k, vo nm 1998 l ta nh cao nht nc
o, chiu cao hn 202m ng vi 55 tng nh vi din tch xy dng l 1000m2,
thi gian xy dng trong 8 thng, tng ng vi vic thi cng xy dng
khong 2 tun mt tng nh.

Gii php kt cu lin hp thp b tng (Hnh 1.2) cng c ng dng

kh hiu qu trong trng hp kt cu cng trnh nm trong vng c ng t,
do chng c mc n nh v tin cy cao khi chu ti trng ng. iu ny
c kim nghim qua thc t ti nhiu trn ng t ln, nh trn ng t
Kobe Nht Bn nm 1995 hay trn ng t Northridge M nm 1994.
Trng lng thp
Loi dm (%)

- Dm thp (non-composite) 100

- Dm lin hp, c chng tm khi thi cng 73
- Dm lin hp to ng lc trc trong thp 55
Bng 1.1: So snh trng lng thp [1]

Trng lng thp Tng gi thnh

Loi khung (%) (%)

1. Khung thp - n hi 100 100

2. Khung lin hp - n hi 84.5 92.5
3. Khung thp - n do 89 95.5
4. Khung hn hp - n do 70 87
Bng 1.2: So snh trng lng thp v gi thnh tng th [1]

7
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

So vi trng hp ch s dng kt cu thp thun tu th vic s dng gii

php kt cu lin hp thp b tng s c hiu qu kinh t cao, gim c trng
lng thp. V d cho khung nh su nhp, ba tng, trng lng thp gim dn

t 25-45% (Bng 1.1), cho khung nh nm tng mt nhp gim c n 13%

gi thnh (Bng 1.2).

Nu so vi trng hp s dng gii php kt cu b tng ct thp th gii

php s dng kt cu lin hp gim c trng lng ca cng trnh trong

khong 10-20%, dn n gim nh c kt cu mng.

Mc d lng thp s dng trong kt cu lin hp l nhiu hn so vi kt

cu b tng ct thp nhng tng chi ph xy dng cng trnh c th vn gim; do
tng nhanh c thi gian thi cng sm a cng trnh vo s dng v quay
vng vn.

S dng kt cu lin hp mang li hiu qu v mt cng nng vi nh cao

tng. Cc cng trnh nh nhiu tng, khi chiu cao nh cng cao v nhp khung
cng ln th ni lc dc trc trong ct v mmen trong dm cng ln. Nh vy,
nu ch s dng gii php kt cu b tng ct thp thng thng th kch thc
tit din yu cu ca ct l rt ln, v thc t cp bn ca b tng s dng
ph bin cho xy dng nh nhiu tng Vit Nam hin nay vo khong B25 n
B40, tng ng vi cng chu nn tnh ton khong 155daN/cm2 n
215daN/cm2. Vic ng dng gii php kt cu lin hp s to cho cng trnh
thanh mnh v tng khng gian s dng. Mc d mt s nc trn th gii
nh Nht Bn, c, sn xut c b tng mc siu cao vi cng chu
nn c th vt trn 1000daN/cm2. Tuy nhin sn xut b tng t c
cng cao nh vy v m bo c mc tin cy th quy trnh sn xut v
kim tra cht lng yu cu phi c thc hin rt nghim ngt v thi gian v
cng ngh k thut.

8
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

3. Tng quan v cu kin lin hp

Kt cu lin hp thp b tng l loi kt cu s dng thp kt cu

(structural steel) kt hp vi b tng hoc b tng ct thp chng cng tham
gia chu lc (Hnh 1.3)

Hnh 1.3: Cu kin lin hp

Gii php cu to thng c s dng i vi loi cu kin ct lin hp l

thp nh hnh, thp t hp hn dng ch H c bc b tng mt phn hoc
ton b, hoc thp ng c nhi y b tng hoc b tng ct thp (Hnh 1.4).

9
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

bc
t t

Cht chu ct
bc

t
Thp hnh
B tng
B tng
y

tf

hc
Cht chu ct
y Thp hnh

hc
tw bao ngoi

Thp thanh

t
tf
z z
(1) Thp H c bc mt phn bng b tng (2) Thp hnh hp ch nht c nhi bng b tng
bc bc
cy b cy b
Thp hnh Thp hnh
cz

B tng
B tng

tf
tf

tw
y y
hc

h
h

tw Thp hnh
Thp thanh tw

tf
cz

z z
(3) Thp H c bc ton (4) 2 Thp H t hp c bc
b bng b tng mt phn bng b tng
d d
t t t t

Thp hnh
tf

B tng Cht chu ct

y y
tw
B tng

Thp hnh

z z
(5) Thp hnh ng c (6) Thp hnh ng c ct cng
nhi bng b tng c nhi bng b tng

Hnh 1.4: Cc dng tit din ct lin hp thp b tng

10
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Sn lin hp (Thp-BTCT) l mt dng kt cu hn hp gia b tng v

sn thp, trong sn thp c cu to dng tm gp np, nn gim bt chiu
dy v trng lng sn n mc ti a. u im ca loi sn ny l khng cn
s dng vn khun do tm thp bn di (va ng vai tr vn khun khi thi
cng, va ng vai tr thp nhp khi tham gia chu lc) lp b tng c ti ch
trn mt sn thp tng i mng. Kt cu sn nh vy s tng i nh v
cng c nh hng tch cc n s lm vic ca khung sn v nn mng cng
trnh. Ngoi ra, cu kin ca sn lin hp d gia cng, vn chuyn, lp rp n
gin, tc thi cng nhanh (tm thp bn di c sn xut hng lot cn
phn b tng bn trn vn thi cng ti ch ti cng trng nhng khng phi
tn cng lp dng cp pha sn b tng); phng ho tt, c kh nng chu
la n 2 gi khng cn lp bo v c bit v 4 gi nu c bc thm lp phng
chy (Hnh 1.5).

cT THP SN
Bn sn b tng ct thp

Tm thp,
t = 0,75-1 mm
DM THP HNH
CHT HN C M

Hnh 1.5: Kt cu sn lin hp s dng tn ln sng

Chiu dy ca sn lin hp t 10cm n 20cm, nhp t 2 n 4 m khi

khng c cc thanh chng tm khi b tng, v c th t n 7m khi c cc
thanh chng tm. Chiu dy ca tm tn t 0,75mm-1,5mm, trong thc t

11
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

thng dng t 0,75mm-1mm. Chiu cao ca mt ct tm tn t 40-80.

chng n mn, cc tm tn c m km trn hai mt. Gii hn n hi ca tm
tn l 300N/mm2.

Chiu dy ca ton b sn lin hp, h, khng c nh hn 80, chiu dy

ca ring phn b tng hc trn cc sn ca tm tn khng c nh hn 40
trnh s ph hoi dn v m bo lp bo v cho ct thp. Nu sn lm vic lin
hp vi dm hoc c s dng nh vch cng th chiu cao tng th khng
c nh hn 90 v chiu cao b tng hc khng c nh hn 50.

Yu cu i vi gi ta ca sn lin hp phi c b rng nh nht l 75mm

i vi cc loi gi thng i vi gi thng gp nh cnh ca dm thp.

Di tc dng ca ti trng ngoi, tm sn b bin dng un v sinh ra ng

sut trt ti b mt gia thp v b tng:

Nu lin kt gia b tng v tm tn thp m bo cho bin dng dc gia

tm tn v phn b tng tip xc vi tm tn l bng nhau th ta c lin kt hon
ton gia b tng v tm tn.

Nu tn ti s trt tng i gia tm tn v b tng dc theo b mt

tip xc, ta c lin kt khng hon ton.

a. Cc lin kt c hc

12
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

b. Cc lin kt bng ma st

c. Neo u sn d. Lm bin dng u sn tm tn

e. Mt ct s dng trong sn lin hp

Hnh 1.6: Cc dng to lin kt in hnh trong sn lin hp

13
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

hn ch s trt gia hai loi vt liu, cn phi m bo lin kt gia

tm tn v b tng bng mt hoc nhiu bin php sau (Hnh 1.6):

a. Lin kt c hc
bng cch to bin
dng trc cho tm
tn (to cc g chm
hoc g ni)

b. Neo u sn bng
cht hn hoc loi lin
kt cc b khc lin
kt gia b tng v
Hnh 1.7: Gia cng cht hn neo u sn
tm tn thp (Hnh 1.7).

Phn bit 2 dng trt b mt tip xc thp-b tng:

Trt cc b rt nh, khng nhn thy bng mt thng, nhng phn b

li ni lc lin kt.

Trt tng th ln ca b mt tip xc, c th o c v nhn thy c,

ph thuc vo lin kt gia thp v b tng.

Phn bit 3 dng lm vic ca sn lin hp (xem Hnh 1.8):

Tng tc hon ton gia b tng v thp: trt tng th gia

b mt thp v b tng bng khng, s truyn lc ct dc l
hon ton v ti trng cc hn Pu l ln nht. Hiu ng lin
hp l hon ton. S ph hoi c th l gin nu xy ra t
ngt, do nu xy ra t t.

Tng tc bng khng gia thp v b tng: trt tng th

gia thp v b tng khng b ngn cn v khng c s
truyn lc ct dc. Ti trng cc hn l nh nht, hiu ng

14
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

lin hp l rt yu, S ph hoi din ra t t.

P - ti trng

Pu Pu - Tng tc hon ton

Pu - Tng tc mt phn

Pu - Tng tc hon ton

Pf
ti trng khi c vt nt u tin

- vng

Hnh 1.8: S lm vic ca sn lin hp

Tng tc gia b tng v thp khng hon ton: trt tng

th gia thp v b tng khc khng nhng c gii hn. Lc
ct dc khng c truyn hon ton, ti trng cc hn c
gii hn trung gian, s ph hoi c th l dn hoc do.

Trong ba dng lm vic, cng ca cu kin, chnh l dc ca ng

cong ti trng vng phn u ca ng cong, l khng ging nhau.
cng ln nht ca sn ng vi tng tc hon ton v nh nht ng vi sn
tng tc bng khng.

C ba dng lin kt gia thp v b tng:

Lin kt l ha: nh, lun tn ti vi bt k loi tn no.

Lin kt bng ma st: xut hin khi lc trt cc b xy ra.

15
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Lin kt bng neo: lm vic khi xut hin lc trt dc cc

b v ph thuc vo hnh dng b mt lin kt.

S ph hoi sn lin hp c s dng tm tn sng c th xy ra theo mt

trong cc dng ph hoi sau (Hnh 1.9):

Dng ph hoi I. Ph hoi do m men gia nhp: xy ra vi

sn nhp ln v c bc lin kt cao gia b tng v ct thp.

Dng ph hoi II: Ph hoi do lc trt dc: xy ra khi t

ti kh nng chu lc ti hn gia b tng v ct thp. Ph
hoi theo tit din II dc theo chiu di trt Ls.

Dng ph hoi III: Ph hoi do trt ngang ti v tr cc gi

ta di tc dng ca lc ct: dng ph hoi ny ch xy ra
vi sn c nhp b, dy v chu ti trng ln.

Q Q
III I

II

Chiu di
trt dc

Hnh 1.9: Cc dng ph hoi sn lin hp

S ph hoi sn lin hp c th xy ra theo hai dng lm vic:

Dng ph hoi lm vic dn: s ph hoi xy ra t ngt,

khng c bin dng ln xy ra.

Ph hoi do: s ph hoi xy ra t t, km theo bin dng

ln, c du hiu bo trc.

Dng ph hoi dn hoc do ph thuc vo lin kt gia thp v b tng.

Sn vi tm tn c sn ng ni chung lm vic do, sn vi tm tn c sn

16
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

m ni chung lm vic gin. C th ci thin tnh cht lm vic ca tm tn

bng cc tc ng c hc nh to g v to l trn tn hoc hnh ui n. Cc
chi tit neo nh cht, thp gc cng nh hng n dng ph hoi. i vi sn
lin hp lm vic dn ta tnh vi h s an ton cao hn.

Tnh ton sn lin hp theo 2 giai on:

Giai on thi cng:

Khi ny tm tn thp s dng nh cp pha sn khi thi cng. Vic

tnh ton phi k n tc dng ca thanh chng sn nu c. Ngoi ra cn
cn k n tc dng ca cc g n kh nng chu lc v cc c trng tit
din ca tm tn.

Trong giai on ny, cc ti trng tc dng ln tm tn gm:

1. Trng lng bn thn ca b tng v ca tn thp

2. Ti trng thi cng bao gm trng lng cng nhn v trng

lng thit b b tng c k n s va chm hoc s rung ng
trong qu trnh thi cng. EC-4 a ra ti trng 1,5kN/m2 trong
phm vi din tch bt k 3mx3m (hoc c nhp nu nhp nh hn
3m) n tc ng ca ti trng thi cng v trng lng d ra ca
b tng. Phn din tch cn li chu tc ng ca ti trng c gi tr
l 0,75kN/m2. Cc ti trng ny c b tr sao cho xut hin m
men un v lc ct ln nht (Hnh 1.9A)

Trng lng bn thn dm thp

0,75 kN/m2 1,5 kN/m2 0,75 kN/m2

Hnh 1.10: Ti trng tc dng ln tm tn

17
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

3. Ti trng do cht vt liu lm kho tm thi

4. Hiu ng tng chiu dy b tng b li vng ca tn.

Nu vng gia nhp ca tn di tc dng ca trng lng bn
thn tn v trng lng ca va b tng ln hn L/250 hoc 20, th
cn phi tnh n hiu ng tng chiu dy b tng trong tnh ton
tm tn thp, v d gi thit rng chiu dy phn b tng tng thm
0,7 ln vng trn ton b nhp sn.

vng ca tn di trng lng bn thn tn cng vi trng

lng va b tng nhng loi tr ti trng thi cng, nh hn hoc bng
L/180 hoc 20. vng gim i nhiu nu dng cc thanh chng tm thi,
cc thanh chng ny c coi nh cc gi ta.

Giai on thc t lm vic:

Vic tnh ton ny trng thi sn lm vic lin hp sau khi

d b tt cc thanh chng.

Cc ti trng tc dng gm:

1. Trng lng bn thn (tn, ct thp, b tng).

2. Cc ti trng thng xuyn khc (trng lng cc cu kin

khng chu lc).

3. Phn lc thay i do d b cc thanh chng.

4. Do tc dng ca t bin, co ngt, chuyn v gi ta.

5. Tc ng ca kh hu (nhit , gi) ty tng trng hp.

6. Tc dng ca ti trng s dng.

Trng thi gii hn v s dng cn kim tra: vng,

trt tng i gia tn v b tng u nhp v c th cn kim
tra vt nt ca b tng.

18
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

- vng cho php ly theo EC-3 bng L/250 khi chu tc

ng ng thi ca tt c cc ti trng ln sn lin hp, bng L/300
khi chu tc dng ca ti trng s dng v tt c cc bin dng ph
thuc thi gian.

- Khng cn a vng ca tn gy ra bi trng lng tn

v trng lng va b tng trong tnh ton vng dm lin hp.
Thc ra vng ny c, khi ta thc hin phn xy dng vch
ngn, lt gch, lp khung ca ra vo v khung ca sv khng c
nh hng bt li n nhng cu kin . Hn na, y sn thng
c lp trn gi che nhng vng qu ln. Khi vng c nh
hng n thm m th cn phi cng thm vng ca tn vo
vng ca sn lin hp.

Cc lin kt trong kt cu lin hp phn b dc theo mt tip xc gia b

tng v thp hnh phi c kh nng truyn lc
trt dc gia tm an v thp hnh, b qua lc
ma st gia chng (Hnh 1.10). Trong xy dng
nh ca, kim tra s lm vic ny ch tin hnh
theo trng thi gii hn th nht.

Khng cn kim tra s nng tch ca bn

sn nu cc lin kt khng chu trc tip lc ko Hnh 1.10: Cht hn neo ti
v khi chng c sc bn chu ko t nht bng u sn
0,1 sc bn chu trt, cc cht hn c m u hon ton tha mn iu kin
ny.

19
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Tiu chun EC4 phn chia cc lin kt thnh hai loi do v khng do
(Hnh 1.11):

P (lc ct)

P (lc ct)

PRk

PRk

Bin dng trt

su
S S
(a) (b)

Hnh 1.11: Phn loi lin kt (alin kt do, blin kt khng do)

Mt lin kt c coi l do khi n c kh nng bin dng khi chu

trt ph hp gi thit lm vic do hon ton ca lin kt khi trt. Khi
kho st ng cong lc trt v bin dng trt ca mt lin kt, nh ngha
trn c ngha l ng cong c dng n do vi thm do tng ng vi sc
bn c trng PRk ca lin kt v kh nng bin dng trt ln su. Tiu chun
EC4 cho php mt lin kt c coi l do nu trt su ny bng hoc ln
hn 6mm, vi iu kin ph l phi c lin kt theo chiu di nhp dm.

i vi bn sn c, cc th nghim cho thy gi tr su 6 mm s tha mn

i vi cht hn nu cht ny c chiu cao h 4 d (d l ng knh cht) v nu
16 d 20.

i vi bn sn lin hp vi tn hnh mng th bin dng trt c th ln

hn, khi 10 su 15, vi iu kin l cht phi nh cao hn nh ca cc
sng tn.

20
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Cc dng lin kt khc c th xp vo loi lin kt do nh: bu lng cng

cao, thp gc c cnh mng c hn vo hoc thp gc b ngui dng lin
kt inh.

Ngc li cc lin kt thuc dng khi cng, cc thanh thp hnh ch T,

ch [, khi hp thuc din lin kt khng do, khi bin dng ca lin kt
ch do bin dng ca b tng khi chu p trn mt tip xc vi lin kt.

21
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

PHN NI DUNG
CHNG I : THIT K TI U DM LIN HP THEO EC-4

1.1. Thit k dm lin hp theo EC-4

Tiu chun Chu u Eurocode 4 (EN 1994-1-1:2004): Thit k kt cu lin

hp thp v b tng, c quc gia p dng chm nht vo thng 6/2005.

1.1.1. Vt liu

1.1.1.1. B tng

Khi thit k kt cu lin hp thp b tng theo tiu chun EC-4 c th ly

mc b tng theo TCXDVN 356:2005 tng ng vi lp bn ca b tng
theo EC-4 ri s dng l thuyt thit k theo EC-4 (Bng 2.1).
Eurocode - 4 TCVN 356:2005
C20/25 B25-M350
C25/30 B30-M400
C30/37 B35-M450
C35/45 B45-M600

Lp bn C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/45

fck(Pa) 20 25 30 35
fctm(Pa) 2,2 2,6 2,9 3,
fcm(Pa) 28 33 38 43
fctk,0,05(Pa) 1,5 1,8 2 2,2
Ecm(kPa) 29 30,5 32 33,5
Bng 2.1: So snh tng ng

Trong : fck cng chu nn b tng mu hnh tr 28 ngy tui.

Ecm m un n hi ct tuyn c k n tc ng ngn hn.

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Trong kt cu lin hp dng b tng thng thng nh trong kt cu b

tng ct thp. i vi b tng thng, theo quy nh ca EC-4 th dng mc b
tng t C20/25 n C50/60. Con s u sau ch C l cng ly i vi mu
hnh tr, con s sau l ly vi mu hnh lp phng.

Cng tnh ton chu nn ca b tng tnh nh sau:

Fcd=ccfck/c (1)

Trong : c h s k n c tnh ring ca b tng, ph thuc vo t

hp ti trng.

cc h s k n nhng tc ng lu di n sc bn nn v tc ng bt
li ca ti trng tc dng. Gi tr giao ng t 0,8-1,0 ty theo quy nh ca
tng nc. C th ly bng 1.

fck cng chu nn c trng khi nn mu b tng hnh tr 28 ngy

tui
T hp ti trng B tng Thp thanh v thp ng sut trc

C bn 1,5 1,15
c bit 1,3 1
Bng 2.2: H s c trng ring ca b tng

M un n hi ca tit din lin hp thp - b tng: xc nh m un

n hi, c trng ca tit din dm lin hp c ng nht ha theo t l i
vi thp (din tch tit din ng nht ha, m men qun tnh hnh hc ng
nht ha). H s tng ng thp-b tng c xc nh nh sau:

Ea
Trong : n= (gn ng ly n=6) (2)
E cm

Di tc ng ca cc tc dng di hn (trng lng bn thn ca kt cu

v cc hot ti di hn), b tng s chu cc bin dng khc hoc hin tng

23
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

mi, cc bin dng ny cng tng khi ng sut c gi tr ln, m cao, chiu
dy tm an nh, t l nc v xi mng ca b tng ln. T bin gy nn s
phn phi li ni lc trong qu trnh s dng, tm an truyn dn mt phn ni
lc ca chng ln dm thp. Mt cch n gin ha k n hin tng mi
do tc dng ca ti trng di hn l ngi ta gim gi tr ca m un tip tuyn
Ecm. Thng dng gi tr Ecm/3, nh vy h s quy i tng ng ca ti trng
di hn s l: n= 3 n

Phn ln cc cng trnh, ngoi cc iu chnh xc ha, vi mc ch an

ton v n gin ha trong phn tch cho php dng h s tng ng duy
nht ca gi tr trung gian: n= 2 n

Kch thc tiu chun cc ht ct liu trong b tng ph thuc vo kch

thc nh nht ca cu kin v khng c ln hn cc gi tr nh nht trong
cc gi tr sau:

a. 0,4 hc

b. bo / 3, trong bo l chiu rng trung bnh ca sn tm tn (l b

rng nh nht i vi tm tn c sn ng), mc ch ht ct liu c
th chui vo cc sn

c. 31,5mm (kch thc mt sng ry ct liu)

bo bo

hc hc
h h
hp hp
bb bb

Tm tn c sn m Tm tn c sn ng

Hnh 2.3: Khch thc ca sn v tm tn

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

1.1.1.2. Thp kt cu

Trong tiu chun EC4 trnh by cch tnh ton cc kt cu lin hp c

sn xut t thp mc thng thng S235, S275, S355. Thp IPE tiu chun Chu
u c th do cng ty TAN DAI PHAT STEEL v ArcelorMittal-Stainless
Service VietNam cung cp trn th trng Vit Nam.

1.1.1.3. Tm tn thp

TCVN 5709-1993 v thp cn nng dng cho xy dng. i chiu cc loi

thp trong hai tiu chun v theo quy nh ca EC4 nn dng thp Vit Nam c
cc mc t XCT38 tr ln.
bn Gii hn chy, N/mm2 cho d^n di, % cho
Mc
ko dy mm dy mm
thp
N/mm2 <20 >20-40 >40-100 <20 >20-40 >40-100
XCT38 380-500 240 230 220 26 25 23
XCT42 420-520 260 250 240 23 23 22
XCT52 520-620 360 350 350 22 22 21

Bng 2.4: Bng mc thp theo TCVN 5709-1993

Cng ty BLUESCOPE Lysaght Vit Nam c th cung cp cc tm sn

LYSAGHT BONDEK II lm vn khun v tham gia chu lc cng b tng, sn
xut t thp m km. Cc c tnh sn phm nh sau:

25
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Hnh 2.5: Tm tn sn ca BLUESCOPE Lysaght Vit Nam

dy danh ngha 0,75mm hoc 1,00mm BMT
Chiu cao sng 54mm
0,3kg/m2 ng vi 0,75mm v 13,6kg/m2
Trng lng danh ngha ng vi 1,00mm
Chiu rng hu dng danh
ngha 600mm
G550 Mpa ph hp vi BS EN 10147 v
Mc thp AS 1397
Loi m M km 275g/m2 hai mt
Ti trng chun 1,5 kPa
dy ti thiu cho sn b tng 110mm
Chiu di ti a 11,8m

Bng 2.6: c tnh ca tm tn sn BLUESCOPE Lysaght Vit Nam

1.1.1.4. Cht chu ct

Cc lin kt chu ct phn b dc theo mt tip xc gia b tng v thp, c

tc dng truyn lc trt dc gia tm an v phn thp nh hnh (tm thp sn
v dm thp).

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Cc dng cht chu ct nh sau:

Hnh 2.7a: Cc dng cht chu ct [2]

Trong cc dng cht trn hnh 2.7a, cht hn c m (cht u tin tnh t
tri sang) l loi cht c s dng ph bin.

Cht hn c m trong tm an c

Sc bn tnh ton ca mt cht c m c hn xung quanh chn ly theo

gi tr nh nht trong hai gi tr sau (ph hoi ca cht v ph hoi ca b tng
xung quanh cht) :
d h
d 2
PRd(1) = 0,8 f u / v (3)
4
Hnh 2.7b: Cht hn
PRd( 2 ) = 0,29d 2 f ck Ecm / v (4)
trong tm an c
Trong : d, h ng knh (d 22) v chiu cao ca cht

fu sc bn ko t ca thp lm cht

fck sc bn chu nn ca b tng theo mu tr

Ecm gi tr ca m un n hi tip tuyn ca b tng

h s iu chnh, =1 khi h/d > 4

v = 1,25 l h s an ton

27
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Cht hn c m trong tm an to bi tn ln sng:

Khi sng ca tm tn nh hnh t vung gc vi trc dc ca dm thp

th gi tr PRd cng thc (40) v (41) phi nhn vi h s iu chnh ly theo th
nghim sau:

bo h
r = (0,7 / N r1 / 2 ) 1 1
hp h (5)
p

iu ny k n nh hng khng li ca b tng bc quanh cht v ng

hn lin kt. Nr l s lng cc cht trong mt sng thuc ng thng giao
nhau ca tn v cnh trn ca dm thp. Ly gi tr ca Nr 2 ngay c khi thc
t s cht ln hn 2. Ngoi ra khi Nr 2 v cht c hn theo chiu ngang ca
tn th ly r 0,8 vi mc ch an ton.

Trng hp mt sn ca tm tn song song vi trc ca dm thp nh

dm bin ca sn, h s iu chnh c tnh nh sau:

bo h
r = 0,6 1 1
hp h (6)
p

B tng sn

Thp hnh

Hnh 2.7c: Cht hn trong tm an to bi tn nh hnh

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

1.1.2. S tnh
Trong lun n, chn s thit k mt dm n gin hai u khp chu ti
trng phn b u:

pd

Gii php cu to dm lin hp l dm n gin. Trng hp ny, trong

dm ch c mmen dng nn c cc u im sau so vi dm lin hp lin tc
nh sau:

- Vng chu ng sut nn dc trc ca bn bng dm l rt t; ng thi bn

cnh nn c lin kt vi bn sn b tng ct thp hoc bn thp; do vy kh
nng chu lc ca dm khng ph thuc bi iu kin mt n nh ca dm thp.

- Bn bng chu ng sut nh hn nn c th to cc l bn bng.

- Mmen un v lc ct trong dm c xc nh n gin v khng nh

hng do b tng nt, t bin v lo ho.

- Bn sn b tng hu nh khng chu ko; mmen trong ct nh hn nu

c cc h ging v vch cng chu ti trng ngang.

- Khng c nh hng gia cc nhp dm; phn tch ni lc trong h kt

cu nhanh hn.

Tuy nhin, dm lin hp n gin c cc nhc im sau: vng gia

nhp dm v b rng khe nt gi ln; chiu cao tit din dm yu cu ln hn.

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Hnh 2.7: S b tr sn

b tng ct thp

DM ph

DM chnh

Hnh 2.8: Mt ct h dm sn lin hp vi dm ph v dm chnh

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

DM chnh

B
DM ph DM ph

B
DM ph DM ph

B
DM ph DM ph

B
DM ph
DM chnh

DM chnh
DM chnh
li

B
DM ph

B
DM ph

DM ph

B
DM ph DM ph

B
DM ph DM ph

B
DM ph DM ph

B
DM ph DM ph
B

DM ph DM ph
B

DM chnh
L L

Hnh 2.9: Mt bng h dm sn lin hp vi dm ph v dm chnh

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

1.1.3. Cc gii hn khi thit k dm lin hp

Tiu chun Vit Nam cha ban hnh tiu chun thit k kt cu lin hp
nn m un thit k dm lin hp c da trn tiu chun Eurocode 4.
a. Gi tr mmen trong giai on thi cng phi tha mn:
MSd Mpl, a, Rd (7)
Trong MSd l m men ln nht ca dm trong giai on thi
cng, Mpl, a, Rd l kh nng chu un do ca dm thp.
b. Gi tr mmen trong giai on s dng (composite) phi tha
mn:
MSd Mpl, Rd (8)
Trong MSd l m men ln nht ca dm trong giai on s
dng, Mpl, Rd l kh nng chu un do ca dm lin hp lin kt
chu ct hon ton, Mpl, Rd ph thuc vo loi tit din v v tr
trc trung ha do.
c. Gi tr lc ct trong giai on s dng(composite) phi tha
mn:
VSd Vpl, Rd (9)
Trong VSd l lc ct ln nht ca dm trong giai on s
dng, Vpl, Rd l sc bn chu ct ca dm thp.
d. iu kin chuyn v phi tha mn:

5 pL4
y = y
384 E a I
(10)

Trong y l chuyn v ca dm thp, y l chuyn v cho

php ca dm xc nh theo tiu chun thit k.

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

1.1.4. Kim tra theo trng thi gii hn th I

1.1.4.1. Chiu rng lm vic ca tm sn

Khi chu un, mt phn tm an ca sn b tng s tham gia lm vic cng

vi dm thp to thnh tit din dng ch T. Da theo gi thuyt cn bng
din tch a gic, coi nh ng sut php ln nht phn b u trn b rng tham
gia lm vic beff.

eff

be1 be2

b1 b1 b2 b2

Hnh 2.10: Chiu rng lm vic ca tm sn

beff = be1 + be2 (11)

bei = min ( lo/8 , bi ) (12)

Trong lo l nhp dm n gin

1.1.4.2. Phn loi tit din ngang

Khi kho st s lm vic ca dm lin hp di ti trng, ty theo kh

nng xoay ca tit din chu un m chia lm 4 loi tit din:

Loi 1: Tit din c kh nng pht trin m men bn do vi kh nng xoay

hnh thnh khp do.

Loi 2: Tit din c kh nng pht trin m men bn do nhng vi kh

nng xoay hn ch.

Loi 3 hoc 4: Khi do hin tng cong vnh cc b trong vng nn ca

33
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

dm thp, ng sut ca nhng th chu ti ln khng th vt qu gii hn n

hi tnh ton fy/ a i vi tit din loi 3, hoc nh hn gi tr ny i vi tit
din loi 4.

Theo EC-4, bn bng tit din loi 3 c bc b tng c th coi nh bn

bng loi 2, trong trng hp khng c bc b tng, ch c th chuyn thnh
loi 2 khi chp nhn chiu cao hu hiu chu nn l hai ln 20t .

Thp hnh I/H Loi 1 Loi 2

Cnh Thp c c
10 11
cn t t
(10 ) (15 )
t
c

T hp c c
9 10
hn t t
(9 ) (14 )
t
c

Bng 0,5 0,5

d 396 d 456

t 13 1 t 13 1
t
d
d
< 0,5 < 0,5
d 36 d 41,5

t t
Bng 2.11: Phn loi tit din cho bn cnh v bn bng

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

235
Trong h s : =
fy

Khi tit din chu m men dng, tt c cc cnh chu nn ca dm thp

nu c lin kt vi tm an bng cc lin kt c b tr theo cc khong
cch thch hp (nh hn 20t i vi tm sn c v 5t i vi tm sn c sn
vung gc vi dm), c th coi nh tit din loi 1

Khi trc trung ha do nm trong tm sn hay trong bn cnh dm m bn

cnh ny c mnh thuc loi 1 v c lin kt vi tm sn th c th coi c
tit din lin hp l loi 1 bi v khi bn bng hon ton chu ko.

Trong trng hp trc trung ha i qua bn bng, tit din lin hp c

coi nh loi 2 v s tng p mt ca tm sn gy nn phn trn ca tit din, lm
hn ch kh nng quay ca ca tit din.

1.1.4.3. Sc bn ca tit din i vi m men un

Kho st cc tit din thuc loi 1 v 2 chu m men dng. Sc bn chu

un ca tit din c tnh ti m men tnh ton do

Khi xc nh m men bn do chp nhn cc gi thit sau:

a. Lin kt trong nhp gia tm sn v dm thp l lin kt hon ton,

tm sn b tng c th t n sc bn ln nht ca chng.

b. Tt c cc th ca dm thp, k c cc th nm ngay st trc trung

ha u ha do do ko hoc nn.

c. ng sut trong vng b tng chu nn l phn b u v bng

0,85fck/ c. H s 0,85 n s sai khc gia cng nhn c
khi th nghim mu hnh tr v sc bn thc ca kt cu do: cht ti
di hn ln kt cu, s c mt ca ng sut tip trong tit din tnh
ton, s khng ng u v iu kin gii hn ca b tng.

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

d. B qua sc bn chu ko ca b tng.

e. S lm vic ca ct thp c th b qua khi tm sn chu nn. Trong

tm sn lin hp khng tnh n tm tn chu nn.

Kho st trng hp bn sn lin hp b tng c. Chiu cao ln nht ca

b tng vng nn l chiu dy hc ca tm sn tnh t nh ca sng tn, chiu
cao ca sng k hiu hp. Cc cng thc vn dng c trong trng hp tm sn
c khi cho hp=0. Cng thc c thit lp cho dm thp dng ch I i xng.

1.1.4.3.1. Trng hp dm l thp hnh cn nng

Kh nng chu un ca dm hnh cn nng c xc nh theo tiu chun

EC-3 nh sau:

a. Trng hp 1 trc trung ha nm trong bn b tng

K hiu ln lt Fa v Fc l sc bn do ca thp hnh khi chu ko v ca

bn b tng khi chu nn.

Fa = Aa fy / a (13)

Fc = hc beff ( 0,85 fck / c ) (14)

Trong Fa din tch thp hnh

Trng hp 1 xy ra khi: Fc > Fa

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

0,85 f ck / c
beff
Fc1
hc z Trc T.H do
hp

h a /2
ha Fa

h a /2

fy / a

Hnh 2.12: Biu ng sut do khi trc trung ha i qua bn b tng

V tr ca trc trung ha do so vi mt trn ca bn sn z c tnh theo

cng thc:

Fa
z= hc (15)
beff 0,85 f ck / c

Tnh ton m men bn theo hp lc ca vng thp chu ko:

Mpl,Rd = Fa ( ha /2 + hc +hp z/2 ) (16)

b. Trng hp 2 trc trung ha i qua cnh ca dm thp

Trng hp 2 xy ra khi Fc < Fa, r rng khi khong cch ca trc trung
ha z s ln hn chiu dy tm an hc, nhng trc trung ha nm trn cnh
dm thp, c chiu dy tf v chiu rng bf, cn tha mn iu kin ph sau:

( Fa - b f t f f y / a ) Fc b f t f f y / a (17)

Fa Fc 2 bf tf fy / a (18)

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

ck c
beff
Fc
hc z
hp Trc T.H do
Fa1
h a /2
ha Fa2

h a /2
tf
bf

fy / a fy / a

Hnh 2.13: Biu US do khi trc trung ha i qua cnh dm thp

Khong cch z c tnh ton d dng khi coi ng sut trong cnh chu nn
ca dm thp bng 2fy / a , cn Fa coi nh tng ca cc ng sut ko trong dm
thp hnh t ti trng tm ca dm. Ta rt ra khong cch z t phng trnh
cn bng:

Fa - b f ( z h c ) f y / a = Fc + b f ( z h c ) f y / a (19)

Fa = Fc + 2 bf ( z hc ) fy / a (20)

tnh m men bn do ca tit din ta lp phng trnh vi trng tm b

tng vng nn:

M = Fa ( ha /2 + hc/2 ) z [ bf ( z hc ) fy / a ] (21)

Mpl,Rd = Fa ( ha /2 + hc/2 + hp ) (z +hp)[( Fa Fc ) /2] (22)

c. Trng hp 3 trc trung ha i qua bn bng ca dm thp

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

ck c
beff
Fc
hc
hp z Fa1
Trc T.H do

zw
ha Fa2
tw
h a /2

fy / fy /
Hnh 2.14: Biu US do khi TTH i qua bng dm thp

Trng hp 3 xy ra khi Fc < Fa v Fa Fc > 2 bf tf fy / a (23)

n gin khi trnh by, gi thit rng trc trung ha nm di ch un

cong mp bn bng nu dm l nh hnh cn. Phn chiu cao chu ko ca
bn bng nm trn trng tm ca thp hnh zw khi coi ng sut bng 2fy/ a trn
chiu cao ny v ng sut phn b u fy/ a trn ton b chiu cao ha.

Fc
zw = (24)
2t w f a / a

M men bn c tnh ton so vi trng tm ca thp hnh:

Mpl,Rd = Mapl + Fc ( ha /2 + hc /2 + hp ) Fc zw /2
(25)

hoc Mpl,Rd = Mapl + Fc ( ha /2 + hc /2 + hp ) Fc2 / ( 4 tw fy / a )

(26)

Trong Mapl l m men bn do c cho trong bng ca thp hnh cn.

1.1.4.3.2. Trng hp dm l dm t hp c tit din ch I

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Kh nng chu un ca dm t hp c lp da theo tnh ton ca tiu

chun EC-3 nh sau:

a. Trng hp 1 trc trung ha nm trong bn b tng

0,85 f ck / c
beff
Fc1
hc z Trc T.H do
hp

h a /2
ha Fa
tw

tf
h a /2

bf fy / a
Hnh 2.15: Biu ng sut do khi trc trung ha i qua bn b tng

Fa = [ 2 bf tf + ( ha 2 tf ) tw ]fy / a (27)

Fc = hc beff ( 0,85 fck / c ) (28)

Trng hp 1 xy ra khi: Fc > Fa

V tr ca trc trung ha do so vi mt trn ca bn sn z c tnh theo

cng thc:

Fa
z= hc (29)
beff 0,85 f ck / c

Tnh ton m men bn theo hp lc ca vng thp chu ko:

Mpl,Rd = Fa ( ha /2 + hc +hp z/2 ) (30)

b. Trng hp 2 trc trung ha i qua cnh ca dm thp

Fa = [ 2 bf tf + ( ha 2 tf ) tw ]fy / a (31)

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Fc = hc beff ( 0,85 fck / c ) (32)

Trng hp 2 xy ra khi Fc < Fa, iu kin ph:

Fa Fc 2 bf tf fy / a (33)

0,85 f ck / c
beff
Fc
hc z
hp Trc T.H do
Fa1
h a /2
ha Fa2
tw

tf
h a /2

bf

fy / a fy / a

Hnh 2.16: Biu US do khi trc trung ha i qua cnh dm thp

Ta rt ra khong cch z t phng trnh cn bng:

Fa = Fc + 2 bf ( z hc ) fy / a (34)

tnh m men bn do ca tit din ta lp phng trnh vi trng tm b

tng vng nn:

Mpl,Rd = Fa ( ha /2 + hc/2 + hp ) (z +hp)[( Fa Fc ) /2]

(35)

c. Trng hp 3 trc trung ha i qua bn bng ca dm thp

Fa = [ 2 bf tf + ( ha 2 tf ) tw ]fy / a (36)

Fc = hc beff ( 0,85 fck / c ) (37)

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

0,85 f ck / c
beff
Fc
hc
hp z Fa1
Trc T.H do

zw
ha Fa2
tw

tf
h a /2

bf

fy / a fy / a

Hnh 2.17: Biu US do khi TTH i qua bng dm thp

Trng hp 3 xy ra khi Fc < Fa v Fa Fc > 2 bf tf fy / a (38)

Fc
zw = (32)
2t w f a / a

M men bn c tnh ton so vi trng tm ca dm thp t hp:

Mpl,Rd = Mapl + Fc ( ha /2 + hc /2 + hp ) Fc zw /2 (39)

hoc Mpl,Rd = Mapl + Fc ( ha /2 + hc /2 + hp ) Fc2 / ( 4 tw fy / a ) (40)

Trong : Mapl = tw (ha 2 tf)3 /12 + bf tf3 /6 + bf tf (ha tf) /2 (41)

1.1.4.4. bn ca tit din khi chu lc ct

Trong thc t gi thit lc ct ch c tip nhn bi bn bng ca dm

thp, ging nh tit din khng phi l lin hp. iu kin bn khi chu lc ct
c dng:

VSd Vpl.Rd (42)

Trong sc bn do Vpl.Rd = Av ( fy / 3 a ) (43)

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Av l din tch ca bn bng, i vi thp hnh I, H cn th mt phn ca

bn cnh ch ni cong vi bn bng s chu mt phn ng sut ng sut ct, khi
Av s c tnh nh sau:

Av = Aa 2 bf tf + ( tw + 2 r ) tf (44)

Trc khi kim tra iu kin bn khi chu lc ct, iu kin n nh cc b

ca cc bn bng cn c m bo. Xt trng hp ph bin, khi bn bng
khng c cc sn ng trung gian, iu kin n nh c dng:

d 235
69 = 69 (45)
tw fy

Trong d l chiu cao ca bn bng, phn thng ca bn bng i vi

dm cn.

1.1.5. Tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn th II

Kim tra vng khi thi cng

Khi ny, cc ti trng trong qu trnh thi cng tc dng ln sn, sau
truyn ln dm, xem chi tit mc 3 phn m u. Vic tnh ton vng cn
phi k n cc thanh chng dm nu c. Nu nhp dm l L th vng l:

5 p1 L4
y = (46)
384 E 1a I1

Trong p1 - Ti trng phn b u trong qu trnh thi cng

E1a - M un n hi ca dm thp

I1 M men qun tnh ca dm thp

Kim tra vng khi s dng

Khi ny, cc ti trng trong qu trnh s dng tc dng ln sn, sau

truyn ln dm, xem chi tit mc 3 phn m u. Cc thanh chng dm khng

43
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

c. Khi s dng, dm lm vic lin hp vi sn. Nu nhp dm l L, c lin

kt hon ton th vng l:

5 p2 L4
y = (47)
384 E 2 a I 2

Trong p2 - Ti trng phn b u trong qu trnh s dng

E2a - M un n hi ca dm lin hp

I2 M men qun tnh ca dm lin hp

vng cho php

vng ca dm lin hp cng ly nh i vi dm thp, gi tr ca

vng thng ng cho dm lin hp ni chung l L/250.

Thc t cho thy trong h dm sn nh vng thng tha mn khi t s

gia nhp ca dm v chiu cao ton b tit din nm trong khong sau (dm
c kim tra theo trng thi ph hng), vi dm n gin, t 15-18 i vi dm
chnh, t 18-20 i vi dm ph.

1.1.6. Sc bn tnh ton ca cc lin kt chu ct

Thit k lin kt ca dm n gin trng hp lin kt hon ton

Mt dm n gin chu mt ti trng phn b u pd

K hiu chiu di ti hn Lcr l chiu di gia hai tit din ti hn hoc

chiu di AB, BC trn hnh v trn.

M men bn do c th t c tit din trung gian B v tit din ny

lun thuc loi 1. Khi xc nh lc ct dc Vlf tc dng trn mi chiu di ti
hn. Thc t, dm thp c sc bn do khi chu ko nh hn, hay ln hn sc
bn do ca bn sn khi chu nn, Vlf c tnh theo cng thc:

Vlf = min ( Aafy/ a ; 0,85 beff hc fck / c ) (48)

44
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

A pd B pd C

L/2 L/2

Cc lin kt do gi thit c tip nhn n ni lc PRd, t tnh c s

lng lin kt cn thit trn chiu di ti hn, cui cng nhn c mt lin kt
hon ton:

Nf(AB) = Nf(BC) = Vlf / PRd (49)

Ngoi ra cc lin kt ny c th c b tr vi khong cch u nhau trn

mi chiu di ti hn nu chiu di Lcr c gii hn nht nh.

1.2. Thit k ti u dm lin hp

Kt cu dm lin hp thng c thit k da trn kinh nghim theo

phng php th-sai nn thng khng tit kim vt liu.
Vi thit k hp l cc k s thit k cng ch chn c phng n hp l
v kh nng chu lc ca dm, tuy nhin trong rt nhiu phng n hp l khng
a ra c phng n no l kinh t nht.
Thit k ti u da trn thut ton ti u tm ra mt gii php thit k
hp l nht, c chi ph vt liu thp nht hoc/v thi gian thi cng nhanh nht.
Nh vy so vi thit k hp l, thit k ti u ha a ra mt gii php duy
nht, mang li hiu qu cao nht.
Vi s pht trin ca ton hc cc thut ton ti u ngy cng a dng.
Thut ton tin ha da trn thuyt tin ha ca Darwin, thuyt ny cho rng
qu trnh tin ha t nhin l qu trnh hon ho nht, hp l nht v qua thc t

45
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

c th/th h sau bao gi cng tt hn, pht trin hn, hon thin hn c th/th
h trc. Tin ha t nhin c duy tr nh hai qu trnh c bn l sinh sn v
chn lc t nhin. Xuyn sut qu trnh tin ho t nhin, cc th h mi lun
c sinh ra b sung thay th th h c, khi c th no pht trin hn,
thch ng hn vi mi trng s tn ti, ngc li c th no khng thch ng
c vi mi trng s b o thi.
Trong thit k dm lin hp cc c th b o thi do cc iu kin rng
buc nh rng buc v cng , rng buc v vng.

1.3 . Ti u dm lin hp vi mt bin l thp hnh cn nng

S bi ton:

3000
DM Tnh ton

3000

10000

10000

46
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Bi ton c nghin cu l ti u tit din dm lin hp trong bin

c chn t bng din tch tit din ngang, v kt cu ch c mt phn t l
dm n gin, c coi l bi ton n gin.
Hm mc tiu: Cs = As L

Trong : L l nhp dm, l trng lng n v ca thp hnh. Bin thit

k ti u As c la chn trong bng tit din thp hnh theo tiu chun Chu
u (c cng ty Tn i Pht cung cp trn th trng), thu c cc nghim
tha mn bi ton thit k dm lin hp sau y:

S hiu h (mm) b (mm) tw (mm) tf (mm) KL

thp (kg)

IPE A 400 397 180 7 12 540

IPE 400 400 180 8,6 13,5 630

HE 280B 280 280 10,5 18 990

(*) Tnh ton c th xem phn ph lc tnh ton

Nh vy vi mc tiu ti u chi ph dm lin hp th loi thp hnh cn

nng: IPE A 400, c khi lng nh nht bng 54 kg/m l tha mn.

1.4. Ti u dm lin hp tm bc dm hp l
S bi ton:

47
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

B
DM ph DM ph DM ph

12000
nxB
DM ph DM ph DM ph

B
B

DM ph DM ph DM ph

12000
nxB

DM ph DM ph DM ph
B
B

DM ph DM ph

60000
12000
nxB

DM ph DM ph

li
B
B

DM ph DM ph DM ph

12000
nxB

DM ph DM ph DM ph
B
B

DM ph DM ph DM ph
12000
nxB

DM ph DM ph DM ph
B

10000 10000 10000

30000

Hnh 2.17: Mt bng kt cu bi ton hai bin s

48
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Bi ton c a ra vi mc ch nhm mc ch tm c bc/s lng

ca dm ph mi nhp tng trng lng ca dm l nh nht.
Bin thit k ti u As c la chn trong bng tit din thp hnh theo
tiu chun Chu u IPE.
Bin bc dm c chn l c s ca nhp 12m. Kt qu tnh ton c
th hin bng v th di y:
Bc SL SL S hiu h b tw tf Khi Tng
dm dm 1 dm thp (mm) (mm) (mm) lng KL
(mm)
(m) nhp ton mi (Tn)
cng dm
trnh (kg)

IPE A
2,0 6 84 360 357,6 170 6,6 11,5 480 40,32

IPE
2,4 5 70 360 360 170 8 12,7 549 38,43

IPE A
3,0 4 56 400 397 180 7 12 544 30,46

IPE O
4,0 3 42 450 500 200 12 19 894 37,55

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

2.19: th lin h gia khi lng dm v bc dm

Nhn vo th ta c th kt lun rng khi khng s dng thanh chng tm

khi thi cng th nn chn khong cch dm khong 3m trng lng dm l
nh nht.

50
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

CHNG II : TI U DM LIN HP DA
THEO THEO THUT TON TIN HA VI
PHN
phn trc, bi ton thit k ti u c mt bin l thp hnh cn nng
c la chn trong bng thp hnh c nh sn xut thp cung cp, nghim
ca bi ton c tm ra da trn qu trnh lp chn c tit din thp hnh
cn nng c trng lng nh nht v c tng trng lng nh nht trong mt
bn sn.

phn ny, chng ta s xem xt n bi ton phc tp hn, thp hnh l

thp c t hp t cc bn thp c nh sn xut cung cp trn th trng
(thp hnh t hp), trng hp ny bi ton c bn bin s l bn kch thc ca
tit din thp hnh. Ta s dng thut ton tin ha to ra cc tit din thp
hnh t danh mc cc thp tm, tit din tha mn cc iu kin s dng, cc
yu cu kin trc xy dng, cc rng buc thit k v c trng lng nh nht l
nghim ca bi ton cn tm.

2.1. Lch s thut ton

Trong nhng nm gn y vic s dng thut ton tin ho trong bi ton
ti u c nhiu ngi quan tm nghin cu, do nhng u im ni tri ca
n. Bi ton ti u kt cu xut hin khi trong nhiu phng n kh thi, kt cu
phi tha mn thm mt s iu kin nh ti thiu trng lng, m bo
cng, hiu qu kinh t.
Thut ton tin ha vi phn xut hin do nhng n lc ca Ken Price
gii quyt nhng vn v ph hp a thc ca Chebychev, vn c Rainer
Storn giao cho ng. Mt bc t ph xy ra, khi Ken a ra tng s dng
vc t khc bit lm xo trn qun th vc t, k t khi tng c hnh thnh,
nhiu cuc tho lun si ni gia Ken v Rainer din ra lin tc v s ng

51
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

dng my tnh mang li rt nhiu nhng ci tin quan trng, lm cho tin ha
vi phn tr thnh cng c linh hot v mnh m nh ngy nay. Cng ng DE
c pht trin t u nhng nm 1994-1996 v ngy cng nhiu hn nhng
ngi nghin cu DE. Hai nh khoa hc Ken v Rainer, c mt mong mun
mnh m l DE c th pht trin khng ngng, tr gip ngi dng nhiu hn
trong cuc sng hng ngy, mong mun l nguyn nhn ng dng DE khng
c cp bt k bng sng ch no.
Thut ton tin ho l khi nim dng ch cc chng trnh my tnh c
s dng thut ton tm kim v ti u da trn nguyn l tin ho t nhin. C
nhiu thut ton v ang c nghin cu song tiu biu l cc thut ton:
- Quy hoch tin ho (EP, Fogel, 1995).
- Chin lc tin ho (ES, Rechenberg, 1994; Schwefel, 1995).
- Thut ton di truyn (GA, Holland, 1975; Goldberg, 1989).
- Chin lc di truyn (GP, Koza, 1992; Banzhaf, 1998).
- Tin ho vi phn (DE, K. Price-R. Storn, 1997).

Trc thi gian cc thut ton tin ha

Thut ton tin ho ni chung da trn quan nim cho rng, qu trnh tin
ho t nhin l qu trnh hon ho nht, hp l nht, v t n mang tnh ti
u. Tin ho t nhin c duy tr nh hai qu trnh c bn: sinh sn v chn lc
t nhin. Xuyn sut qu trnh tin ho t nhin, cc th h mi lun c sinh
ra b sung thay th th h c. C th no pht trin hn, thch ng hn vi
mi trng s tn ti. C th no khng thch ng c vi mi trng s b o
thi. Cc c th mi sinh ra trong qu trnh tin ho nh s lai ghp th h cha-
m. Mt c th mi c th mang nhng tnh thuc tnh ca cha-m (di truyn),

52
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

cng c th mang thuc tnh hon ton mi (t bin). Cc thut ton tin ho,
tuy c nhng im khc bit, nhng u m phng bn qu trnh c bn:
- Php lai ghp l qu trnh hnh thnh nhim sc th mi trn c s nhim
sc th cha-m, bng cch ghp mt hay nhiu on gen ca hai (hay nhiu)
nhim sc th cha-m vi nhau.
- t bin l hin tng c th con mang mt (s) thuc tnh khng c
trong m di truyn ca cha-m. Php t bin xy ra vi xc xut nh hn rt
nhiu so vi xc xut lai ghp.
- Php ti sinh l qu trnh trong cc c th c sao chp trn c s
thch nghi ca c th .
- Php chn l qu trnh loi b cc c th xu trong qun th ch gi li
trong qun th cc c th tt.

2.2. Thut ton tin ha vi phn DE

Nm 1997, thut ton tin ha vi phn c gii thiu bi K. Price and R.

Storn. tng chnh ca thut ton DE-A l s dng cc vc t vi phn trong
vic to nn cc c th mi tm ra cc gii php ti u hn. i vi mi tp
hp, DE-A tin hnh lp thng qua tp hp cc c th (qun th) to ra cc c
th mi bi vc-t t bin v mt bin th ca trao i cho.

Tin ha vi phn (DE) c bt u t mt qun th u tin Px,g. Qun th

u tin c s lng c th bng s kiu gen nhn vi h s N, N nm trong
khong t 5-15. Cc gen ca cc c th thuc qun th u tin c hnh thnh
t gii hn ca c th theo cng thc: min+(max-min).random(0,1)

T qun th u tin Px,g, cch lm theo thut ton DE to ra cc c th

mi ca th h th nht nh sau:

- Chn ngu nhin ba c th thuc qun th u tin, trong mt c th

c chn lm c s.

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

- Cc gen ca ba c th c lai ghp, t bin, giao cho, la chn hnh

thnh nn mt c th mi.

Hnh 2.19: Hnh thnh gen mi

- So snh c th mi v c th c s trn la chn ra c th tt hn

theo nguyn l chn lc: (a) nu c hai c th so snh sng st, c th c gi tr
hm mc tiu tt hn c chn, (b) nu c hai c th so snh, mt sng st v
mt khng sng st th c th sng st c la chn, (c) nu c hai c th so
snh l khng sng st th c th no c t hn ch hn c la chn.

- Qu trnh chn lc s hnh thnh c cc c th ca th h u tin c

hm mc tiu tt hn th h khi to.

- Lp li qu trnh trn n th h, s tm c c th c hm mc tiu tt

nht thuc th h th n.

54
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

1. La chn vc t mc tiu 2b. La chn ngu nhin vc t th 3

2a. La chn ngu nhin 2 vc t khc

Qun th
x 0,g x 1,g x 2,g x 3,g x ...,g x Np-2,g x Np-1,g
P x,g
f (x 0,g) f (x 1,g ) f (x 2,g) f (x 3,g ) f (x ...,g ) f (x Np-2,g) f (x Np-1,g)
Vc t tham
s x Np-1,g
(Vc t mc tiu) 3. Vc t mi
x r1,g + - x r2,g
Gi tr hm mc
x F (F<1) tiu f ( x Np-1,g )
4. Cng vo vc t c s
+ (Vc t c s_ x r3,g)
+

Qun th t
v 0,g v 1,g v 2,g v 3,g v ...,g v Np-2,g v Np-1,g
bin Pv,g
f (v 0,g) f (v 1,g ) f (v 2,g) f (v 3,g) f (v ...,g ) f (v Np-2,g) f (v Np-1,g)

Giao CF
cho (CF<1)

Qun th th
u 0,g u 1,g u 2,g u 3,g u ...,g u Np-2,g u Np-1,g nghim Pu,g
f (u 0,g) f (u 1,g ) f (u 2,g) f (u 3,g ) f (u ...,g ) f (u Np-2,g) f (u Np-1,g)

La chn 5. Nu f (x 1,g ) < f (u 1,g ) ; x 1,g+1 = x 1,g ; x 1,g+1 = u 1,g

Qun th th
x 0,g+1 x 1,g+1 x 2,g+1 x 3,g+1 x...,g+1 xNp-2,g+1 xNp-1,g+1
h mi Px,g+1
f (x 0,g+1) f (x 1,g+1 ) f (x 2,g+1) f (x 3,g+1) f (x...,g+1) f (x Np-2,g+1) f (x Np-1,g+1)

Hnh 2.18: S thut ton DE

2.3. Cc bin s

Trong bi ton thit k ti u chi ph ca kt cu dm lin hp, c dm thp

l dm t hp, c nhiu bin s cn quan tm nh (1) kch thc hnh hc cu
kin nh nhp, khong cch gia cc dm (2) cng chu nn ca b tng, (3)
chiu dy ca sn b tng, (4) cng ca thp, (5) i vi dm t hp: kch

55
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

thc hnh hc ca tit din dm thp tit din ch I t hp nh chiu cao bn

bng (hw), chiu dy bn bng (tw), b rng bn cnh (bf), chiu dy bn cnh
(tf), (6) ng knh , s lng v cng ca cht.

gim mc phc tp ca bi ton thit k ti u, mt s cc bin s

(1), (2), (3), (4) v (6) c nh hng khng nhiu n chi ph s c coi nh l
hng s. Bng 1 trnh by cc bin s ca bi ton thit k ti u. Cc bin s
ny s c ly ngu nhin trong mt khong gii hn c nh ngha bi quy
nh thit k v kch thc ph thuc vo danh mc cc thp tm cho trc.

tw
hw

tf

bf

Bn bin s - dm t hp

Hnh 3.2: M hnh bin s

Bin s tf bf tw hw

Gii hn tfmin tfmax bfmin bfmax twmin twmax hwmin hwmax

2.4. Hm mc tiu
Vi cc bin xc nh, hm mc tiu c xc nh da trn vic ti
thiu ha chi ph ca dm. Hm chi ph l ti thiu trng lng ca dm thp
trong khi ng thi tha mn c cc iu kin rng buc v m bo chu lc
trong giai on thi cng cng nh trong giai on s dng v iu kin m bo
yu cu v s dng.

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Hm mc tiu chnh l cc tiu khi lng dm lin hp. N c biu

din nh sau:
Qs = As L (52)

Trong : L l nhp dm, l trng lng n v ca thp hnh.

2.5. Cc rng buc ti u
Cui mi bc lp, dm t hp c phn tch nh gi cc iu kin
rng buc nh mmen tnh ton nh hn kh nng chu mmen ca dm trong
giai on thi cng cng nh trong giai on s dng, lc ct nh hn kh nng
chu ct ca dm v vng phi nh hn vng cho php. Do tiu chun
Vit Nam cha ban hnh tiu chun thit k kt cu lin hp nn m un thit
k dm t hp c da trn tiu chun Eurocode 4. Mi vng lp, kt cu cn
phi phn tch kim tra cc rng buc, v d nh rng buc v ng sut,
chuyn v, n nh tng th cng nh n nh cc b.
2.5.1. Rng buc ca bin

Bn bin l khch thc ca cnh v bng dm t hp. Cc bin thit k

c gii hn bi bin trn v bin di bi iu kin s dng, iu kin v n
nh ca dm thp v danh mc cc thp tm.

Chiu cao h ca dm c gii hn:

hmin h hmax (3.1)

hmax c xc nh t yu cu s dng trong nhim v thit k. Gi thit

chiu cao mi tng nh bng 3,6m; chiu cao thng thy yu cu bng 2,9m;
chiu cao h thng M&E bng 300. Vy chiu cao ln nht ca dm thp hmax =
400.

Chiu dy tw ca bn bng dm, cng b th dm cng nh v hiu qu

kinh t cng cao. Chiu dy nh nht ca bng dm trong trng hp khng gia
cng bng sn bng 6mm.

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Chiu dy tf ca cnh dm hn ly ln hn chiu dy bn bng dm,

thng nm trong khong t 12-24mm.

Chiu rng b ca cnh dm c xc nh t iu kin n inh cc b, n

nh tng th v lp dng. Chiu rng cnh dm cn tha mn iu kin sau:

180 b 30t f (3.4)

Da theo phn danh mc thp tm trn th trng, ta lp c khong gi

tr cho bn bin nh sau:

Bin s hW bf tw tf

Gii hn (mm) 100-380 160-300 6-12 6-16

Qun th u tin Px,g (xem phn m hnh 2.18, mc 2.2) c to ra ngu

nhin bng cng thc sau: Min + (max - min) . random (0,1)

Gi thit khi to c th u tin 1:

hw=10+(38-10).0,6 = 27cm ; vi random(0,1)=0,6

tw=0,6+(1,2-0,6).0,5 = 0,9cm ; vi random(0,1)=0,5

bf=16+(30-16).0,5 = 24cm ; vi random(0,1)=0,5

tf=0,6+(1,6-0,6).0,3= 0,9cm ; vi random(0,1)=0,3

(Cc s c lm trn n n v mm)

Tng t nh vy ta lp c th th 2 n th n, to thnh qun th khi to

nh sau:

C th 1 C th 2 C th n

hw tw bf tf hw tw bf tf hw tw bf tf

27 0,9 24 0,9 20 0,8 27 1,1 34 1,1 21 1,6

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

2.5.2. Rng buc ca hm mc tiu

Rng buc v cng
(a) M men ca dm lin hp trong giai on thi cng phi tha mn:

M sd M apl . Rd (54)

Trong : M sd - m men ln nht ca dm trong giai on thi cng

M apl . Rd - Kh nng khng un ca dm thp

(b) M men ca dm lin hp trong giai on s dng:

M sd M pl . Rd (55)

Trong : M sd - m men ln nht ca dm trong giai on s dng

M pl ,a ,Rd - Kh nng khng un ca dm lin hp c lin kt chu

ct hon ton.
(c) M men ca dm lin hp trong giai on s dng:

M sd M Rd (55)

Trong : M sd - m men ln nht ca dm trong giai on s dng

M Rd - Kh nng khng un ca dm lin hp c lin kt chu ct

khng hon ton.

M Rd = M apl . Rd +
N
(M pl.Rd M apl.Rd ) (56)
Nf

N
Trong : - T s th hin mc lin kt
Nf

Rng buc v vng

vng ca dm lin hp khi chu ti trng trong qu trnh s dng:

khi s dng []1 vi []1 = L/350 (L l nhp dm)

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 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Tng vng ca dm lin hp trong qu trnh thi cng v s dng:

khi s dng+khi thi cng []2 vi []2 = L/200 (L l nhp dm)

Rng buc v lc ct trong giai on s dng

Vsd V pl . Rd (57)

Trong : Vsd - lc ct ln nht ca dm khi s dng

V pl .Rd - kh nng khng ct ca dm thp

2.6. Chng trnh ti u ha

Chng trnh thit k ti u dm do TS.V Anh Tun v tc gi lp trnh

da bng ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic p dng thut ton tin ha vi phn
c th hin s khi di y:
Tng hp
Thit lp D liu Chng trnh ti u da
cc thng s thit k Danh mc cc thp tm trn DE-A kt hp cc
thng s thit k v d
liu thnh dm SRC mi
(to c th, qun th mi)

Hng s Rng buc Kim tra

Bin thit k Hm mc tiu
thit k thit k cc c th ca qun th
mi (dm SRC mi)
theo cc giai on thi
- Ti trng cng, giai on lin hp
Kim tra kh
Kch thc - Nhp, bc v vng
nng chu lc Ti thiu ha
hnh hc ca - Vt liu
(mmen) v trng lng
tit din I t - Tm tn
iu kin s dm SRC
hp - Cht S
dng ( vng) Kim tra
- ...
cc rng buc thit k?

So snh
tm ra c th tt nht

S Kim tra
iu kin kt thc?

Gii php
thit k ti u

Hnh 3.1: S khi chng trnh thit k ti u1

(1) V Anh Tun, Nguyn Quc Cng, S dng thut ton tin ha trong thit k ti u
60
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

(1)Thng s dm (2)Vt liu (3)Sn b tng v tm tn thp

(4)Lin kt chu ct (5)Ti trng

Hai bc u tin l a ra yu cu thit k bao gm xc nh cc bin

thit k, cc hng s cng nh cc rng buc, hm mc tiu v cc d liu kch
thc tit din.
bc tip theo, qu trnh tng hp lin kt vi chng trnh ti u xc
nh cc bin thit k. Vi chng trnh phn tch kt cu, cc chuyn v, ni lc
v ng sut c tnh ton v sau cc d liu cn thit ny s c chng
trnh ti u dng xc nh cc rng buc v hm mc tiu.
Bn thn DE-A khng th gii quyt bi ton ti u. Do , cn phi xy
dng mt h thng chng trnh ti u ha kt cu khung thp. Chng trnh ti
u c xy dng da trn thut ton DE-A vi cc m un: X l d liu,
Xc nh ng sut v Ti u ha. Cc d liu cn thit ca kt cu lin quan
n cc bc tip theo ca qu trnh ti u c m un X l d liu thc
hin. M un Ti u ha xc nh trng lng nh nht ca kt cu.

61
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

2.7. ng dng v kt qu
S bi ton:

3000
DM Tnh ton

3000
10000

10000

180 120
80
130
50

300

Hnh 3.2: Tm tn nh hnh dy 0,75mm

D liu u vo bi ton:
Vt liu:

62
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

B tng sn:
- Cp b tng: C25/30
- H s an ton: 1,5
- Khi lng ring: 2500 daN/m3
Thp kt cu:
- Cng thp: S355
- H s an ton: 1,05
- Khi lng ring: 7850 daN/m3
Cht lin kt chu ct:
- Cng chy ca cht: 3600 daN/cm2
- Cng ko gii hn: 4500 daN/cm2
- H s an ton: 1,25
- B tr mt cht mi v tr tm thp sn giao vi dm. Tng s 33
cht.
Thp tm sn:
- Cng chy: 3600 daN/cm2
- H s an ton: 1,05
Ti trng:
- Lp vt liu hon thin: 10dan/m2
- Lp va lt sn: 27 dan/m2
- Trn gi: 50 dan/m2
Thit k ti u:

Bin s hW bf tw tf

Gii hn (mm) 100-380 160-300 6-12 6-16

63
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

- H s giao cho: 0,8

- H s t bin: 0,7

- S lng cc th h: 70
Rng buc thit k:
- vng: L/200 = 5 cm
Sau khi chy chng trnh ti u, ta thu c kt qu th hin di th
sau:

Hnh 3.3: Gi tr trung gian ca cc c th sau 70 th h

64
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Hnh 3.4: Kt qu ti u ca dm thp sau 70 th h

Kt qu ti u cho thy khi lng thp gim i ca mt dm l 78 kg
tng ng vi 14,4%.

Bin s hw (mm) bf (mm) tw (mm) tf (mm) KL

(kg)

Ban u 370 180 6 12 540

Ti u 380 200 6 9 462

65
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

Kho st bi ton vi nhp thay i t 6m n 12m, chng trnh ti u cho

kt qu:

L hw bf tw tf KL hw/L

(m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (kg)

6 250 160 6 7 168,62 1/24

6,5 260 160 6 7 185,73 1/25

7 290 160 6 7 209,91 1/24,1

7,5 320 160 6 7 235,5 1/23,4

8 350 160 6 7 262,5 1/22,9

8,5 380 160 6 7 290,92 1/22,4

9 400 160 6 7 327,82 1/22,5

9,5 440 160 6 7 351,99 1/21,6

10 470 160 6 7 384,65 1/21,3

12 590 160 6 7 544,48 1/20,3

Vi gi thit bi ton c kho st l cng nghip, vn phng thng mai,

gii hn chiu cao bng dm khng hn ch. Kt qu thu c cho thy chiu
cao dm nm trong khong t 1/20 n 1/25 nhp dm, vi nhp kho st ph
thng t 6m n 12m th trng lng dm nh nht.

66
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

PHN KT LUN V KIN NGH

1. Kt lun
Gii php thit k hin i cho phng n thit k hp l hn so vi
phng php truyn thng. Rt ngn c thi gian, cng sc ca ngi thit
k, gim c chi ph thit k.
Khi c gii hn chiu cao bn bng, thit k dm hnh theo phng php
truyn thng khi lng mt dm bng 540kg, theo phng php hin i bng
385kg. Gim c 29% khi lng thp, tng ng vi 158kg cho mt dm
thp. Nu gi thit cng trnh 60 tng, khi lng l 158x3x14x60=398160kg.
Dm hnh khi c gii hn chiu cao t 10cm-38cm c khi lng ti u l
462kg, khi khng c gii hn chiu cao l 385kg. Gim c 17.3% khi lng
thp, tng ng 80kg.
Theo nhp dm ph thng t 6-12 mt, bc dm c chn hp l bng
3m theo kt qu tnh ton trn, th nn chn chiu cao dm thp t hp trong
khong 1/20-1/25 nhp dm tng khi lng dm l nh nht.
Khi dng thp hnh cn nng theo tiu chun Chu u, bc dm ph nhp
10m trong sn 10mx12m nn chn trong khong 3m tng khi lng dm
l nh nht.
2. Kin ngh
Lun vn mi xt n trng hp dm n gin, vic ti u dm c th
xy dng tip cho dm nhiu nhp.
Lun n mi a ra c mt phn ca bi ton kinh t, l ti u khi
lng. gii quyt bi ton ti u chi ph cn phi k n cc yu t nh
hng n gi thnh khc nh cc chi ph gia cng ch to, hn, sn, chng
chy, lp dng...

67
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting Vit
[1] Phm Vn Hi, Kt cu lin hp thp b tng dng trong nh cao tng,
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, H ni, 2010.
[2] on nh Kin, Nguyn Vn Tn, Phm Vn Hi, Phm Vn T, Lu
Vn Tng, Kt cu thp I, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, H ni, 1996.
[3] V Anh Tun, Hn Ngc c, Tp ch khoa hc cng ngh xy dng s
10, thng 9 nm 2011, trang 15 22.
[4] Charles Darwin, Ngun gc cc loi, Trn B Tn dch, Bi Vn Nam Sn
gii thiu, Nh xut bn tri thc, H ni, 2009.
[5] V Anh Tun, Nguyn Quc Cng, S dng thut ton tin ha trong
thit k ti u kt cu thp, Tp ch khoa hc cng ngh, Tp 45, S 4, 2007.

Ting Anh
[6] Eurocode 3, Design of Steel structures, 1997.
[7] Eurocode 4, Design of composite steel and concrete structures, 1997.
[8] Bi bo ca Ahmed B. Senouci, Mohammed S. Al-Ansari, Cost
optimization of composite beams using genetic algorithms, Qatar University,
Doha, 2009.
[9] Vu Anh Tuan (2009), Beitrag zur den Optimierung von Tragwerken aus
Stahl mittels Evolutionrer Algorithmen. Dissertation, Bauhaus University
Weimar.
[10] K. Price, R. Storn, and J. Lampinen - Differential Evolution - A Practical
Approach to Global Optimization, Springer, 2005.
[11] E. Hinton, J. Sienz, O. Mustafa (2003), Analysis and optimization of
prismatic and axisymmetric shell structures, Springer.
[12] Storn, R. (1996). "On the usage of differential evolution for function
optimization". Biennial Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information.

68
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

PH LC TNH TON
A. Ph lc tnh ton cho trng hp ti u dm thp hnh t hp
C th c 4 bin, bc dm 3 mt, dm b gii hn chiu cao bn bng t
10cm n 38cm.

Bin s hW tw bf tf

Gii hn (cm) 10-38 0,6-1,2 16-30 0,6-1,6

(1) Khi to qun th:

- Qun th khi to bng c th (cha 4 gien) nhn h s N (515), chn
N=15, qun th u tin c 60 c th:

hw tw bf tf C V K/L
STT S
(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (mm) (kg)

1 30.0 0.9 24.0 0.9 0.000 4.55 784.98

2 10.0 1.1 27.0 1.3 3.268 46f.92 495.34

3 34.0 1.1 21.0 1.6 0.987 4.23 711.21

4 37.0 0.8 23.0 1.4 0.975 3.87 645.27

5 23.0 0.8 25.0 1.2 1.680 10.84 521.24

6 33.0 1.1 24.0 1.6 0.947 4.02 768.52

7 29.0 1.2 19.0 1.1 1.080 6.17 650.77

8 29.0 0.6 24.0 0.7 1.080 6.17 650.77

9 18.0 0.6 20.0 1.0 2.219 15.92 477.28

10 37.0 0.8 20.0 0.8 2.219 15.92 477.28

11 21.0 0.8 26.0 0.9 2.219 15.92 477.28

12 15.0 1.0 17.0 1.1 2.380 24.00 469.43

13 32.0 0.8 20.0 1.5 1.075 4.38 671.96

14 22.0 0.7 24.0 1.3 1.438 8.04 684.52

69
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

15 11.0 0.9 29.0 1.0 1.438 8.04 684.52

16 24.0 0.9 21.0 1.0 1.801 12.41 444.31

17 17.0 1.2 17.0 1.0 2.121 19.98 474.93

18 14.0 0.9 20.0 1.2 2.695 28.16 438.03

19 36.0 1.0 23.0 1.0 0.978 3.97 660.97

20 23.0 1.1 24.0 1.4 1.617 11.37 562.85

21 12.0 0.7 21.0 0.7 1.617 11.37 562.85

22 28.0 0.9 28.0 0.7 1.617 11.37 562.85

23 23.0 0.8 18.0 1.3 1.511 9.16 578.55

24 13.0 1.1 22.0 1.1 2.752 33.21 446.67

25 19.0 0.7 24.0 0.8 2.752 33.21 446.67

26 22.0 0.8 28.0 1.4 1.552 8.36 649.98

27 17.0 0.7 16.0 0.9 2.545 23.99 397.21

28 17.0 0.9 20.0 0.9 2.430 21.83 408.20

29 16.0 1.1 24.0 1.4 1.939 15.73 606.81

30 25.0 0.6 25.0 1.0 1.939 15.73 606.81

31 36.0 1.0 21.0 0.7 1.939 15.73 606.81

32 38.0 0.7 16.0 0.9 1.019 4.09 604.45

33 25.0 0.8 28.0 1.4 1.239 6.20 719.85

34 38.0 0.8 23.0 1.0 1.006 4.21 582.47

35 22.0 0.9 27.0 1.1 1.006 4.21 582.47

36 16.0 1.0 23.0 1.3 1.947 16.87 580.12

37 18.0 0.8 18.0 1.1 2.163 18.15 447.45

38 20.0 1.1 23.0 0.8 2.163 18.15 447.45

39 27.0 1.1 18.0 1.4 1.145 6.29 669.61

70
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

40 12.0 0.6 27.0 1.0 1.145 6.29 669.61

41 13.0 0.7 17.0 1.3 2.846 27.15 461.58

42 16.0 0.9 26.0 1.4 1.847 13.67 657.83

43 31.0 0.7 25.0 1.3 1.325 6.26 551.07

44 21.0 0.8 30.0 1.4 1.558 9.28 665.68

45 31.0 0.8 21.0 1.0 1.289 6.68 518.89

46 28.0 0.8 17.0 0.8 1.646 10.15 416.05

47 37.0 0.9 23.0 1.6 0.994 3.54 699.44

48 21.0 0.8 23.0 0.7 0.994 3.54 699.44

49 26.0 1.1 25.0 1.0 0.994 3.54 699.44

50 31.0 1.0 23.0 0.8 0.994 3.54 699.44

51 32.0 0.6 23.0 1.4 1.238 4.92 594.24

52 37.0 1.1 25.0 1.5 0.787 3.02 833.67

53 13.0 1.2 27.0 1.3 2.718 33.88 501.62

54 15.0 0.7 23.0 1.0 2.945 29.11 383.08

55 28.0 1.1 23.0 0.8 2.945 29.11 383.08

56 19.0 1.1 19.0 1.0 1.757 14.61 536.94

57 27.0 0.8 21.0 1.5 1.174 5.52 699.44

58 24.0 0.8 28.0 0.9 1.174 5.52 699.44

59 20.0 0.6 26.0 1.4 1.861 10.67 584.04

60 21.0 1.1 26.0 1.0 1.861 10.67 584.04

(2) To qun th mi:

71
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

TH hw tw bf tf C V K/L
STT S
H (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (mm) (kg)
1 1 30.0 0.9 24.0 1.2 1.115 5.17 657.83
1 2 30.0 1.1 27.0 1.3 1.125 5.83 668.04
1 3 20.0 0.7 26.0 0.7 1.125 5.83 668.04
1 4 34.0 0.8 23.0 1.4 1.251 5.20 573.05
1 5 32.0 0.9 17.0 0.9 1.242 6.54 522.81
1 6 32.0 0.9 20.0 0.9 1.205 6.05 549.50
1 7 29.0 0.7 19.0 1.1 1.623 8.99 430.18
1 8 29.0 1.2 24.0 0.7 1.623 8.99 430.18
1 9 29.0 0.9 26.0 1.4 1.023 4.60 765.38
1 10 37.0 0.8 20.0 0.8 1.023 4.60 765.38
1 11 37.0 0.7 22.0 1.4 1.032 3.83 621.72
1 12 15.0 1.0 22.0 1.1 2.220 22.04 512.61
1 13 15.0 0.9 20.0 1.3 2.187 19.79 537.73
1 14 22.0 0.8 24.0 1.3 1.389 7.81 701.79
1 15 11.0 0.9 29.0 1.0 1.389 7.81 701.79
1 16 11.0 0.9 21.0 1.0 3.079 39.53 459.23
1 17 23.0 1.0 28.0 1.3 1.499 8.98 625.65
1 18 23.0 0.9 20.0 1.6 1.544 9.78 570.70
1 19 23.0 0.9 22.0 1.0 1.563 10.25 533.02
1 20 23.0 0.9 25.0 1.4 1.689 10.86 550.29
1 21 12.0 0.9 25.0 0.7 1.689 10.86 550.29
1 22 35.0 0.8 23.0 1.3 1.008 3.73 680.60
1 23 35.0 1.0 23.0 1.1 0.917 4.04 697.87
1 24 13.0 0.7 22.0 1.1 3.132 35.08 405.85
1 25 19.0 0.9 24.0 0.8 3.132 35.08 405.85
1 26 33.0 0.7 22.0 0.8 3.132 35.08 405.85
1 27 22.0 1.0 28.0 1.0 3.132 35.08 405.85

72
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

1 28 17.0 0.7 22.0 1.2 2.411 20.34 441.96

1 29 16.0 1.1 24.0 0.8 2.411 20.34 441.96
1 30 27.0 0.9 24.0 1.4 1.273 6.32 645.27
1 31 36.0 1.0 21.0 0.9 1.046 4.96 581.69
1 32 36.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.233 5.54 480.42
1 33 36.0 0.9 21.0 0.9 1.074 4.68 578.55
1 34 36.0 0.8 27.0 1.4 1.017 3.95 671.18
1 35 22.0 0.7 24.0 1.1 1.723 11.04 518.10
1 36 22.0 0.8 24.0 0.7 1.723 11.04 518.10
1 37 37.0 0.9 23.0 1.3 0.908 3.30 722.20
1 38 34.0 0.9 24.0 1.5 0.858 3.42 797.56
1 39 34.0 0.9 18.0 1.4 0.959 4.29 661.75
1 40 12.0 0.9 27.0 0.8 0.959 4.29 661.75
1 41 13.0 0.7 22.0 1.3 2.688 24.27 512.61
1 42 13.0 0.9 28.0 1.3 2.610 26.80 533.02
1 43 31.0 0.9 25.0 1.3 1.128 5.16 646.84
1 44 21.0 0.8 25.0 1.4 1.427 8.46 702.58
1 45 21.0 0.7 21.0 1.0 2.082 15.65 417.62
1 46 28.0 0.8 17.0 1.0 1.409 7.45 529.09
1 47 28.0 0.9 24.0 1.0 1.409 7.45 529.09
1 48 37.0 0.9 22.0 1.6 0.990 4.00 663.33
1 49 28.0 1.0 27.0 0.9 0.990 4.00 663.33
1 50 28.0 0.8 26.0 1.5 1.179 5.33 698.65
1 51 28.0 0.8 18.0 1.0 1.546 9.38 449.02
1 52 32.0 0.9 20.0 1.5 1.190 5.30 602.88
1 53 13.0 0.9 20.0 1.3 2.358 23.84 555.00
1 54 15.0 0.7 23.0 1.0 2.432 21.64 487.49
1 55 15.0 0.7 25.0 1.2 2.230 17.71 572.27
1 56 15.0 0.9 19.0 1.0 2.748 29.65 389.36
1 57 19.0 0.7 20.0 1.5 1.894 11.67 565.99

73
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

1 58 24.0 0.8 28.0 1.1 1.894 11.67 565.99

1 59 35.0 0.8 28.0 0.9 1.894 11.67 565.99
1 60 24.0 1.1 26.0 1.0 1.894 11.67 565.99
2 1 30.0 0.9 20.0 1.2 1.143 5.57 626.43
2 2 30.0 1.1 27.0 1.3 1.149 5.97 660.19
2 3 30.0 0.9 18.0 1.5 1.120 5.51 635.85
2 4 34.0 0.8 23.0 1.5 0.935 3.64 737.12
2 5 32.0 0.9 17.0 0.9 1.482 8.86 426.26
2 6 33.0 1.1 18.0 0.9 1.130 5.51 594.24
2 7 29.0 0.9 21.0 1.0 1.372 7.72 511.04
2 8 35.0 1.2 24.0 0.7 1.372 7.72 511.04
2 9 29.0 0.9 26.0 1.4 1.126 5.27 688.44
2 10 29.0 0.8 20.0 0.8 1.126 5.27 688.44
2 11 37.0 0.7 22.0 1.4 0.976 3.24 690.02
2 12 26.0 1.0 22.0 1.1 1.318 7.95 584.04
2 13 32.0 0.8 26.0 1.5 1.000 4.01 742.61
2 14 32.0 0.8 24.0 1.5 0.972 4.05 737.90
2 15 37.0 1.0 19.0 1.1 0.793 3.29 795.99
2 16 37.0 1.0 24.0 1.0 0.793 3.29 795.99
2 17 26.0 0.8 26.0 1.3 1.200 6.14 692.37
2 18 21.0 1.0 24.0 0.9 1.200 6.14 692.37
2 19 21.0 1.0 20.0 0.8 1.200 6.14 692.37
2 20 25.0 1.0 25.0 1.4 1.202 5.91 745.75
2 21 25.0 1.0 25.0 1.0 1.202 5.91 745.75
2 22 35.0 0.8 19.0 1.3 1.000 4.05 648.41
2 23 35.0 1.0 23.0 0.6 1.000 4.05 648.41
2 24 35.0 1.1 22.0 1.1 1.020 4.68 636.64
2 25 27.0 0.8 25.0 0.9 1.020 4.68 636.64
2 26 30.0 0.9 20.0 1.4 1.142 5.38 635.85
2 27 30.0 0.8 20.0 1.4 1.058 4.76 704.93

74
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

2 28 17.0 0.7 22.0 1.2 2.105 16.67 517.32

2 29 16.0 1.1 24.0 0.7 2.105 16.67 517.32
2 30 16.0 1.0 22.0 0.8 2.105 16.67 517.32
2 31 27.0 0.8 18.0 1.3 1.441 7.33 536.94
2 32 36.0 1.0 20.0 1.0 1.064 4.87 580.90
2 33 36.0 0.9 23.0 0.9 1.064 4.87 580.90
2 34 36.0 0.8 23.0 1.0 0.936 3.77 682.17
2 35 22.0 0.9 27.0 1.1 0.936 3.77 682.17
2 36 26.0 1.0 22.0 1.1 1.339 7.77 584.04
2 37 37.0 0.9 17.0 0.8 1.003 4.52 602.88
2 38 32.0 0.7 21.0 0.8 1.003 4.52 602.88
2 39 34.0 0.9 18.0 1.0 1.109 5.04 579.33
2 40 12.0 1.1 22.0 0.8 1.109 5.04 579.33
2 41 13.0 0.7 22.0 1.3 2.927 28.07 456.09
2 42 28.0 1.0 20.0 1.3 1.325 7.06 574.62
2 43 34.0 0.9 24.0 1.2 0.909 3.69 752.03
2 44 31.0 0.8 25.0 1.4 0.985 4.21 744.18
2 45 31.0 0.7 22.0 1.2 1.329 6.57 515.75
2 46 27.0 0.8 17.0 1.0 1.594 9.58 451.38
2 47 22.0 1.0 24.0 0.8 1.594 9.58 451.38
2 48 28.0 0.9 22.0 1.3 1.138 5.36 697.86
2 49 28.0 0.8 27.0 0.9 1.138 5.36 697.86
2 50 28.0 0.8 20.0 1.5 1.117 5.11 717.49
2 51 21.0 0.9 23.0 0.8 1.117 5.11 717.49
2 52 32.0 0.8 19.0 0.8 1.288 6.29 516.53
2 53 13.0 0.9 20.0 0.6 1.288 6.29 516.53
2 54 15.0 0.7 20.0 0.6 1.288 6.29 516.53
2 55 15.0 0.8 25.0 1.2 2.238 17.36 565.20
2 56 15.0 1.1 19.0 1.0 2.209 22.57 502.40
2 57 27.0 1.0 21.0 1.5 1.097 5.35 741.83

75
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

2 58 23.0 1.0 24.0 1.5 1.203 7.02 745.75

2 59 30.0 0.9 23.0 0.8 1.203 7.02 745.75
2 60 21.0 1.1 26.0 1.0 1.203 7.02 745.75

70 1 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.188 4.84 491.41
70 2 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.194 4.97 484.35
70 3 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.191 4.96 484.35
70 4 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.180 4.87 491.41
70 5 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.204 5.07 477.28
70 6 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.182 4.86 491.41
70 7 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.179 4.88 491.41
70 8 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.189 4.97 500.05
70 9 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.8 1.189 4.97 500.05
70 10 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.223 5.10 485.92
70 11 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.214 5.15 485.92
70 12 37.0 0.7 21.0 1.0 1.169 4.75 516.53
70 13 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.174 4.90 491.41
70 14 37.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.239 5.36 471.79
70 15 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.183 4.86 491.41
70 16 38.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.185 4.88 491.41
70 17 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.204 5.07 477.28
70 18 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.192 4.95 500.05
70 19 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.187 4.97 500.05
70 20 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.187 4.97 500.05
70 21 37.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.206 5.17 485.92
70 22 37.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.209 5.15 485.92
70 23 37.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.240 5.35 471.79
70 24 38.0 0.7 19.0 1.0 1.187 4.84 492.20
70 25 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.194 4.97 484.35
70 26 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.187 4.94 500.83

76
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

70 27 38.0 0.7 22.0 0.9 1.187 4.94 500.83

70 28 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.202 5.08 477.28
70 29 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.192 4.95 500.05
70 30 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.187 4.97 500.05
70 31 37.0 0.6 21.0 1.0 1.234 4.90 487.49
70 32 37.0 0.6 19.0 0.9 1.280 5.31 456.87
70 33 37.0 0.7 22.0 0.8 1.280 5.31 456.87
70 34 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.191 4.95 500.05
70 35 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.211 5.16 485.92
70 36 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.214 5.15 485.92
70 37 37.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.224 5.25 478.85
70 38 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.182 4.86 491.41
70 39 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.179 4.88 491.41
70 40 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.204 5.07 477.28
70 41 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.168 4.77 498.48
70 42 38.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.183 4.89 491.41
70 43 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.179 4.88 491.41
70 44 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.213 5.15 485.92
70 45 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.190 4.97 484.35
70 46 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.167 4.84 509.47
70 47 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.200 5.09 477.28
70 48 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.207 5.05 477.28
70 49 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.197 4.96 484.35
70 50 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.205 5.06 477.28
70 51 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.178 4.87 491.41
70 52 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.179 4.88 491.41
70 53 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.204 5.07 477.28
70 54 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.192 4.95 500.05
70 55 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.193 5.05 493.77
70 56 37.0 0.6 19.0 0.9 1.311 5.53 442.74

77
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

70 57 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.201 4.91 500.05

70 58 37.0 0.7 21.0 1.0 1.133 4.57 533.02
70 59 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.205 5.19 485.92
70 60 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.267 5.12 454.52

(3) Sau khi giao cho thu c qun th th nghim qua 70 th h nh sau:

TH hw tw bf tf C V K/L
STT S
H (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (mm) (kg)
1 1 30.0 0.9 24.0 1.2 1.115 5.17 657.83
1 2 30.0 1.1 27.0 1.3 1.125 5.83 668.04
1 3 20.0 0.7 26.0 0.7 1.125 5.83 668.04
1 4 34.0 0.8 23.0 1.4 1.251 5.20 573.05
1 5 32.0 0.9 17.0 0.9 1.242 6.54 522.81
1 6 32.0 0.9 20.0 0.9 1.205 6.05 549.50
1 7 29.0 0.7 19.0 1.1 1.623 8.99 430.18
1 8 29.0 1.2 24.0 0.7 1.623 8.99 430.18
1 9 29.0 0.9 26.0 1.4 1.023 4.60 765.38
1 10 37.0 0.8 20.0 0.8 1.023 4.60 765.38
1 11 37.0 0.7 22.0 1.4 1.032 3.83 621.72
1 12 15.0 1.0 22.0 1.1 2.220 22.04 512.61
1 13 15.0 0.9 20.0 1.3 2.187 19.79 537.73
1 14 22.0 0.8 24.0 1.3 1.389 7.81 701.79
1 15 11.0 0.9 29.0 1.0 1.389 7.81 701.79
1 16 11.0 0.9 21.0 1.0 3.079 39.53 459.23
1 17 23.0 1.0 28.0 1.3 1.499 8.98 625.65
1 18 23.0 0.9 20.0 1.6 1.544 9.78 570.70
1 19 23.0 0.9 22.0 1.0 1.563 10.25 533.02
1 20 23.0 0.9 25.0 1.4 1.689 10.86 550.29
1 21 12.0 0.9 25.0 0.7 1.689 10.86 550.29
1 22 35.0 0.8 23.0 1.3 1.008 3.73 680.60
1 23 35.0 1.0 23.0 1.1 0.917 4.04 697.87
1 24 13.0 0.7 22.0 1.1 3.132 35.08 405.85

78
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

1 25 19.0 0.9 24.0 0.8 3.132 35.08 405.85

1 26 33.0 0.7 22.0 0.8 3.132 35.08 405.85
1 27 22.0 1.0 28.0 1.0 3.132 35.08 405.85
1 28 17.0 0.7 22.0 1.2 2.411 20.34 441.96
1 29 16.0 1.1 24.0 0.8 2.411 20.34 441.96
1 30 27.0 0.9 24.0 1.4 1.273 6.32 645.27
1 31 36.0 1.0 21.0 0.9 1.046 4.96 581.69
1 32 36.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.233 5.54 480.42
1 33 36.0 0.9 21.0 0.9 1.074 4.68 578.55
1 34 36.0 0.8 27.0 1.4 1.017 3.95 671.18
1 35 22.0 0.7 24.0 1.1 1.723 11.04 518.10
1 36 22.0 0.8 24.0 0.7 1.723 11.04 518.10
1 37 37.0 0.9 23.0 1.3 0.908 3.30 722.20
1 38 34.0 0.9 24.0 1.5 0.858 3.42 797.56
1 39 34.0 0.9 18.0 1.4 0.959 4.29 661.75
1 40 12.0 0.9 27.0 0.8 0.959 4.29 661.75
1 41 13.0 0.7 22.0 1.3 2.688 24.27 512.61
1 42 13.0 0.9 28.0 1.3 2.610 26.80 533.02
1 43 31.0 0.9 25.0 1.3 1.128 5.16 646.84
1 44 21.0 0.8 25.0 1.4 1.427 8.46 702.58
1 45 21.0 0.7 21.0 1.0 2.082 15.65 417.62
1 46 28.0 0.8 17.0 1.0 1.409 7.45 529.09
1 47 28.0 0.9 24.0 1.0 1.409 7.45 529.09
1 48 37.0 0.9 22.0 1.6 0.990 4.00 663.33
1 49 28.0 1.0 27.0 0.9 0.990 4.00 663.33
1 50 28.0 0.8 26.0 1.5 1.179 5.33 698.65
1 51 28.0 0.8 18.0 1.0 1.546 9.38 449.02
1 52 32.0 0.9 20.0 1.5 1.190 5.30 602.88
1 53 13.0 0.9 20.0 1.3 2.358 23.84 555.00
1 54 15.0 0.7 23.0 1.0 2.432 21.64 487.49
1 55 15.0 0.7 25.0 1.2 2.230 17.71 572.27
1 56 15.0 0.9 19.0 1.0 2.748 29.65 389.36
1 57 19.0 0.7 20.0 1.5 1.894 11.67 565.99
1 58 24.0 0.8 28.0 1.1 1.894 11.67 565.99
1 59 35.0 0.8 28.0 0.9 1.894 11.67 565.99

79
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

1 60 24.0 1.1 26.0 1.0 1.894 11.67 565.99

2 1 30.0 0.9 20.0 1.2 1.143 5.57 626.43
2 2 30.0 1.1 27.0 1.3 1.149 5.97 660.19
2 3 30.0 0.9 18.0 1.5 1.120 5.51 635.85
2 4 34.0 0.8 23.0 1.5 0.935 3.64 737.12
2 5 32.0 0.9 17.0 0.9 1.482 8.86 426.26
2 6 33.0 1.1 18.0 0.9 1.130 5.51 594.24
2 7 29.0 0.9 21.0 1.0 1.372 7.72 511.04
2 8 35.0 1.2 24.0 0.7 1.372 7.72 511.04
2 9 29.0 0.9 26.0 1.4 1.126 5.27 688.44
2 10 29.0 0.8 20.0 0.8 1.126 5.27 688.44
2 11 37.0 0.7 22.0 1.4 0.976 3.24 690.02
2 12 26.0 1.0 22.0 1.1 1.318 7.95 584.04
2 13 32.0 0.8 26.0 1.5 1.000 4.01 742.61
2 14 32.0 0.8 24.0 1.5 0.972 4.05 737.90
2 15 37.0 1.0 19.0 1.1 0.793 3.29 795.99
2 16 37.0 1.0 24.0 1.0 0.793 3.29 795.99
2 17 26.0 0.8 26.0 1.3 1.200 6.14 692.37
2 18 21.0 1.0 24.0 0.9 1.200 6.14 692.37
2 19 21.0 1.0 20.0 0.8 1.200 6.14 692.37
2 20 25.0 1.0 25.0 1.4 1.202 5.91 745.75
2 21 25.0 1.0 25.0 1.0 1.202 5.91 745.75
2 22 35.0 0.8 19.0 1.3 1.000 4.05 648.41
2 23 35.0 1.0 23.0 0.6 1.000 4.05 648.41
2 24 35.0 1.1 22.0 1.1 1.020 4.68 636.64
2 25 27.0 0.8 25.0 0.9 1.020 4.68 636.64
2 26 30.0 0.9 20.0 1.4 1.142 5.38 635.85
2 27 30.0 0.8 20.0 1.4 1.058 4.76 704.93
2 28 17.0 0.7 22.0 1.2 2.105 16.67 517.32
2 29 16.0 1.1 24.0 0.7 2.105 16.67 517.32
2 30 16.0 1.0 22.0 0.8 2.105 16.67 517.32
2 31 27.0 0.8 18.0 1.3 1.441 7.33 536.94
2 32 36.0 1.0 20.0 1.0 1.064 4.87 580.90
2 33 36.0 0.9 23.0 0.9 1.064 4.87 580.90
2 34 36.0 0.8 23.0 1.0 0.936 3.77 682.17

80
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

2 35 22.0 0.9 27.0 1.1 0.936 3.77 682.17

2 36 26.0 1.0 22.0 1.1 1.339 7.77 584.04
2 37 37.0 0.9 17.0 0.8 1.003 4.52 602.88
2 38 32.0 0.7 21.0 0.8 1.003 4.52 602.88
2 39 34.0 0.9 18.0 1.0 1.109 5.04 579.33
2 40 12.0 1.1 22.0 0.8 1.109 5.04 579.33
2 41 13.0 0.7 22.0 1.3 2.927 28.07 456.09
2 42 28.0 1.0 20.0 1.3 1.325 7.06 574.62
2 43 34.0 0.9 24.0 1.2 0.909 3.69 752.03
2 44 31.0 0.8 25.0 1.4 0.985 4.21 744.18
2 45 31.0 0.7 22.0 1.2 1.329 6.57 515.75
2 46 27.0 0.8 17.0 1.0 1.594 9.58 451.38
2 47 22.0 1.0 24.0 0.8 1.594 9.58 451.38
2 48 28.0 0.9 22.0 1.3 1.138 5.36 697.86
2 49 28.0 0.8 27.0 0.9 1.138 5.36 697.86
2 50 28.0 0.8 20.0 1.5 1.117 5.11 717.49
2 51 21.0 0.9 23.0 0.8 1.117 5.11 717.49
2 52 32.0 0.8 19.0 0.8 1.288 6.29 516.53
2 53 13.0 0.9 20.0 0.6 1.288 6.29 516.53
2 54 15.0 0.7 20.0 0.6 1.288 6.29 516.53
2 55 15.0 0.8 25.0 1.2 2.238 17.36 565.20
2 56 15.0 1.1 19.0 1.0 2.209 22.57 502.40
2 57 27.0 1.0 21.0 1.5 1.097 5.35 741.83
2 58 23.0 1.0 24.0 1.5 1.203 7.02 745.75
2 59 30.0 0.9 23.0 0.8 1.203 7.02 745.75
2 60 21.0 1.1 26.0 1.0 1.203 7.02 745.75

70 1 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.188 4.84 491.41
70 2 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.194 4.97 484.35
70 3 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.191 4.96 484.35
70 4 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.180 4.87 491.41
70 5 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.204 5.07 477.28
70 6 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.182 4.86 491.41
70 7 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.179 4.88 491.41
70 8 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.189 4.97 500.05

81
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

70 9 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.8 1.189 4.97 500.05

70 10 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.223 5.10 485.92
70 11 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.214 5.15 485.92
70 12 37.0 0.7 21.0 1.0 1.169 4.75 516.53
70 13 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.174 4.90 491.41
70 14 37.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.239 5.36 471.79
70 15 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.183 4.86 491.41
70 16 38.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.185 4.88 491.41
70 17 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.204 5.07 477.28
70 18 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.192 4.95 500.05
70 19 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.187 4.97 500.05
70 20 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.187 4.97 500.05
70 21 37.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.206 5.17 485.92
70 22 37.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.209 5.15 485.92
70 23 37.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.240 5.35 471.79
70 24 38.0 0.7 19.0 1.0 1.187 4.84 492.20
70 25 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.194 4.97 484.35
70 26 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.187 4.94 500.83
70 27 38.0 0.7 22.0 0.9 1.187 4.94 500.83
70 28 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.202 5.08 477.28
70 29 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.192 4.95 500.05
70 30 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.187 4.97 500.05
70 31 37.0 0.6 21.0 1.0 1.234 4.90 487.49
70 32 37.0 0.6 19.0 0.9 1.280 5.31 456.87
70 33 37.0 0.7 22.0 0.8 1.280 5.31 456.87
70 34 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.191 4.95 500.05
70 35 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.211 5.16 485.92
70 36 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.214 5.15 485.92
70 37 37.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.224 5.25 478.85
70 38 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.182 4.86 491.41
70 39 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.179 4.88 491.41
70 40 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.204 5.07 477.28
70 41 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.168 4.77 498.48
70 42 38.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.183 4.89 491.41
70 43 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.179 4.88 491.41

82
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

70 44 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.213 5.15 485.92

70 45 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.190 4.97 484.35
70 46 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.167 4.84 509.47
70 47 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.200 5.09 477.28
70 48 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.207 5.05 477.28
70 49 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.197 4.96 484.35
70 50 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.205 5.06 477.28
70 51 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.178 4.87 491.41
70 52 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.179 4.88 491.41
70 53 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.204 5.07 477.28
70 54 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.192 4.95 500.05
70 55 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.193 5.05 493.77
70 56 37.0 0.6 19.0 0.9 1.311 5.53 442.74
70 57 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.201 4.91 500.05
70 58 37.0 0.7 21.0 1.0 1.133 4.57 533.02
70 59 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.205 5.19 485.92
70 60 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.267 5.12 454.52

(4) Chn lc t nhin qua iu kin rng buc v hm mc tiu thu c qun
th th h th 70 nh sau:

hw tw bf tf C V K/L
STT S
(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (mm) (kg)
1 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.188 4.84 491.41
2 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.194 4.97 484.35
3 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.191 4.96 484.35
4 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.180 4.87 491.41
5 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.204 5.07 477.28
6 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.197 4.96 484.35
7 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.196 4.96 484.35
8 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.187 4.99 484.35
9 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.189 4.97 484.35
10 37.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.223 5.10 485.92
11 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.179 4.88 491.41
12 38.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.182 4.90 491.41

83
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

13 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.191 4.99 484.35

14 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.205 5.06 477.28
15 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.183 4.86 491.41
16 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.189 4.97 484.35
17 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.197 4.96 484.35
18 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.191 4.96 484.35
19 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.187 4.97 500.05
20 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.187 4.97 500.05
21 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.193 4.95 500.05
22 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.187 4.97 500.05
23 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.178 4.88 491.41
24 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.190 4.97 484.35
25 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.194 4.97 484.35
26 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.192 4.96 484.35
27 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.207 5.05 477.28
28 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.189 4.97 484.35
29 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.192 4.95 500.05
30 37.0 0.6 21.0 1.0 1.223 4.95 487.49
31 37.0 0.6 21.0 1.0 1.234 4.90 487.49
32 37.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.244 4.96 479.64
33 37.0 0.7 22.0 0.8 1.244 4.96 479.64
34 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.191 4.95 500.05
35 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.186 4.98 500.05
36 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.190 4.96 500.05
37 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.190 4.97 484.35
38 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.182 4.86 491.41
39 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.179 4.88 491.41
40 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.194 4.97 484.35
41 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.197 4.96 484.35
42 38.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.183 4.89 491.41
43 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.179 4.88 491.41
44 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.215 5.11 475.71
45 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.190 4.97 484.35
46 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.194 4.97 484.35
47 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.196 4.96 484.35

84
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

48 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.188 4.98 484.35

49 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.197 4.96 484.35
50 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.197 4.96 484.35
51 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.178 4.87 491.41
52 38.0 0.7 20.0 0.9 1.194 4.97 484.35
53 38.0 0.7 19.0 0.9 1.204 5.07 477.28
54 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.192 4.95 500.05
55 37.0 0.6 20.0 1.0 1.250 4.97 479.64
56 37.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.249 5.00 478.07
57 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.201 4.91 500.05
58 37.0 0.7 21.0 0.9 1.190 4.96 500.05
59 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.252 5.02 461.58
60 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58

(5) Gi tr ti u ca 70 th h:

hw tw bf tf C V K/L
STT S
(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (mm) (kg)
0 38.0 0.8 23.0 1.0 1.006 4.21 582.47
1 36.0 0.9 21.0 0.9 1.074 4.68 578.55
2 36.0 0.9 21.0 0.9 1.074 4.68 578.55
3 36.0 0.9 21.0 0.9 1.072 4.85 567.55
4 34.0 0.7 20.0 1.2 1.175 4.77 563.63
5 38.0 0.7 20.0 1.1 1.091 4.11 554.21
6 37.0 0.6 21.0 1.0 1.188 4.74 503.97
7 37.0 0.6 21.0 1.0 1.188 4.74 503.97
8 37.0 0.6 21.0 1.0 1.188 4.74 503.97
9 37.0 0.7 18.0 1.0 1.196 4.85 501.62
10 38.0 0.6 20.0 1.0 1.197 4.60 492.98
11 38.0 0.6 20.0 1.0 1.197 4.60 492.98
12 37.0 0.6 21.0 1.0 1.223 4.95 487.49
13 37.0 0.6 21.0 1.0 1.223 4.95 487.49
14 37.0 0.6 21.0 1.0 1.223 4.95 487.49

85
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

15 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.216 4.89 475.71

16 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.216 4.89 475.71
17 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.216 4.89 475.71
18 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
19 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
20 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
21 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
22 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
23 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
24 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
25 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
26 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
27 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
28 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
29 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
30 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
31 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
32 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
33 37.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.244 4.96 479.64
34 37.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.244 4.96 479.64
35 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.216 4.89 475.71
36 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.216 4.89 475.71
37 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.216 4.89 475.71
38 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.231 4.82 475.71
39 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.231 4.82 475.71
40 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.232 4.81 475.71
41 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.227 4.83 475.71
42 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.228 4.83 475.71
43 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.223 4.85 475.71
44 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.223 4.85 475.71
45 37.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.249 5.00 478.07
46 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.221 4.86 475.71
47 37.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.249 5.00 478.07
48 37.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.249 5.00 478.07
49 37.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.249 5.00 478.07

86
 TI U DM LIN HP 2011

50 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.228 4.83 475.71

51 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.226 4.84 475.71
52 37.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.249 5.00 478.07
53 38.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.233 4.80 475.71
54 37.0 0.6 21.0 0.9 1.249 5.00 478.07
55 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
56 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
57 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
58 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
59 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
60 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
61 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
62 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
63 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
64 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
65 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
66 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
67 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
68 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
69 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58
70 38.0 0.6 20.0 0.9 1.257 5.00 461.58

B. Ph lc tnh ton cho dm thp hnh cn nng theo tiu chun Chu u:

87