International conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES)-2016

Reduction of Mutual coupling by desegregated with EBG Structure for Microstrip

Antenna Array Radar Applications

K.Vasu Babu, Reasearch Scholor Prof. B.Anuradha Prof. k.Chandra bhushana rao
Electronics & communication Engineering Dept. of E.C.E Dept. of E.C.E
Sri Venkateswara University,Tirupati, Sri Venkateswara University JNTUK, Vizianagaram
Andhara Pradesh, India Andhara Pradesh, India Andhara Pradesh, India
vasubabuece@gmail.com anubhuma@yahoo.com cbraokota@yahoo.com

Abstract- The development and the employment of methods to
reduce the mutual coupling between the elements of a array
antennas is become a hot topic in the design of array antennas.
The use of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures is a
good way to reduce the excitation of surface waves in
geometries of printed antenna in order to alleviate the problem
of mutual coupling. This paper examines the performance of a
microstrip antenna integrated phased array in an EBG. A
novel EBG array configuration is proposed, the bandgap
characteristic of mushroom-like EBG has been studied, its
spacing of characteristic band of the deletion of the surface
wave is demonstrated by plotting the variations of the
transmission coefficient S12 with the frequency and scatter
diagram. The design of the antenna is verified by High
Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS), the simulation HFSS
results show that the design approach EBG is a good candidate
for a reduction of mutual coupling to certain frequencies
between elements of the radiator, which in turn increases the
directivity of the antenna.
Keywords: Mutual coupling reduction, antenna arrays,
Electromagnetic band gap structures(EBG), reflection phase,
Multiple input Multiple output (MIMO), Specific Absorption
Rate (SAR)
I.INTRODUCTION
The differences in electromagnetic band gaps (EBGs) with
their structures of periodic type has acquired a great deal of
interest in academic and in the microwave RF industries due
to their extraordinary the deletion of the surface wave
property. The band - gap characteristics of the EBG are
revealed in two ways. The repression of the propagation of a
surface wave moves along the structure in the frequency
bands specified and is guided in a direction that is desirable
in forbidding the propagation of electromagnetic waves in
certain frequency bands, and the reflection coefficient in
phase [4]. Therefore, if the EBG structure is applied to the
mobile phone antennas, the electromagnetic waves
undesirable can be prevented [8] , and the frequency of the
band can be notched [2]. The deletion of the surface wave
contributes to improving the performance of antenna by
increasing the antenna gain and the reduction of back
radiation [8]. Various structures EBG have been studied
extensively in the last decade [11,1,15]. Linear array of
microstrip antennas are popular candidates to entry multiple
input multiple output (MIMO) systems and radar
applications such as spatial tracking. Accordingly, the
introduction of a EBG structure "In an antenna array"
reduces the inter-elementary spacing, however, the integrity
of each element is sacrificed as a direct consequence. In [7]
and [3], of approximately 16 dB reduction of mutual
coupling is obtained by the insertion of several Defected
ground structures (DGS), but the radiation of the rear lobe
has been increased due to the existence of the slots in the
ground plane. In this paper, we propose a new compact
mushroom-like EBG configuration with a gap of band
centerd to WLAN band 5.8 GHz. The phase of reflection of
the EBG surface varies continuously from 180o to -180o
with the frequency, and near the resonance at high
impedance, a plane wave is reflected in phase ( 90o to -90o)
in [6] . The frequency band where the phase of reflection
coefficient which is useful for the antennas to low profile
for achieving a good return loss is in the range of 90o 45o,
instead of going out of phase, as on a surface of PEC and
thus the surface EBG meets the PMC as a condition in this
frequency band. The patch antenna has a size of 14x11.4
mm2, and the system of antennas resonated at a frequency of
5.8 GHz. A reduction of a mutual coupling approximately -
47.23 dB has been reached when the EBG structures are
used between the matrix of the elements which have been
separated from 0.585.8 GHz (30mm), where 5.8GHz is the free
space wavelength at the antenna resonance frequency of
5.8GHz. The surface-wave deletion helps to improve the
antenna's performance by increasing the antenna gain and
reducing back radiation [8]. Various EBG structures have
been studied extensively in the last decade [11,1,15]. Linear
array of microstrip antennas are popular candidates for
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems and radar
applications such as spatial tracking. An important
requirement for these applications is high integration
densities to utilize available substrate space efficiently. In
[7] and [3], about 16 dB reduction in mutual coupling is
achieved by inserting multiple rectangular defected ground
structures (DGS), goal the back radiation lobe has been
increased because of the existence of the slots in the ground
plane. In this paper, we propose a novel compact
mushroom-like EBG configuration with a band gap centered
at WLAN 5.8GHz band. Information about the band gaps
are calculated from Ansoft, based on the algorithm of FEM
algorithm.

978-1-5090-4620-1/16/$31.00 2016 IEEE

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 International conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES)-2016

II. EBG STRUCTURES
The mushroom like EBG structure has been proposed for
the first time in [9], it consists of four parts: a plan of
ground, a substrate dielectric, metal patches, and the
connection of vias. This structure EBG clearly from the stop
band of the propagation of surface waves. Fig.1 shows a
square unit cell of this mushroom-like structure used in the
EBG proposed configuration. This structure presents
interesting behavior in the microwave frequencies. The
frequency of the forbidden band of the EBG structure can be
adjusted by changing the geometrical dimensions of each
cell. In the present case, the resonant frequency of the
antenna is selected to 5.8 GHz. The design parameters of the
EBG structure are denominated in Fig. 1.
that the antenna resonate around 5.8 GHz. Although the
existence of the EBG structure has some effects on the input
matches of the antennas, all the antennas still have better
than -10 dB matches. Without the EBG structure, the
antenna shows a strong mutual coupling of -21 dB. If the
EBG structures are employed, the mutual coupling level
changes and the reduction of mutual coupling about 47.23
dB at the resonance frequency has been achieved. In order
to use for MIMO applications, the mutual coupling should
be minimized to a low value as possible. It is clear that the
EBG structure helps in reducing mutual coupling thus
providing good isolation between the two antenna elements
IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Fig.3 shows the simulated and measured directive gain of
the proposed antenna structure operated at a frequency of
5.8 GHz
XY Plot 11 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT
7.00
Curve Info
DirTotal
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='5.8GHz' Phi='0deg'
6.00 DirTotal
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='5.8GHz' Phi='90deg'

5.00

4.00
DirTotal

3.00

2.00

Fig.1. Unit cell of mushroom-like EBG structure 1.00

III. ANTENNA DESIGN AND ANALYSIS 0.00

-200.00 -150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00
Theta [deg]
50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00

Fig.3. Directivity gain of the proposed antenna

The geometry of the proposed antenna array is shown in
Fig.4 shows the radiation pattern of the proposed antenna
fig.2, the antenna is printed on a FR4 substrate with
with a good agreement results of proposed structure.
dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness h=1.6 mm.
Radiation Pattern 5 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT

0 Curve Info
rETotal
-30 30 Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='5.8GHz' Phi='0deg'
20.00
rETotal
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
15.00 Freq='5.8GHz' Phi='90deg'

-60 60
10.00

5.00

-90 90

-120 120

Fig.2. Patch antenna array with EBG structures

-150 150
The proposed periodic structure exhibits a band gap of 4.5 -180
GHz at 7 GHz, where it can suppress the unwanted surface
waves.These characteristics are utilized to improve the Fig.4. Radiation pattern of the proposed antenna
mutual coupling (or isolation) between a two element E-
plane coupled microstrip antenna array. As depicted in Fig. Fig.5 represents the measurement of VSWR With improved
2, a 2 x 5 EBG matrix is inserted between two rectangular value compared to different structure of other antenna
elements of array. The antennas size is 11.4mm 14 mm, and shapes.
the distance between the antennas is 30mm. It is observed

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 International conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES)-2016

XY Plot 5 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT

37.50 Curve Info
VSWR(1)
Setup1 : Sw eep XY Plot 12 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT
0.00
Curve Info
dB(S(1,1))
Setup1 : Sw eep
Name X Y
-2.50
25.00 m1 5.8100 1.3502

VSWR=1.35
VSWR(1)

-5.00

Name X Y

12.50
-7.50

m15.8-16.5

dB(S(1,1))
-10.00

m1

0.00 -12.50
4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00
Freq [GHz]

Fig.5. VSWR measurement of the proposed antenna -15.00

m1
Fig.6 represents the reduction of mutual coupling between -17.50
4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00
the antenna elements by changing the shape of the proposed Freq [GHz]

antenna shown in Fig.1. High frequency structure Fig.7. Return loss (S11) of the proposed antenna
simulator(HFSS) software base on Method of Moments
(MOM) is used to simulate the microstrip antennas. The
return loss(S11) of the proposed antenna with EBG structure
as shown in the fig.7. The field distribution of proposed
antenna consists of improvement in ecah field component
and surface current by integrated a Electromagnetic Band
gap structure (EBG) and by changinging the shape of the
proposed mcrostrip MIMO antenna using the application of
radars got good results compared to without using the EBG
structures. Fig.(8),(9) and (10) represents the the field
distribution of electeic & magnetic fields and surface
current distribution of the proposed antenna structure. The
quantum energy of radio frequency radiatonis so low the
radiation cannot ionizebiological materials like human
tissues. Thus the harmful biological effects of radio
frequency radiation are limited to those caused by the rise of
the temparatureof the tissues due to absorption of the RF
energy. It is essential to determine the absorption of the
energy per unit mass of tisa sue described with quantify Fig.8. Electric field representation of proposed antenna
called the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) which is shown
in Fig.12 and also represents the gain total of the proposed
antenna structure shown in Fig.11.
XY Plot 12 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT
-30.00 Curve Info
dB(S(1,2))
Setup1 : Sw eep
-32.50

-35.00

-37.50

-40.00
dB(S(1,2))

-42.50

-45.00

m1
-47.50 Name X Y

-50.00
m1 5.8700 -47.2372
-52.50
4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00
Freq [GHz]

Fig.6. Mutual coupling Reduction (S12) of the proposed

antenna

Fig.9. Magnetic field representation of proposed antenna

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 International conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES)-2016
Fig.10. Surace current representation of proposed antenna
Fig.11. SAR of the proposed antenna
Fig.12. Gain total of the proposed antenna
V. CONCLUSION
In the present paper, a mushroom-like structure for the
miniaturization of EBG structure with mutual coupling
reduces has been introduced. The EBG structure is analyzed
using the Ansoft HFSS. The final results show a -47.23 dB
reduction of mutual coupling and a reduction of the size
compared to antenna array structure proposed in the
literature [4]. EBG structures for an operating frequency of
5.8 GHz have been presented and several useful properties
of the structure have been studied, such as the gap of the
band in phase coefficient of reflection and S-parameters.
These properties make the proposed structure EBG a good
applicant to allow the design of antennas to low profile, and
the removal of the surface wave band of prohibited effects
which improves the performance of the antenna.
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