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Abstract This paper describes the application of MPPT to 1kW/m2 and ambient temperature of 250c. Equation (2) shows
solar PV system and presents a comparative study between the non linear characteristics of the diode (solar cell) which is
different mppt algorithms using different dc-dc converters. The generally made of silicon because of its wide temperature
MPPT algorithm is very effective electronic means to operate the limits and peak inverse voltage. Equation (5) and (6) shows
pv array at its MPP regardless of changing environmental
conditions. The working methodology of direct MPPT control is
the relationship between PV current and the temperature. A
illustrated in detail .This paper presents the comparative study of single diode model representation of a solar cell is shown in
two dc-dc converters in terms of output current and voltage Fig. 1.
ripple .similarly the efficiency of system with two different
algorithm is studied and presented under varying uniform and
non-uniform irradiation conditions. Matlab R2014a version used
for simulation studies. The effectiveness of the MPPT in
standalone PV system is represented through simulation results
in this work.
978-1-5090-2597-8/16/$31.00 2016
c IEEE 1690
G= irradiance (W/m2); Iscr= short circuit current; Ki= short is negative. The selection of dc-dc converter is based upon
circuit current temperature coefficient at Iscr T= module voltage and current ripple, cost, transient response, switching
operating temperature; Tr=reference temperature; Irs=module losses and efficiency. The introduction and the design aspects
reverse saturation current; Is= module saturation current; Ipv= of these converters are mentioned below.
module output current.
A. Buck-Boost converter
II.SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig. 2 shows the system block diagram of a standalone PV
system with a constant resistive load.
2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) Proceedings of the International Conference 1691
transfers the energy stored in it. [3]. The DC input voltage and
the output voltage source through C1 are converted to current
sources by the inductors L1 and L2 respectively. The parasitic
resistance limits the current in case if the capacitor gets
connected to the voltage source and subsequently energy loss
[4]. The inductor and capacitor ratings for Cuk converter is
given in Table I:
Table : I
Parameters/components Ratings
1692 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) Proceedings of the International Conference
module. Also as irradiance decreases the value of duty cycle dI I
decreases. = ( ) at MPP (20)
dV V
dI I
A. PERTURB AND OBSERVE MPPT ALGORITHM > ( ) to the left of MPP (21)
dV V
It is the most popular and widely accepted MPPT algorithm.
dI I
In perturb and observe, a perturbation in voltage results when < ( ) to the right of MPP (22)
the load point is far away from the MPP point due to changing dV V
environmental conditions. This perturbation results in changes
of the power in the solar module. The perturbation extends
itself in the same orientation as long as the power increases.
When the maximum power is reached, at the next instance of
time, the power decreases progressively and the direction is
reversed. The algorithm oscillates at the steady state around
the maximum point. To keep the variation in power small, the
size of the perturbation is kept made small. In this technique
the operating point oscillates about the MPP point but does not
coincides to MPP point and this problem is more pronounced
under non uniform conditions [7]. The basic principle of
operation is that at MPP, the gradient of P-V curve vanishes.
From the gradient, it is possible to obtain a corresponding
location of this load point. The change in power with respect
to the change in voltage is defined as the gradient. The
relations are given as below.
dP
= 0 at MPP (17)
dV
dP
> 0 at the left of MPP (18) Fig 7: Flowchart of incremental conductance algorithm
dV
dP V. SIMULATION RESULTS:
< 0 at the right of MPP (19)
dV The IV and PV curve for solar module of given specification is
given below. The temperature being constant equal to 25oc
B. INCREMENTAL CONDUTANCE MPPT ALGORITHM: ambient temperature, the irradiance is varied from 1000Wm2 to
The incremental conductance overcomes the aforementioned 200W/m2. The BP SX150 model PV module is taken in this
short comes of PO algorithm. PV module voltage and current work [9]-[13].
are first recorded by the algorithm. As shown in Fig. 7, the The corresponding IV and PV curve for varying irradiance and
gradient values dI and dV are calculated using the previous temperature are depicted in Fig. 8 to Fig. 10 respectively.
values of current and voltage. The operating point is said to be
on the left hand side if (21) is satisfied and it is shifted to the
other side y increasing the module voltage. [8]. In the same Pmax Vmp Imp Isc VOC
way, it is assumed that the operating point is on the right hand
side if (22) is satisfied and it can be moved to the other side by 150W 34.5V 4.35 A 3.75 A 43.5 V
decreasing the module voltage. This voltage changes is held
until the operating point attains the MPP and satisfies (20).
One cycle of operation is said to be completed when the
algorithm stores the final values of the variables which are
then used in the subsequent cycles of operation as current
values. Atmospheric conditions are also important conditions
to be met by the algorithm. No operation is performed by the
algorithm if the MPPT continues to operate at the MPP
condition i.e. dV = 0 with no change in the irradiation
condition i.e. dI = 0. When the irradiation is increased i.e. dI
> 0, it increases the MPP voltage [8]. At the same instant, the
algorithm tries to increase the operating voltage to track the
MPP point. In a similar way, the algorithm lowers the MPP Fig. 8. IV curve for different irradiance at 25oc
voltage if the irradiation is decreased i.e. dI < 0). The
algorithm decreases the operating voltage at this instant.
2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) Proceedings of the International Conference 1693
Fig 12: graph for output current, voltage and power without MPPT.
Fig. 9. PV curve for different irradiance at 25oc
The variation of input resistance with varying irradiance is
shown here.
1694 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) Proceedings of the International Conference
regulated than PO algorithm. From the above graph the
performance of PV system with MPPT is highly affected with
the varying irradiance level. It is clear that the realization of
incremental conductance MPPT algorithm is better even for
the non uniform irradiance level while in case of perturb and
observe, the PV power is more varying and unsteady. It
decreases the efficiency of the system when the operating
point is far away from the MPP point. The incremental
Fig 15. Comparison of PV power with and without MPPT
conductance methodology with CUK converter exactly
matches the operating point with MPP point and PV system
The simulation time for the Comparative study of Module power is highly optimized.
Power at varying Irradiance for different MPPT algorithm is
taken as 0.5 s. The varying irradiance means irradiance has VII. REFERENCES
[1] Bidyadhar Subudhi and Raseswari Pradhan, A Comparative Study on
been changed from 0.6KW/m2 for 1s to 1KW/m2 for 2.5 s and Maximum Power PointTracking Techniques for Photovoltaic Power
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under varying irradiance condition is erratic while it is smooth [2] Supreeth K, K Shanmukha Sundar, D.Balamurugan, Performance
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[5] Azadeh Safari and Saad Mekhilef, Simulation and Hardware
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Fig 16: Comparison of Module Power at 0.4KW/m2 Irradiance
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[9] Kun Ding, XinGao Bian, HaiHao Liu, and Tao Peng, A MATLAB-
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Fig. 17 Comparison of Module Power at varying Irradiance Conditions of Non uniform Irradiance, IEEE Trans. on energy
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VI .CONCLUSIONS [10] Ahteshamul Haque, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Scheme
It is observed that the MPPT is indispensible in PV system to for Solar Photovoltaic System , Energy Technology & Policy (2014),
vol. 1, pp. 115122 Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group,
optimize the PV power at any environmental conductance LLC ISSN: 2331-7000.
.With the implementation of MPPT, PV power at low [11] Kok Soon Tey and Saad Mekhilef, Modified Incremental Conductance
irradiance (0.4KW/m2) has been boosted 60 W and 58W Algorithm for Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading Conditions
respectively in Inc. Cond. and PO algorithm from 11.2W and Load Variation, IEEE Trans on Ind. electronics, vol. 61, no. 10,
which we were getting from PV system without MPPT. Even Oct. 2014.
[12] http://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom
though the time response of PO algorithm is faster than that of
[13]www.bpsolar.com
Inc. Cond. the power extracted by Inc. Cond. MPPT is more
2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) Proceedings of the International Conference 1695