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(@ Printed Pages: 2 Roll No... (i) Questions 39 Sub. Code: [41516] 6) Exam. Code: [7/1] 0 B.A.LL.B. (Hons.)-4 Semester 2042 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Paper:1V Time Allowed : Three Hours} [Maximum Marks : 80 Note:— Attempt five questions inall, selecting two questions each from Unit and Unit-ITof 15 marks each. Unit-II1 is compulsory and of (4x5) 20 marks, UNIT-I 1, Define administrative law and differentiate it from constitutional law. 2, _ Illustrate with the help of decided cases the doctrine of separation of powers under the Constitution of India. 3. Explain the doctrine of legitimate expectation. Can this doctrine be violated on the ground of change of 'policy’ ? Discuss. 4, Whatis the liability of administration in the cases of breach of contract ? Explain with the help of decided case law in India. 4866/FPD-30205 {Turn over UNITHI 5. Can'administrative tribunals’ replace the jurisdiction of the Supren Court and High Courts under Articles 32 and 226 respectively Explain, 6. Which writ/s shall be issued in the following cases to review t administrative decision ? (a) A college violates the merit list for the admission to t! B.ALL.B, Course, (6) AConsumer Forum exercises its jurisdiction wrongly. (©) Anemployee has been transferred. (@ _Aclerkcin the school has been assigned the job of teachit by the Headmaster, and clerk starts taking classes. (©) Aperson has been detained by the Army in Srinagar. 7. Discuss the scope of judicial review in the cases of finality clan in the statute, 8. Write acomprehensive note on the doctrine of proportionalit: UNITALL 9. Write notes on the following : (a) Exclusion offudicial review (>) Laches and delay (©) Promissory estoppel (@) Droitadministratif. 4566/FPD-30205 st Lb (@ Printed Pages: 2 Roll No. (i) Questions +9 Sub.Code: [5 [0 [i 13} Exam. Code: [6 |7 15 B.A.LL.B (Hons.) 5 Years 4"Semester 1043 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Paper: 1V Time Allowed : Three Hours] {Maximum Marks : 80 Note :— Attempt five questions inall, selecting two questions from each ‘Unit-Iand II of 15 marks each. Unit-I is compulsory and of (4S) 20 marks. - UNIT 1. Define administrative law and determine its ambit and seope by separating it from constitutional law. 15 2. Discuss the doctrine of separation of powers and its relation and contribution towards the growth of administrative law in India, 15 43, Explain the concept of delegated legislation and judicial control over it, 15 4, Discuss the liability of administration in the cases of torts in India, 15 ‘S013/Bry-47277 (Turn over UNITHI 5. What are the main characteristics, jurisdiction and procedure of the administrative tribunals ? 15. 6, Define judicial review and also explain its limits. Can the court issue a writ, where the alternative remedy is available ? 15 7. What do you mean by rule against bias ? Explain its types with the help of decided case law in India. 15 8. _ Explain the main grounds of judicial review: Can itbe conducted on the basis of violation of legitimate expectations ? 15 UNIT 9, Write short notes on the following : @ Ruleoflaw Gi) Promissory Estoppel i) Exclusion of audi-alteram partem iv) Statutory public corporation. 4x5=20 5013/BXY-47277 ro Exam.Code:673 ‘Sub. Code: 5021 1113 BA/B.Com. LLB (Hons.) Forth Semester Paper-IV: Administrative Law (Same for P-IV: Administrative Law 5° Semester) ota. ‘Time allowed: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80 NOTE: Attempt two questions each from Unit I & IL Unit IIT is compulsory: ex UNIT-1 What is Administrative Law? How American and English approach differ in defining administrative law. (15) Define Rule of Law. To what extent it has been incorporated in the Constitution of India. (1s) What is Delegated Legislation? Discuss its constitutionality (15) What is Promissory Estoppel? Discuss its development with the help of decided cases. (15) UNIT- VL. vu. a) How Administrative Tribunals are different from courts? Trace the reasons for their growth and explain the characteristics of Administrative Tribunals, (10) b) Mr. ‘A’ challenges the seniority of *B’ by filing a PIL before the Administrative Tribunal. Both ‘A’ and ‘B* are employees of Statutory Corporation. Discuss its validity. ©) a) Discuss the scope of Judicial Review and explain the cases in which judicial review can be excluded. ao) b) Mr. “A” seeks a judicial review by filing a petition in the High Court on the ground that the action of the administration has violated his legitimate expectation, Discuss its validity. © a) What are the principles of Natural Justice? Discuss different types of bias. (10) 7.0. ‘Sub, Code: 5021 Q) b) During the examination, it was found that in a particular center, 80% of the students were copying from the books. The flying squad reported the matter to the university and the university cancelled the examination of the entire center without providing an opportunity of hearing to any candidate. Does it validate the principle of Natural Justice? ‘What are Statutory Public Corporations? Discuss their characteristics. UNIT Explain the following: 4) Relationship between Constitutional Law and Administrative Law b) Privileges to withhold the documents ©) Doctrine of Proportionality 4) Speaking order 6) «sy (5x4) FS () Printed Pages: 2 Roll No. (Questions 29 Sub. Code: 101211) Exam. Code: [6[7[3 B.A.LL.B. Hons.) 5 Years 4*Semester 1044 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW (Same for B.Com. LL.B.) Paper-IV ‘Time Allowed : Three Hours] {Maximum Marks : 80 Note :— Attempt five questions inal selecting two questions each from Unit [and Il of 15 marks each. Unit Ill is compulsory and of (4x5) 20 marks. UNIT 1. Discuss the nature and scope of administrative law and bring out the relationship between administrative law and constitutional law. 15 2, _ Discuss the concept of Rule of Law and its contribution towards the growth of administrative law in India. 15 3, Explain the concept of Delegated Legislation and the various controls overt. 15 4, Discuss the liability of administration in the cases of contracts in India. 15 5021/BST-5527S [Turn over ‘ UNIT Discuss the reasons for the growth of Administrative Tribunals in India. What are the main characteristics, jurisdiction and procedure of the Administrative Tribunals ? 15 ‘Define Judicial Review of administrative action with special reference tothe grounds of judicial review. 15 Explain the principles of Natural Justice. What are the exceptions to these principles of natural justice ? 15 Discuss the concept of Statutory Public Corporations. Explain the liabilities of the statutory public corporations. 15 UNIT Write short notes on the following ~ @ Separation of Powers (Privilege to withhold the documents Gv) Legitimate Expectation. 4x5=20 5021/BST-S5275 600 @ Printed Page Gi) Questions :9 Sub. Code: [419 | 8/9) Exam. Code: [6 | 7]3 B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) 5 Years 4" Semester Roll No. 1045 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW (Common with B.Com, LLB.) Paper—IV ‘Time Allowed : Three Hours} [Maximum Marks : 80 Note: Attempt five questions in all, selecting two questions each from Units and If of 15 marks each. Unit-Il is compulsory and of (45) 20 marks. UNIT 1. "Administrative law has been characterized as the most outstanding legal development of the twentieth century” Explain the nature and scope of Administrative law bringing out its relationship with Constitutional law. 15 2. Disouss the concept of Rule of Law and its importance under the Indian Law. 15 3. Whatare the factors leading to the growth of Delegated Legislation ? Explain the variouscontrolsoverDelegated Legislation. 15 4. Discuss the liability of administration in the cases of torts in India. 15 4989/BEG-26592 [Turn over UNITAL ‘Write a detailed note on Administrative Tribunals in India. Explain the scope of Judicial review over Administrative adjudication. 15 Define Judicial Review ofadministrative action with special reference ‘to the grounds of Judicial review. 15 Discuss the concept of Statutory Public Corporations with special emphasis on their status, rights and liabilities. 15 Explain the prineiples of Natural Justice. What are the exceptions to the principles of Natural Justice ? 15 UNITHIT Write shortnoteson the following (a) Separation of Powers ) DroitAdminisuatif (© Privilegeto withhold documents (a) Doctine of Promissory Estoppel. 4x5=20 4989/BEG-26592 600 @ Printed Pages: 2 Roll No. (i) Questions 39 Sub. Code: 419 1912 Exam. Code: |0| 6 |7 13 B.A/B.Com. LL.B, (Hons.) 5 Year Integrated Course, 4® Semester 1046 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW (Same for B.Com. LL.B.) Paper :1V ‘Time Allowed : Three Hours] [Maximum Marks : 80 Note : Attempt five questions in al, sclecting two questions each from Units I and Il of 15 marks each. Unit IIT is compulsory and of (4*5) 20 marks. UNIT-1 1. “Administrative Law isas old as any organised administration". In the light of the above statement, discuss the meaning, nature and scope of Administrative Law. Bring out the relationship between ‘Administrative Law and Constitutional Law. 15 2. "The concept ofrule of law is opposed to arbitrary powers”. Explain the conceptofrule of law and its importance underthe Indian law. 15 3. Critically examine the theory of separation of powers and explain sto how this theory has helped in the growth of administrative law? 15 4992/BIK-3400$ [Turn over 4, What are the factors leading to the growth of Delegated Legislation? Explain the various controls of Delegated Legislation. 15 UNIT-1 5, Write @ detailed note on government privilege to withhold documents. Discuss the importance of this privilege in UK, USA and India. 15 6. Define Judicial Review of administrative action with the help of decided case laws. What are the various grounds for the exercise of Writ Jurisdiction? 15 7. What are the reasons for the growth of Administrative Tribunals ? ‘Write a note on the structure and procedure of the Administrative ‘Tribunals. 15 8. Explain the principles of Natural Justice, What are the exceptions tothe principle of natural justice ? 15 UNITAIL 9. Write short notes onthe following: (a) DroitAdministratif ©) Doctrine of Fstoppel (©) Forms of Delegated Legislation (@) Waiver of Fundamental Rights 5x4=20 4992/BIK-34004 +s 1000 (i) Printed Pages : 2 ROM NO, c.ccccsceccseese ee (i) Questions :9 Sub. Code: [419 19] 2! Exam. Code: 7 B.Com. LL.B, (Hons.) 5 Years 4" Semester 1045 MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES (Major)}-I Paper-I Time Allowed : Three Hours] (Maximum Marks : 80 Note: Attempt five questions in all. including Q. No. IX (U nit), which is compulsory and selecting two each from Unit-I and Unit-Il (15 marks each). UNIT-1 I. “Decision-making is a solution selected after examining several alternatives." Discuss. 15 II. Explain the concept and essence of planning alongwith its process. 15 HL. Define Staffing, What is its scope and challenges? IV. "To manage ts to forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to eoordinate and control.’ Discuss. 1S 4992/BEG-26494 (‘Turn over Reonenin unt a0) ipal eadersIP styles usually adopted in VV) V piscuss the prinoiP sg, NSO critically evaluate the Trait-Approach'. ines: of leadership. ffective communication ? What ‘A115 barriers to C . a m: vn Explainthe Porte and Lawlet Model of Motivation. 15 VII. Givea detailed note on Knowledge Management. 15 UNIT-Il IX. Whriteshortnotes on. (a) Spanof Control 5 (b) Management by Objectives 5 (c) Corporate Governance 5 5 (d) Decentralisation vs. Departmentation. 4992/BEG-26594 200 ‘Exam. Code:79 Sub. Code: 608 1043, B.Com. LL.B. (Hons.) 4" Sem. Paper-I; Management Concepts and Practices(Major)-1 Time allowed: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80 Note: Attempt five questions in all, including Q. No. IX (Unit-1D which is compulsory and selecting two each from Unit-l & Il. IL Tl. VL Vil, vill. Unit Clearly explain the nature and significance of management. as) Write a detailed note on schools of management thought. as) Define Planning. Deseribe the steps involved in planning.\ (1s) ‘What is delegation of authority? What are the difficulties involved in the process of delegation? How can delegation be made effective? (as) Unit Define motivation. What i its importance for 2 business? as) ‘How would the business leaders of tomorrovffrom the business leaders of today? Discuss. (as) Explain in detail the various barriers to effective communication. (as) Discuss the nature and process of control. (as) Unit 4) Contemporary approaches to Management by Difference between formal and informal organization ©) Management of Strategic change Corporate Governance (5x4) @ Printed Pages: 2 Roll No. (i) Questions: 9 Sub. Code: [510 [214] Exam. Code: [6] 7[3] ‘B.Com. LL.B. (Hons.) 5 Years 4 Semester 1044 MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES (Major)-I Paper-I Time Allowed : Three Hours} [Maximum Marks : 80 Note :-Attempt five questions in all, including Q. No. IX (Unit-II), which is compulsory and selecting two each from Unit I and Unit II (15 marks each). UNIT—1 I. “Elton Mayo is known as ‘Father of Human Relation School’” Comment. 15 IL, “Planning isthe thinking process and managers being men of action. should have no relevance of it”. Comment. 15 III “Decision Making is Essence of Management.” Comment. 15 IV. Define Delegation. Whatare its elements ?Also explain importance ofdelegation. 15 5024/BST-20029 [Turn over UNIT V. What is controlling ? Discuss steps involyed in controlling process. How can we establish an efficient control system in an organisation ? 15 VI. Write a detailed note on corporate governance. 15 VIL. Compare and contrast the Maslow and Herzberg theories of Motivation. Also critically evaluate Herzberg theory of Motivation. 15 VIIl. Define communication. What are the common barriers to communication in an organisation. How can they be overcome. 15 UNITAI IX. Write short notes on (a) Knowledge Management 5 (b) Difference between Manager and Leader 5 (©) Nature of Management 5 (@)_Likert’s system of management (leadership). 5 5024/BST-20029 200 CO Printed Pages:2 RollN Gi)” Questions: 9 Sub. Code: (S10 [013 \ \\o Exam. Code: [0|6 |7|3 \AP B.A/B.Com. LL.B. (Hons) 5 Year Integrated Course, 4 Semester 1046 MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES (Major) Paper : Il ‘Time Allowed : Three Hours} [Maximum Marks : 80 Note: (1) This question paper has three Units (2) Unit and Unit IT have four questions of 15 marks each and. the candidate is required to attempt any two questions from each Unit. (3) Unit-IIl is compulsory and consists of 4 short notes of marks each. UNIT-1 1. Define Management. Explain the nature, process and significance of Management. 15 2, Explain the meaning of’Staffing’, Describe the nature, scope and challenges of tafing, 15 3, Describe the concept of Planning’. What are the different types of Planning ? Explain the process of planning. 15 5003/BIK-67 [Turn over 4, Write short nots on the following: (@) Management by Objectives (>) Concept, Nature and Significance of Organising. TSx2-15 UNITHI 5. Define Leadership. Explain different theories of Leadership. 15 6, _ Explain the process of Communication. What are the barriers to Effective Communication ? 15 7. Describe in detail the different theories of Motivation. 15 8. Write short notes on the following: (@) Management of Strategie Change (b) Knowledge Management, 7.5*2=15 UNIT-IL 9. Write short notes on the following : (@) ManagingDiversity (b) Corporate Governance (©) Authorityand Responsibility (@)_ Delegation versus Decentralisation. Sx4=20 5003/BIK-67 300 Time Allowed: 3 hours Note: Attempt five questions in all, including Q. No. IX (Univ-II), which is compulsory and selecting atleast two each from Unit I & IE. 1043 -0-0- UNIT |. Fit straight line trend equation by the method of least square and estimate the trend values. Also forecast the value for 1999: B.Com. LL.B. Hons.) 4" Semester Paper-II: Business Mathematics & Statistics (Major)-II ‘Sub. Code: 6086 Max. Marks: 80 Year _{ 1989 | 1990 [ 1991 [i992 [1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996, Value | 80 [92 [92 [3 [93 [99 | 92 | 104 (a5) Tl. What do you mean by a Time Series? Explain different components of a time series, (as) I. a) Explain the following terms: i) Diagonal Matrix ii) Symmetric Matrix iii) Rank of a Matrix Gx) b) Solve the following system of equations using Crammer’s rule: 3x+4y+52=11 x+6y+2=13 2x + 7y +2=16 o IV. a) Solve graphically the following Linear Programming Problem: Minimize Z=3x) +2.25 x2 Subjectto 2x1 + 4x22 40 Sxj $2x35 50 x10 @) b) Find coefficient of variation of the following data: x £ 20-30 3 30-40 61 40-50 132 50-60 152 60-70 140 70-80 51 80-90 2 aM vill. ‘Sub. Code: 6086 a UNIT 2) What do you mean by correlation? Explain different types of correlation. oO b) Find Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation of the following data: (x65 | 66 [67 67 | 68 9 70 R tycber es [6s | os | 2 nm | o [a @) 8) Explain the properties of regression coeficients. b) From the data given below find: i) two regression equations ii) the coefficient of correlation between marks in Economics and Statisties wasn 1S] 28 35] 2 ot] 3] | BY] Te Economics Marks in | 43 | 46 | 49] 41 36 | 32 | 31 30 | 33 | 39 Statistics | _ 0) a) _ State and prove addition theorem of probability. o b)_Acbag contains 8 white and 4 red balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What a) » » O) @) is the probability that: i) Both are white ii) Both are red iii) One is white and one is red ®) Explain the properties of normal distribution. o Using Lagrange’s formula to calculate the no. of students geting marks less ‘that 40 ‘Marks less than 20 30 4 [50 ‘No. of students 20 0 | __—68 unit-D @) Characteristics of Binomial Distribution. Functions of statistics. Find the sum which becomes Rs. 270 after 3% years at 10% per year at simple interest. Difference between correlation and regression. (6x4) 0-0" (@ Printed Pages: 3 Roll No. .. Gi) Questions: 12 Sub. Code: [5101215 Exam. Code: |6 | 7 | 3 B.Com.LL.B. (Hons.) 5 Years 4" Semester 1044 BUSINESS MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (Major)— II Paper—IT Time Allowed : Three Hours] [Maximum Marks : 80 Note : Attempt any two questions each from Unit-I and Unit-Il. Bach of them carries 15 marks. Unit-1Il is compulsory and each question in itis of 5 marks, Use of simple calculator is allowed, t UNIT 1. Max. Z = 60x, + 40x, s.t. constraints x, = 25 x, $35 2x, + x, = 60 and x,, x, 2 0. Use Graphic method. 15 2. Using 1994 as origin, obtain a straight line trend using method of Least Squares : Year : 1990 1992 1993 1994 1995 1995 1999 Value: 140 144 1152168175180 Find trend for 1991 15 8025/BST-55278 1 [Turn over aba, Py S13 3x, + 2x, + x, = 16 Solve the equations by using Crammer’s Rule. (©) _ Explain various properties of Determinant, 10+5 Explain the functions and limitations of Statistics, 1s UNIT Determine the percentage of criminals under 35 years of age using appropriate Interpolation technique : Age Percentage of Criminals Under 25 Years 52.0 Under 30 Years 673 Under 40 Years 84.1 ‘Under 50 Years 94.4 15 (@ What is the chance that a non leap year has 53 Sundays ? (b) A bag contains 3 white and 4 black and 5 red balls, Three balls are drawn at random one after another without replacement. Find the probability tha the firsts white, second black and third is a red ball. (©) X follows anormal distribution with mean 8 and standard deviation 4. Find out the ‘probability that X takes value less than or equal to 5. 34646 5025/BST-85278 2 10. un | 12. J 5025/RS] 10. 1. 12. For certain X and Y series which are correlated, the lines of regression are: 10x — 12y + 180 = 0 30x — 16y — 260 = 0. Find out which is regression equation of Y on X and which is X on Y. Also calculate correlation coefficient. 15 (@) Explain difference between Correlation and Regression. (b) _Stateand prove multiplication theorem of probabilty. 7+8 UNIT-I Concept of Duality in LP. 8 ‘The True Discount on a bill due 2 years hence at 10 percent is Rs. 800. Find Banker's discount. 5 Merits of Rank method of measuring correlation. $ Area property of Normal distribution. 5 5025/BST-S5278 3 200 @ Printed Pages : 4 i) Questions 29 Sub. Code: [419 [ 973) Exam. Code: [6[7]3] B.Com. LL.B. (Hons.) 5 Years 4" Semester 1045, BUSINESS MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (Major)-II Paper-I1 ‘Time Allowed : Three Hours} [Maximum Marks : 80 Note: Attempt five questions inal, including Q.No. 9 (Unit IT) which is compulsory and selecting any two questions each from Unit and Unit UNIT 1. (@ Explain the following terms: @ — Rankofa Matrix Gi) Inverse ofa Matrix ii) Symmetric Matrix. 2x3=6 13 4 () IA=}3 -1 6) Prove that (A') 9 2. Whatdo youmean by atime series ? Explain different components ofa Time Series, 15 : m 4993/BEG-26842 1 7 [Turn over 3. @)_Solve graphically the following Linear Programming Problem : Mini Z=20 x, + 40x, si. 36x, + 6x, 2 108 3x, + 12x, 2 36 20x, + 10x, > 100 x, X20 8 (©) Ina frequency distribution of 100 families given below, the number of families corresponding to expenditure group (20-40) and (60-80) are missing from the table. However the Median is known to be Rs. 50. Find the missing frequencies : Expenditure (Rs.) | 0-20_| 20-40 | 40-60 |60-80| 80-100 No. of Families. 14 ele i a 7 4. (@) _Discussthe Limitations of Statistics. 5 (b) Fit a Straight line trend equation by the method of Least Squares nd estimate the trend values. Also forecast the value for 1998. Year [| 1989] 1990] 1991] 1992 Value | 80 92 94] 85 Year | 1993 | 1994 | 1995] 1996 Value | 95 99 94 | 104 10 4993/BEG-26842 2 ‘UNITAI 5. @ \Whatdo youmean by Correlation ? Explain the different types of Correlation. 7% © “Ten competitors ina beauty eontestare ranked by three Judges inthe following order: [Fintdudge__ [7 3 a 3 Second Judge |3 15 [8 [4 7 [1ol2 11 jo)0 [Third J © (4 lols fr [2 13 J vols Use Rank Correlation Coefficientto determine which pair of Judges has the nearest approach to common tastes in beauty 8 6. (@)_Explainthe properties of Regression Coeficien's 5 o) ‘Using Langrange's Formula of Interpolation find the data given below the number of Workers eaming between Rs. 30 and Rs.40. [Barning(Rs) | 15-20)20-30 30-45] 45-55 No. of Workers | 75 10 7. (a) Stateand Prove ‘Additions Theorem of Probability. 7 (b) “Abagcontzins 4 White and 6 Black balls. Another bagcontsins ‘4 White and 5 Black Balls. One ball is drawn from a bag selected at random. Find the Probability thatthe ‘ball drawn iswhite. 8 4993/BEG-26842 3 [Turn over 8. (@) Discuss the properties ofa Binomial Distribution. 5 (®) The height of soldiers sassumed to be normally distributed with a mean height of 68.22 inches anda variance of 10.8 inches. How many soldiers ina regiment of 1000 would you ‘expect to be over six feet tall ? 10 UNIT-I Writenotes on the following: @ Method of Least Squares (i) Properties ofa Determinant Gi) Conditional Probability Gv) Essentials ofa good measure of average. 4x5=20 4993/BEG-26842 4 200 @ — Printed Pages: 3 Uo Roll No, (i) “Questions: 12 Sub. Code: [5] 0 | 0/2 Exam. Code: [0/6 |7|3 B.AVB.Com. LL.B. (Hons.) 4 Semester, 5 Year Integrated Course 1046 BUSINESS MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (Minor) Paper Time Allowed : Three Hours} [Maximum Marks : 80 Note : Attempt any two questions each from Units land Il. Each question ‘carries 1S marks. Unit IITis compulsory and each question init is of S marks, Use of own simplenon-programmable calculator is allowed. UNIT 1. (@)> Use Matrix Inverse Method to solve: 2x+8y+52=5 xtytz=-2 x+2y-z2=2. (b) Discuss properties ofa determinant. 1045 2. Solveusing LP graphical technique: Mini, Z=x, +x, s.t 5x, + 10x, $50 x,+x,21 x84 where x,, x, 0. 15 5002/BIK-34285 1 [Turn over 3. Compare different measures of Central Tendency. 1s 4. Fitatrend using method of Least-Squares : ‘Year| 2004] 2005]2006|2007 [2008 [2009 [2010 Sales (inLT} 35] 36} 39] 80} 85] 90] 70 15 Also find short-term fluctuations, UNIT 5. Caleulate'r from the following table and interpret its significance : ¥ ]10-20] 20-30] 30-4q 40-50] 50-60] Tot x 0-10) 1 4 1 - + 6 10-2013 [2 } 1a | — | 10 20-30} - 2 5 1 = 6 so40[4 [2 [a [| - [- [a 40-50| 5. | Sy] =iidlpsapelagze| os 30-60] — _fressbellie2=to siren encanto Total} 8 10 9 5 3 35 15 6. (a) Writeanote on significance of Regression in social-science research, $002/BIK-34285 2 (©) _Intheestimation of regression equation of two variables X and Y, the following figures were obtained : X=90, Y=70, N=10 Dx? = 6360, Dy? = 2860, xy=3900 Form the two regression equations (Here x =X - XK and y=¥-¥.) 5+10 7. [Marks(upto) | 45] 50] 55] 60] 65 INo. of Candidates | 447 | 484 [505] 511 | 514 Estimate the no. of Candidates who scored 48 butnot more than ‘SOmarks using the figures given above, 15 8. (@) _1£3%ofelectric bulbs produced bya company are deffective. Find out probability that in a sample of 100 bulbs, exactly 5 are defective. (b) Assuming that probably out of 10 industrial accidents are due to fatigue, find out the probability that at least 2 of 8 industrial accidents will bedue to fatigue; also Sind the chance that exactly? of 8 accidents will be due to fatigue. (©) Whatis Conditional Probability? 54743 UNIT-IIL 9. Calculate simple interest when sum borrowed iss. 800 for 13 years at 1.5% rate of interest per month, 10. The Banker's gain on a bill due 3 years hence at 5% is Rs. 900. Find present worth of the bill. 11, Explain various functions ofstatistis, 12, Explain properties of correlation coefficient. 20 5002/BIK-34285 3 300 a ad 1 Cain Ayhich - aA sep iaory ate Hal: Et Cnauee to. Iv, All ques ons carry | Article 14 pro shibits "Glass Legislation" but permi: "C2asonable classification", Explain ° the propesiticns laid down. by determining the reasonable Also discuss — the Supreme Court LOR ness of thé classification, — I. Discuss the ; meaning and s cope of "the £r eedom of Speech and expressién" secured under article 19(1)(a). Does this froaedom includ. © commercial Speech ~ (advertisements)? UnLe Sct mil Explain the s Ope of the right of the minorities €S eStablish and administer educational institutions Of their choice, | iv, Explain tha Object underlying the Directive 4 Principles of State Policy, Also discuss the role | hl Of the Courts towards the implementation Of these ih es dirfetives. ; Vait~111 gxplain the meaning ani scope o ve | trade e F the freedom of — ae eee commerce and intercourse. available a? ies a. lies the expression "Human Rights", Discuss tHe’ role of the National Human Rights Commission dn containing the vi clation of humen rights, | Unit-v @ | : Weite short nctes on - iad Doctrine cf eclipse (6) Fundamental Dutics (GS) Doctrine of pleasure (@) Write of qguc warranta (ec) Public interest litigation (533) KKKKKKE Attempt five questions in all, including Q. No. IX (Unit-V) which is Compulsory and taking one question cach from Unit-I to Unit - IV, Citizenship”, Referring to the relevant provisions, discuss how the citizenship of India can be acquired by an alien ? 5 1) Answer each part of the question in 4 Unit-V in about 100-150 words. x (iii) All questions carry equal marks, : UNIT -I e ‘, Define the term “ What is the objective behind the wide Interpretation of the term “State” as defined by Article 12 of the Constitution of India 2? Also discuss the tests laid down by the Supreme Court for declaring an authority as included in the term “State” for the purposes of Fundamental Rights, My rcs the scope of proection against &X-post Hat rete awe and protection against double ; Nuri eopardy. ae Article 20,» {Uble icopardy _ Define the expression personal liberty. Discuss its various facets. Persons detained preventive detention. What IS the Objective behind the Directive Princi les of State Policy 9 Discuss the role of he implementation Of these directives under laws Providing — for ~ Dees. wee aoe not narelly " Ae existence. Lt ‘means: a : to hume a. dignity". In the lig : es efly See th; Ne help of case | aisouss ped ai jeferent facets ES O£ che rigne? ae life. ie DL How the perm State : Foye consti tution? — Whether "State" includes De iciery”? Explain with the help of decided has been define a is | Unit-it Tn the light of the apex court's ruling a) TM Ae pai Foundation V State of Karnataka AIR ae 9003 SC 355, discuss the riohts of the ininorities establish snd adminis ter educational + neti tutions. x ore \ Directive Principles Of State Policy are the | i. ove means to achieve the ends of Part-III of the Indian ‘ Conseitution". How far do you agree with this statement? Discuss how the Indiar Sudiciary has attempted to implement these Directive Pr inciples. é (b) Can yiil can Of imp unitcly aot eae = eee tle Bees. Revere’ whether os qa boon wha s er pan pigoues how the Spr ams court) Bese" ails ee : Pa aenctee" Enis POwSe o£ judicial reviow + cour t' $ ruling in tn the de jandmar k 83S no Law Lat sc 268, discus ene appointne eof judges Of Hoth SupE-it= court and High cour ts atong with euLadelines regarding cransfer of juages from one High court to another High court. sory ques tion) a \ () write short notes on: a) Doctrine of Waiver . AGe 1 AS .- RYSCY) \ OL t 1 on b) ¢) seeaueS chi meantins ‘ana .Se0P+ e ~ eommer oe and rarer course » as quar antes? 1 - mo what _tane 6S er ictions 12 £readan. © npr eedom Ce on this ight of the Supr ems a aS naAvOCA ESS... on Record WWE. a RIR 1994 a aon cagar Ging Unit-V (Compul ES SS 2 Fundamental Right Service Trioun: is Doub le JO opar a 4 Weit of Mandamus Jf (i) Printed Pages. 4 (11) Questions | ' : RON . Sub. Code [4] 9 | 3 mr; ALLE (Hons.) 4°" Semester lve Years Integrated Course) . gra e wa ) 2048 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-I Paper-IV Time allowed : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 89 Note: Attempt five questions in all, including Q. No. IX (Unit- “¥) Which is compulsory and taking one each from Unit-I to [V. UNIT -I I. Discuss the modes of acquisition of citizenship of India after the commencement of the Constitution. Also discuss the grounds on which a citizen can be deprived of his citizenship of India. 15 4983 Turn over nif IV. 4983 (2) “State” fi . term Or the We< eae the © Purposes of te Ref : | iphts. Reler to the test laid down by rundamental ‘ to determi w ‘Clermi . urt, ne, hen any entity Supreme ce the . o be an agency or instrumentality of would be said t the Government. UNIT - Il Article 14 permits “Reasonable Classification” but prohibits “Class Legislation”. Explain, (b) The “Family Pension Rules” framed by the University, exclude the wife of the employee and her children, if the employee had married her after his retirement. Discuss the constitutionality of the rules. Discuss the importance and scope of “the freedom of speech and expression” guaranteed under Article 19(1) (a) of the Constitution of India. Does it include the right to go on Strike ? Refer to case law. 15 10 C 15 Ss (3) UNIT - I V. (a) Define the expression “double jeopardy”. Wh at essentials are required to be complied With in order to claim, protection against double je ardy ? 10 (b) A offered bribe in 1948. He is punished under section 165A of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, Which was added to the code in 1952, making offering bribe punishable for the first time. Discuss the validity of the action taken against VI. Explain the term “Personal Liberty”. Discuss the various aspects of the Right to Personal Liberty. 15 UNIT -IV VII. Discuss the scope of the nght of the minorities to establish and administer educational institutions. 15 VI. Explain the object and purpose behind the Directive Principles of State Policy. Discuss the role of the judiciary towards the implementation of these directives. IS 4983 | [Turn over V / e: A" ee syn : 1 aor 0 150 words, on te notes: i . sad mie followin ; 7 ) overseas © ciliZ sensbiP } ia. (a (b) Doc sine of iPS (c) Right to freed ON} of movement C (d) procedure established by law (e) - preventive Detention. ee 300 4983 a) ? Exam Code: 710 BALL) 8 1] Sub. Code: 4637 Time Allowed: Paper-ty/. Hons) 4" Semester ee: 3 Hours " ’°RStitutional Law-II : Max. Note: Attempt five questions in «yj? Marks: 80 compulsory and selectiy, MCluding Question No, LX (Unj ich i NE DVO from eac 5 + (Unit-I) which is reach Unit (I & Il Unit-] f. What do you me an by ‘citi ; acquiring citizens hip a t ra Explain briefly various modes for : Nata after the commencement of the constitution. I. (15) Discuss the consti tutional Validity of the following: a) Withi 3 . ) wv thin one ‘month of the change of Govt. in a State, the retirement age & ernment employees was reduced from 58 to 55 years without due investig-ation of the circumstances. b) H, born in forward Caste. He ancl their Scheduled Case as m denied bx caste married W, a girl belonging to Scheduled children were recognised by the members of the embers of their own caste. S, ason of H & W was 2nefit of reservation for admission to IIT course. c) The prosecution tape-recorded statements made by an accused through the recording done without his knowledge but without force or oppression. The statements were produced in the court as evidence against the accused. (5x3) Il. Discuss the various elements of the definition of the term ‘State’ for the purpose: of Fundamental Rights. (15) IV. Explain the scope of “the procedure established by law”, required to be complied with by Article 21 while depriving a person of his personal liberty. Refer to case law. (15) Unii-II V. Explain the scope of the right to freedom of religion as secured under Articles 25 to 28. How far these provisions relevant to setup in In as Secular State? VI. Discuss the constitutional validity of the following: a) To provide employment to famine-affected persons, the State snacted a law enabling it to pay wages to such persons which were Jess than minimum wages fixed by the State. P.T.O. ; et ae AOE SER Sa eS aes ype. Tag epee: Sub, Code: 4637 (2) vor the N.S. Act, 1984. One of the grounds contained d to be irrelevant and We s foun ny tained un , A is de order furnished to A, wa in the detention obscure. | c) A State enacted 4 law, requiring the unaided minority educational " institutions 0 seek approval of the Government in the matters of eppointmesit and removal of teaching staff. (5x3) b) State Policy. Discuss d the Directive Principles of ese Directives. (15) Explain the object behin ards the implementation of th the role of the Courts tow secured under Article 3 d not against legislative action “The right to property, 00A is available against the *» Discuss. (15) executive interference an Unit-DI Write short notes on the following: a) Doctrine of eclipse b) Freedom of the Press c) PIL d) Fundamental duties (4x5) 2 KK Exam. Code: 710 Sub. Code: 4567/5 1052 B.A.LL.B, (Hons.) 4"" Semester (Special) Paper-V: Constitutional Law-II Time Allowed: 3 hes. Max. Marks: 80 Note: Attempt two questions each from Unit Land I. Unit-lll is compulsory. 1 Discuss the constitutional validity of the followi ing: }) Punjab and Haryana High Court makes rule that for the appointment of Punjab Civil Services (Judicial), an advocate must have practiced for seven years in the High Court of Punjab and Haryana, ii) By an order of Haryana Government, the residents of Haryana are exempted from the payment of capitation fees for admission in medical colleges of state. iti) Dalit youth is brutally beaten up by upper caste jat for drinking water from latter's well Gx5) Il, Discuss the constitutional validity of the following: 1) The entire agriculture and of a farmer is acquired by government for setting up special economic zone. ii) In a private hospital, a doctor refused to give medical aid to an accident vietim on the ground that itis a medico-legal case. ili) Delhi Doordarshan refused to telecast cricket matches of National Cricket Tournament organized by Cricket Association, Calcutta, (3x5) IIL Article 32 of the constitution is “the very soul of the constitution and the very heart of it.” Discuss, (1s) IV. _ Explain the follo\ 4) Article 21 (A) with special reference to Right to Education Aet, 2009. b) Right to property under Article 300-A, 474) Uni tive Principle and Fundamental Rights are complementary to each In the light of this, discuss the role played by the Indian judiciary towards the implementation of these directions. as) v. VL “Trade, Commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free,” critically examine this statement in the light of relevant provisions of the constitution of India and decided cases, (1s) P.T.O, VIL. VIL Sub. Code: 4567/8, ‘What do you understand by Doctrine of Pleasure? Discuss its limitations. (15) Discuss the constitutional validity of the following: ') Mr. A. a temporary lower division clerk in the government department was discharged from service after giving him notice of one month at terms of his coven oh he. ground that he was found undesirable to be retained tp government service. it) Fifty casual workers working in different department of H. M.T. company for the last ten years approached the High Court fos regularization of their services. it) Himachal Pradesh government imposes sales tax on medicines but exempts those manufactured in that state by units established after the year 2000 for a period of ten years, (3x3) Unit Write short notes on: ®) Prohibition of religious instructions in Educational Institutions (Article, 28), ») Freedom to form associations or unions (Article 19-1(@) & (4), ©) Doctrine of legitimate expectation, d) Fundamental duties. (4x5) beck Yor @® Printed Pages : 2 Roll No. Gi) Questions :9 Sub. Code: [4[516 Exam. Code: [7[1]0 B.A.LL.B. (Hons.)-4 Semester 2042 CONSTITUTIONALLAW-II Paper: V ‘Time Allowed: Three Hours} [Maximum Marks : 80 Note:~ Attempt two questions each from Unit_1 and Uniti. Unit-IIL is compulsory. Attempt five questions in all, € UNIT 1. Discuss the concept of state’ as defined under Article 12 of the Constitution. Is the Board of Cricket Control of India (BCCI) coveted eS definition of state under Article 12 ? Explain, h 10+5 OR 2. Analyse the concept of reservation for the backward classes as enshrined under Article 16(4) of the Constitution. Also emumerate the present status of Articles 16(4A) and 16(4B) after the M. Nagraj decision, 15 oR 3. The judiciary has interpreted the right to life under Article 21 to include a variety of rights. Illustrate these rights under Article 21, Also state the position regarding ‘honour killings’ under the concept of Article 21. 10+5 OR Discuss the constitutional right to property under Article 300A. ‘ 15 4567/FPD-30206 [Tura over UNIT 5. Explain the object and purpose behind the Directive Principles of State Policy. Critically examine the issue of supremacy of Directive Principles over the Fundamental rights. 15 OR 6. Illustrate the scope of the fundamental duties enshrined under Article 51A of the Constitution, 15 OR 4 7. Discuss the restrictions on Freedom of Trade and Commerce under the relevant provisions of the Constitution. Differentiate between regulation and restriction. is OR 8. Whatare the constitutional safeguards available to civil serv under Article 311 of the Constitution ? an UNIT 9. Write short notes on : @ Preventive detention laws Gi) Freedom to form associations Gi) Doctrine of "res extra commercium" Gv) Right to the post of a probationer, 20 4567/EPD-30206 500 Exam. Code: 675 Sub. Code: 5019 1112 B.A.LL.B. (Hons.) 4" Semester Paper-V: Constitutional Law-I ‘Time Allowed: 3 Hours ‘Max. Marks: 80 Note: Attempt five questions in all, including No. IX (Unit-Il, which is compulsory and ML WV. vi. Vil. VIL. IX. selecting two questions each from Unit I and Il o-0- ‘Unit-I What do you understand by ‘equality before law’ and ‘equal protection of law? Also explain the different grounds on the basis of which the reasonable classification can be made, (as) 8) Explain the meaning and scope of freedom of speech and expression, To what extent the “freedom of press” is recognised under the Indian constitution? (10) ) Mr. A publishes cartoon in the leading national magazine showing Mr. X spitting on Indian National Flag in the assembly. Discuss whether Mr. A has Violated any constitutional provision or not? ©) Explain the following: a) Right to free and compulsory education. ) —_Rightto privacy ©) Right against exploitation (5x3) Discuss the freedom of religion as embodied in Articles 25 to 28 of the Constitution of India. a3) Uni Explain the nature and scope of Directive Principles of State Policy. Can the Supreme Court direct the Government to adopt a particular method for allocation/distribution of material resources of the community? Support your answer with suitable examples/case law. (10+5) ‘Trade, commerce and intercourse shall be free throughout the territory of India.” Explain meaning, object and scope of freedom of trade, commeree and intercourse with the help of case law. (is) a) Explain the Doctrine of Pleasure. What are the exceptions to it? (10) +) A government employee who was sentenced to imprisonment for 2 years for taking bribe is later on dismissed from service without giving reasonable ‘opportunity. Is it valid? 6) Discuss the object and importance of the fundamental duties, Can there duties be enforced? Support your answer with the help of case law. (15) Unit-1 Write short notes o1 a) Double Jeopardy b) Doctrine of severability ©) Distinction between regulation and restriction 4) Doctrine of legitimate and expectation (4x5) “0-0 (i) Printed Pages: 2 + Roll No. (i) Questions 9 Sub. Code: [5 [0 [1 [4] Exam. Code: [6 |7 |5 B.A.LL.B (Hons.) 5 Years 4 Semester 1043 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-IL Paper: V Time Allowed : Three Hours} [Maximum Marks : 80 Note :— Unit-Land Unit-II consist of four questions each. Attempt rwo questions from each Unit. Unit-IIVis compulsory. Each part carries S marks, UNIT-I 1. Explain the following : (a) Rightagainst exploitation ™% (b) Right to constitutional remedies w/a32 ™ 2. (a) Discuss the role of Judiciary in expanding the scope of the freedom of speech and expression under the Constitution of India. 10 (b) Discuss the constitutionality of the Punjab Government Order prohibiting the organising or participating in Bandhs. 5 3. Article 14 permits' Reasonable classification’ and prohibits ‘Class Legislation’. Explain’ Isright against arbitrariness a part of right to equality? 15 5014/BXY-46906 [Turn over ‘Discuss the fundamental right to education under Article21(A) with special reference to Right to Education Act, 2009, 15 UNIT-IL Discuss the relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy. Can the Directive Principles override Fundamental Rights ? Explain, 15 Explain doctrine of Pleasure. What are the limitations in the exercise of this doctrine ? 15 ‘What do you understand by the freedom of trade, Commerce and Intercourse ? What restrictions can be imposed on this Freedom ? 15 Write short notes on the following @ Scope of Fundamental Duties. Th (i) Doctrine of Legitimate Expectation. Th UNIT (Compulsory Question) Explain briefly : @ Doctrine of Waiver (i) Rightto Privacy Gii) Distinction between Regulation and Restriction (x) Whomay claim Constitutional Safeguards Under Article 311 and what is Civil Post ? 4x5=20 5014/BXY-46906 700 Exam, Code: 675 Sub. Code: 5129 1043 B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) 4" Semester Paper-IV: Constitution Law-II (old) Time Allowed: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80 Note: Attempt five questions in all, including Q. No. LX (Unit-II)), which is compulsory and selecting two each from Unit I& Il “0-0 unr 1 Who are citizens of India? Explain the provisions in this regard as laid down by the Constitution of India? How do Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) differ from citizens of in the matter of enjoyment of Rights and Privileges? (as) I a) _—_Explain the scope of the expression “other authorities” in Article 12 of the Constitution with the help of decided case law. b) Can Punjab State Co-operative Banx as constituted and registered under the State Co-operative Societies Act, be treated as “State” under Article 12 of the Constitution? Explain with the help of case law. (10,5) Ill a) Discuss the role of judiciary in expanding the scope of freedom of speech and expression. b) The state government imposed ban on the use of microphone and loudspeakers at the time of giving Azan. Is it violation of freedom of speech and expression as guaranteed under Constitution of India or not? Explain with the help of decided case law. (10,5) IV. a) “Article 14 permits reasonable classification and prohibits class legislation”. Explain. b) The state of Andhra Pradesh passed a law that there are no creamy layers among backward classes in the state. Discuss its validity. (10,5) UNIT V. Explain the following: ‘The right to education. )) The right to health. ii) ‘The right to livelihood. (3x5) VI. What do you understand from ‘freedom of religion’? To what extent this freedom has been guaranteed in the constitution of India? Discuss with the help of suitable case law. ) VIL. “Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy are said to be complementary and supplementary to each other”. In the light of this statement, discuss the nature and scope of directive principles of state policy. as) VIII. Do you agree with the view that Public Interest Litigation (PLL) is the most important innovation to render complete justice to the vulnerable/marginalized sections of the society? Critically examine the constitutional remedy in the form of PIL. with the help of appropriate case law. (as) ONIT-DT IX. Write short notes on the following: §) Doctrine of Ectipse ii) Freedom of Assembly Double Jeopardy iv) Right to Property (4x5) Exam. Code: 673 Sub. Code:5022 1113 B.AJB.Com, LL. B(Hons.) — Semester-v Paper-V: Constitutional Law-It Time allowed: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80 Note: Attempt five questions in all, including Q. No. 9(Unit:I1!) which is compulsory and selecting two each from Uinit- | & 11 Unit | Q.1 What do you understand by ‘equality before law’ and ‘equal protection of laws’? Explain the different grounds on which reasonable classification can be made. (15 marks) Q.2 Critically analyse the freedom of speech and expression available under article 19 of the Indian Constitution. The students in an educational institution go on a hunger strike to protest against the availabilty of facilities in the institution. Discuss the validity of such a strike. (10+5 marks) Q.3 Define ‘double jeopardy’. Explain the essentials required to be complied with in order to claim the protection against double jeopardy X commits a crime for which the punishment prescribed under the criminal law is 3 years imprisonment. While the case is pending the law is amended and the punishment is decreased to 2 years imprisonment. What punishment will X get under the law if he is proved to be guilty? (10+5 marks) Q.4 Secularism is an important facet of the Indian Constitution. Discuss the provisions relating to freedom of religion and secularism under the indian Constitution (15 marks) PTO. i Suis Code 15922 © Unit Q.5 Discuss the various fundamental duties enshrined under article 51A of the Indian constitution. Y, a politician in anger tramples the national flag and then spits on it, Examine the repercussions of his action under the law. (1045 marks) Q.6 What are the directive principles of state policy? Are the fundamental rights ‘more important than the directive principles? (15 marks) Q.7 Explain the restrictions imposed the on the freedom of trade and commerce under the Indian constitution with the help of case law. (15 marks) Q.8 Discuss the second safeguard available to civil servants under article 311 of no dismissal or reduction in rank, except after an inquiry affording reasonable opportunity of hearing. X was removed from service on the basis of an order which read as “X is removed from service as he has outlived his utility’. Will the protection under article 311(2) be available to X? (10+5 marks) Unit- Q.9 Write short notes on the following: a) Freedom of association b) Procedure established by law under article 21 ©) Givil servant ine of ‘res extra commercium’ d) Doctrine of ‘res eae Exam, Code: 673 Sub. Code*5158 1044 B.A, LL.B.(Hons) 4" Semester Paper-IV: Constitutional Law-lI(old) Time allowed: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80 Note: Attempt five questions in inclueing Q. No. 9(Unit-IIl) which is compulsory and selecting wo each from Unit. | and IL UNIT. Q.1 Discuss the provisions relating to acquisition of citizenship under the Constitution of India. IFA's domicile of birth is India. Can it be changed? If yes, elaborate how can it be done. (10#5 marks) or Q.2 Discuss the scope of the expression “other authorities’ under Artiola 12 Is a ‘non-statutory body’ included in the expression ‘other authorities’ under Article 12? Give reasons. ° (10+5 marks) Or Q.3 Discuss the concept of freedom of press under the wider concept of freedom of speech and expression available under article 19 of the Indian Constitution. The students in an educational institution go on a hunger strike to protest against the availability of facilies in the institution. Discuss the validity of such a strike. (10+5 marks) Or Q.4 Discuss the concept of reservation for the socially and educationally backward classes under Article 15(4) of the Constitution. Can reservation for such candidates be provided in private educational institutions also? (15 marks) UNITAI Q.5 Explain the changes brought about by the 44" amendment in the right to property. What status does this right enjoy presently under the law? (15 marks) Or Q.6 The Supreme Court of India has interpreted right to personal liberty to include various rights. What are these rights included under the concept of personal liberty under the Constitution? (45 marks) Or PT. Sub. Cede’ SIS Q,7 Define the expression “double jeopardy’. What essentials are required to be complied with in order to claim, protection against double jeopardy? X was offered bribe in 1948. He is punished under section 165A of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, which was added to the code in 1952. Discuss the validity of the action taken against X. (9+6 marks) Or Q.8 Briefly discuss the Directive Principles of State Policy. Compare their status with reference to fundamental rights. (15 marks) UNIT Q.9 Write short notes on: i) Law under Article 13 il) Freedom of assembly ii) Preventive Detention iv) Public interest litigation (4%5 marks)

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