Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Conventional Discs
Often referred to as forward acting discs, ideal as a multi-
purpose and low cost solution.
Graphite Discs
Provide ideal low pressure protection for highly corrosive
process media applications.
1
The logical choice
With over 50 years experience, Marston is a leading To maintain our position at the forefront of disc and
manufacturer of pressure relief and explosion panel technology, we can call upon the wide range of
protection devices known as bursting discs (or technical resources available within Marston.
rupture discs) and explosion vent panels, providing These state-of-the-art facilities include:
safe and instantaneous relief in an ever increasing High temperature testing
range of application requirements.
Helium leak testing
CAD/CAM
The applications for these devices are as diverse as
the industries that use them. Chemical, oil, gas and Pressure cycling
food as well as cryogenic and transportation are Radiographic inspection
typical examples. The selection of the most suitable Laser cutting technology
device can be critical, however our extensive range
Flow test laboratory
provides the optimum solution.
2
T E S T I N G A N D C E R T I F I C AT I O N
Marstons products carry a wide range of approvals Certificate Number Baseefa03ATEX0251 was also
and comply with the highest International standards issued and all Marston Panels can now be CE-marked
and customer specifications, including: together with the protection coding reference
3
xll 1 G D identifying their suitability for use in the
BS EN ISO 4126 most hazardous areas, Zone 0 and Zone 20.
BS 2915, 1990
A. D. Merkblatt A 1-TUV
ASME Section VIII
Stoomwezen
Chinese Safety Quality Licence
Note:
Other Accreditations include: The performance of a bursting disc is dependant on its
PED 97/23/EC mounting arrangements. The use of discs in holders or
ATEX 94/9/EC mounting arrangements not approved by Marston will
BS EN ISO 9001:2000 invalidate certification.
Q UA L I T Y
3
CONTENTS
20 Accessories
20 Excess Flow Valve
21 Bursting Disc Indicators
22 Break Wire Indicators
4
Bursting Discs
INTRODUCTION
All pressurised systems, conforming to the appropriate National and International standards, are limited to a
maximum overpressure during pressure relief. In accordance with the EU Pressure Equipment Directive (P. E. D.),
all pressure equipment defined therein must have a pressure relief or control system that limits the maximum
overpressure to 1.1 x the maximum allowable design pressure of the equipment. A bursting disc safety device is
a recommended means for pressure relief, and in some cases the preferred device. It is also used as the ultimate
safety device should other pressure limiting equipment fail to function correctly. Marston bursting discs fulfil
these requirements to protect the pressurised equipment.
A bursting disc, often referred to as a rupture disc or a safety disc, is a non-reclosing pressure relief device.
The resultant release of the contents from the protected system must be controlled in accordance with local,
National and applicable EU/International rules and may necessitate the need for a fully contained relief system.
The use of a correctly designed bursting disc device, its assembly and fitting is essential. Bursting disc devices
are often fragile and need to be handled with care. They normally require a dedicated holder assembly.
5
P R O D U C T I D E N T I F I C AT I O N
Identification and traceability of the thousands of Each bursting disc device supplied by Marston is
bursting discs and holders in use across the world allocated a unique equipment number that provides
today is critical. exact identification.
At Marston, every item carries a marking that can be All details of manufacture (including material identity
traced back to its original manufacture. for each item supplied) are recorded and archived.
Details can be tracked back over 40 years.
Holder Label
Example:
Original supply :
Holder E No. NT 1234
Bursting disc E No. NT 1234
(including reverse pressure support if required)
First re-order
of bursting discs E No. NT 1234 / A
Second re-order
of bursting discs E No. NT 1234 / B
Note:
The equipment number, together with an adequate
description including bursting pressure and
temperature, should be quoted for all replacement
orders.
Disc Tag
6
P R O D U C T R A N G E - F O R WA R D A C T I N G B U R S T I N G D I S C S
GR Graphite Discs
A flat graphite disc, impregnated with a high quality
resin, giving good corrosion resistance and low
bursting pressures. The unique GR arrangement is
designed to protect the disc from the effects of flange
bolt loading. This disc fragments on rupture.
7
PRODUCT RANGE - REVERSE BUCKLING BURSTING DISCS
MN / MO Maxivent Assemblies
Usually a single foil disc which has the pressure applied
to its convex side. The dome inverts and is completely
expelled from its holder and stopped by an arrestor.
RBH Assemblies
Usually a single foil disc which has the pressure applied
to its convex side. The dome inverts and opens along
a peripheral groove. It is designed to be retained by its
hinge portion.
LRBH Assemblies
Usually a single foil disc which is designed specifically
for liquid duties. The pressure is applied to its convex
side. The dome inverts and opens along a peripheral
groove. It is designed to be retained by its hinge
portion.
SRBH Assemblies
This disc has two membranes. A load-bearing slotted
metallic membrane and a weaker, usually
fluoropolymer, seal membrane giving a non-
fragmenting design suitable for low bursting pressures.
RBX Assemblies
A single metallic foil which has pressure applied to the
convex side. The dome inverts and the disc opens
along radial grooved lines. It is designed to retain all
parts and withstand full vacuum without the aid of a
vacuum support.
8
T H E P R OT E C T I O N O F S A F E T Y VA LV E S *
9
Pressure and Temperature
G U I D E TO B U R S T I N G P R E S S U R E S
Bursting pressure capabilities for each type of bursting Please consult one of our Sales Engineers for bursting
disc vary depending on the design, size, material and pressures outside the ranges quoted in the table.
temperature.
DISC TYPES
BORE NT CS NTG MAXI RBH LRB SRBH RBX GR/G2 MONO GRB
SIZE NR NRG VENT RBF BLOC
mm * * *
25 0.8 1.5 4.0 12.4 1.8 3.0 1.2 18.9 1.0 1.0 0.4
125 125 125 450 380 100 100 380 28.0 56 15
40 0.6 1.0 2.6 7.0 1.2 2.5 0.9 13.1 0.52 0.5
83 83 83 315 380 75 65 380 21.0 42
50 0.4 0.75 2.0 5.5 0.9 2.0 0.6 10.3 0.275 0.4 0.14
72 72 72 255 380 50 50 380 17.2 28 10
65 0.35 0.65 3.4 4.8 0.8 1.75 0.5 9.6 0.24 0.4
50 50 50 210 175 40 40 175 16.5 24
80 0.3 0.5 2.5 3.4 0.7 1.5 0.4 6.9 0.21 0.3 0.1
41 41 41 170 120 40 40 120 15.5 20 4.5
100 0.2 0.35 1.9 3.0 0.6 1.4 0.3 5.5 0.14 0.2 0.04
36 36 36 100 90 30 30 90 10.3 14 2.5
150 0.14 0.3 1.4 2.0 0.5 1.25 0.25 3.8 0.07 0.2 0.04
20 20 20 100 60 20 20 60 5.5 10.5 1.5
200 0.1 0.25 1.4 1.7 0.5 1.25 0.2 2.8 0.07 0.1
18 18 18 30 50 17.5 12.5 50 3.45 5.5
250 0.1 0.2 1.4 1.7 0.5 1.25 0.2 2.25 0.07 0.1
12.5 12.5 12.5 25 40 12 10 40 2.15 4.5
* Maximum pressures are for standard designs, for higher pressures a welded construction is also available (see page 17).
Extended size and pressure range is currently under development. Contact us for latest information. 10
T E M P E R AT U R E R A N G E S
Materials for bursting discs have a limited allowable The limitations of joint sealing materials must be
working temperature range. considered as well as possible corrosion from the
process or environmental conditions that prevail.
The table indicates the normal limits for commonly
used bursting disc materials.
I N F L U E N C E O F T E M P E R AT U R E
Bursting disc materials are affected by changes to pressure. The following graph shows the typical effect
temperature. In general, higher temperatures induce a of temperature on various bursting disc materials for
reduction of strength and consequently bursting forward-acting discs:
Reverse buckling discs are generally less affected by Where operating conditions dictate its use, a heat
temperature changes than equivalent forward acting shield can be fitted between the disc material and the
discs. Each batch of reverse buckling discs will be process to provide a thermal barrier. This may be to
affected differently, by factors other than just the preserve the disc integrity or to reduce heat loss.
material. A typical temperature effect graph is
Teflon FEP and Teflon PFA are trade marks of the Dupont
therefore not considered to be helpful. company.
11
VA C U U M / R E V E R S E P R E S S U R E S U P P O R T S
Opening Type Vacuum Supports
Auxiliary Support
In some applications, reverse pressures may exist
greater than atmospheric pressure. Often an Opening
Type Support alone will be sufficient. However, some-
times an additional Auxiliary Support is required. This
is designed to aid the opening support, whilst still
maintaining a large free flow area. This type of support
is often used in double disc assemblies, where a sec-
ondary disc is used to prevent an often variable
reverse pressure from affecting the performance of
the primary disc. This is common when several burst-
ing discs vent into a common line or flare stack. This
type of support is generally re-useable, with only the
opening support needing to be replaced.
Non-Opening Supports
Insert type
13
S C R E W E D, W E L D E D A N D A D A P T O R T Y P E A S S E M B L I E S
Where simple flanged joints are not practical, pressurised vessel or for fitting directly into pipelines.
alternative designs are available. Marston have the Where it is practical, the discs may be scored so that
experience and expertise to supply a wide variety of they petal open.
screwed assemblies and fully welded units, to satisfy
the most arduous of requirements. These allow for Various types are illustrated, with special designs
screwing a disc holder unit into the main body of the prepared as required.
TYPE TYPICAL
CONNECTION
AM
1
/4 to 11/4 NPT / BSP
A screwed adaptor as illustrated with male
connection threads. Special designs are often
manufactured to customers requirements.
The standard pressure range is up to 700
barg but higher pressures can be made to
special order.
AF 1
/4 to 11/4 NPT / BSP
A screwed adaptor as illustrated with female
connection threads. Special designs are often
manufactured to customers requirements.
The standard pressure range is up to 700
barg but higher pressures can be made to
special order.
WA Up to 6/150mm NB.
A flanged type assembly suitable for A flanged design for installing
the disc close to the process.
applications up to 100 barg.
WA 1
/4 to 1 BSP
A plug type assembly suitable for applications 1
/4 to 1 NPT
up to 100 barg.
WA
A stem type welded assembly for /2 UNF - standard
1
LR
A lens ring style bursting disc. This is
/8 to 2 NB
3
14
O P T I O N A L F E AT U R E S
Pressure Tappings
Tappings for monitoring equipment can be
incorporated in the vent-side of the holder, or in the
pressure-side if required. Any thread form and size is
usually possible but this may in some cases require an
increase in holder dimensions.
Corrosion Protection
For corrosive environments, holders manufactured
from resistant materials may prove costly. One
possible alternative offered by Marston is the Glass
Filled-PTFE insert that also provides a non-stick
surface. For extreme conditions a resistant metal
liner such as nickel or tantalum may be suitable.
Steam Heating
Where the duty may be prone to polymerisation the
holder can be heated. This can be achieved by
introducing a chamber around the holder body and
passing either hot water or steam through to prevent
the product from cooling and solidifying.
High Pressure
When the bursting pressures exceed the limits for
standard holder designs to retain the disc satisfacto-
rily, alternative designs are available. Wedge type
holders can be supplied on request but their perform-
ance can be affected by possible misalignment or
incorrect torque of the plant flange bolts. For this
reason, Marston would recommend the use of discs
with welded edge rings for high pressures that fit into
a simple recessed holder.
15
L O C AT I O N O F H O L D E R B E T W E E N F L A N G E S
To ensure that the bursting disc holder is installed an outside diameter manufactured specifically to suit
concentrically, each Marston bursting disc holder has its corresponding flange.
TA B L E O F O U T S I D E D I A M E T E R S Capsule Holders, to fit within the ring of flange bolts as shown above
16
FLANGE SEALING
Bursting disc holders can usually be provided Flat gasket joint O ring joint for
to satisfy the requirements of any type of minimum leakage
flange sealing arrangement. The diagrams
below illustrate typical examples. Flange joints
(i.e. those between the holder and the mating
flanges) will normally be provided by the
customer. Marston will supply gaskets for
bursting discs that are designed to be fitted
directly between flanges, such as the
Monobloc graphite disc.
TA B L E O F F A C E T O F A C E D I M E N S I O N S
Bore Size
TYPE 25 40 50 65 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600
Std 21 21 21 25 25 30 41 50 60 - - - - - -
CST 1/4 NPT 30 30 30 30 30 30 41 50 60 - - - - - -
1/2 NPT 38 38 38 38 38 38 42 50 60 - - - - - -
Conn Head 42 42 42 42 42 42 46 50 60 - - - - - -
Std 21 22 25 30 33 43 59 72 - - - - - - -
NT 1/4 NPT 30 30 30 30 33 43 59 72 - - - - - - -
1/2 NPT 38 38 38 38 38 43 59 72 - - - - - - -
Conn Head 42 42 42 42 42 43 59 72 - - - - - - -
Std 38 38 38 38 38 38 47 56 68 78 84 94 102 108 127
CSB 1/4 NPT 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 56 68 78 84 94 102 108 127
CSB-T 1/2 NPT 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 56 68 78 84 94 102 108 127
Conn Head 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 68 78 84 94 102 108 127
Std 26 27 28 30 30 32 43 55 70 85 100 110 125 135 -
RBH 1/4 NPT 36 37 38 40 40 42 51 63 78 93 110 120 130 140 -
RBH-T 1/2 NPT 48 49 50 52 52 54 63 75 90 105 118 128 138 148 -
Conn Head 52 53 54 56 56 58 67 79 94 109 122 132 142 152 -
Std 72 72 57 62 64 85 116 148 169 198 223 255 277 296 344
MV-A 1/4 NPT 72 72 57 62 64 85 116 148 169 198 223 255 277 296 344
1/2 NPT 72 72 57 62 64 85 116 148 169 198 223 255 277 296 344
Conn Head 72 72 57 62 64 85 116 148 169 198 223 255 277 296 344
Std 17 19 21 24 28 33 37 41 47 - - - - - -
GR 1/4 NPT 33 35 37 39 42 45 48 52 57 - - - - - -
1/2 NPT 41 43 45 47 50 53 56 60 65 - - - - - -
Conn Head 45 47 49 51 54 57 60 64 69 - - - - - -
Std 17 - 20 - 30 35 52 - - - - - - - -
GRB 1/4 NPT 31 - 32 - 36 41 52 - - - - - - - -
1/2 NPT 39 - 40 - 44 49 60 - - - - - - - -
Conn Head 43 - 44 - 48 53 64 - - - - - - - -
Monobloc Std 14 17 21 22 22 25 29 35 38 - - - - - -
A wrongly installed bursting disc can be disastrous. The holder can also be provided with installation
For this reason, where possible, Marston bursting disc inhibitors such as J bolts. These prevent the holder
assemblies are fitted with a foolproofing feature which from being installed incorrectly between the plant
is incorporated within the disc tag and holder identity flanges. (See accessories on page 22 for details.) Other
label. methods can be considered such as dowels, or tongue
and groove flanges, to ensure correct installation.
Marston holders have a permanently attached stainless
steel identity label. This uniquely identifies the holder When these features are combined with Marston
type and equipment number. It also indicates the comprehensive installation instructions, quick and
correct holder orientation relative to flow. simple installation is ensured.
The disc is fitted with a notched stainless steel tag as The photographs show the offset label on the holder
shown below. This uniquely identifies the disc type, its and the notch on one side of the neck of the disc
equipment number and batch, the rated bursting identification tag.
pressure and temperature, the design code and also
indicates the vent side of the disc. These foolproofing features aid correct assembly and
prevent incorrect assembly (as demonstrated in the
The combination of the notched tag and the offset two lower photographs).
identity label, prevents the incorrect assembly of the
disc to the holder.
18
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS: LEAK TIGHTNESS ACROSS DISC SEALING FLANGE
O rings incorporated :
PTFE 1 x 10-6
VITON 1 x 10-6
Silver-coated metal 1 x 10-8
Type MO : O rings :
PTFE 1 x 10-4
VITON 1 x 10-6
Silver coated metal 1 x 10-8
19
Accessories
E X C E S S F L O W VA LV E S
Excess flow valves (EFV) may be fitted to prevent back a horizontal mode. In the event of the disc rupturing,
pressure developing between a bursting disc and, for the excess flow valve will seal the vent system under
example, a safety relief valve during normal plant the influence of the pressure pulse.
operation. The excess flow valves should be fitted in
EFV
M 1/4 1/2
F 1/8 1/4
Pressure Gauges
Pressure gauges are normally supplied by the
user, although Marston is able to supply them
on request.
Jack Screws
To help users to separate the bursting disc
holder from the system flanges during overhaul,
or following an incident, jack-screws may be
required. These are normally incorporated into
pipe-flange drillings, although Marston can supply
suitable screws if requested.
J Bolt
It is important that bursting disc assemblies are
mounted in the correct orientation relative to the
flow direction. Although the holder is stamped with a
flow arrow, and the vent-side is also shown on the
holder and disc labels, it is often a requirement that
the installation is foolproofed. One such example is
a J bolt (as shown) which is welded to the holder and
locates in a corresponding hole in one of the flanges.
Other methods are also available.
20
B U R S T D I S C I N D I C AT O R S
Once a bursting disc has ruptured, it is often beneficial plant control room. This then instigates the shutdown
to shut down relevant plant equipment as quickly as of the relevant equipment.
possible. One common method of achieving this is to
fit a Burst Disc Indicator. A Burst Disc Indicator is a Recognising industries need to minimise maintenance
simple circuit, usually fitted downstream of the time, Marston now introduce the latest design in Burst
bursting disc. The signal is usually received in the Disc Indication.
Where an exposed cable is unfavourable, the MAS harsh environment of an industrial plant; instead, they
sensor is available with an integral connection head pass through a connecting tube between the holder
where the wires terminate inside the head which is and the connection head via an O-Ring seal.
rated IP68. The wires are never subjected to the often
21
B R E A K W I R E I N D I C AT O R S
Marston also manufactures break wire type Burst Both operate in the same fundamental manner; a small
Indicators. Depending on their design they can either current passes around a normally closed circuit. When
be fitted directly to the bursting disc or fitted the disc activates the flow breaks the membrane
remotely between the holder and the downstream carrying the circuit which causes the current to be
pipe flange. This type can be fitted to existing disc interrupted, indicating disc failure.
assemblies or to safety relief valves.
D I R E C T M O U N T E D I N D I C ATO R S
The direct mounted type has the circuit, or Indicator and connect to pins on a pressure tight, feed through
Loop, fixed to the disc. The attached wires then pass seal. Short wires on the other side of the seal then
through the vent side holder, along a connection pipe terminate in the connection head.
R E M O T E I N D I C AT O R S
D I S C / VA C U U M S U P P O R T M AT E R I A L
Material Name Number ASME / ASTM UNS No
*St.St.316 X5CrNiMo 17 12 2 1.4401 SA / A240 - 316 S31600
*St.St.316L X3CrNiMo 17 13 3 1.4436 SA / A240 - 316L S31603
St.St.321 X6CrNiTi 18 10 1.4541 SA / A240 - 321 S32100
*Nickel 200 NA 11 2.4060 SB / B162 - N02200 N02200
*Monel 400 NA 13 2.4360 SB / B127 - N04400 N04400
*Inconel 600 2.4816 SB / B168 - N06600 N06600
Inconel 625 2.4856 SB / B443 - N06625 N06625
*Hastelloy C276 2.4602 SB / B575 - N10276 N10276
*Tantalum B708 - R05200 R05200
Titanium Gr1 3.7025 SB / B265 - R50250 R50250
EN ISO 4126-2, Annex A, provides a list of all the recommended metallic foils for bursting discs.
Non-metalic foils include Graphite, Teflon-PFA and PTFE.
Note: Teflon FEP and Teflon PFA are trade marks of the Dupont Company
H O L D E R M AT E R I A L
Material Name Number ASME / ASTM UNS No
Carbon Steel BS 3146-1 1.0037 SA / A105 K03504
SS 304 X5CrNi 18 10 1.4301 SA / A479 - 304 S30400
SA / A182 - 304
SS 316 X5CrNiMo 17 12 2 1.4401 SA / A479 - 316 S31600
SA / A182 - 316
*SS 316L X3CrNiMo 17 13 3 1.4436 SA / A479 - 316L S31603
SA / A182 - 316L
SS 321 X6CrNiTi 18 10 1.4541 SA / A479 - 321 S32100
SA / A182 - 321
Super Austenitic 254SMO 1.4547 SA / A479 - S31254 S31254
SA / A182 - S31254
Duplex 22Cr5NiMON 1.4462 SA / A479 - S31803 S31803
SA / A182 - S31803
Nickel 200 NA 11 2.4060 SB / B160 - N02200 N02200
Monel 400 NA 13 2.4360 SB / B164 - N04400 N04400
Inconel 600 2.4816 SB / B166 - N06600 N06600
Inconel 625 2.4856 SB / B446 - N06625 N06625
Hastelloy C276 2.4602 SB / B574 - N10276 N10276
Tantalum B708 - R05200 R05200
Titanium Gr1 3.7025 SB / B348 - R50250 R50250
EN ISO 4126-2, Annex B, provides a list of all the recommended metallic materials for bursting disc holders.
ASME Section 2 details holder material requirements for ASME UD certified bursting discs
*Denotes standard materials.
TYPE Material Maximum Maximum
G A S K E T M AT E R I A L Pressure (@20C) Temperature
FLAT GASKET AFM 34 100 Bar 250C
The table lists the common jointing materials AFM 30 100 Bar 200C
G-9900 138 Bar 550C
(as shown on page 19), detailing the maximum Gylon Blue 55 Bar 250C
pressures and temperatures at which they can be used. PTFE 55 Bar 250C
O RING Viton 250 Bar 150C
PTFE 350 Bar 250C
23 Silver Plated St.St. 1000 Bar 600C
Wobaston Road, Fordhouses,
Wolverhampton WW10 6QJ, England
Telephone +44 (0)1902 623550
Facsimile +44 (0)1902 623555
Email marston@safetysystemsuk.com
Web www.safetysystemsuk.com
To enable Marston to supply the optimum Bursting A size and select CD programme is also available on
Disc Device, certain basic information is essential. request. This allows the user to perform sizing and
Photocopy this page, completing as much information capacity calculations in accordance with selected
as possible and forward to the contact details above. international standards.
Tag Number
Service conditions Upstream of Disc
Medium in contact with disc
Gas / Liquid / Vapour MW / SG cp/cv / Visc
Risk of polymerisation?
Normal maximum operating pressure & temperature
Vacuum conditions
Pressure pulsations / Cycling: Give details
Service conditions Downstream of Disc
Medium in contact with disc
Gas / Liquid / Vapour
Normal operating pressure & temperature
Maximum operating pressure & temperature
Vacuum conditions
Installation
Nominal size (or mass flow rate)
Flange standard / facing
Bursting pressure
Temperature at bursting pressure
Sole relieving device / u/s of safety relief valve
Is tapping required? If yes give size
Acceptable disc materials
Acceptable holder materials - upstream
Acceptable holder materials - downstream
Vessel / pipe material
Flange gaskets - type & material
Is fragmentation allowed?
Design pressure
Design code
Accessories
Burst disc indicator Y/N
Excess flow gauge Y/N
Pressure gauge Y/N
Flange bolts Y/N
Jack screws Y/N
Any other relevant information / sketch
Use additional sheet if necessary
Quantities
Discs
Holders
24
G U I D E TO B U R S T I N G D I S C S E L E C T I O N ASME
VIII
The following information is presented as an aid to bursting disc selection. It will guide the
user through certain criteria to give a general assessment of the choice of bursting disc for Applications Kr
a particular application. It will help to
eliminate those which are unsuitable for
specific reasons 1 2 3
NT/NR 4 5
APPLICATIONS 7 8
1 2 3
2
Simple application
CS 4 5 0.4 / 1.2
where a disc is the 6 7 8
primary safety device.
Negative pressure
may require a reverse 1 2 3
pressure support. LPCS 4 5
6 7 8
3
Two discs mounted
in parallel with 1 2 3
interlocked valves GR/G2 4 5
enabling rapid 7
changeover from a
ruptured disc to a
second disc.
MONO 1
4
2
5
3
4
Two discs mounted
BLOC 7
in series. Used where
process media is
likely to attack a disc
material. 1 2 3
MN/MO 4 5
5 6 7 8
REVERSE BUCKLING BURSTING DISCS
A disc used as a
secondary safety
1 2 3
device. In the event
of safety valve failure
RBH/ 4 5 0.5 / 1.0
to vent, the disc RBF 6 7 8
provides the ultimate
protection.
1 2 3
6
A disc used to
LRBH 6
4
7
5
8
1.0
0.3
to
1030
3
to
1200 7 Generally
Required
1 x 10 -6 0.75
0.3 25
NOT
to to
Required 1 x 10 -6 0.80
1030 800
0.07 25
to to Required 1 x 10 -3 0.80
125 1100
0.08 25
to to Required 1 x 10 -3 0.50
10 300
7
0.07 25 Required
to to where 1 x 10 -2 0.80
28.0 450 Pb<1.7barg
0.1
to
56
25
to
350
7 Required
where
Pb<1.7barg
1 x 10 -2 0.80
0.1 25 Generally
to to NOT 1 x 10 -4 0.95
450 1200 (v) Required
0.5 25 Generally
to to NOT 1 x 10 -4 0.95
100 500 (v) Required
Generally
3.0 25
to to
NOT 1 x 10 -4 0.95
Required
100 500
0.2 25 Generally
to to 1 x 10 -3 0.90
Required
100 500
2.25 25 Generally
to to NOT 1 x 10 -4 0.95
(v) Required
380 250
0.04
to
15
25
to
150
7 Required
where
Pb<1.2barg
1 x 10 -3 0.90
(iii) Fragmentation of the Disc during (iv) The effects of pulsating or cyclic pressures on (v) A gas/vapour space, or energising volume,
bursting may be unacceptable. Certain discs discs need to be considered. Reverse buckling discs is required if these discs are to be used on
are designed to eliminate the likelihood of generally offer greater resistance to cyclic conditions liquid applications.
fragmentation. than conventional discs.
26
Explosion Vent Panels
INTRODUCTION
Operators of plant handling flammable gases are well aware of the dangers of explosions and the need for
continual care and attention to prevent ignition. Perhaps less well known is that there is a similar risk when
handling materials that produce dusty conditions, such as foodstuffs, grain, sugar, coal and some plastics and
metals. Where dusts can be present and suspended in the atmosphere, then an equally disastrous explosion can
occur if the mixture is ignited.
The severity of an explosion can be affected by a number of factors, which are often inter-related.
The damage that an explosion can cause is directly related to the pressure that can be generated. This pressure
is affected by the individual characteristics of the dust or gas, the volume and geometry of the vessel being
operated and the strength or rupture pressure of the weakest section of the vessel.
Dusts and gases burning uncontrollably within a vessel can rapidly generate pressures up to
10 Barg (145 Psig) or higher. Unless the vessel is sufficiently strong this high pressure will cause the vessel to
deform or even rupture at its weakest point. Where such vessels are long and relatively narrow the weak point
could be the end-cap. The resultant explosion could induce a fierce jet effect.
A correctly sized and fitted explosion vent panel, or group of panels, will help to reduce the likelihood of major
damage to the vessel and anything nearby.
The vent panel will open at a low pressure and allow the pressure to be released.
The vent area is dependent on the geometry of the equipment being protected. Elongated equipment can
develop very high pressure as a result of pressure piling, resulting in detonations if the explosion is incorrectly
vented.
Care must be exercised when considering venting, in particular the safe siting of the vent panel. In the event of
an explosion, flame, product (both burnt and unburnt) and pressure waves will result.
The equipment being protected will also need to be capable of withstanding the internal pressure and any
resulting reaction forces due to the venting process.
Often, protected equipment will be located indoors, in areas where it is impractical or unsafe to vent. In these
instances it may be possible to vent the explosion through an outside wall, via a duct. The duct should be as
short and straight as possible to minimise its effects on the venting process. A vent may need to be considerably
larger if a duct is used.
27
Who is at Risk?
Many industries are at risk of an explosion. The more common ones are:
Paper
Pharmaceutical
Food
Wood
Aggregates
Plastics
Metal fines
In addition, bulk-handling systems in any industry may be at risk. Equipment such as Blenders, Dryers Cyclones
and Mills are the source of many explosions, not forgetting Filters and Silos, which together account for almost
half of reported explosions. Consideration must also be given to connecting equipment. Conveyors, Ducts and
Elevators are common sources of explosions. Interconnected equipment must be given special attention as an
explosion propagating from one piece of equipment to another can cause even more devastation than one in
isolation.
The ignition can originate from many sources, such as sparks, friction, mechanical failures, flames or even static.
It is very often impossible to eliminate every ignition source, or prevent completely the risk of an explosion.
Therefore venting is probably the most economical form of protection for your plant.
The Solution
Explosion vent panels provide an economical method of minimising the effects of an explosion.
When equipment is unvented, high pressure can quickly be generated. In many cases this pressure is sufficient to
cause permanent and sometimes catastrophic damage.
Marston explosion vent panels are a recognised and effective solution. These panels are of a lightweight
construction and are designed to open and vent, providing almost instantaneous relief at low pressures, typically
0.1 Bar (1.5 Psig). Care must be exercised when siting the vent to ensure that the products of any resulting
explosion are directed to a safe location, minimising the risk of damage or injury.
Marston explosion vent panels provide a fully certified,
reliable, maintenance free solution to the problem of
explosion venting. They are designed to be non-
fragmenting and are simple to install on both new and
existing equipment.
28
C S P E X P L O S I O N V E N T PA N E L S
T S P E X P L O S I O N V E N T PA N E L S
Slotted Membrane
This gives the panel some resistance to
vacuum without adding a support. It
also protects the delicate Teflon seal
membrane from abrasion.
29
A P P L I C AT I O N S
Cyclones
Cyclones require smooth internal surfaces to allow
them to work effectively. Often, due to their relatively
weak construction, it is not possible to fit sufficient
vent area onto the flat, top face of the vortex. In this
case, consideration should be given to a curved panel
which can be designed to follow the shape of the
cylinder.
Dryers
Spray dryers in particular tend to have large volumes,
which in turn require large vent areas. The explosion
vent may then become a major source of heat loss,
reducing the dryers efficiency. Panel selection should
be made with this in mind, using a heat shield to
reduce the heat loss where necessary.
30
Pressure and Temperature
MINIMUM OPENING PRESSURES
Note: If a Heat Shield is used it may be possible to use at higher temperatures. See Accessories section.
Note: If a Heat Shield is used it may be possible to use at higher temperatures. See Accessories section.
Material Units 645. 710. 645. 710. 920. 1000. 920. 1000. 1000. Max
365 450 645 710 586 710 920 920 1000 Temp
Stainless Steel Barg 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.07 300C
(Psig) (1.5) (1.5) (0.75) (0.75) (0.75) (0.75) (1.0) (1.0) (1.0) (570F)
Nickel Barg 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 400C
(Psig) (1.5) (1.5) (0.75) (0.75) (0.75) (0.75) (750F)
Inconel Barg 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 550C
(Psig) (1.5) (1.5) (1.0) (1.0) (1.0) (1.0) (1020F)
Aluminium Barg 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 100C
(Psig) (1.0) (1.0) (0.75) (0.75) (0.75) (0.75) (0.75) (0.75) (0.75) (212F)
Note: If a Heat Shield is used it may be possible to use at higher temperatures. See Accessories section.
Marston explosion vent panels can meet or exceed the advisory limits recommended in the
various codes and guides. For details or to discuss pressure requirements below the limits
set out above, the engineer, contractor or user should contact the factory direct.
31
Frames
FRAMES AND FITTING
Marston explosion vent panels are usually mounted cleaning, or it could be a reverse pressure such as
into a bolted frame to enable them to be fitted onto wind loading. Whatever the reason, any restriction
the equipment they are protecting. Using a frame must be taken into account when establishing the
guarantees the opening size and therefore the required vent area.
accuracy of the opening pressure. They also ease the
installation procedure in many cases. The frame Generally frames are constructed from either Stainless
section employed by Marston is generally flat which Steel or Carbon Steel, although it is possible for other
allows the user to bolt directly to the protected materials to be considered.
equipment and allows the simple connection of
downstream ducting. The frames can be supplied with Marston are always ready to provide a custom
either the Marston recommended hole configuration, designed solution to satisfy the individual needs of the
or to suit the clients own or existing arrangement. customer. This can involve differing shapes and sizes,
rectangular, circular, semi-circular, trapezoidal,
In some instances, the frames may be fitted with a triangular and even curved panels are just some of the
support grid or mesh. This can be to prevent shapes available.
implosion of a membrane or to prevent injury to
personnel falling through. Implosion may be as a result We also appreciate the need to provide the user with
of a vacuum condition during normal operation or a readily available, standard solution.
M A R S T O N R A N G E O F S TA N D A R D F R A M E S I Z E S
W
l
L
Indicators
In line with all other Marston products, explosion vent
panels can be supplied with Indicators, which, when
connected to the plant operating systems, can shut the
plant down in the event of an explosion. Indicators are
certified in accordance with ATEX Directive 94/9/EC.
Earthing Strap
To minimise the risk of a static discharge, panels can be
fitted with a braided Earth Strap. Often this is not
necessary as the panel is usually earthed via the flange
bolts. However in some applications where static
discharge is a high risk, an Earth Strap is a valuable
addition.
33
Heat Shield
A Heat Shield may be required for one of two reasons.
Firstly, it may be required to insulate a panel from a
very high process temperature, secondly, it may be
required to prevent the accumulation of condensation
on the inside face of a panel, which may affect the
efficiency of the process in the equipment being
protected.
Gaskets
Standard Marston panels are supplied fitted with simple
soft sponge rubber gaskets. To accommodate various
operating conditions, alternative gasket materials are
also available. In hygienic applications, particularly those
involving food, a white neoprene gasket may be used.
Where process temperature is too high for simple
sponge rubber gaskets, a synthetic fibre gasket may be a
suitable alternative. Whilst these are the most
common alternative gasket materials, any other material
preferred by the user may be considered.
34
Sizing and Selection
VENT SIZING
The sizing and selection of the most suitable explosion Marston Engineers are always available for advice.
vent panel can often be critical to the safety of plant Providing sufficient information is available, vent areas
and personnel. Marstons team of Application can be established in accordance with the agreed guide
Engineers possess both expertise and experience, such that in the event of an explosion, the fully opened
enabling them to assess each customers individual panel will release the products of the combustion and
specifications and design a high quality, cost effective relieve the pressure.
solution. This ensures that every explosion vent panel
offered is the best technical solution for the required The calculated vent area is dependent on various
duty. design and operating criteria. The vessel will dictate
the volume, geometry and the maximum allowable
Marston generally work to one of two recognised pressure. The operating conditions of the system,
guides: along with the maximum allowable pressure, will help
to determine the opening pressure of the panel.
VDI 3673
Generally this is 0.1 Barg (1.5 Psig). The product
Pressure relief of dust explosions
(dust or gas) will define specific characteristics related
VDI - Verlag Dusseldorf Germany
to explosivity, such as the maximum unvented
NFPA - 68
pressure capability and the rate of pressure rise that
Guide for Venting of Deflagrations
can be generated.
National Fire Protection Association,
USA VDI 3673 addresses only dust explosions This data can be used to establish the required vent
whereas NFPA-68 provides guidance on both dust and area by using either nomographs or, more accurately,
gas explosions. by calculation.
35
Wobaston Road, Fordhouses,
Wolverhampton WW10 6QJ, England
Telephone +44 (0)1902 623550
Facsimile +44 (0)1902 623555
Email marston@safetysystemsuk.com
Web www.safetysystemsuk.com
To enable Marston to supply the optimum Explosion Photocopy this page, completing as muich information
Vent Panel, certain basic information is essential. as possible and forward to the contact details above.
Tag Number
Service conditions
Product
KSt
Pmax
Normal maximum operating pressure & temperature
Vacuum conditions - State if none
Reverse pressures - eg. Wind load - State if none
Pressure pulsations/Cycling: Give Details
Installation
Volume of enclosure
Enclosure dimensions (Please provide sketch if possible)
Vent area required
Preferred vent dimensions (if known)
Activation Pressure (Pstat)
Temperature at Activation Pressure
Acceptable membrane materials
Acceptable frame materials - Upstream
Acceptable frame materials - Downstream
Enclosure material
Gaskets - Type & material
Design pressure
Design code
Accessories
Indicator Y/N
Thermal Insulation Y/N
Any other relevant information/sketch - use additional sheet if necessary
Quantities
Vent Panels
Frames
Enclosures
To enable Marston Engineers to provide the best possible solution to your application,
please provide a drawing of the installation wherever possible.
36
E X P L O S I O N V E N T PA N E L S E L E C T I O N G U I D E
Maximum Operating
Applications Pressure Vacuum
Applications **** (Minimum Activation Pressure x)
1. Silo/Hopper
Atmospheric pressure
CSP-F
1
5
2
6
3
7
4
0.3
fill/empty effects only. 1 2 3 4
CSP-FM 0.3
5 6 7
2. Filter 1 2 3 4
Atmospheric pressure
CSP-D 0.7
5 6 7
steady flow only.
37
Non Max Temp Max Pred
Hygienic Fragmenting C (F) Barg (Psig) Vibration
* ***
250 (480) 2.0 (29) Flat Composite Slotted vent panel, suitable
for equipment operating at or near
atmospheric pressure without vacuum.
Flat Composite Slotted vent panel, suitable
Domed Composite Slotted vent panel with
**
100 (210) 2.0 (29)
Domed Composite Slotted vent panel with
foam infil, suitable for equipment operating
under fluctuating pressures.
250 (480) 2.0 (29) Flat Triple Skin vent panel, suitable for
equipent operating at or near atmospheric
pressure.
**
150 (300) 2.0 (29)
Flat Triple Skin vent panel, with foam infil,
suitable for equipment operating under
slightly fluctuating pressures.
250 (480) 2.0 (29) Flat Triple Skin vent panel, suitable for
equipment operating at or near atmospheric
pressure, where vacuum may be present.
**
100 (210) 2.0 (29)
Domed Triple Skin vent panel with foam infil,
suitable for equipment operating under
fluctuating pressures.
* Hygienic means that the vent panel has no slots or crevices where product can accumulate. Food quality materials
should be used wherever necessary.
** Lightweight infill material will be expelled upon venting.
*** For higher temperatures a heat shield may be used. See Accessories, page 37.
38
Marston, Wobaston Road, Fordhouses
Wolverhampton, WV10 6QJ, UK
Tel +44 (0)1902 623550
Fax +44 (0)1902 623555
Email marston@safetysystemsuk.com
Web site www.safetysystemsuk.com
Registered Office:
Victoria Road, Leeds,
MAPR0206 LS11 5UG, UK