INTRODUCTION

Redox reaction involves the transfer of electron, whereas an acid-base reaction

involves the transfer of protons. Just as an acid can be titrated against a base, we
can titrate an oxidising agent against a reducing agent using a similar procedure.
We can carefully add a solution containing an oxidising agent to a solution
containing a reducing agent. The end point is reached when the reducing agent
is completely oxidised by the oxidising agent. Two common oxidising agents
are potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O2) and potassium permanganate (KMnO40).
The colours of the dichromate and permanganate anions are different from those
of the reduced species.

Cr2O72- Cr3+

Yellow-orange Green

MnO4- Mn2+

Light purple Pink

Ferum (II) sulphate is a reducing agent. It is considered an absolute standard,

which means that if you weight an amount, you will know exactly how many
moles of product you have, without losing an amount between weighing and
making the solution , and there is no indefinite amount of impurities (like
absorbed water) to affect the measurement.

Thus, these oxidising agents can themselves be used as an internal indicator in a

redox titration because they have distinctly different colours in the oxidised and
reduced forms. Redox titration requires the same method of calculation (based
on the mole method) as acid-base neutralisation.
 OBJECTIVE

To determine the molarity and concentration of solution by titration with

potassium permanganate.

APPARATUS
Volumetric flask (250mL), pipette (20mL),graduated cylinder(10mL), conical
flasks (250mL),beaker(50mL) and burette.

CHEMICALS
Ferum (II) sulphate FeSO4, 0.025M standard KMnO4 solution and 2.0M
sulphuric acid.
 PROCEDURE
1. Burette was washed with tap water followed by distilled water then rinsed
with about 5-10mL KMnO4 solution, running the second rinsing through
the burette tip. The burette was clamped to the retort stand.
2. The burette was filled with KMnO4 , making sure the tip is completely
filled and contains no air bubbles. The initial burette reading to two
decimal places was recorded. Since the colour of KMnO4 is quite
intense, you may be required to give a good estimation of the burette
volume.
3. On an analytical balance, 8g of ferum(II) sulphate was weighed
accurately using weighing paper. The mass of FeSO4 was recorded.
4. With the aid of a filter funnel, the weighed sample to a 250mL volumetric
flask was carefully transferred. The funnel been rinsed with distilled
water into the volumetric flask. Using a graduated cylinder, 10mL
sulfuric acid was added into the volumetric flask. Distilled water was
added until the calibration mark(use a medicine dropper to add the last
few drop of distilled water). The flask was capped and shaked to obtain a
homogeneous solution.
5. About 50mL FeSO4 was poured into a small beaker. A pipette was
washed with distilled water and rinsed with FeSO4 solution(all rinsing
solution must be discarded!). Pipette 20mL solution FeSO4 into a
conical flask (ensure there are no air bubbles at the tip of the pipette).
6. 10mL sulphuric acid was added into the conical flask using a graduated
cylinder.
7. This solution was titrated with the standard KMnO4 solution from the
burette until the end point is reached. The end point is indicated by the
permanent colour change from dark purple to light pink. The final
burette reading was recorded. This is the result of the ROUGH
TITRATION.
8. The titration process were repeated until two consecutive titrations(one
titration after another) agree to 0.10mL.
 QUESTION
Why did the solution turn to pink at the end of the titration?

The solution turned pink because the solution react with sulphuric acid and
the primary reaction was finished.

Table 5.1: Determination of Molarity and Concentration of Ferum (II)

Sulphate.

Number of titration ROUGH Titration 1 Titration 2

Titration
Final burette reading 30.0 28.8 28.8
(mL)
Initial burette 0 0 0
reading(mL)
Volume of KMnO4 30.0 28.8 28.8
used(mL)

Mass of sample FeSO4 used: 8.0 g

Volume of FeSO4 used (pipette volume): 20.0 mL

Concentration of standard KMnO4: 0.025 M

Average volume of KMnO4 : 28.8 mL

(from the two consecutive titrations which agree to 0.10 mL)
Calculate the molarity (M) and concentration (g/L) of iron (II) sulphate. Use
relevant chemical equations to support you answer.

Fe M1 V1 5
= = =
Mn M2 V2 1

1 (20) 5
M1 = =
0.025 (28.8) 1

M1 = 0.18 x 152 g/mole = 27.36 g/L

MnO-4 + 8H+ + 5Fe2+ Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O

 DISCUSSION

Since the lab apparatus used burette and pipette has their own accuracy, I
expected to get an accuracy reading and measurement. The reading of
burette must be in two decimal places. Besides that, we expect to find the
actual molarity and concentration of solution by titration with potassium
manganate.

Based on the result, we obtain the final and initial burette reading in two
decimal places. We also obtain the volume of KMnO4 used by titration. By
the result also we can calculate the molarity and concentration of ferum(II)
sulphate and its chemical equations.

Before the experiment, we had make sure that the apparatus was in a good
condition and wiped dry. We also had to rinse and wash before use it to
ensure the apparatus was clean from other chemical solution. To avoid any
error, we must make sure the reading of burette was recorded in two decimal
places.

CONCLUSION

From this redox titration lab, we were able to determine the unknown
molarity of a substance that went through a redox chemical reaction. For our
lab, the concentration of the solution was determined to be 27.36 g/L. As a
result, the unknown molarity of the Fe2+ solution was determined in this lab
through the use of a redox titration.

REFERENCES

1. Nurul Nasulhah Karim, Principle of General Chemistry Laboratory

Experiment for General Chemistry, 2014, University Publication Centre
UiTM.
2. https://www.scribd.com
3. En.m.wikipedia.org
4. https://malaysia.answer.yahoo.com