You are on page 1of 67

`

PLANNING AND DESIGNING OF LIBRARY BUILDING


A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

K.VENKATESH (Reg.No:814614103319)

L.AJITH (Reg.No:814614103301)

S.BARANIKUMAR (Reg.No:814614103303)

K.DEEPANRAJ (Reg.No:814614103304)

In Partial Fulfillment for the Award of The Degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

CIVIL ENGINEERING

TRICHY ENGINEERING COLLEGE , KONALAI, TRICHY-621132

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

OCTOBER 2017
`

ANNAUNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025


BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project reportPLANNING AND DESIGNING OF LIBRARY


BUILDINGis thebenefited work of K.VENKATESH(814614103319),
L.AJITH(814614103301), S.BARANIKUMAR(814614103303) ,
K.DEEPANRAJ(814614103304)who carried out of the Project work under my
supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Mrs. A. UMA . M.Tech, Ph.d., Mr.V.PARTHIPAN .ME
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Assistant Professor
Civil Engineering Civil Engineering

Trichy Engineering College, Trichy Engineering College,


Konalai-621132 Konalai-621132

Submitted for the project viva-voice examination held on_____________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER


`

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION 01

2 SPECIFICATION 02

2.1 INTRODUCTION 02

2.2 FOUNDATION 02

2.3 BASEMENT 02

2.4 SAND FILLING 02

2.5 FLOORING 02

2.6 WALLS 03

2.7 LINTEL AND SUNSHADE 03

2.8 COLUMNS 03

2.9 ROOFING 03

2.10 WEATHERING COURSE 03

2.11 ROOF FINISHING 03

2.12 FLOOR FINISHING 04

2.13 PLASTERING 04

2.14 PAINTING 04
`

2.15 DISTEMPERING 04
2.16 WHITE WASHING 05

3 ABBREVATION 06

4 DESIGN 07

4.1 DESIGN OF SLAB 07

4.2 DESIGN OF BEAM 32

4.3 DESIGN OF COLUMN 41

4.4 DESIGN OF FOUNDATION 48

4.5 DESIGN OF BOLCONY SLAB 82

4.6 DESIGN OF SEPTIC TANK 94

5 DATA COLLECTION 97

6 CONCLUTION 99
`

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We whould like to place on record our deep sense of gratitude to our chairman
Mrs.SUJATHA SUBRAMANIAM ,trichy engineering college, sivagnanamnager,
konalai ,trichy 621132
Who has been a perennial source of inspiration and encouragement for the successful
completion of our project

We would like to express our thanks to our principal Dr.M.CHANDERSEKARand we


would also like to express our thanks to our vice principal Dr.M.ANUSYAfor giving
permission and continuous support and guidance to enable us to complete our project
successfully . we would also like to convey our thankes to head of
departmentMrs.UMA,M.Tech,Phd for guiding us at regular intrvals . its my pleasur
thank our project guide Mr.V.PARATHIPAN,M.E for her continuos and valuable
guidince that helped us to complete our project in time.

We are also thankful to all the faculties of civil department for their whole hearted support
to finish our project successfully in time.
`

Finally we would like to thank our batch members for co-ordinating with us and also our
class mates who have helped us a lot in completing this project successfully .

ABSTRACT

Today our public library system is so effective due to lack of an efficient


system for providing services and facilities for resource sharing. Thus by using my
library we get a perfect and full-fledged knowledge about today`s world with the
help of internet as well as the past history with help of book. Local communities
provide animportant content in which children, youth and families grow develop
and function. The whole of the space for ventilation has been provided as per Indian
Standard Specification. The building is proposed with good ventilation and natural
environmental. The library building is designed G+1. The construction of building
based on soil condition. Structural members of library like slabs, beams, columns
and footing. Even constructing the building is done by proper planning and
designing. The type of structure is framed structure. Structural design by fe 415 steel
and M20 grade concrete. According to IS 456: 2000 by limit state method. The
drawing are done by AUTOCAD software. The report present planning and
designing of PUBLIC LIBRARY BUILDING in Irungalur.
`

LIST OF SYMBOLS

A = Area

Ast = Area of tensile steel

Asc = Area of the compression steel

B = Breadth of beam (or) shorter span

D = Overall depth of beam (or) slab

D1 = Thickness of flange

fck = Characteristics compressive strength of concrete

fy = Characteristic strength of steel

W = Total load on the slab (or) beam

W = Uniformity distributed load/meter

B.M = Bending moment


`

Lx = Effective length about XX axis

Ly = Effective length about YY axis

Ld = Development length

M.R = Moment of resistance

Sv = Spacing of stirrups

T = Torsion moment

V = Shear force

W = Wind load

Xa = Depth of actual neutral axis

Z = Modulus of section

bsc = Permissible stress in steel in compression

bst = Permissible stress in steel in tension

lc = Shear stress in concrete

lv = Nominal shear stress

M.F = Modification factor

B.V = Basic value

% = Percentage

P = Axial load

Mx = Maximum bending moment is shorter span


`

My = Maximum bending moment in longer span

C/C = Center to center distance

= Distance of steel bar

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL:

Libraries are local centers of information which is easily available of ideas


and help people to improve their skills including internet and free Wi-Fi unique
collection of materials and books. The important aspect of this system is to provide
the public the easy access to the data online through the network library users can
obtain information from books magazines, manuscripts, newspapers, pamphlets, and
online, database.

Library users will also have access to audio and visual materials such as CDs,
DVDs. The request can be made in their local language or language of their interest
e.g. Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada, Hindi or English. The public libraries can reduce
their expenses and can perform more cost effectively.

The present library system can be made more usefully by application of


information and community Technology and increasing the public participation. The
`

proposed library will provide all facility to the public we hope that if would helpful
the public to extend.

1.2 OBJECTIVE:

It is seen that there is no any library in and around this place. They have to
travel a long distance for their library need.
A student or researched that has these skills get significantly
More value than their study and research.
In addition students have to a greater extended to find information
independently.
To transform the public libraries into more relevant and citizen sensitive
social institutions.
Promoting library movement in the country.
Developing library and information about science education.
Training and research betterment of library personnel.
Promotion of standards, norms, services and guidelines.

1.3 OUR PROPOSAL OVER VIEW:

The people around this place may not travel for a long distance for their

library.

The important aspects of drinking water through in library.


All are going to get benefits.
The library building is designed G+1.
The whole of the space for ventilation has been provided as per indian
standard specification. The average collection of books in libraries is
12307 books, magazines is 7, newspaper 5, users/members 123 among
`

which included teachers, students, farmers etcThe average availability


of computers.

1.4 SPECIFICATION:

FOUNDATION

In this area the available soil is brown soil. Bearing capacity of soil 200KN/m2
so, the foundation adopted in this area is a shallow foundation. As per designs of the
foundation details arrived are given below. The foundation for all main walls will be
in cement concrete 1:4:8 mix. 1200 wide and 200thick.Laid at 1200 below grounas
level. The mastery footing will be brick work in cement mortar 1:5, the first footing
being 600x500 for all main walls and verandah retaining wall.

BASEMENT

The basement will be in brick work in cement mortar 1:5, 300 wide and 600
thick above ground level for all main wall and verandah retaining walls. It is filled
with clean sand to a depth of 450, a damp proof course, in cement mortar 1:3, 20
thick will be provided for all walls at basement level.

DAMP PROOF COURSE


`

The top of basement structure damp proof course with C.M 1:5 with 20mm
thick using crude oil 50% weight of cement used.

SUPER STRUCTURE

All main walls will be in brick work with cement mortar 1:5, using stock
bricks 230mm thick. The height of all walls will be 3600 above floor level. The
partition walls at toilets will be 200mm thick brick work in cement mortar 1:5, using
first class bricks. Parapet wall 200mm thick and 600mm high will be provided all
around. All the walls including basement will be plastered smooth with cement
mortar 1:4.

LINTEL

All internal wall opening will be provided with R.C.C lintel 1:2:4 mix, 150mm
thick and all external wall opening will be provided with lintel cum sunshade 1:2:4
mix 150mm thick.

ROOFING

The roofing will be party of R.C.C 1:2:4 mix, 100mm thick flat slab. A
Weathering course of 7.5mm thick, consisting of two courses of flat tiles set in
cement mortar 1:3 mixed with crude oil will be provided over the slab.
`

WEATERING COURSE

Weathering course will be provided over the R.C.C slab with 10mm brick
jelly in slaked lime with 10% crude oil.

PARAPET WALL

Parapet will be provided with brick masory in C.M 1:5 200mm thick.

DOOR AND WINDOWS

M D - Main Door - 1500x2100

D - Flush door - 1500x2100

W1 - Window glazed - 1500x1200

W2 - Window glazed - 1200x1200

O - Opening - 1000x2100

FLOORING

The flooring will be in cement concrete 1:5:10, 130 thick, the top plastered
smooth with cement mortar 1:3, 20 thick for all the portions.

FINISHING

All the walls both inside and outside are finised with plastering of C.M 1:4
12mm thick. And outer walls are painted with cement paint and inside walls are
white washed with shell lime.
`

WHITE WASHING

White washing of 2 coats with fine screened lime required gum over the inside
and outside of the walls.

FINISHING

All the doors, windows and grill work are painted with synthetic enamel paint
of approved color and quality in two coats.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 GENERAL:

A Literature review is both a summary and explanation of the complete and


current state of knowledge on a limited topics as found in acdemics books and
journal articles. There are two kinds of literature reviews you might write at
university: One that the students are asked to write as a stand-alone assignment in a
course, often as part of their training in the research processes in their field, and the
other that is written as part of an introduction to, or preparation for, a longer work,
usually a thesis or research report.

2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW:

Jay R.Carow,AIA,ALAThe bringing together of cost effective and


enhanced library services, and doing so by listening to the community and the
experience of other is a repeated theme of our authors. Another theme developed in
part by Donald Bergomi and Elisabeth Martin is that libraries capture the history,
image, and spirit of the communities they serve I believe we agree that libraries have
`

a value beyond the sum of their parts when they are more than just ware houses
understanding the heritage of library in general and the needs and image of the
communities served is an important consideration in the planning process the
broadest and fullest use of libraries will be made if they are representative of our
time and place in history, in the same way that the Carnegie libraries were
representative of their time. According to the architect Le corbusier, there are living
past and dead past.Some parts are the liveliest instigators of the present, yhe best
springboard into the future. Let us draw upon the library`s graceful architectural
heritage, combine it with the available technologies of today, and create a new form
public building open and free, wonderful, joy- inspiring places to join with our
neighbors and children in finding information and guidance towards a better life. Let
us dream the best library and find the way to build that dream.

Prof.Cirillo,Susan E., and Robert E.DanfordLibrary building, equipment,


and the ADA Compliance Issues and Solutions. Chicago: American library
Association, 1996.This collection of essays considers a wide range a wide range of
issues dealing with how the Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA) affects
libraries. The text cover issues such as building design, adaptive technology,
furnishings and equipment, and how it is structured. The various contributors walk
the library planner through the confusing issues around the ADA so that quality
servided for all library users.

Prof. Mayo, Diane, and Sandra Nelson.Wired for Future: Developing Your
Library Technology Plan. Chicago: American library Association, 1999.Although
written primarily form a public library perspective, the topics covered the planning
process, identification of technology needs, reviewing options, selecting the
infrastructure, and managing the implementation process are universal. There are
technical notes, a glossary, a bibliography, and workforms
`

Sannwald, William W.This list of over 1,500 question on nearly every aspect
of library building projects is designed by Sannwald to ensure that the reader covers
all detail in a building project. From the site selection, to planning and architecture,
to ADA compliance, to shelving to security, this guide will help you evaluate all
phases of the building project. This checklist would be most effective when paired
with one of the step by step manuals on this list.

Dewe, Michael, This set of essays prepared by the International Federation of


Library Association and Institutions(IFLA) Building and Equipment Section
includes classic discussions on the relationship between librarian and architect. Of
special note is Margaret Beckman`s Using a library building consultant.
`

CHAPTER 3

STRUCTURL DESIGN

3.1 DESING OF SLAB

A flat, horizontal molded layer of plain or reinforced concrete, usually of


uniform but sometimes of variable thickness, positioned either on the ground or
supported by beams, columns, walls, or other framework.

TWO- WAY SLAB

A reinforced concrete slab in which the main reinforcing runs in two


directions, parallel to the length and width of the panel.

SLAB

Design for Book storage room slender, Printer room, Book storage room.

Lx = 3.96 m

Ly = 3.96 m

Live load = 4 KN/M2


`

Floor finished load = 1 KN/M2

fy = 415 N/MM2

fck = 20 N/MM2 .

SLAB CALCULATION

Ly/Lx < 2

3.96/3.96 < 2

1<2

Hence is two way slab design.

EFFECTIVE DEPTH

Span = 25

Effective depth, d = Span / 25

= 3960 / 25

= 158 mm ~ 160 mm

Assume cover = 40 mm

Over all depth = d + D1

= 160 + 40
`

= 200 mm

EFFECTIVE SPAN

Effective span = Clear span + Effective depth

= 3.96 + 0.16

= 4.12 m

LOAD CALCULATION

Self wight = b x D x Unit of concrete

= 1 x 0.20 x 25

= 5KN/M2

Live load = 4 KN/M2

Floor finished load = 1 KN/M2

Total load (W) = 10 KN/M2

Ultimate load Wu = 1.5 x W

= 1.5 x 10

= 15 KN/m2

DESIGN MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE

IS 456:2000 in table 20 in 27

Ly/ Lx = 1.0
`

x = 0.062 y = 0.062

Mxu = x xW x Lx2

= 0.062 x15x 3.96

= 14.88 KNM

Myu = yx W xLx2

= 14.88 KNM

Shear force

Vum = 0.5 x Wx Lx

= 0.5 x 15 x3.76

= 29.7 KN

CHECK FOR DEPTH

Mu = 0.87 FyAst d [1 AstFy/Fck b d]

14.58 x 106 = 0.87x 415xAst x160[ 1 Astx415/ 20x1000x160]

= 57.76x103 Ast 7.486 Ast2

= 7.486Ast2 57.768x 103+ 14.58x106

= 261mm2 ~ 260 mm2

Du = (Mu/ 0.138Fck b)

= (14.58x106 / 0.138x20x1000)

= 72 ~ 100mm
`

du< d

100 < 160 mm

Hence is safe.

Provide in 12 mm dia bar

ast= (/4) x d2

= ( /4)x 122

= 113 mm2

Spacing Sv = ( ast / As)tx1000

= (113/260) x 1000

= 435 mm2

DISTRIBUTION FOR REINFORCEMENT

Ast = 0.12xbxD

= 0.12 x 1000 x200

= 240 mm2

Provide in 10 mm dia bar.

ast=(/4) x d2
`

= (/4) x 102

= 78.53 ~ 100 mm2

Spacing Sv = ( ast / Astx )1000

= (100/240 )x 1000

= 416 ~ 400 mm

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS

u= Vu/ bxd

= (29.7x 103) / (1000x160)

= 0.18 N/mm2

Pt = 100 xAst /bd

= 100xx 260 / 1000x160

= 0.16

100x (Ast/bd) u

x1= 0.15 y1 = 0.28

c = 0.16

x2 = 0.25 y2 = 0.36

Refer table 19 for IS 456: 2000

= y1 ( y2- y1)/( x2- x1) x (c x1)


`

= 0.28- (0.36- 0.28)/ (0.25 0.15) x (0.16 0.15)

= 0.28 (0.08 / 0.1) x 0.01

= 0.27

Pt = 0.16

c= 0.27

K xc = 1.20x 0.27

= 0.32 N/MM2

v<c

0.18 < 0.27

Hence the shear stress are which in safe permissible time.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

Considering unit width of slab in the short span direction Lx

( L/D)base = 20

Pt = 0.16 from fig 5.1 Kt = 1.4

(L/D)max = ( 20/1.4 x 28)

(L/D)actual= ( 4120 /160)

= 26 > 28

Hence deflection control is statisfied.


`

CHECK FOR CRACK CONTROL

) Reinforcement provide is more than 0.12 %

ast = 0.12 % bd

= (0.12/100) / 1000 x200

= 240mm2

ii) Spacing of main reinforcement > 3d

= ( 3x 160)

= 480mm

iii) Determine of reinforcement < (D/8) <( 2000/8 ) < 25mm

Hence cracks will be within safe permissible limits.

TORSION REINFORCEMENT AT CORNERS

Area of torsion steel at each of the corners in 4 layer is computed

= (0.75 x315)

= 236 mm2

Length over which torsion steel is provided = (1/5) short span

= (1/5) 3960

= 792 mm ~ 750 mm
`

Provide 8mm diameter bars at 200mm centres for a length of 750mm at of four
corners is 4 layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Ast = 0.12% bD2

= (0.128x100) x1000x 200

= 240mm2

Provide 12 mm diameter bars at 350mm centers.

RESULT

12mm diameter bars at 300mm centers for short span.

12mm diameter bars at 300mm centers for long span.


`

3.1.2 DESIGN FOR FREE SPACING ROOM

Lx = 3.5 m

Ly = 2.27 m

Live load = 4 KN/M2

Floor finished = 1 KN/m2

Fy = 415 N/MM2

DETERMINE SLAB CALCULATION

Lx/Ly < 2

2.27 / 3.5 < 2

0.65 < 2

Hence is two way slab design.

EFFECTIVE DEPTH
`

Span / Effective depth = 25

d = Span / 25

= 2270 / 25

= 91 ~ 100mm

Assume cover = 40 mm

Over all depth = d + d1

= 100 + 40

D = 140 mm

EFFECTIVE SPAN

Effective span = Clear span + Effective depth

= 2.27+ 0.10

= 2.37mm

LOAD CALCULATION

Self load = b x D x Unit of concrete

= 1x0.14x 25

= 3.5 KN/M2
`

Live load = 4 KN/M2

Floor finished load = 1 KN/M2

Total load W = 8.5KN/M2

Ultimate load Wu = 1.5 x W

= 1.5 x 8.5

= 12.75 KN/M2

DESIGN MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE

IS 456 : 2000 in table in 27.

Lx/Ly = 1.5

x = 0.104 y = 0.046

Mxu= xxWx Lx2

= 0.104 x 12.75 x 2.272

= 6.83 KNM

Myu= yxWxLx2

= 0.046 x 12.75x 2.272

= 3.0 KNM

Shear force Vum= 0.5 x W x Lx

= 0.5 x12.75 x 2.27


`

= 14.47 KN

CHECK FOR DEPTH

du = ( Mu/ 0.138 Fck b)

= (6.83x 106) / (0138x20x1000)

= 49 ~ 50 mm

du < d

50 < 100

Hence is safe.

REINFORCEMENT

Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d [ 1 (Astxfy) / ( fckxbxd)]

6.83x106 = 0.87 x 415xAstx100 [1- (Astx415)/ (20xx1000x100)]

= 36105 Ast [1- 2.075x10-4] Ast

= 36105 Ast 7.49Ast2


`

= 7.49 Ast2 - 36105 Ast + 6.83x 106

Ast = 197.2 ~ 200mm2

Provide in 12mm dia bars.

ast = (/4) x d2

= (/4) x 102

= 78.53

Spacing Sv = (ast/ Ast)x1000

= (78.53/ 200 )x 1000

= 392.65 = 350mm

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS

v= Vu/bd

= 14.4 x103/ 1000x100

= 0.14 N/MM2

Pt = 100 Ast / bd

= (100x200) / (1000x100)

= 0.20

(100xAst) / bd c

x1= 0.15 0.18 y1


`

x2 = 0.25 0.22 y2

C = 0.20

= y1 - (x2 x2)/ (y2 y1)x (C x1)

= 0.22- [(0.22-0.18)/(0.25- 0.15)] x( 0.20 -0.15)

= 0.22 ( 0.04/0.1)x (0.05)

= 0.2

Pt = 0.20

c = 0.20

K c = 1.20 x 0.20

= 0.24 N/MM2

v<c

0.14 < 0.20

Hence the shear stress are which in safe permissible time.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

Considering unit width of slab in the short span direction Lx.

(L/D)base= 20

Pt = 0.20 From fig 5.1 Kt = 1.6

(L/D)max= ( 20x1.6)
`

= 32

(L/D) actual = (2370 / 100)

= 2.4 > 32

Hence deflection control is satisfied.

CHECK FOR CRACK CONTROL

) Reinforcement provided in more than 0.12%


= 0.12% b D
= 0.12/100x 1000 x140
= 168mm2
) Spacing in main reinforcement > 3d
= (3x100)
= 300 mm

) Diameter of reinforcement < (D/8)


<( 140/ 8)
< 18mm
Hence cracks will be with in safe.
TENSION REINFORCEMENT AT CORNERS
Area of torsion steel at each of the corners in 4 layers is computed as
(0.75x315) = 236mm2
`

Length over which torsion steel is provided = (1/5) short span


= (1/5) 2270
= 454 mm ~ 450mm
Provided 6 mm diameter bars at 120 mm centers for 450mm at all four corners is 4
layers.
REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIPS
Ast = 0.12 % bD
= (0.12/100) x 1000x 140
= 168 mm2
Provided 10 mm diameter bar 300 mm centers
RESULT
10mm diameter bar at 250mm centers for short span.
10mm diameter bar at 300mm centers for long span.
`

3.1.3 HALL DESIGN


Lx = 5 m

Ly = 3.5 m

Live load = 4 KN/M2

Floor finished = 1 KN/M2

fy = 415 N/MM2

fck = 20 N/MM2

DETERMINE SLAB CALCULATION

Lx/Ly < 2

3.5 / 5 < 2

0.67 < 2

Hence is two way slab design.


`

EFFECTIVE DEPTH

Span / Effective depth = 25

d = Span / 25

= 5000 / 25

= 200mm

Assume cover = 40 mm

Over all depth = d + d1

= 200 + 40

D = 240 mm

EFFECTIVE SPAN

Effective span = Clear span + Effective depth

= 5+ 0.2

= 5.2mm

LOAD CALCULATION

Self weight = b x D xUnit of concrete

= 1x 0.24x 25

= 6KN/M2

Live load = 4 KN/M2

Floor finished load = 1 KN/M2


`

Total load W = 11KN/M2

Ultimate load Wu = 1.5 x W

= 1.5x 11

= 16.5 KN/M

DESIGN MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE

IS 456 : 2000 in table in 27.

Lx/Ly = 0.45

x = 0.062 y = 0.062

Mxu= xx W x Lx2

= 0.062x 16.5 x 52

= 25.57 KNM

Myu = yx W x Lx2

= 0.062 x 16.5 x 52

= 25.57 KNM

Shear force Vum= 0.5 xWxLx

= 0.5 x 25.57x 5

= 63.93 KN

CHECK FOR DEPTH

du = ( Mu/ 0.138 Fck b)


`

= (25.57 x106) / (0138x20x1000)

= 96.25 mm ~ 100 mm

du< d

100 < 200

Hence is safe.

REINFORCEMENT

Mu = 0.87 xFy x Ast x d [ 1 (Astxfy) / ( fck x b x d)]

25.57x106 = 0.87 x415xAst x200 [1- (Astx415)/ (20x 1000x100)]

= 72210 Ast [1- 1.037x10-4] Ast

= 72210 Ast 7.49Ast2

= 7.49 Ast2 - 72210 Ast + 25.57 x 106

Ast = 368 mm2 ~ 400mm2

Provide in 10mm dia bars.

ast = (/4) x d2

=( /4)x 202
`

= 78.53

Spacing Sv = ( ast/ Ast)x1000

= (78.53/ 368) x1000

= 213mm ~ 200mm

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS

v= Vu/bd

= 63.93 x103/ 1000x200

= 0.319 N/MM2

Pt = 100 Ast / bd

= (100x400) / (1000x200)

= 0.20

(100xAst) / bd c

x1= 0.15 0.18 y1

x2 = 0.25 0.22 y2

C = 0.20

= y1 - (x2 x2)/ (y2 y1)x (C x1)

= 0.22- [(0.22-0.18)/(0.25- 0.15)] x ( 0.20 -0.15)

= 0.22 ( 0.04/0.1) x(0.034)


`

= 0.4664

Pt = 0.20

c = 0.46

K c = 1.20x 0.46

= 0.552 N/MM2

v<c

Hence the shear stress are which in safe permissible time.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION CENTRAL

Considering unit width of slab in the short span direction Lx.

(L/D)base= 20

Pt = 0.20 From fig 5.1 Kt = 1.6

(L/D)max= ( 20x1.6) = 32

(L/D) actual = (2370 / 100)

= 2.4 > 32

Hence deflection central is statisfied.

CHECK FOR CRACK CONTROL

) Reinforcement provided in more than 0.12%


`

= 0.12% b D
= (0.12/100 )x (1000 x 240)
= 240mm2
) Spacing in main reinforcement > 3d
= (3x200)
= 600 mm

) Diameter of reinforcement < (D/8)


<( 200/ 8)
< 25mm
Hence cracks will be with in safe

TENSION REINFORCEMENT AT CORNERS


Area of torsion steel at each of the corners in 4 layers is computed as
(0.75x315) = 236mm2
Length over which torsion steel is provided = (1/5) short span
= (1/5) 5000
= 1000 mm ~ 750mm
Provided 8 mm diameter bars at 200 mm centers for 750mm at all four corners is 4
layers.
REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIPS
Ast = 0.12 % bD
= (0.12/100)x 1000x240
= 288 mm2
Provided 12 mm diameter bar 350 mm centers
RESULT
`

12mm diameter bar at 350mm centers for short span.


12mm diameter bar at 400mm centers for long span.

3.2 BEAM DESIGN FOR ROOMS


Horizontal or inclined structural member spanning a distance between one or
more supports, and carrying vertical loads across its longitudinal axis, as a grider,
joist, purlin, or rafter.
CONTINUOUS BEAM
A beam supported at three or more points, and thus having two or more spans.
3.2.1DESIGN OF BEAM
Span L = 3.96m
Live load = 15 KN/M
fck = 20 N/MM2
fy = 415 N/MM2
CROSS SECTIONAL DIMENSIONS
d = Span / 15
= 3500/15
`

= 233 mm
d = 350mm
D = d + cover
= 350 + 50
D = 400 mm
b = 300 mm
LOADS CALCULATIONS
Self weight = b x D xUnit of concrete

= 0.3x 0.4 x 25

= 3KN/M2

Live load = 15 KN/M2

Axial load T.L = 18 KN/M2

Ultimate load Wu = 1.5 x W

= 1.5x 18

= 27 KN/M2

ULTIMATE MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCES


Mu = 0.125 wu l2
= 0.125 x27 x 3.962
= 5.92 KNM
Vu = 0.5 xwux l
= 0.5x 27x3.96
= 53.46 KN
`

REINFORCEMENT
Mu lim = 0.138 Fck bd2

= 0138x20x300x4002

= 132.48 KNM

Mu < Mu lim section is under reinforced.

52.92 KNM < 132.48 KNm

Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d [ 1 (Ast xfy) / ( fck x b x d)]

52.92 x106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 400 [1- (Astx 415)/ (300 x 400 x 20)]

= 144.42x103Ast [1- 1.72x10-4] Ast

= 144.42x103Ast 24.84Ast2

= 24.84 Ast2 - 144.42x103Ast + 24.84 x 106

Ast = 392.97 mm2 ~ 400mm2

Provide 6 bars of 16mm diameter.


Ast = 1206.37 mm2 as tension reinforcement and 2 bars of 12 mm diameter as
hangers bars on compression side.
Vu = 53.46 KN
v = (Vu / bd)
= 53.46x106 / (300x400)
= 0.45 N/mm2
Pt = 100 Ast/ bd
`

= (100x 1206) / (300x400)


Pt = 1.00
Refer table 19 of IS 456:2000 and load out the design shear strength of concrete.
c>v
0.62 > 0.45
c = 0.62 N/mm2

Provide nominal shear reinforcement using 8mm diameter two legged stirrups at a
spacing of
Sv = (Astx.87x250) / (0.46x300)
Sv = 181.25 mm
ButSv = 0.75x d
= 0.75x 350
= 260mm
Adopt spacing of stirrups of 120mm centers.
CHECK FOR DEPTH
Pt = 1.00
Refer book fig 5.1 pg.no 58
Kt = 0.82 Kc = 1.24 Kf = 1.0
(L/D)max = (L/D)basicxKtx KcxKf
= 20 x 0.82 x 1.24x 1.0
= 20.34
(L/D)actual= 3960/400
= 9.9 < 20.34
`

Hence safe.

3.2.2. BEAM DESIGN FOR HALL


Span L = 2.73m
Live load = 15 KN/M
fck = 20 N/MM2
fy = 415 N/MM2
CROSS SECTIONAL DIMENSIONS
d = Span / 15
= 2270/15
= 151.3 mm
d = 350mm
D = d + cover
D = 350 + 50
D = 400 mm
b = 300 mm
LOADS CALCULATIONS
Self load = bx D x Unit of concrete

= 0.3x 0.4 x 25
`

= 3KN/m2

Live load = 15 KN/M2

Axial load T.L = 18 KN/m2

Ultimate load Wu = 1.5 xW

= 1.5 x18

= 27 KN/M2

ULTIMATE MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCES


Mu = 0.125 wu l2
= 0.125 x 27 x2.732
= 25.15 KNm
Vu = 0.5 xwuxl
= 0.5x 27x2.73
= 36.855 KN
REINFORCEMENT
Mu lim = 0.138 Fck bd2

= 0138x20x300x4002

= 132.48 KNm

Mu < Mu lim section is under reinforced.

36.855 KNm< 132.48 KNm


Mu = 0.87 xfy x Ast x d [ 1 (Ast xfy) / ( fck x b x d)]

36.85x 106 = 0.87 x 415xAstx400 [1- (Astx415)/ (300x 400x20)]

= 144.42x103Ast [1- 1.72x10-4] Ast


`

= 144.42x103Ast 24.84Ast2

= 24.84 Ast2 - 144.42x103Ast + 36.85x 106

Ast = 267 mm2 ~300mm2

Provide 6 bars of 16mm diameter.


Ast = 1206.37 mm2 as tension reinforcement and 2 bars of 12 mm diameter as
hangers bars on compression side.

Vu = 36.55 KN
v = (Vu / bd)
= 36.55x103 / (300x400)
= 0.304 N/MM2
Pt = 100 Ast/ bd
= (100x1206) / (300x400)
Pt = 1.00
Refer table 19 of IS 456:2000 and load out the design shear strength of concrete.
c>v
0.62 > 0.304
Provide nominal shear reinforcement using 8mm diameter two legged stirrups at a
spacing of
Sv = (Ast x 0.87 xFy)/ (0.46)
= (2x50x0.87x250) / (0.46x300)
Sv = 181.25 mm
But Sv = 0.75 x d
= 0.75 x 350
= 260mm
`

Adopt spacing of stirrups of 120mm centers.


CHECK FORDEFLECTION
Pt = 1.00
Refer book fig 5.1 pg.no 58
Kt = 0.82 Kc = 1.24 Kf = 1.0

(L/D)max = (L/D)basicxKtx Kcx Kf


= 20 x0.82x 1.24 x 1.0
= 20.34
(L/D)actual= 2730/400
= 6.825 < 20.34
Hence safe.
`

3.3COLUMN
A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural
element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structural above to
other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression
member.
3.3.1. COLUMN DESIGN FOR ROOM
Size of the column = 300 mm x 300 mm
L = 3500 mm
Ultimate load Pu = 1500 KN
Fck = 20 N/MM2
Fy = 415 N/MM2
SLENDERNESS RATIO
Both ends are fixed = 0.65 x 3500
= 2275 mm
Effective depth / Least dimensions = 2275/300
= 7.58 < 12
Hence its short column.
`

MINIMUM ECCENTRICITY
Emin = (L/500) + ( b/30)
= (2275/500) + ( 300/30)
= 14.55 mm < 20 mm
Condition is statisfied.

CROSS AREA
Ag = bxd
= 90000 mm2
Asc = (xd2 / 4) x No of bars
= /4 x 16 x 8
= 1608.45 mm2
AREA OF CONCRETE AC
AG - ASC
90000 1608.45 = 88391.5 mm2
STRENGTH OF THE COLUMN
Pu = 0.4 xfckx Ac + 0.67 xfy xAsc
= 0.4 x20x 88391.5 + 0.67xfyxAsc
= 1154375.425 KN
P = Pu/ Factor of safety
P = 1154375.425/ 1.5
P = 769.58 KN
Strength of the column.
`

( 0.4 x fy x Ac + 0.67 x fy x Asc)


Assume 2y Ag =Asc
Asc = 2/100 x Ag
= 0.02 Ag
Ac = Ag Asc
Ac = 0.98 Ag
= ( 0.4xFy x Ac + 0.67 xFy x Asc)
= (0.4x20x0.98g) + ( 0.67x415x0.02Ag)
= 769583.61 N

7.84Ag + 5.561Ag = 769583.61


Ag = 769583.61/ 13.46
Ag = 57427.32 mm2
SIDE OF THE SQUARE COLUMN.
Side of the square column = Ag
= (57427.32)
= 239.6 mm say 300 mm
Area of steel required
Asc = 0.02 Ag
= 0.02x57427.32
= 1148.55 mm2
No. of bars (Assume 20mm bar)
Asc = (/d2) / 4
= 1148.55/314.159
= 3.66 Nos
Say 4 Nos.
SPACING
`

Hence is provide for 40mm and 20mm cover


= [300 (2x40) + (25/2) + (25/2)] / 2
= 122.5 mm
LATERAL TIES
= 1/4 x longitudinal bars
= 1/ 4 x 25
= 6.25 mm say 6 mm

SPACING
a)300mm
b)16x longitudinal bars
16 x 25 = 400mm
c) 300mm
RESULT:-
4 Nos of 20 mm
6 mm of 300mm c/c
`

3.3.2 .COLUMN DESIGN FOR HALL


Size of the column = 300 mm x 300 mm
L = 2270 mm
Ultimate load Pu = 1500 KN
Fck = 20 N/MM2
Fy = 415 N/MM2
SLENDERNESS RATIO
Both ends are fixed = 0.65 x 2270
= 1475.5 mm
Effective depth / Least dimensions = 1475.5/300
= 4.9< 12
Hence its short column.
MINIMUM ECCENTRICITY
Emin = (L/500) + ( b/30)
= (1475.5/500) + ( 300/30)
= 12.951 mm < 20 mm
Condition is statisfied.
`

CROSS AREA
Ag = bxd
= 90000 mm2
Asc = (xd2 / 4) xNo of bars
= /4 x16 x8
= 1608.45 mm2

AREA OF CONCRETE AC
AG - ASC
90000 1608.45 = 88391.5 mm2

STRENGTH OF THE COLUMN


Pu = 0.4 xfckx Ac + 0.67 xfyxAsc
= 0.4 x20x 88391.5 + 0.67xfy x Asc
= 1154375.425 KN
P = Pu/ Factor of safety
= 1154375.425/ 1.5
P = 769.58 KN
Strength of the column.
( 0.4xFy x Ac + 0.67 xFy x Asc)
Assume 2y Ag =Asc
Asc = 2/100x Ag
= 0.02 Ag
Ac = Ag Asc
`

Ac = 0.98 Ag
= ( 0.4xFyxAc + 0.67 xFyxAsc)
= (0.4x20x0.98g) + ( 0.67x415x0.02Ag)
= 769583.61 N
7.84Ag + 5.561Ag = 769583.61
Ag = 769583.61/ 13.46
Ag = 57427.32 mm2

SIDE OF THE SQUARE COLUMN.


Side of the square column = Ag
= (57427.32)
= 239.6 mm say 300 mm
Area of steel required
Asc = 0.02 Ag
= 0.02x57427.32
= 1148.55 mm2
No. of bars (Assume 20mm bar)
= Asc = (/d2) / 4
= 1148.55/314.159
= 3.66 Nos
Say 4 Nos.
SPACING
Hence is provide for 40mm and 20mm cover
= [300 (2x40) + (25/2) + (25/2)] / 2
= 122.5 mm
`

LATERAL TIES
= 1/4 x longitudinal bars
= 1/ 4 x 25
= 6.25 mm say 6 mm

SPACING
a)300mm
b)16 x longitudinal bars
c) 300mm
RESULT
4 Nos of 20 mm
`

3.4 DESING OF FOOTING


A concrete support under a foundation that rests in solid ground and is wider
than the structure supported. Footings distribute the weight of the structure over the
groung.
3.4.1. FOOTING DESIGN FOR ROOM
Load = 769.58KN
SBC of soil = 200 KN
Factor of safety = 1.5
Bearing capacity of soil = 200 x 1.5
= 300 KN/M2
Area of footing required = Total load / SBC
= 769.58 / 200
= 3.84 m
Size of the footing = 300 mm x 300 mm
SIZE OF FOOTING
W = 769.58 KN
Assume self weight W1 = 10/100 x 769.58
`

= 76.95 KN
TOTAL LOAD
W1 + W = 769.58 + 76.95
= 646.54 KN
AREA OF FOOTING
= 646.54 x 200
= 5.03 m2

Side of square footing.


D = 5.03
= 2.25
Provide square footing = 2.25 x 2.25
Net upward design pressure
Fo= 203.46 / 5.06
= 40.20 KN/M2
DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING
b = 450 mm
D = 450 mm
fy = 415 N/MM2
fck = 20 N/MM2
Pu = 7500 KN
Mux = Muy = 50 KNM
d1 = 450 mm
(d/D) = (450/450)
= 0.10 mm
`

EQUIVALENT MOMENT
The reinforcement in section is designed for the axial compressive load Pu and the
equivalent moment given by the relation.
Mu = 1.15 (Mux2 + Muy2)
= 1.15 (502 +502)
= 81.3KNM

NON DIMENSIONAL PARAMETERS


(Pu/ Fck b D) = [( 7500x 103) / (20x450x450)
= 1.85
(Mu / b D2) = [(81.3x106 ) / (20x 450x450)]
= 0.044
Refer chart 44 of SP:16
, Fy = 415 N/MM2& d1/D = 0.10
NET UPWARD DESIGN PRESSURE
Fo= 203.46 / 5.06
= 40.20 KN/M2
FACTORED DESIGN BENDING MOMENT
Project of footing from face of column.
(2.25 0.23) / 2 = 1.01 m
Mux = (203.46 x 2.25 x 1.01x 1.01) / 2
= 233.49 x 106 NMM
DEPTH OF FOOTING REQUIRED
Mulim = Qu b d
`

d = (233.49x106
= 200 mm
AREA OF STEEL
Mu = 0.87 x Fyx Astx d [ 1 (Astx Fy) / ( Fckx bxd)]

223.49x 106 = 0.87 x 415x Ast x200 [1- (Ast x415)/ (20x 2250x200)]

Ast = 2641.83 mm2

NO OF BARS
= 2641.83 / 113.04
= 20 Nos
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
Ld = 0.87x15x(25/4)x1.2x1.6
= 1010 mm
= 1010 50
= 960 mm
= 960> 943.4 mm
Hence is safe.
CHECK FOR SAFE BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL
Column load = 686.34 KN
Self weight of footing = 2.25x2.25x0.4x25
= 50.62
Total load on soil = 736.965 KN
Pressure on so = (736.965)/ (2.25x2.25)
= 145.27 KN/M2
`

Hence is safe.

3.5 STAIRCASE
A stairway, staircase, flight of stairs, or simply stairs is a construction
designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical
distances, called steps. Stairs may be straight, round, or may consist of two or more
straight pieces connected ay angles
DOG-LEGGED STAIRCASE
A dog-leg is a configuration of stairs between two floors of a building, often a
domestic building, in which a flight of stairs ascends to half-landing before turning
at a right angle and continuous upwards. Structurally, the flights of a dog-leg stair
are usually supported by the half-laning, which spans the adjoining flank walls.
3.5.1DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
TYPE OF STAIRCASE = DOG LEGGED
Number of steps in the height = 1
Tread T = 300mm
Rise R = 150 mm
Width of landing beam = 300 mm
M20 grade concrete, Fck = 20 N/MM2
`

Fe 415 HYSD bars, Fy = 415 N/MM2


EFFECTIVE SPAN
Effective span = (11x300) + 300
= 3600 mm
= 3.6 m
Thickness of waist slab = (Span / 20)
= 3600/20
= 180 mm
Adopt overall depth D = 180 mm
Effective depth, d = 155 mm
LOADS CALCULATION
Dead load of slab Ws = (0.18x 1x25)
Ws = 4.5 KN/m2
Dead load of slab an horizontal span is
Ws = [(Ws(R2 +T2) / T]
Ws = 5.03 KN/m
Dead load of one step = 10.5 x 0.15 x 0.3 x25
= 0.56 KN/m
Load on steps per meter length = [(0.56x1000) / 300]
= 1.86 KN/m
Floor finished load = 0.53 KN/m
Total dead load = 5.03 + 1.86+ 0.53
= 7.42 KN/M
Total service load = 7.42 + 5
= 12.42 KN/M
Factored load = Wu
= 1.5 x 12.42
`

Wu = 18.63 KN/m
BENDING MOMENT
Maximum bending moments at centre of span is
M = 0.125 Wu l2
= 0.125x 18.63x3.62
M = 30.18 KNm

CHECK FOR DEPTH OF WAIST SLAB


Mu = 0.138 Fck b d2
d = Mu/ (0.138 x 20x6)
= (30.18x106) / (0.138x20x1000)
d = 104.56mm < 155 mm
MAIN REINFORCEMENT
Mu = 0.87 x Fyx Astx d [ 1 (Astx Fy) / ( Fckx bxd)]

30.18x 106 = 0.87 x 415x Ast x155 [1- (Ast x415)/ (1000x 155x20)]

= 55962.75 Ast [1- 1.338x10-4] Ast

= 55962.75 Ast 7.49Ast2

= 7.49Ast2 - 55962.7 Ast + 30.18 x 106

Ast = 585.107 mm2

Provided 12mm dia bars at 200 mm center (Ast = 565mm2)

[(/4 x 122)/200] x 1000 = 565 mm2


`

DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT

Distribution reinforcement = 0.12 % cross section

= 0.12/100 x 1000x 180

Ast = 216 mm2/m

Use 8 mm dia bars

Spacing = 1000 ast / Ast


= 1000 (x82 / 4)
= 232.71 mm ~ 230mm
Provided 8 mm dia bars at 230 mm centers.
`

CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION
Digitization ike other collection development strategies works to the extend
that it supports the mission of an institution. Its simply to design and have
more ventilation
Moreover it has good environment and all the basic requrements for the
people.
My library providing a good interact facility with perfect Wi-Fi connection to
update our general knowledge.
Thus by using my library we get a perfect and full - fledged knowledge about
today`s world with the help of interest as well as the past history with help of
book.
Local communities provide an important content in which children, youth and
familiesgroe develop and function.
`

People who are less affluent or les well integrated into the larger society are
particularly reliant on the local community to provide needed goods and
services sssand for connections to opportunity and information.
Public libraries along with school youth serving youth agencies religious and
other community based organization represent a source of space, acess, staff,
materials, knowledge and connection that can improve the well being of
children and youth support their development.

CHAPTER 5

REFERENCE

1. The STEPHEN A. SCHWARZMAN building of the Newyork public library.

2. ROBERT PROGREDIN it can be redesigned this NEWYORK PUBLIC.

3. LIBRARY in the year 2013(Jan 9)

4. MILLER 2007 (PUBLIC LIBRARY)

5. ROMAN and FLORE build library ay 2010.

6. School library MARTINEZ 2008 and WEISS construct year of 2006.

7. CASSION, LIONEL public library of the Canada in the Aug 2002

8. Allen R.E school library of the Austria in the year of 1984

9. NICOLAS designed a library of the Belgium (1978)


`

10.Design Of Reinforced Concrete Structures by Dr.N.KRISHNA RAJ

11. Design Of Reinforced Concrete Structures by Proof.V.RAJENDRAN

12. Design Of Reinforced Concrete & Brick Masonry Strucres by

DR.P.P.PURUSHOTHAMA RAJ

13.I S 456-2000 (Bureau of Indian Standard)

You might also like