BENT 3733

SIGNALS & SYSTEMS

SEMESTER 1 2017/2018

CHAPTER 3:
FOURIER TRANSFORM

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 CHAPTER OUTLINE:

INTRODUCTION DEFINITION FT
PROPERTIES
INVERSE FT
CIRCUIT APPLICATION
PARSEVAL THEOREM
SUMMARY

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 LEARNING OUTCOMES
Students should be able to:
Represent the aperiodic signal in terms of Fourier
transform representation
Apply basic properties of Fourier transform
representation
Apply inverse Fourier transform
Explain the Parsevals theorem

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 INTRODUCTION

FS represent a periodic function as a

sum of sinusoids & obtain the freq.
spectrum from the series

FT extend the concept of a freq.

spectrum to non-periodic functions
assumes that a non-periodic
function is a periodic function with
an infinite period

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 FOURIER TRANSFORM (FT)
inverse Fourier transform

- F() is the spectrum

- F() is a complex function magnitude amplitude
spectrum, phase phase spectrum.

- Inverse Fourier transform:

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 FT PAIRS

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 FT PAIRS

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 EXAMPLE
Find the Fourier transform of the following
functions:
(a) e j t , (b) cos 0t .
O

ANS: ,

Fourier transform of f (t) = cos 0t .

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 EXERCISE

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 PROPERTIES FT

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 PROPERTIES FT

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 EXAMPLE
Given the rectangular pulse p(t) below;

Using Eq.

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ANSWER:

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 EXAMPLE : USING DIFFERENTIATE

d
(t ) u (t )
dt

Solution:

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EXAMPLE : USING DIFFERENTIATE

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EXAMPLE : USING DIFFERENTIATE

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EXAMPLE : USING DIFFERENTIATE

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 Example: Convolution
For a linear system with input x(t) and output y(t) find the impulse
response for the following cases:

Solution:
Y () F h(t ) * x(t ) H () X ()

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 INVERSE FT
Obtain the inverse FT of:

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Exercise:
Find the FT of the function below using the derivative property.

Obtain the inverse FT of:

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 CIRCUIT APPLICATION
Fourier transforms can be applied to circuits with non-sinusoidal
excitation in exactly the same way as phasor techniques being
applied to circuits with sinusoidal excitations.

Y() = H()X()

By transforming the functions for the circuit elements into the

frequency domain and take the Fourier transforms of the
excitations, conventional circuit analysis techniques could be
applied to determine unknown response in frequency domain.
Finally, apply the inverse Fourier transform to obtain the response
in the time domain.
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 Step of Analysis

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 EXAMPLE
Find v0(t) in the circuit shown below for vi(t)=2e-3tu(t)

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 SOLUTION
2
The Fourier transform of the input signal is Vi ( )
3 j
V ( ) 1
The transfer function of the circuit is H ( ) 0
Vi ( ) 1 j 2
Hence,
1
V0 ( )
(3 j )(0.5 j )

Taking the inverse Fourier transform gives v0 (t ) 0.4(e 0.5t e 3t )u (t )

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 Example
Determine the current i(t) in the circuit.

Solution:

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 PARSEVALS THEOREM
- If p(t) is the power associated with the signal, the energy carried by
the signal is:

For a 1 resistor , p(t) = v2(t) = i2(t) = f 2(t), where f (t) voltage or

current. The energy delivered to the 1 resistor is :

Parsevals theorem states that this same energy can be calculated in the
frequency domain as :

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 EXAMPLE

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 EXAMPLE

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 APPLICATIONS

In electrical engineering, it is applied

communications systems and signal
processing, where frequency response and
frequency spectra are vital.

Two simple applications: amplitude

modulation (AM) and sampling.

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 SUMMARY

Important Fourier Transform properties and pairs are summarized

in Table.

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