Course code: EA311

Course Title: AERODYNAMICS I

Background and Rationale

Aerodynamics is the study of how gases interact with moving bodies. Because the
gas that we encounter most is air, aerodynamics is primarily concerned with the
forces of drag and lift, which are caused by air passing over and around solid
bodies. Engineers apply the principles of aerodynamics to the designs of many
different things, including buildings, bridges and even soccer balls; however, of
primary concern is the aerodynamics of aircraft. The purpose is to develop an
understanding of low-speed aerodynamics and an introduction to compressible
flows.

Objectives:

Introduce concepts in incompressible aerofoil theory, including symmetric

and cambered aerofoils using analytical and numerical approaches.
Explain incompressible wing theory, and its applications of fundamentals to
the design of a wing to meet given performance criteria.
Discuss elementary gas dynamics, including expansion waves and shock
waves, as well as thin aerofoils in compressible flows.

Learning Outcomes
By the end of this course, the students should be able to:
Explain and evaluate the generation of lift, drag and pitching moment on a
body from pressure and shear stresses.
Integrate the pressures on an aerofoil to compute the lift and pitching
moment.
Differentiate between centre of pressure and pitching moment.
Discuss the difference between form drag and skin friction drag.
Explain and write down the continuity, momentum, and energy equations.
Apply the momentum equation to evaluate the drag of a two-dimensional
body from wake measurements. Define streamlines.
Relate Bernoulli's equation to changes in pressure and velocity in
incompressible flow.
Describe the elementary flows and combine them to generate different
simple physical flows.
Explain the fundamental differences between aerofoil and wing flows.

Course Content
1. FIXED-WING AERODYNAMICS:

Properties of atmosphere,

Types of lift and drag;

 Bernoullis principle;

Aerodynamic forces on aircraft in flight;

Flight at high lift conditions; stability and control.

2. INTRODUCTION & FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

Velocity field, streamlines and stream functions, Euler's and Bernoullis
equations including basic governing laws of conservation of mass,
momentum and energy
Sub-sonic and supersonic gas flow.
Mach number and Mach angle

3. WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENTS

Usage an elliptical wing plan form model,

Investigation of lift, drag, and pitching moment characteristics at

various airspeeds (Re effect) and angles of attack.

Preparation of a report .

4. AEROFOIL AND WING DESIGN

Subsonic aerofoil design and analysis,

subsonic wing design and analysis,
swept and delta wings,
vortex lift,
transonic flow methods,
viscous transonic phenomena,
transonic aerofoil and wing design,
supersonic wing design,
optimization.

Assessment (%)
o Written exam 60
o Coursework 30
o Practical 10

Prescribed Text book

1. J.D. Anderson, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, 5th edition, McGraw-Hill,
ISBN 978-0073398105.

Recommended Textbooks
1. A.M. Kuethe and C.-Y. Chow, Foundations of Aerodynamics, 5th edition,
Wiley, 1997.
2. J. Moran, An Introduction to Theoretical and Computational Aerodynamics,
Wiley, 1984.
3. R.T. Jones, Wing Theory, Princeton, 1990.