Key concepts SOCIAL SCIENCE 4

Answer key
UNIT 1 Rocks and landscapes

Page 3

1.
The three different types of rocks are igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
Model Answer (M.A.) Basalt is an example of an igneous rock, coal is an
example of a sedimentary rock and marble is an example of a metamorphic
rock.

Page 5

1. Copy the diagram on page four. Label: The geosphere is the solid part of the
Earth, the hydrosphere is all the water that is on the Earths surface and the
atmosphere is the outer part, made up of air.

2.
A. Trees have grown so weathering have changed the shape of the mountain.
B. Waves and wind have broken apart the cliff.

3.
O.A.

UNIT 2 Weather and climate

Page 7

1.
The main factors that affect climate are the distance from the Equator, the
temperature and the landscape.

2.
Hot climates have high temperatures all year round.

3.
Temperate climate zone: no typical climate; woodland, grassland; France
(M.A.);
Cold climate zone: cold all year round, lots of snow; tundra; Iceland (M.A.);
Hot climate zone: high temperatures all year round, lots of rain; forest; Kenya
(M.A.)

1
Page 8

1.
Copy the diagram on page 8 and label the ozone layer.

UNIT 3 Water

Page 9

1.
Waves are movements of water caused by the wind. Tides are movements
caused by the rising and falling of the sea level. Ocean currents are movements
caused by differences in the temperature of sea water.

Page 11

1.
surface water: tributary, river, mouth, gully, lake, glacier
groundwater: aquifer

2.
river, aquifer, lake

UNIT 4 Landscapes

Page 13

1.
Name and place: Lagunas de Ruidera; Island of La Cabrera
Natural features: lagoons, poplars, reeds, holm oaks, juniper trees; low coastal
plains, wide beaches, cliffs, mild temperatures;
Human activities: farming; farming, industry, tourism

2.
M.A. I think one reason why people go on holiday to the coast is so they can
relax on the beach. I also think they go on holiday to the coast so they can swim
in the sea and do other water sports such as sailing and fishing.

2
Page 14

1.

Name and place Natural features Human activities

Picos de Europa high mountains, deep planting forests for wood
valleys, forests of oak,
beech and holm oak,
deer, eagles, vultures
Caldera de Taburiente volcanic crater, Canary tourism
Island pine trees

2.
M.A. The landscape of the Atlantic Coast has been changed by people planting
eucalyptus trees, and by industry. The landscape of the Canary Islands has
been changed by tourism.

UNIT 5 Spain and the European Union

Page 15

1.
The Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands and the cities of
Ceuta and Melilla are the territories of Spain.

2.
Natural borders are formed by seas or mountains, and political borders are
formed by drawing lines to separate countries.
To the north of Spain is the Bay of Biscay and the Pyrenees. They are natural
borders.
To the west, the Atlantic Ocean is a natural border and Portugal is a political
border.
To the east, the Mediterranean Sea is a natural border.
To the south, the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean are natural borders
and Morocco is a political border.

3
Page 17

1.
An autonomous community is the largest administrative division in Spain.
There are 17 autonomous communities: Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, the
Basque Country, Navarre, Aragn, Catalonia, Castile and Len, Rioja, Madrid,
Castile-La Mancha, Valencia, Extremadura, Murcia, the Balearic Islands,
Andalusia and the Canary Islands.

2.
Provinces are the divisions of the autonomous communities and are the second
administrative division. Municipalities are the smallest administrative division in
Spain and are found in provinces.

3.
O.A.

UNIT 6 Population and the economy

Page 18
1.
The municipal register includes each persons age and address.
The death rate is the number of people who die in one year in a place.
Immigrants are people who come to live in a place.

Page 19

1.
Population is the number of people that live in one place.

2.
M.A. I would explain helpful information to them, for example, about transport,
parks, cinemas and restaurants. I would invite them to play with me and my
friends.

3.
M.A. People migrate to look for work, to study in a different place, to escape
from war and to escape from famine.

4.
O.A.

4
Page 21

1.
Four activities in the primary sector are crop farming, livestock farming, fishing
and mining. They are jobs in rural areas.

2.
M.A. Three jobs in the service sector are tour guides, travel agents and doctors.

3.
A. education, teacher; B. tourism, pilot
4.
O.A.

UNIT 7 Prehistory

Page 23

1.
People moved from place to place to look for food. They found their food by
gathering fruit and roots, hunting and fishing.

2.
The axe is made of stone, the needle is made of bone, the spear is made of
bone and the arrowhead is made of stone.

3.
M.A. At sunrise I wake up. I sharpen arrowheads. I speak to friends to say Lets
go and hunt. We kill horn-beast with arrows. We go to the cave. We cook the
beast flesh. We eat the food. I paint horn-beast on the cave wall. I sleep.

Page 24

1.
People in the Neolithic Age became sedentary because they were farmers and
so they needed to live close to the crops and their animals. They kept oxen,
sheep and goats. They grew wheat and barley.

5
Page 25

1.
The Metal Ages began about 7,000 years ago. People used copper, bronze and
iron. They invented the wheel, the sail and the plough.

UNIT 8 Ancient history of Spain

Page 26

1.
M.A. The Iberians were organized in tribes and they lived in fortified
settlements. They worked as crop and livestock farmers and some of them were
craftsmen. They used their own money for trading.
The Celts were organized into tribes and they lived in walled towns called forts.
They were farmers and they were specialists in making iron and bronze. The
Celts did not know how to use money or how to write.

Page 27

1.
A polis was a city-state in ancient Greek times.
A colony was a fortified place.
A democracy was a city-state governed by people elected by free citizens.

Page 28

1.
Phoenicians: Gadir (Cdiz), Malaka (Mlaga), Sexi (Almuncar)
Carthaginians: Cartago Nova (Cartagena) and Ebusus (Ibiza)

6
UNIT 9 Ancient history: the Romans

Page 29
1.
The Romans and the Carthaginians fought each other in the Punic Wars.
The city of Rome was founded in 753 B.C.
In 19 B.C. the emperor Augustus defeated the tribes from the north.

Page 31
1.
temple, theatre, baths, amphitheatre

2.
O.A.