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Culture Documents
Finite clauses /sentences finite verb forms, i.e. the verb is conjugated (past, present, future)
Non-finite clause non-finite verb forms (no time aspect)
-ing clauses and infinitive clauses
(other verbs that take infinitive clauses with a subject: advise, allow, ask, beg, cause,
expect, force, help, invite, like, need, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach,
tell, want)
See, hear, feel, watch, notice + -ing clause: a focus on the activity:
Did you see him climbing up that tree? (mens han klatret)
I heard somebody running outside (da de lp)
See, hear, feel, watch, notice + infinitive clause: completed activity:
Did you see him climb up that tree? (at han klatret)
I heard him run outside (at han lp)
Allow, advise, forbid, permit + -ing clause when this has no subject:
We dont allow cycling on the pavement
We forbid smoking inside
Allow, advise, forbid, permit + infinitive clause when this has a subject:
We dont allow our pupils to cycle on the pavement
I forbid you to smoke inside
EXERCISES
Sitting by the fire, we heard the door bell ring and I went out to see who it was
Sitting by the fire, the doorbell rand and I went out to see who it was
What is the difference in form and meaning between these sentence pairs?
1 A I saw him swim across the river
B I saw him swimming across the river
7 A Id like to be a genius
B I like being a genius
Choose the correct alternatives from those given in the text below:
The incident naturally made sensational headlines in the press. A strange light (appearing/to
appear/appeared) in the night sky is one thing, but the death of an experienced pilot in
circumstances (associating/to associate/associated) with a flying saucer is quite another. The
public understandably got (worrying/to worry/worried). Even people who had so far been
reluctant (talking/to talk/talked) about the UFO phenomenon began (feeling/to feel) pangs of
anxiety. Had this pilot gone in pursuit of a spaceship (manning/to man/manned) by hostile
beings, or was it a new weapon (inventing/to invent/invented) by the Russians? Scientists
(working/to work/worked) in the field rejected every theory (putting/to be put/put) forward,
(observing/to observe/observed) that no aircraft could possibly change its shape in mid-air,
which was the essence of the pilots report before (disappearing/to disappear/disappeared).
I used think that the earth was flat and that if anyone tried reach China from Europe by sail
west they would fall off the end of the earth and disappear. The Polish astronomer Copernicus
is generally believed prove that the earth was round at the beginning of the sixteenth century,
but it was mainly as a result of the great voyages of discovery that people stopped believe it
be flat. It is easy for people today laugh at the idea of the earth be flat. But I remember as a
boy think to myself that it could not possibly be round. In fact I used get quite scared
whenever I was told it was round. If it were round, I thought, everything would fall off and go
spin into space. Of course, I knew nothing then about the force of gravity; but neither did the
people at the time of Columbus. I cannot help think it must have been very brave of him set
out discover a new route to China without know what dangers he might encounter on the way.