300.

0 b Surcharge angle
DESIGN OF T SHAPED CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL 12 mm F
with sloping back fill 8 mm F 480 @ c/c
Hieght of cantilever wall from ground level = 3.00 m 300 @ c/c 3000
1.95
Unit weight of Earth = 15 KN/m3 4000 8 mm F
Angle of repose = 30 Degree 8 mm F 160 @ c/c
Safe Bearing capacity of soil = 150 KN/m3 300 @ c/c 3880
-0.24
Coffiecent of friction = 0.35 3000 3880 12 mm F
Concrete M- 20 wt. of concrete 25000 N/m3 8 mm F 240 @ c/c
Steel fe 415 N/mm2 s st 275 N/mm2 380 @ c/c
s cbc 7 N/mm2 m 13.33 12 mm F
Nominal cover = 30 mm 120 @ c/c
1000 880
Surcharge angle b 20 Degree 10 mm F
Founadation depth = 1.00 m 540 10 @ c/c
DESIGN SUMMARY 120
100 100
Stem thickness At footing 0 mm At top 300 mm
Toe width 1900 mm Heel width 200 mm 12 mm F
Footing width 2100 Key 300 x 300 mm 690 @ c/c 300
2100
Reinforcement Summary 200 300 1900
STEM:- Main 8 mm F 160 @ c/c 8 mm F
(from top of 460 @ c/c
Retaining
100% Reinforcement
wall) upto m -0.24 12 mm F@ 120 mm c/c 8 F 12 mm F
50% Reinforcement upto m 1.95 12 mm F@ 240 mm c/c 300 480 @ c/c
-0.24
25% Reinforcement upto m Top 12 mm F@ 480 mm c/c

1.95
Distribution 8 mm F@ 160 mm c/c 3880
Tamprecture 8 mm F@ 300 mm c/c 12 mm F
TOE:- 240 @ c/c
Main 12 mm F@ 690 mm c/c
Distribution 8 mm F@ 380 mm c/c 12 mm F
HEEL:- 120 @ c/c
Main 10 mm F@ 10 mm c/c
Distribution 8 mm F@ 460 mm c/c Out side Earth side

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mm F
@ c/c

mm F
@ c/c

mm F
@ c/c

mm F
@ c/c
mm F
@ c/c

mm F
@ c/c

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 DESIGN OF T SHAPED CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL

Hieght of cantilever wall from ground level = 3.00 m

Unit weight of Earth g = 15 kN/m3 = 15000 N/m2
Angle of repose = 30 Degree
Safe Bearing capacity of soil q0 = 150 kN/m3
Coffiecent of friction m = 0.35 = 25 N/mm2
Concrete = M 20
Steel fe = 415
Nominal cover = 30 mm
Surcharge angle b = 16 Degree
Founadation depth = 1.00 m

1 Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars Cocrete M = 20

s st = = 275 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = ### N/mm2

s cbc = = 7 N/mm3
m = 13.33
m*c 13.33 x 7
k= = = 0.253
m*c+sst 13.33 x 7 + 275
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.253 / 3 = 0.916
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 7 x 0.916 x 0.253 = 0.812

2 Diamension of base:-
sin b = 0.2756 cos b = 0.961 tanb = 0.287
Sin F = 0.5 Cos F = 0.866

cos b - cos2 b -cos2 f 0.961 - 0.924 - 0.75

Ka = cos b = 0.961 x = 0.38
cos b + cos b - cos f
2 2 0.961 + 0.924 - 0.75
For surcharge wall, The ratio of length of slabe (DE) to base width b is given by eq.
q0 150
a = 1 - = 1 - = 0.07 Eq (1)
2.7 y H 2.7 x 15 x 4.00
The base width is given by Eq.
x Ka cos b
b = H
(1- a) x (1+3 a)

x 0.38 x 0.961
b = 4.00 = 2.27
( 1 - 0.07 )x( 1 + 0.22 )
The base width from the considration of sliding is given by Eq.
0.7HKa 0.7 x 4.00 x 0.38
b = = = 3.28 m
(1-a) m ( 1 - 0.07 )x 0.35
This width is excessive. Normal practice is to provide b between 0.4 to 0.6 H .
Taking maximum value of H = 0.6 b = 0.60 x 4.00 = 2.40 m
Hence Provided b = 2.40 m
The wall will be unsafe against sliding. This will be made safe by providing a shear Key at base .
Width of toe slab = a x b = 0.07 x 2.40 = 0.18 m Provided toe slab = 0.20 m
Let the thickness of base be = H/12 = 4.00 / 12 = 0.33 or say = 0.30 m for design
Hence width of heel slab = 2.40 - 0.30 - 0.20 = 1.90 m purpose
3 Thickness of stem:-
Heigth AB = 4.00 - 0.30 = 3.70 m consider 1 m length of retaining wall
Kxy x H12 0.38 x 15 x( 3.70 )2
Maximum Bending momentat B = = = 38.96
2 2

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 Hence the horizontal earth pressure is PH= P cos b = 38.96 x 0.961 = 37 kN
H1 3.70
B.M. at B = PH x = 37.00 x = 45.63 kN
3 3
BM 45.63 x 10 6
Effective depth required = = = 237 mm
Rxb 0.812 x 1000
Keep d = 240 mm and total thickness = 240 + 60 = 300
Assuming that 12 mm F bar will be used. a nominal cover of = 60 - 6 = 54 mm
Reduce the total thickness
= 200 mm at top so that effective depth of = 140 mm
to
37 x 1000
tv = = 0.154 N/mm2 > tc even at mimum steel
1000 x 240
4 Stability of wall:-
Length of heel slab = 2.40 - 0.20 - 0.3 = 1.90 m
Height H2= H1+Ls tan b = 3.70 + 1.90 x 0.287 = 4.24 m
Height H = 4.24 + 0.30 = 4.54 m
Ka x y x H2 0.38 x 15 x( 4.54 )2
Earth pressure p= = = 58.78 kN
2 2
Its horizontal and vertical component are
PH = P cos b = 58.78 x 0.961 = 56.50 kN
PV = P sin b 58.78 x 0.276 = 16.20 kN
P is acting on vertical face IG, at H/3 and hence Pv , will act the vertical line
Full dimension wall is shown in fig 1a
Let W1 = weight of rectangular portion of stem
w2 = weight of triangular portion of stem
w3 = weight of base slab
w4 = weight of soil on heel slab.
The calculation are arrenged in Table
Detail force(kN) lever arm Moment about toe (KN-m)
w1 1 x 0.20 x 3.70 x 25 = 18.5 0.4 7.4
w2 1/2 x 0.10 x 3.70 x 25 = 4.63 0.25 1.16
w3 1 x 2.40 x 0.30 x 25 = 18 1.2 21.6
w4 1 x 1.90 x 3.97 x 15 = 113.21 1.45 164.16
w5 Pv = 16.20 2.40 38.88
Sw = 170.54 total MR 233.20
Total resisting moment = 233.20 kN-m

Over turning 5
Over turning moment Mo = 58.78 x = 89.05 kN-m
3
233.20
\ F.S. against over turning = = 2.62 > 2 Hence safe
89.052
mSw 0.35 x 170.54
F.S. against Sliding = = = 1.06 < 1.5
PH 56.50
Hence not safe , To make safe against sliding will have to provide shear key

Pressure distribution net moment SM = 233.20 - 89.05 = 144.14 kN-m

\ Distance x of the point of application of resultant, from toe is
SM 144.14 b 2.40
x = = = 0.85 m = = 0.4
Sw 170.54 6 6
b 2.40
Eccenticity e = - x = - 0.85 = 0.35 m < 0.4 Hence safe
2 2
Pressure p1 at SW 6e 170.54 6x 0.35 ### > 100 fail
= 1+ = x 1+ =
toe b b 2.40 2.40 kN -m2
Pressure p1 at SW 6e 170.54 6x 0.35 8.03 < 100 Hence safe
= 1- = x 1- =
Heel b b 2.40 2.40 kN -m2
Pressure p at the junction of stem with toe slab is

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 134.08 - 8.03
p = 134.08 - x 0.20 = ### kN-m2
2.40
Pressure p' at the junction of stem with Heel slab is
134.08 - 8.03
p' = 134.08 - x 1.90 = 34.29 kN-m2
2.40
5 Design of toe slab:-
The upward pressure distribution on the toe slab is shown in fig 1b .The weight of soil above
the toe slab is neglicted . Thus two forces are acting on it
(1) Up ward soil pressure (2) Down ward weight of slab
Down ward weight of slab per unit area = 0.30 x 1 x 1.00 x 25 = 7.50 kN-m2
Hence net pressure intensities will be = 134.08 - 7.50 = ### kN-m2 under D
And at under E = 123.58 - 7.50 = ### kN-m2
Total force = S.F. at E = 0.50 x( ### + ### ) x 0.20 = 24.27 kN
116.08 + 2.00 x ### x 0.20
x from E = = 0.10 m
116.08 + 126.58 3
\ B.M. at E = 24.27 x 0.10 = 2.46 kN-m
BM 2.46 x 10 6
Effective depth required = = = 55 mm
Rxb 0.812 x 1000
Keep effective depth d = 60 mm and total thickness = 60 + 60 = 120
Reduce the total thickness to = 100 mm or 0.10 m at edge say = 0.12
24.27 x 1000
tv = = 0.202 N/mm2 < tc even at mimum steel
1000 x 120
BM x 106 2.46 x 10 6
Ast = = = 163 mm2
sst x j x D 275 x 0.916 x 60
The reinforcement has to be provided at bottom face .If alternate bars of stem reiforcerment are
are bent and continued in toe slab, area available = 1/2 x 942 = 471 mm2 (see step 7)
3.14xdia2 = 3.14 x 12 x 12 = 113
using 12 mm bars A =
4 4
\ Spacing A x1000 / Ast = 113 x 1000 / 163 = 690 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 690 mm c/c
Let us check this reinforcement for development length Ld=45 F = 45 x 12 = 540 mm
Providing 30 mm clear side cover actual length available = 200 - 30 = 170
170 < 540 Hence not safe
0.12 120 + 100
Distribution steel = x 1000 x = 132 mm2
100 2
P D2 3.14 x ( 8 )'2
Using 8 mm F bars, Area = = = 50 mm2
4 4
1000 x 50
\ Spacing = = 381 mm say = 380 mm c/c
132
6 Design of heel slab :-
Three force act on it
1. down ward weight of soil 2 weight of heel slab 3 Down ward earth pressure 4 upward soil pressure
Total weight of 3.70 + 4.24
soil over Heel
= 1.90 x x 15 = 113 KN say = 114.00 kN
2
(H1+2xH2)xb 3.70 + 2 x 4.24 1.90
Acting at = x = 0.972 m from B
(H1+H2)x3 3.70 + 4.24 3
Total weight of heel slab = 1.90 x 0.12 x 1 x 25 = 5.70 kN
Acting at 0.95 m from B.
Earth pressure intencity at b = Ka.y.H1 per unit inclined area, at b to horizontal,
\ Earth pressure at B, on horizontal unitarea = Ka.y.H 1.tan b
Vertical component of this, at B = Ka.y.H1 .tan b.sin b .(I)
Similarly, Vertical component of earth pressure intencity at C =Ka.y.H 2 tan b. sin b. .(II)
Hence total force due to vertical component of earth pressure is
(H1+H2)
= Ka.y x b1 tan b x sin b
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 = Ka.y x b1 tan b x sin b
2
0.38 x 15
= ( 3.70 + 4.24 )x 1.90 x 0.287 x 0.276
2
vertical earth pressure is = 3.39 kN This Act at 0.97 m from B
Total upward soil pressure = 1/2 x( 34.29 + 8.03 )x 1.90 = 40.22 kN
34.29 + 2 x 8.03 1.90
Acting at = x = 0.75 m from B
34.29 + 8.03 3
\ Total force = S.F. at B = ### + 5.70 - 40.22 = 79.48 kN
\ B.M. at B =( 114 x 0.97 )+( 6 x 0.95 )+( 3.39 x 0.97 )-( 40.22 x 0.75
= 89.18 x 10'6 N-mm2
This is much lessthan the B.M. on slab. However, we keep the same depth, as that toe slab,i.e.
d= 60 mm and D 120 mm, reducing it to 100 mm at edge
BM x 10 6
89.18 x 10 6
Ast = = = 5904 mm2
sst x j x D 275 x 0.916 x 60
79.48 x 1000
tv = = 1.325 N/mm2 < tc even at mimum steel
1000 x 60
P D2 3.14 x ( 10 )'2
Using 10 mm F bars, Area = = = 78.5 mm2
4 4
1000 x 78.5
\ Spacing = = 13 mm say = 10 mm c/c
5904
Hence provided these @ 10 mm c/c at the top of keep slab. Take the reinforcement into toe
from a distance of 45 x D = 45 x 10 = 450 mm to the left of B and end should
0.12 60 + 120
Distribution steel = x 1000 x = 108 mm2
100 2
P D2 3.14 x ( 8 )'2
Using 8 mm F bars, Area = = = 50 mm2
4 4
1000 x 50
\ Spacing = = 465 mm say = 460 mm c/c
108
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A = 5904 / 79 = 75.21 say = 76 No.
Hence Provided 76 bars of 10 mm F at Bottom
76 x 79
% of steel provided = x 100 = 4.98 %
1000 x 120
shear force 79.48 x 1000
Shear stress tv = = = 1.32 N/mm2
Beam Ht.x beam wt. 1000 x 60
Permissible shear stress for 4.98 % steel provided tc = 0.51 N/mm2 (See Table 3.1)
If tc > tvhence safe here 0.51 < 1.32 Hence not safe

7 Reinforcement in the stem:-

We had earliar assume the thickeness of heel slab as = 0.30 m
While it has now been fixed as 0.12 m only. Hence revised H1= 4.00 - 0.12 = 3.88
ka.y 0.38 x 15
S.F at B = pcos b = H12 = x( 3.88 )2= 42.85 kN = PH
2 2.00
S.F. x H1 42.85 x 3.88
B.M. at B = = = 55.41 kN-m
3 3
Keep effective depth d = 240 mm and total thickness = 240 + 60 = 300
Reduce the total thickness to = 200 mm or 0.20 m at edge
55.41 x 10 6
Ast = BMx100/sstxjxD= = 918 mm2
275 x 0.916 x 240
P D2 3.14 x ( 12 )'2
Using 12 mm F bars, Area = = = 113 mm2
4 4
1000 x 113
\ Spacing = = 123 mm say = 120 mm c/c
918
113
Actual AS provided = 1000 x = 942 mm2

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 Actual AS provided = 1000 x = 942 mm2
120
Bend these bars into toe slab, to serve as reiforcement there. Sufficient devlopment length ia available.
Between A and B some of bars can be curtailed. Cosider a section at depth below the top of stem
+ 240 - 140
The effective depth d' at section is = 140 x h (where h In meter)
H

240 - 140
d' = 140 + x h =( 140 + 25.77 x h )
3.88
H3
Now As Ast or H =( Ast d )1/3
d'
h Ast' d' 1/3
Hence = Ast d
H1
where Ast' = reinforcement at depth h Ast = reinforcement at depth H1
d' = effective depthat depth h d = effective depthat depth H1
Ast' 1 h 1 d' 1/3
if Ast = 1/2 Ast than \ = x
Ast = 2 H1 2 d
Subsituting d = 250 mm and d' =( 140 + 25.8 x h ) we get
140 + 25.8 x h 1/3
h = H1 x
2 x 250
140 x 25.8 x h 1/3
h = 3.88 x
2 x 250
h = 0.489 x ( 140 + 25.8 x h )1/3
h = 0 m 0.489 x ( 140 + 25.8 x h) 1/3- h = 2.55
Howerver, the bars should be extented by a distance of 12 F = 12 x 12 = 144 mm
Or d = 240 mm whichever is more beyond the point.
\ h = 0 - 0.24 = -0.24 m. Hence curtailed half bars at at height of
-0.24 m below the top . If we wish to curtailed half of the remaining bars so that remaining
Ast' 1
remaining reinforcement is one forth of that provided ar B, we have = Hence from .(2)
Ast 4
h 1 x d' 1/3
140 + 25.8 x h
\ = \ h = H1 x
H1 4 d 4 x 250
x 140 x 25.8 x h 1/3
h = 3.88
4 x 250
h = 0.388 x ( 140 + 25.8 x h )1/3
h = 2.19 m 0.388 x ( 140 + 25.8 x h) 1/3- h = 0.07
This can be solved bytrial and error, Noting that if the effective thickness of stem w=are constant,
.Howerver, the bars should be extented by a distance of 12 F = 12 x 12 = 144 mm
Or d = 240 mm whichever is more beyond the point.
\ h = 2.19 - 0.24 = 1.95 m. Hence stop half bars the remaining bars
by 1.95 m below the top of the stem . Continue rest of the bars to the top of the stem

Check for shear:-

Shear force = kayH2 15 2
p= = 0.38 x x 3.88 =
42.85 kN
2 2
42.85 x 1000
\ tv = = 0.17 N/mm2 < tc (see table 3.1)
1000 x 250
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A = 918 / 113 = 8.12 say = 9 No.
Hence Provided 9 bars of 12 mm F at Bottom
9 x 113
% of steel provided = x 100 = 0.43 %
1000 x 240
Permissible shear stress for 0.43 % steel provided tc = 0.27 N/mm2 (See Table 3.1)
If tc > tvhence safe here 0.27 > 0.17 Hence Safe
Distribution and temprechure reinforcement:-
Average thickness of stem = 300 + 200
= 250 mm
2
0.12
\ Distribution reinforcement = x 1000 x 250 = 300 mm2

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 \ Distribution reinforcement = x 1000 x 250 = 300 mm2
100
P D2 3.14 x ( 8 )'2
Using 8 mm F bars, Area = = = 50.24 mm2
4 4
1000x 50
\ spacing = = 167 mm say = 160 mm c/c at the inner face of
300 wall,along its length
for tempreture reinforcement provide = 8 mm bars = 300 mm c/c both way in outer face

8 Design of shear key:-

The wall is in unsafe in sliding, and hence shear key will be provided below the stem as shown in fig.
Let u sprovide ashear key 300 x 300 Let Pp be the intensity of passive pressure devloped
in front of key this intencity Pp depend upon the soil pressure P in front of the key
Pp = KpP = 1/Ka= 1/ 0.38 = 2.64 x ### = 325.65
\ total passive pressure Pp = Pp x a = 325.65 x 0.30 = 97.70 kN
15 `
Sliding force at level GJ = 0.38 x x 4.66 x cos b
2.00
or PH = 2.85 x( 4.66 )2x 0.961 = 59.53 kN .(2)
Weight of the soil between bottom of the base and GJ = 2.40 x 15 x 0.30 = 10.80
\ SW = 170.54 + 10.80 = 181.34 kN Refer force calculation table
Hence equilibrium of wall, permitting F.S. = 1.5 against sliding we have
m Sw+Pp 0.5 x 181.34 + 97.70
1.5 = = = 3.16 > 1.5 Hence safe
PH 59.53
However, provided minimum value of a = 300 mm. Keep width of key 300 mm (equal to stem width)
it should be noted that passive pressure taken into account above will be devloped only when length
a1 given below is avilable in front of key ;
F where (45 + F/2) =
a1 = a tan F = a tan x 45 + = a kp
2 shearing angle of passive resistance
\ a1 = 0.3 x ( 2.64 )1/2
a1 = 0.487 m Actual length of the slab available = DE = 0.20
Hence satisfactory.
Now size of key = 300 x 300 mm
Actual force to be resisted by the key at F.S. 1.5 is = 1.5PH - mSW
= 1.5 x 59.53 - 0.5 x 181.34
= -1.38 kN
-1.38 x 1000
\ shear stress = = -0.005 N/mm2
300 x 1000
-1.38 x 150 x 1000
Bending stress =
1/6 x 1000 x( 300 )2
= -0.01 N/mm2 Hence safe
Since concrete can take this much of tensile stress, no special reinforcement is necessary for the shear key

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 m

y at base .

for design
purpose

Kn-m

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 mm

..(2)

nt about toe (KN-m)

..(1)

Hence safe

Hence safe

fail

Hence safe

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 ight of soil above

mm
m

m reiforcerment are
(see step 7)
mm2

mm

ard soil pressure

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 m from B

ement into toe

B and end should
hook

mm

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 op of stem

,,,'(1)

..(3)
2.55

at at height of

nce from .(2)

1/3

..(4)
0.07
m w=are constant,

remaining bars
p of the stem

(see table 3.1)

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
nner face of
ng its length
y in outer face

m as shown in fig.
sure devloped

kN/m3

.(2)
kN
culation table

Hence safe

qual to stem width)

only when length

assive resistance

m
ce satisfactory.

the shear key

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 Table 1.15. PERMISSIBLE DIRECT TENSILE STRESS

Grade of concrete M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40

Tensile stress N/mm2 1.2 2.0 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4

Table 1.16.. Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
Grade of Bending acbc Direct (acc) plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
concrete
(N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) in kg/m2
M 10 3.0 300 2.5 250 -- --
M 15 5.0 500 4.0 400 0.6 60
M 20 7.0 700 5.0 500 0.8 80
M 25 8.5 850 6.0 600 0.9 90
M 30 10.0 1000 8.0 800 1.0 100
M 35 11.5 1150 9.0 900 1.1 110
M 40 13.0 1300 10.0 1000 1.2 120
M 45 14.5 1450 11.0 1100 1.3 130
M 50 16.0 1600 12.0 1200 1.4 140

Table 1.18. MODULAR RATIO

Grade of concrete M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
31 19 13 11 9 8 7
Modular ratio m (31.11) (18.67) (13.33) (10.98) (9.33) (8.11) (7.18)

Table 2.1. VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18 Grade of concret
scbc N/mm 2
5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst =
140 jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
N/mm2 Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254
(Fe 250) P (%) 0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857
c

kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329

(b) sst = j 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
c
190 Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903
N/mm2
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289
(c ) sst =
230 jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904
N/mm2 Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698
(Fe 415) P (%) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816
c

kc 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253

(d) sst =
275 jc 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.914 0.916 0.916
N/mm2 Rc 0.579 0.811 0.985 1.159 1.332 1.506
(Fe 500)
(d) sst =
275
N/mm2
(Fe 500) Pc (%) 0.23 0.322 0.391 0.46 0.53 0.599
 Table 3.1. Permissible shear stress Table t c in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tc N/mm2
bd M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 < %
0.15 % 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 %
0.25 % 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 %
0.50 % 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 %
0.75 % 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 %
1.00 % 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 %
1.25 % 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 %
1.50 % 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49 %
1.75 % 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52 %
2.00 % 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55 %
2.25 % 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57 %
2.50 % 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 %
2.75 % 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3.00 and above % 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.6 0.62 0.63

Table 3.2. Facor k

Over all depth of slab 300 or more 275 250 225 200 175 150 or less
k 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30

Table 3.3. Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40

tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5

Table 3.4. Permissible Bond stress Table t bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 M-45 M-50
tbd (N / mm2) -- 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Table 3.5. Development Length in tension

Grade of Plain M.S. Bars H.Y.S.D. Bars

concrete tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F
M 15 0.6 58 0.96 60
M 20 0.8 44 1.28 45
M 25 0.9 39 1.44 40
M 30 1 35 1.6 36
M 35 1.1 32 1.76 33
M 40 1.2 29 1.92 30
M 45 1.3 27 2.08 28
M 50 1.4 25 2.24 26
 8
Hieght of cantilever wall from ground level = 3.00 m 300
Unit weight of Earth = 15 KN/m3 4000
Angle of repose = 30 Degree 8
Safe Bearing capacity of soil = 150 KN/m3 300
Coffiecent of friction = 0.35 3000
Concrete M- 20 wt. of concrete 25000 N/m3 8
Steel fe 415 N/mm2 s st 275 N/mm2 380
s cbc 7 N/mm2 m 13.33
Nominal cover = 30 mm
1000
Surcharge angle b 20 Degree
Founadation depth = 1.00 m
DESIGN SUMMARY 120
Stem thickness At footing 0 mm At top 300 mm
Toe width 1900 mm Heel width 200 mm 12
Footing width 2100 Key 300 x 300 mm 690

Reinforcement Summary
STEM:- Main 8
(from top of
Retaining
100% Reinforcement
wall) upto m -0.24 12 mm F@ 120 mm c/c
50% Reinforcement upto m 1.95 12 mm F@ 240 mm c/c
25% Reinforcement upto m Top 12 mm F@ 480 mm c/c

Distribution 8 mm F@ 160 mm c/c 3880

Tamprecture 8 mm F@ 300 mm c/c
TOE:-
Main 12 mm F@ 690 mm c/c
Distribution 8 mm F@ 380 mm c/c
HEEL:-
Main 10 mm F@ 10 mm c/c
Distribution 8 mm F@ 460 mm c/c
 300.0 b Surcharge angle
12 mm F
mm F 480 @ c/c
@ c/c 3000
1.95
4000 8 mm F
mm F 160 @ c/c
@ c/c 3880
-0.24
3880 12 mm F
mm F 240 @ c/c
@ c/c
12 mm F
120 @ c/c
880
10 mm F
540 10 @ c/c

100 100

mm F
@ c/c 300
2100
200 300 1900
mm F 160 @ c/c 8 mm F
460 @ c/c
8 F 12 mm F
300 480 @ c/c
-0.24

1.95
3880
12 mm F
240 @ c/c

12 mm F
120 @ c/c

Out side Earth side

 0.20 0.20 0.20

b Surcharge angle b Surcharge angle b Surcharge angle

A A A

H= 4.00

3.00 m H1=3.70 m 3.00 m H1= 3.70 m 3.00 m 3.70

W1 W1 W1

ab 2.40 2.40
0.20 W2 1.90 0.00 W2 1.90 0.20 W2 1.90
toe heel
1.00 D E B C D E B C D E B
0.30 0.30 0.30

Toe Toe a1
b= 2.40 m b= 2.40 m
a

###
P= 123.58
###

###
D1 e
P= Pp = Kpp

###

###
 ###

###
0.20
b Surcharge angle
Earth side Face A Outer side face
8 mm F
@ 300 C/C 12 mm F `
@ 480 c/c

H= 4.00 m

###
8 mm F
@ 160 C/C
8 mm F

###
3.70 @ 160 c/c

12 mm F
@ 240 C/C

8 mm F
@ 300 c/c

12 mm F
N.S.L. @ 120 C/C

8 mm F 10 mm F
@ 460 c/c @ 10 C/C
300
1.00 Heel Toe Earth side Face Outer side face
Reinforcement Detail Reinforcement Detail
0.30 0.30
Foundation level

12 mm F 300 8 mm F
@ 690 c/c @ 460 c/c `
200 1900
300
Surcharge angle

H= 3.50

3.70 m

C
0.30

a Kay(H+a)

C1
 8 mm F
@ 300 c/c

8 mm F
@ 300 c/c

Outer side face

inforcement Detail