T0-1-PAA-S0001-00-Talin-Specification Attachments-21250w - EN (0630) - Rev1 PDF

No.
T0-1-PAA-S0001
Attachment 4 pages A26-103
Chapter 05122
Steel Structures
1. General provisions
1.1 Summary
Steel structures Buildings, bridges, arched structures and aerial suspended structures built
with steel materials and bonding materials using sheet metal, steel girders, sheet metal
girders, preformed steel, fabricated steel, pipe steel, lightweight steel and the like. The
glossary of terminologies of the chapters work the steel structures has been
implemented per stipulations provided by the Building Technical Regulations, which the
engineering sector generally refers to as steel structures.
1.2 Scope
The chapter only applies to the work implementation of general steel structures. Special
steel structure projects and the portion of the work implementation beyond the applicability
of the guideline need to be implemented per special stipulations of the initial design.
1.3 Relevant criteria
1.3.1 Any deviation between the design drawings and the guidelines shall be implemented per
the contractual stipulations. Also, in case of any deviation between the scale dimension
taken from the dimensions indicated in the design drawings and the dimensions noted in
the drawings, the figures noted in the drawings are to prevail.
1.3.2 Matters not specified in the work implementation guideline shall be implemented per
specified in the following guidelines:
(1) The Ministry of the Interior Building Technical Rules.
(2) The Chinese National Standards (CNS) relevant regulations.
(3) The American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) guidelines.
(4) The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) relevant regulations.
(5) The Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) pertinent regulations.
(6) The American Welders Society (AWS) regulations.
1.4 Data review submittal
1.4.1 Quality control plan
(1) The contractor shall, adhering to the contract-specified deadline, submit the quality
control plan for Party A (Client)s approval, which will facilitate implementing
personnel of all levels to familiarize with the drawings, guidelines and various quality
control work stipulations, with which to enforce the quality control.
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(2) The steel structures quality control plan shall be divided into two categories the
factory fabricated and onsite installation, where the content shall define the quality
control organization, project quality management standards, material and work
implementation inspection procedures, voluntary inspection checklist,
document/record management system and related items, but not limited to the foresaid
various items.
1.4.2 Work implementation plan
(1) The contractor shall present the work implementation plan within the deadline the
contract specifies for Party A (Client)s approval before the contractor may proceed
with the work.
(2) The work implementation plan shall, heeding to the design drawings and other
relevant guideline stipulations, provide a tangible description on the factory
fabrications processing, cutting, assembly, welding, sorting, hole boring, integrate
and the onsite installations various types of work procedures including welding and
so forth and quality control methods and the like. The interim worksite buildings,
scaffoldings, detailed operating machinery/equipment list, installation equipment,
expectant material placement site, transportation plan and related matters shall also be
planned and described in detail.
1.4.3 Fabrication, installation drawings (shop drawings)
(1) The fabrication and installation drawings shall be sketched in detail per the design
drawing, and shall take into account the fabrication, transport, assembling, installation
and related issues, which Party B (Contractor) needs to have professional technician
charged with signing and recognizing the drawings produced. Of dimensions not
marked in detail on the design drawing, the dimensions shall be marked in detail in
the fabrication and installation drawings.
(2) The fabrication and installation drawings shall have various structural components
dimensions sketched and noted using a precise scale ruler, and shall also sketch the
welding and bolting positions, types and dimensions.
(3) The welding symbols and notation symbols principally shall be sketched in the
fabrication and installation drawings per specified by ANSI/AWS A2.4.
(4) Where piecing connection is used for certain unique spots, the connector end made to
connect with a more complex spot needs to be detailed placement drawing sketched
on a larger scale.
(5) The plant- or onsite- welding and bolting shall be clearly sketched, and labeled with
the position where the high tensile nuts are connected; also, connection-related
positions and auxiliary parts shall also be specified in the drawings.
(6) Party B (Contractor)s fabrication and installation drawings, unless otherwise

stipulated by the contract, shall at least have the drawings in one format with
quintuplicate submitted for Party A (Client)s review and approval prior to the work
implementation, where the review schedule is dependent on the complexity of the
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work, and once reviewed and recognized, one set of the drawings are returned to Party
B (Contractor), with which to carry out the fabrication. However, of places that
require correction following the review, notations are made in the drawings and
returned to Party B (Contractor), with which to amend the drawings and resubmit the
drawings for Party A (Client)s approval.
(7) In the wake of any error contained in the foresaid drawings despite having undergone
Party A (Client)s review and approval, Party B (Contractor) may not resort to any
excuse to renege from its liability to be shouldered in connection with the project.
(8) Of any portion Party B (Contractor) fabricates prior to the approval of the drawings
deemed unusable, Party B (Contractor) shall be solely responsible for the labor and
material cost incurred, and the work will not be priced.
(9) Of design, machinery/equipment or structural components the drawings specify

belonging to a third partys patents, Party B (Contractor) needs to formally obtain the
commitment of the various patent claim operators, and the liability of using such
patents shall not infer the liability of Party A (Client).
1.5 Transport, marking, storage, and processing
1.5.1 Transport
(1) Party B (Contractor) shall complete the fabrication and transport per the scheduled
progress table stated in the work implementation plan Party A (Client) has approved.
(2) The manufacturer needs to transport the steel material to the installation site,
according to the sequence of material utilization plan.
(3) Anchors, gaskets and other gasket mounting and related materials Party B
(Contractor) is to prepare for preset in the earthwork per contractual stipulations shall
be coordinated to the onsite foundation work progress and timely shipped to arrive at
the worksite.
(4) Party A (Client), the manufacturer and the installer shall heed to the material quantity
stated in the material shipping manifests; in the wake of shortage found during the
delivery, the manufacturer shall be responsible for verifying the circumstance and
supplant the shortage at once, and shall also verify that the product shipped to the
worksite is intact and discrepancy free.
(5) Unless otherwise stipulated, Party B (Contractor) needs to shoulder the freight charge,
loading/unloading and related expenditures for shipping the material from the
manufactory to the worksite, and shoulder all probable loss likely to occur during the
transport process.
(6) When loading elongated structural components, adequate arrangements shall be made
to ensure that none of which are damaged due to loosening and falling off during the
transport process, and adequate instructional description shall be given to the workers
prior to the transportation to avoid the foresaid incident from occurring.
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1.5.2 Marking
(1) The installation markings shall be painted on a fixed position of a structural

component, complete with labeling the structural components weight, number and
installation direction.
(2) The bolts and nuts are to be crated and shipped separately by length and diameter;
loose packed caps and liners are to be delivered and shipped by size; other small parts,
nuts, bolts, liners and so forth shall be packed in boxes, crates or barrels, and an
instruction sheet is also t be attached to the surface of the packing container.
1.5.3 Storage and processing
(1) Party B (Contractor) needs to store the material at the location Party A (Client)
designates, and maintain the material dry and clean, and when in need of extended
storage, Party B (Contractor) may negotiate the storage method to avoid the material
form rusting and corroding.
(2) Of the bottom of the steel material, Party B (Contractor) needs to add wood liners for
storage, and may not come into contact with the ground surface to prevent moisture or
dirt buildup.
(3) The steel material shall be sorted and stockpiled neatly by category, and protected to
avoid moisture corrosion.
(4) Of material found to deviate from the inspection stipulations, the contractor shall
promptly ship the material away from the worksite, and shall promptly replenish it
with satisfactory material. For any delay to impair the work schedule, Party B
(Contractor) shall assume the absolute liability, with Party B (Contractor) solely
responsible for the fabricated and installed parts and its labor and material
expenditures.
(5) The welding material shall be used at adequate temperatures, and Party B (Contractor)
shall storage it properly to avoid exposing to humidity and shall keep the material dry.
2. Products
2.1 Materials
2.1.1 Supply
(1) Permanent materials adopted for structural preformed steel, wedge steel, steel sheet
metal, paint material, fire retardant sheath and the like, unless otherwise stipulated by
the contract, shall be supplied by Party B (Contractor) in accordance with pertinent
guideline governing the fire retardant timings.
(2) Permanent materials adopted for steel structures of the high-strength tension-
controlled nuts, specially configured nuts, general nuts, liners, electric welding strips,
paint material and the like, unless otherwise stipulated by the contract, shall be
supplied by Party B (Contractor), and if the fabrication and installation work do not
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fall under the same bid, and the nuts are supplied by the manufacturer, an extra 2%
shrinkage on various nuts and liners are to be supplied to the installation contractor.
(3) Of interim materials, i.e. interim nuts, insertion pins, electric welding strips used for
the steel structural work, Party B (Contractor) shall prepare them on its own.
(4) Anchor bolts, liners and other anchor plates or grating and related material to be
preset in the earthwork, unless otherwise stipulated by the contract, shall be prepared
by Party B (Contractor) on its own.
2.1.2 Material specification
(1) The steel material adopted for the steel structure, regardless whether it is fabricated
locally or imported from overseas, except otherwise stipulated in the design drawings,
need to conform to CNS 2473, 2947, ASTM A36M, A572 or a comparable guideline,
and the source of steel material needs to be accompanied with a radiographic test
report.
(2) All welding materials used, unless otherwise stipulated, shall conform to CNS 1215,
CNS 3506, CNS 8967, CNS 9551, AWS E7016-G, AWS E7018-W, AWS E7028-G,
AWS E8018-W or a comparable guideline, where welding for general steel material
(carbon steel) shall use the AWS E70XX grade, and welding for carbon steel and
stainless steel shall use the AWS E309.
(3) The high-strength tension-controlled nuts, bolts, unless otherwise stipulated by the
contract or the design drawings, shall adopt the high-strength tension-controlled nut
grade, and shall conform to ASTM A325, A490 or JIS B1186 stipulations; the
erection bolts and nuts installed shall conform to ASTM A307 stipulations; the anchor
bolts, unless otherwise stipulated in the design drawings, shall conform to ASTM
A307 stipulations.
(4) The welding studs, unless otherwise stipulated in the design drawings, shall conform
to ASTM A108 or JIS B1198 stipulations.
(5) Of the paint material, unless otherwise specified by the contract or the design
drawing, the primer used for coating steel structural components shall adopt the epoxy
zinc powder primer and shall conform to stipulations specified by the CNS 4936
K2087 standard.
(6) In the wake of shortage of steel material during the work implementation, only one
with a higher strength may be used to substitute that of a lower strength, and which is
also subject to Party A (Client)s consent before the work may be implemented.
(7) The steel materials configuration, dimensions, quality and permissible tolerance need
to conform to pertinent variation standards for a variety of steel materials specified by
CNS 3013, CNS 1490, ASTM A6M or a comparable guideline.
2.1.3 Material inspection
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(1) All materials need to be in brand-new goods, and Party B (Contractor) shall first
submit the manufacturers specification and catalogs bound into a volume and
forward them for Party A (Client)s pending further verification before the materials
may be used.
(2) Unless otherwise stipulated by the design drawings and the contract, of each lot of the
steel material, welding material, paint material, nuts, studs and the like, prior to
deliver to the manufactory or shipped to the worksite, the contractor shall submit said
lot materials satisfactory ex-factory inspection certificate and radiation
contamination-free steel material certificate for Party A (Client)s approval. Party A
(Client) is also to join the contactor to randomly draw samples on said lot of steel
material, nuts, studs and related materials affecting the structural safety and forward
the samples to a testing laboratory for testing their physical characteristics in order to
ascertain whether they conform to pertinent guideline stipulations.
(3) Of the expenditure and materials required for testing a host of material in the radon-
sampling test, the contractor shall be solely responsible for covering the expenditure
and materials on its own.
2.2 Fabrication
2.2.1 General stipulations
(1) The contractor for manufacturing the key items shall join in Party A (Client)s
inspection, and regardless whether Party A (Client) adopts unscheduled random
inspection or dispatches personnel to station at the factory throughout the entire time,
Party B (Contractor) shall fully support it and may not refuse the inspection.
(2) Of work items with continuity, where the inspection result should fail to comply with
the specified demands, the contractor may not proceed with the next item. In the wake
of any breach or error, the contactor shall be responsible for all expenditures and loss
on the work schedule.
(3) Of inspection items Party A (Client) is to join in, the contractor shall negotiate with
Party A (Client) in advance to confirm in writing prior to the processing/fabrication.
(4) Of the welded seam surface and open slot surface of steel frame structural materials to
be welded onsite, the surface shall be removed and cleaned prior to shipping from the
factory, and sprayed with weldable paint or affixed with rust prevention epoxy tape.
Prior to welding, rust deposit or contaminant shall be removed thoroughly from the
weld seam surface before the welding work may proceed.
2.2.2 Steel material deformation straightening, cold bending
(1) The steel material may not be bent or deformed, and unless otherwise stipulated, the
manufactory shall strength, compress, or partially hear sorting using the rollers. Prior
to line marking and cutting, any deformation that has occurred shall be corrected. In
the wake of damaging the steel material due to excessive correction or in the wake of
sharp bend or distortion, said steel material may not be used, and Party B (Contractor)
is to shoulder the loss.
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(2) When in need of cold bending the steel material, the inner radius shall be twice larger
than the sheet thickness. The inner and outer sides of the bending portion shall be
evenly heated with oxygen argon torch (at approx. 300C~600C) to eliminate the
inner stress. Any wrinkles occurred on the two sides of an arc surface shall be buffed
to smooth. In the wake of any cracks, the material may not be used.
2.2.3 Line marking
The technicians Party B (Contractor) hires shall command excellent techniques and
experience, and shall first peruse and be familiar with the project drawings in order to
sketch the cutting drawings. Following the placement, the line marking and cutting may
proceed, and in the wake of any conflict found in the initial drawings during the line
marking process or where deemed difficult to implement the work, amendment shall be
made at once, or else in the wake of any error found afterword to prevent it from being
connected or installed, Party B (Contractor) shall shoulder all losses, and may not demand
compensation.
2.2.4 Cutting
(1) The preformed steel structural components principally shall adopt the rolled and
compressed made existing products of the same specification available in the market;
however, in the absence of available product in the market, and subject to Party A
(Client)s approval, it is permissible to adopt sheet metal for cutting, assembling and
welding.
(2) The steel material need to be cut with electric cutting, gas cutting or mechanical
cutting and sawing methods, and unless otherwise stipulated by the design drawings,
of edges permitted without the surface finish, and steel material surface requiring
finish, the surface coarseness may not exceed 12.5m.
(3) Of filler plates, preformed steel, connection plates measuring up to 9mm in thickness,
and reinforcement ribs and so forth, it is permissible to cut off using an oxygen cutter.
(4) All structural materials shall be implemented by using said overall length of
dimensions of the steel material, according to the dimensions indicated in the design
drawings, and unless otherwise stipulated in the design drawing or so approved by
Party A (Client), no willful extension may be deployed.
(5) A cut edge, when subjecting to stress or being welded, may not leave behind cut
marks or the depth of a groove mark exceeding 5.0mm. When exceeding 5.0mm, it
needs to be rounded, buffed and sorted so the concave gradient is smaller than 1:10,
provided that the reduction amount on its lateral cross surface may not exceed 2%, or
else it need to be repaired and mended using low argon serial welding material.
(6) Of all reentrant corners on a cut surface, the surface shall be refurbished to provide a
good, smooth contour, and when in need of a special contour, it shall be marked in
detail in the drawing.
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(7) Of the surface coarseness following the cutting, the permissible standards are as
follows:
A. Sheet metal thickness100mm Coarseness 25m
B. 100mm < sheet metal thickness200mm Coarseness 50m
C. Sheet metal surface not subjecting to stress Coarseness 50m
(8) The vertical permissible tolerance on the cut surface may not exceed 10% of the sheet
metal thickness, and may not exceed 2mm.
(9) The permissible and correction standards on sheet metal with a cut surface containing
discontinuities between layers over 20mm in thickness (inclusive) need to be
ultrasonically tested and the records also retained are as follows:
A. When the length of discontinuities between layers 25mm, no sorting and

refurbishing is permitted.
B. When the length of discontinuities between layers > 25mm, and the depth of
discontinuities between layers detected visually 3mm, no sorting and
refurbishing is permitted, but 10% of the discontinuities count is required by
random inspection using the grinding and buffing method. When uncovering the
depth of any discontinuities exceeding 3mm, all other discontinuities (with a
length > 25mm) shall undergo 100% inspection.
C. When the length of discontinuities between layers > 25mm, and 3mm < the
depth of discontinuities between layers 6mm, it needs to be grounded off, but
no touchup weld is required.
D. When the length of discontinuities between layers>25mm, and 3mm<the depth

of discontinuities between layers6mm, it needs to be completely removed and
touchup welded, provided that the length of the touchup weld mending may not
exceed 20% of the total length of the sheet edges.
E. When the length and depth of discontinuities between layers exceed 25mm, it
needs to be treated as specified in the foresaid D provision.
2.2.5 Hole boring
(1) Of the high-strength tension-controlled nut holes, the center point of the hole shall be
perpendicular to the surface of the sheet metal.
(2) The maximum dimensions of the nut hole need to comply with that stated in Table
2.1:
Table 2.1 Nominal dimensions of the nut hole (mm)
Nut Standard hole Oversized hole Short-slot hole Long-slot hole

Diameter d diameter diameter dimensions dimensions
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(WxL) (WxL)
M16 18 20 18x22 18x40
M20 22 24 22x26 22x50
M22 24 28 30x37 24x55
M24 27 30 27x32 27x60
M27 30 35 33x34 30x67
M30 33 38 33x40 33x75
M36 d+3 d+8 (d+3)x(d+10) (d+3)x2.5d
(3) Of the diameter of general nut holes, anchor bolt nut holes exceeding 30mm, the gas
torch may be used to conduct the cutting work, provided that the coarseness of the
hole openings cross-section surface may not exceed 25m, and the permissible
tolerance on the hole diameter is at 2mm.
(4) Besides where the design drawings specify for an oversized hole, long/short slot
holes, the connection of one structural component to another structural component
shall adopt the standard hole.
(5) The oversize hole may be used for any given one or all plies of sheet metal in slip
critical connections; however, it may not be used for bearing type connections. When
applying to expand the hole, hardened gaskets shall be added to the outer layer of the
sheet metal.
(6) The short-slot hole may be used on any given one or on each ply of sheet metal on the
slip critical type or bearing type connection. In slip critical connections, the slot hole
may be unrestricted by the direction of the stress. However, in bearing type
connections, the long side of the slot hole needs to be perpendicular to the direction of
the stress. Gaskets need to be added on the outer ply of short-slot oblong hole
connections, and when adopting the high tensile nuts, the gaskets need to undergo the
annealing treatment.
(7) The long-slot hole may be used in slip critical type connections or bearing type
connections on a connected component on a single connection surface. In slip critical
connections, the slot hole may be unrestricted by the direction of the stress; however,
in bearing type connections, the long side of the slot hole needs to be perpendicular to
the direction of the stress. When the long-slot hole is adapted to the outer most ply of
a sheet metal, the plate washers with standard hole diameter or an entire continuous
steel bar need to be added, where the size after installation needs to cover the slot
hole. When connecting using high tensile nuts, such type of plate washer or
continuous steel bar needs to be larger than 8mm (5/16), and of the structural grade
material without having to undergo the annealing treatment. When in need of adding
the annealed gasket on the high-strength tension-controlled nuts, said annealed gasket
needs to be added to the outer most ply of the plate washer or continuous steel bar.
(8) When the thickness of the steel material is smaller than 3mm (1/8) upon adding the
nut diameter, the hole stamping method may be used. When the thickness of the steel
material exceeds the foresaid dimension, the hole boring method or hole pre-stamping
method needs to be adopted before using the hole milling method. The diameter of
the drill bib on the hole diameter punching mold and pre-drilled hole adopted for hole
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pre-punching shall at least be smaller by 2mm (1/16) to the nut or rivet diameter.
However for ASTM A514M grade steel material, if the thickness is greater than
13mm (1/2), the hole drilling method needs to be adopted.
(9) Factory connected nut holes: When the sheet metal where connected to a secondary
structural material does not exceed five plies, or the sheet metal where connected to
the main structural material does not exceed three plies, it is permissible to pre-drill or
pre-punch the holes, and expand the hole using reamers to the calculated diameter, or
drill in one shot to the required hole diameter.
(10) Site connected nut holes: The nut holes at where the structural materials are connected
may have the foresaid specified pre-drilled or pre-punched holes made (which shall
utilize the accurate placement template for fixed position), and the holes are expanded
using reamers to the required hole diameter.
(11) Hole punching method: When using the sub-punching hole drilling method, the
punched hole shall be smaller by 5mm (3/16) than the required hole diameter, when
enlarging the stamped holes hole eye, proper method shall be used to expand it and
also reaming the finish.
(12) Hole reaming: The sheet metal shall be tightened with nuts, and ensure that the sheet
metals are closely bonded before deploying the reaming. When using the sub-punched
drilling method, the reamed diameter shall be larger by 1.6mm (1/16) than the nut
diameter.
(13) The hole drilling method: The method may use the twist drills, and the drilled holes
shall be larger by 1.6mm (1/16) than the nut diameter, and that a number of steel
plates shall also be properly secured to ensure the hole drilling is completed in one
shot.
(14) When using the high-strength tension-controlled nuts, regardless of the nut holes
completed using the foresaid methods, it shall allow a standard cylindrical pin with a
diameter 3.2mm smaller than the drilled holes diameter to perpendicularly pass
through 75% of the hole eye of the connected steel plates on one flat surface to be
deemed satisfactory, or else it shall be eliminated or improved upon. If any connected
hole eye does not allow a cylindrical pin with a diameter 5mm smaller than the hole
diameter to pass through perpendicularly, it shall also be abolished and may not be
used. The headings methods and the permissible tolerances also apply to checking
the long/short-slot nut holes slot width, provided that the depth of the slot holes
cutting marks are limited to under 2mm (1/16), or else it is deemed as unsatisfactory.
2.2.6 Welding
(1) General stipulations
A. The welding, cutting, reaming and related machinery, equipment and auxiliary
assembling tools adopted for the welding work shall offer fine functionalities,
need to obtain the approval of Party A (Client)s engineer in advance, and need
to be routinely maintained in a mint condition.
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B. The welding work may not be implemented at below -18C, on wet surface, or
over 90% of humidity, gusty wind (with wind speed > 2m/sec) or in the rain or
snow, nor may the work be implemented in unsafe circumstances, except where
there is suitable shelter that has been consented by Party A (Client).
C. The dimensions and length of the weld beads may not be smaller than those
specified in the design drawings, and when planning to add to the weld or change
the weld location, it shall first obtain the consent of Party A (Client)s engineer.
At pliant reamed spots, no welding may be made willfully.
(2) Joint preparation
A. The welded surface needs to be smooth, strait and may not contain impurities,
fragments or blemishes that impair the welding strength, and it may not contain
loose chaffs, burs, greasy rust and impurities, so as to avoid impairing the normal
welding quality.
B. The gas torch-trimmed edges shall be smooth, straight and free of burs, and
conform to the link marking, or else it shall be ground to smoothness and
adjusted.
C. Regarding slot opening on steel plates, it is permissible to cut using the

mechanical method and the gas torch, where the permissible standards on surface
coarseness shall heed to that stipulated in the foresaid par 3.1.4 (6). The surface
concavity on the open slot may not exceed 2mm, the permissible tolerance on the
open slot incline angle is set to 5 degrees, and the permissible tolerance on the
open slot depth is set to 2mm. When exceeding the permissible standards of
the foresaid par (2), proper methods, such as welding, grinding and buffing shall
be used for reaming.
(3) Welders qualification
A. Certified welders shall implement the welding work per contractual stipulations.
Their qualifications shall first undergo Party A (Client)s review and approval.
B. In an instance where certified electric welders should fail to abide by the rules or
the welding quality should fail to conform to the demands when conducting the
electric welding work, Party A (Client) may refuse such welders to join the
electric welding work.
C. The welding technician assessment examination shall be executed per that

stipulated under AWS D1.1 Sec. 5, Part C.
(4) Welding procedure
A. The contractor, who has had steel structure welding work experience and has
prepared a welding procedure as stipulated under AWS D1.1, shall submit it for
Party A (Client)s approval prior to proceeding with the work, which will exempt
having to draw samples for testing and have it produced into the welding
procedure.
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B. When the base materials yielding stress exceeds 602Mpa (inclusive), it is still
required to produce the welding procedure as stipulated by AWS D1.1.
C. The produced welding procedure shall have test pieces made per the welding
methods actually adopted in the work to undergo the torque test, bend test and
impact test per AWS D1.1; however, when so recognized, a portion of which
may be skipped.
(5) Welding strip
A. Unless otherwise stipulated, the welding strip shall conform to relevant

stipulations set forth under AWS D1.1, provision 4.1.1. Prior to selecting it,
Party A (Client)s consent shall be first obtained.
B. When welding two different types of steel materials, it is permissible to use the
welding strip applicable to the low strength of the steel material. For high
strength steel material, in support of technical needs, it is permissible to use the
low-argon welding strip.
C. Of weld beads needing to eliminate the stress, the chemical content vanadium
(V) in the welding material used may not exceed 0.05%.
D. Each lot of the welding strip material shall be accompanied by the

manufacturers material composition certificate, including the chemical contents
and physical features.
E. Welding strip drying
Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, the drying time may not fall
below the following standards:
(A) The E70XX grade intermediary carbon steel wrapped welding strip adopted
for the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) needs to undergo at least two
hours of drying at 230~260C before use, and the E70XX-X and E80XX-X
grades of low alloy steel wrapped welding strips used for the shielded metal
arc welding (SMAW) need to undergo at least 1 hour or drying at
370~430C before use, where the welding strip, once removing from the
drying box or from the welding strip container for use, shall be placed into a
portable drying box rated at least 120C or higher to bring to the site for
use.
(B) The welding strip for the shielded metal arc welding exposing to the
atmosphere may not exceed 10 hours or longer, and when exceeding it, it
shall be discarded and may not be used. When the welding strips are
exposed to the atmosphere within 4 to 10 hours and are put back to the
drying box for 4 hours or longer, the welding strips may be used, provided
that when putting the welding strips for the shielded metal arc welding
(SMAW) not used up to the drying box under the foresaid conditions for
reuse is limited to one use only.
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(C) The welding chemical used in the submerged arc welding shall be kept dry
and avoid contamination, and the welding chemical removed from a
damaged chemical container shall be stored in a 260C drying box for one
hour before use. The welding chemical exposed to humidity shall be
discarded and may not be reused.
(6) Steel material preheating
A. Unless otherwise stipulated, the following steel materials are to be preheated by

steel plate thickness per Table 2.2 preheating temperatures:
Table 2.2 Preheating and the temperature between the electric welded layers
The thickest steel plate (The minimum

Type of base
Welding method thickness at the joint temperature) (C)
material
(mm)
CNS 2473 Shield metal arc welding Up to 19 Unspecified
CNS 2947 using other than the low 19~38 66
ASTM A36 M argon welding strip 38~64 107
CNS 2473 Shielded metal arc welding, Up to 19 Unspecified
CNS 2947 submerged arc welding, gas 19~38 10
ASTM A36 M shielded metal arc weld using
38~64 66
low argon welding strip
B. The preheating for the rest of the steel materials of various grades is to be
implemented per relevant stipulations provided in AWS D1.1.
(7) Welding methods
The welding methods shall heed to that stipulated in the design drawings and also
depending on the welding worksite, welding location, connection configuration and
plate thickness, plate material and related factors by choosing from the shielded metal
arc welding (SMAW), submerged arc welding (SAW), gas shielded metal arc welding
(GMAW) and flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), electroslag welding and related
methods, combining also work implementation by means of manual operation, semi-
automatic or fully automatic control, with factory welding principally heeding to
automatic electric welding or semi-automatic electric welding, and at worksite or for
more secondary structural components the manual operating method may be adopted.
A. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW)
(A) The welding work is best to be administered in a flat welding position.
(B) The welding strip type, dimension, arc length, electric voltage and current
need to be suitable to the material thickness, slot configuration, welding
spot, welding environment, and the electric current needs to be controlled
within the range the welding strip manufacturer recommends.
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(C) The maximum diameter of the welding strip, unless otherwise stipulated by
the drawing, shall conform to the below described stipulations:
a. For flat welds, except the weld beads for root pass, the welding strip is
at 8mm.
b. For pass fillet weld in lateral welding, the welding strip is at 6mm.
c. For weld beads of root pass in pass fillet welds in flat welding, or of
slot welds on the bottom backside, where the root opening is larger
than 6mm, the welding strip is at 6mm.
d. For upright welding and overhead welding when using the Exx14 or
low-argon welding strip, the welding strip is at 4mm.
e. Beyond the foresaid welding connections and the butt welds on root
pass (including the slot welding), the welding strip is at 5mm.
(D) The minimum dimension on weld beads at root pass shall suffice to prevent
cracking.
(E) The maximum welding thickness for weld beads at root pass of a slot
welding is at 6mm.
(F) Of weld beads on the root pass in singe-pass fillet welds and multiple-pass
fillet welds, the dimension of the maximum weld thickness is as follows:
a. For flat welding, it is at 10mm.
b. For lateral welding and overhead welding, it is at 8mm.
c. For upright welding, it is at 13mm.
(G) Of the subsequent welded layer on the root pass of slot welds and pass fillet
welds, the dimension of the maximum weld thickness is as follows:
a. For flat welding, it is at 3mm.
b. For upright welding, overhead welding and lateral welding, each layer
is at 5mm.
(H) When welding in upright welds, each layer is to begin from the bottom
moving to the top.
(I) When adding extra weld to an already welded spot, the slag needs to be
removed first, and the welding spot and its adjacent area removed and
cleaned with a steel brush.
B. Submerged arc welding (SAW)
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(A) Besides pass fillet welds, the submerged arc weld connections shall be
administered in a flat welding position, where the pass fillet welds can be
on a flat welding position or a lateral welding position, provided that when
in lateral weld, the pass fillet weld welded in one shot may not exceed
8mm.
(B) The welding chemical shall be dry, without chaffs, pollutants and
impurities, and those that have been used but undissolved may be recalled
and reused.
(C) Except the root pass layer and the surface layer, the thickest welded ply
may not exceed 6mm, and of openings on the root ply exceeding 13mm, the
welding is to be done using the split-layer technique, and also when each
layers width exceeding 16mm, it is also to be welded by adopting the split-
layer technique.
(D) The welding current, voltage and moving speed shall unable each layers
weld to reach a complete dissolution, and without the signs of overlap and
undercut.
(E) When using a single welding strip on a slot weld, the maximum current on
any weld ply shall be at 600A, and at pass fillet weld, the maximum current
shall be at 1000A.
(F) In slot welding, when using paralleled weld lines for welding the root pass
welded layer, and the root pass contains no opening, the maximum current
shall be at 700A. When welding the root pass plus the back plate onto the
root passs welded layer, the maximum current shall be at 900A. When
welding all welded layers, the maximum current shall be at 1200A.
However, the last layers weld beads may forgo restriction and may use a
higher current, and at pass fillet welding, the maximum current shall be at
1200A.
(G) Where deemed necessary by Party A (Client)s engineer, there is a need to

weld into a 300mm long sample based on the proposed welded cross-
section surface and the proposed welding strip, welding chemical, current,
voltage and moving speed to determine whether the profile test conforms to
the specified requirements, where the actual implementation and the sample
fluctuation may not exceed the below stipulations:
Current 10%
Voltage 7%
Moving speed 10%
(H) Each layers weld thickness may forego restriction, and when welding the
root pass of a slot weld, either a single or a parallel weld lines can be used.
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The root pass shall be adequately thickened or have a back plate with an
adequate thickness added to prevent thru infusion.
C. For pertinent welding work requirements on the gas shielded metal arc welding
(GMAW), flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) and electroslag welding and so forth,
it shall refer to stipulations set forth under AWS D1.1 chapter IV.
D. The pressure welding application is used for grating fabrication; however, when
in small usage volume, and subject to Party A (Client)s consent, it may be
revamped to adopting the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), except that it
shall prevent the shrinkage distortion, and relevant residual weld sputter shall
also be removed prior to the coating or the hot dipping zinc plating.
(8) Assembly
A. Of steel material connected with pass fillet weld, the two need to be as closely
bonded as possible, where the gap may not exceed 5mm (3/16). However, of
excessive plate thickness equaling to 75mm (3) or heavier, a back plate may be
added, where the gap may extend to 8mm (5/16). When the gap exceeding the
permissible tolerance of 1.6mm (1/16), the dimension of the wedge-filling weld
may be increased alongside the excess gap dimension.
B. The permissible figure on gaps of the faying surface in the plug weld, slot weld
and butt weld with a back plate may not exceed 1.6mm.
C. The groove welds profile dimension and permissible tolerance shall heed to that
specified by AWS D1.1 and AISC.
D. Unless otherwise stipulated or so consented by Party A (Client), no gaps may be

filled with liner.
E. Of steel materials connected with a welded slot, the centerline needs to be

aligned together carefully, and to effectively prevent camber due to off
alignment, the offset between the center line and the theoretic centerline shall be
smaller by 10% than the thickness of the thinner steel material, and also not more
than 3mm. Of corrections made for misalignment on similar steel materials, the
gradient of the corrected steel material may not be greater than 1/24. Unless
otherwise stipulated in the drawings, the measured misalignment needs to heed
to the steel materials centerline.
F. When welding the steel material, it needs to be done in a fixed position until the
welding is completed, but a proper shrinkage allowance needs to be reserved.
G. Of the tact weld made to keep the steel material at the correct position, the
quality needs to be identical to the production weld, and also be as small as
possible; where the production weld and the weld beads overlap, it shall be fully
fused, and any defective cracks or damaged trek welds shall be chiseled off prior
to production weld.
H. The welding work shall be administered at a stable position.
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I. When foregoing using a back plate on all types of welding, there is a need to
deploy back gouging first before welding is to proceed on the backside. Of
welding conducted using a back plate, the welded metal needs to be infused into
the back plate.
(9) Shrinkage prevention
A. When assembling connected structures or assembling structural material in steel

material, and welding reinforcing parts onto the structural material, the work
implementing procedure and methods shall be adequately arranged so to reduce
the distortion and shrinkage to the least possible level.
B. All welding implementing sequence shall be able to balance the heat energy
created from welding.
C. When critical warp or shrinkage is likely to occur when welding the structural
materials, a work implementing procedure shall be formulated in advance to
facilitate effective control.
D. Any component of the cover-plated beam or assembled structural material needs

to be interconnected at the factory before said component is welded onto another
component of the structural material. Large span girders or girders broken down
to several increments may have a number of smaller sections interconnected at
the factory, with the fabrication process as described earlier.
E. Welding the H-beam, I-beam and box-shaped structural materials calls for
welding the web splice first, before welding the wing flange.
F. The welding progressing sequence shall start from the larger points of a cluster
bind on a structural material and sequentially welding to smaller large points of a
cluster bind.
G. Joiners expectant to create a larger shrinkage shall be welded before joiners

expectant to create a smaller shrinkage, and also welding such kind of joiners
shall best to reduce the cluster find.
H. Of welding that comes with a strict limitation on surface shrinkage, the welding
shall be completed continuously or welded to be free of any cracking point
through verification before the welded surface cools below the minimum
specified preheating temperature and the between-ply temperature.
(10) Stress elimination
To ease the stress of multilayer welding to avoid distortion, weld seam cracking, the
peening administered is subject to Party A (Client)s engineers approval or guidance,
and signs of overlaps, scales, peeling, excessive cold work processing on welded base
material due to over caulking need to be avoided. When in need of the annealing
process on welded structures, it shall be implemented separately as stipulated.
2.2.7 Pre-arching (heat being processing)
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(1) Large girders with a long span or structural girders shall be pre-arched as stipulated
by the design drawings, and when unspecified in the design drawings, those with a
cross span exceeding 10m need to be pre-arched using the warp caused by the insert
payload as the pre-arching volume, provided that it shall be submitted for the initial
designers approval before the work may be implemented.
(2) The processing methods for pre-arching may adopt:
(A) The mechanical cold compression sorting type.
(B) The assembled plate girders call for cutting the web splices to form the shape and
assembled with welding as stipulated, and the structural frame girders call for
adjustment the length of the components for fabrication assembly as regulated.
(C) The heat processing sorting type.
2.2.8 Stud welding (SW)
(1) General stipulations
A. The stud welding, except where Party A (Client) consents to adopting the
shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) (refer to AWS D1.1.7.5.5 for detail), are to
adopt automatic time control stud welding machine by depositing the welds onto
the steel material using the arc welding, with its configuration and dimension as
depicted in the drawings.
B. Each stud needs to come with a heat resistant ceramic arc ferrule or in other
suitable material.
C. The studs need to undergo the stud base testing satisfactorily before they may be
adopted. Studs measuring 5/16 or larger in stud diameter need to come with
suitable deoxidizing and arc stabilizing flux. Of those measuring smaller than
5/16 in diameter, it may forego using the flux.
D. The stud surface shall undergo heading, rolling, or machining treatment. The
quality of the complete goods shall be consistent, and free of any damaging lap,
fins, seams, cracks, warpage, bent or other damaging cracking. The topside of
stud containing radiating crack or busting dimension that does not exceed one-
half the distance from the edge of the stud to the stud stem as rendered by visual
inspection may be accepted. Party A (Client) may request Party B (Contractor)
to supply the following information:
(A) Description on the stud and the shielded arc cover.
(B) The manufacturer has supplied of stud testing compliance certificate.
(C) The manufacturers stud welding machine functional testing report.
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E. The stud material needs to conform to ASTM A108, 1010 grade to 1020 grade of
killed steel or semi-killed steel fabricated from cold-forced strip material, and
confirm to ASTM A370 stipulations.
(2) Welding techniques
A. At welding, the studs may not contain floating rust, rust pits, scales, oil stain,
vapor or other impurities harmful to the electric welding work.
B. At where the studs are to be welded, the surface may not be painted, or zinc
plated or chromium plated among other impurities prior to painting.
C. To derive excellent stud welding quality, the necessary extended perimeters of

the welded sport may not contain scale peel, floating rust, or other harmful
substances. Said perimeters can be cleaned using steel the brush, scale remover,
prick punching or grinding and related methods.
D. The shielded arc cover shall be kept dry, and when there are signs of rain
exposure or dew condensation, it needs to be dried in an oven at 250F (120C)
for two hours.
E. After welding, the shielded arc cover shall be removed and cleaned.
F. Following the stud welding, it may not contain any gap or substance that hinders
the intended function; however, the uninfused portion of the flash lead and small
expansion caps are acceptable.
(3) Welding methods
A. The stud welding is to be conducted using the D.C. current with positive charge
connected and also with automatic. The electric voltage, current adopted for
electric welding, a most suitable definition shall be made on the length of electric
welding time, the handling of the weld gun by following the past experience, or
refer to the stud and electric welding machine manufacturers recommendations,
or to refer to the both at the same time.
B. When two or more weld guns are current to the same current source, the
connection needs to only allow one weld gun to operate at the same time so that
when a stud is welded the current source is fully recovered before welding a new
stud.
C. During the operation and before the welded metal is completely solidified, the
welding gun shall be maintained at the initial position, and may not be moved.
D. When the base materials temperature galls below 0F (-18C), or when the
surface is wet or exposed to the rain or snow, no welding may be conducted.
When the base materials temperature falls below 32F (0C), there is a need to
conduct additional test on one stud for every 100 studs being welded, where the
test method, except does not require to turn the stud at an approx. 15 angle, has
the rest of it being identical to that specified under section 2.2.8. (3).E provision
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(D). When change occurs to a new batch of studs or welding assembly, the first
two studs to be welded shall be tested.
E. Preproduction welding inspection
(A) For a certain type and dimension of stud welding, or a certain welding
assembly, the first two studs to be welded need to undergo testing before
the welding begins on each day or at the start of each work shift.
The stud welding technique can be told from how the thickness of a piece
and the material are similar to the material of the structural component
being welded actually. In the absence of an actually welded thickness, the
thickness is permitted to increase or decrease by 25%. All test studs need to
be welded at approximately the identical location (a lateral position, upright
position or overhead position) to the actual work implementation.
(B) Except the below 2.2.8.(3).E provision (E) requiring the use of a placement
plate, the test studs may be welded onto the actual structural component,
rather than being welded onto an independent plate.
(C) The test studs need to undergo visual inspection, and the entire 360 needs
to be filled with the compression flash material.
(D) After the studs cooled off, besides the visual inspection, the test also
includes peening the studs or placing a tube or other suitable hollow object
over the studs by bending the studs manually or with machinery to form an
approx. 30 degree angle to its initial axis. When the temperature falling
below 50F (10C), it is best to steadily administer the pressure at the time
of bending. Of studs with threading, its bending test needs to be substituted
by the torque test specified in AWSD 1.1.7.
(E) When the test studs not appearing to have the 360 compression flash
material or the perimeters of any stud weld should be damaged during the
test, it needs to undergo the calibration procedure, and also two more studs
are to be welded onto the sample plate or the actual structural component,
and also be tested per conditions set forth under the foresaid 2.2.8.(3).E.
provisions (C) and (D). If any one of the group twos two studs should fail,
additional studs are to be welded onto the sample plate continually until
there are two consecutive studs that have been tested and rendered as
satisfactory before the production studs may be welded onto the structural
component.
F. Production welding
Once the formal welding commences, the assembly is made by following the
various settings defined in the foresaid section 2.2.8. (3) provision E, and change
to any given item needs to have the test completed per the foresaid 2.2.8.(3).E
provisions (C) and (D) before it may be re-welded and connected.
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G. At production welding, of studs lacking the 360 compression flash material.

Part B may the minimum pass fillet weld at where lacking the compression flash
material per demand specified in AWS D.1.1.7. Such mending and repair weld
connection needs to extend to the two ends of the disrupted spot by at least
9.6mm.
H. Post-welding inspection
(A) By visually inspecting the result, the studs are free of any 360 of
compressed flash material or with welded mending repair; it is required to
bend it to an approx. 15 angle to the initial axis, and threaded studs need to
undergo the torque test. The bending method needs to heed to provision
2.2.8 (3) E provisions (D). Of studs within 360 compression of flash
material, it shall be bent towards the opposite direction on the shortage
portion of the compressed flash material. The torque test needs to be
administered per relevant illustrated depiction provided in AWS D1.1.7.
(B) When unsatisfactory studs are removed from a structural component

subjecting to stress, the removal spot shall be sorted to smooth. Said areas
base material that has been pulled out during the stud removal process shall
have the hole filled with covered arc weld per AWS requirements, and the
welded surface shall be sorted to smoothness.
(C) If a failed stud is located at the stud stem or the fused spot on a pressure
sustaining structural component, new studs may be welded nearby the
unsatisfactory perimeters, while at the existing welded perimeters, no
mending or replacement is needed.
(D) When the base material is excavated when removing the studs, the
following is the mending criterion: except the depth of a damaged hole pit
smaller than 1/8 (3.2mm) or 7% the thickness of the base material may be
grounded and buffed to smooth. It does not require touchup welding with
metal, and the rest is identical to the perimeters subjected to the stress.
(E) When substituting with a new stud, the base material shall be properly
refurnished before welding the substitute stud. The substituted stud needs to
be tested by bending it to 15 to the initial axis (except threaded studs that
need to undergo the torque test). Upon completing the structure, the
exposed portion of the stud removal spot needs to be sorted to smoothness.
(F) Of bent studs without signs of being damaged, no straightening is needed

subject to Party A (Client)s consent. In the wake of a request for additional
bending or straightening, it needs to be administered using the cold working
method before the formal stud welding work is completed.
2.3 Welding quality and correction
2.3.1 Welding quality
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(1) The exposed surface on the welded portion shall be flush and smooth, and also
conform to the design requirements, and regardless what the circumstances are, the
welded cross-section surface may not be smaller than the design cross-section surface,
provided that when an excessive cross-section surface containing too many defects,
the work is also deemed as unsatisfactory. For the ideal and unacceptable weld
profiles, refer to Fig. 2.1.
(2) The pass fillet weld surface shall be flush, and may appear slightly convex, or slightly
concave, but needs to avoid the shortcomings depicted in E of Fig. 2.1, but rather in
the ideal state as depicted in A, B, C, D of Fig. 2.1, and the raised convexity may not
exceed that depicted in Fig. 3.1. However, of the valid length exceeding the disrupted
pass fillet weld, the convexity of the protruding end is free from the foresaid
restriction, but when exceeding the permissible undercut, it is still deemed as
unsatisfactory.
(3) The weld crown of the butt weld, unless otherwise stipulated in the drawings, may not
contain defects shown in G of Fig. 2.1, and the height of the weld crown may not
exceed 3mm (1/8), and need to form a smooth curve line to the base material.
(4) That between the welded flesh and the base material and the welded plies shall be
fully infused.
(5) The weld opening may not be stuffed with foreign object in gap welding.
(6) To ensure the welding quality on the ends of the weld seam, where needed, Party A
(Client) may request an extension plate be added to the ends of the weld seam, to
which Party B (Contractor) may not contest, and upon completing the welding, except
so requested by Party A (Client), said extension plate may forego removal.
Dimension
Dimension
Dimension
The profile drawing of an ideal pass fillet weld Reinforcement weld, where
C=0.1S+1.5mm
Dimension Dimension Dimension Dimension

Dimension
Insufficient Excessive weld Weld undercut Crater Insufficient

throat flesh lead length
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E. Profile of the wedge filled weld with defects
Reinforcement weld, where R < 3mm
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F. The profile of an ideal butt weld
Insufficient throat Excessive weld flesh Weld undercut Crater

G. The profile of butt weld with defects
Fig. 2.1 Welding profiles
2.3.2 Poor welding correction
(1) Gouging, buffing, the gas torch, or arc grooving shall be deployed to remove a portion
or the entire weld, or gouge off a portion of the base material.
(2) Welds containing defect or deemed incomplete shall be removed before re-welded, or
be corrected using the following methods:
A. Overlap, excessive convexity remove the excessive infused metal.
B. Excessive concavity, crater, undersize welds, undercut clean the welded

surface and touch up the weld.
C. Excessive weld porosity, excessive slag inclusion, incomplete fusion Remove

the poor portion, and re-weld.
D. Crack on the weld seam or the base material: The penetration test method or
magnetic power test method is used to ascertain the cracking perimeters, and up
to 50mm on the two ends of the crack need to be removed and re-welded.
(3) Correction for welded metal requiring touchup filling: It is best that the welding strip
used is smaller than the one initially used, by which to correct the base materials
defect, where the diameter of the welding strip used may not exceed 4.8mm (3/16).
(4) When milling off welds containing defects, except where the base material containing
cracks or other defects, grooving may not cause any damage or undercut to the
welded portion and in the base material.
(5) Upon correcting the unacceptable welds, the welded part remaining unacceptable or
still containing hazard to not realize the anticipated correction yield shall have said
portion of the weld removed, and also restore both the base material and the welded
component to their original state before re-welding, or else it is subject to Party A
(Client)s recognizing the change in design and to remedy in with other measures.
(6) Before filling welded metal or re-welding, said surface shall be cleaned thoroughly.
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(7) The area beyond the welded portion shall avoid arc strikes, and cracks or stains
caused by arc strike shall be buffed and removed.
(8) Deformation to the structural component caused by welding shall be corrected using
mechanical method or partial restricted heating method; the temperature of the
heating area shall be measured using a recognized measurement method; and that the
killed and re-killed steel may not exceed 590C, and that for other steel materials may
not exceed 650C.
(9) All weld slag needs to be removed, and subject to Party A (Client)s satisfactory
inspection before the surface may be painted.
2.4 Welding inspection
2.4.1 General inspection
(1) Verifying the design drawings and the fabricated dimensions.
(2) Material inspection.
A. The steel materials material testing records or certificate.
B. The steel materials thickness.
C. The welding strips specification.
(3) The steel materials open slot angle.
(4) Weld position inspection.
(A) Pre-implementation inspection the surface cleanliness, the base material

preheating and the welding strip drying and so forth.
(B) In process inspection the electric current, voltage, speed and the cleanliness
between all welded layers.
(C) Post-implementation inspection -
2.4.2 Non-destructive inspection
(1) Visual inspection
A. Unless otherwise stipulated by the contract, it shall undergo 100% inspection,

with acceptable standards as follows:
(A) The weld beads may not contain cracking.
(B) That between each welded layer and the base material and welded layers
needs to be completed infused.
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(C) Except the ends of the intermittent weld beads in pass fillet welding, the rest
of the various types of weld beads may not contain crater.
(D) The standard weld beads shall be as depicted in A, B, C, D of Fig. 2.1.
(E) When the thickness of the base material is smaller than 25.4mm, the
undercut may not exceed 1mm, but of a cumulative length of 50mm in any
given length of a pass fillet weld bead up to 305mm, the maximum undercut
may not exceed 0.25mm (1/16). When the thickness of the base material
exceeds 25.4mm (inclusive), the undercut may not exceed 0.25mm.
(F) Of tubular air holes measuring larger than 1mm in diameter within any
given 24.5mm pass fillet weld bead length, the cumulative diameter may
not exceed 10mm, and also within any given 305mm pass fillet weld bead
length, the cumulative diameter of tubular air hole may not exceed 19mm.
(G) Of any single, continuous pass fillet weld, where the dimension of the weld
seam is smaller by 1.6mm or less than the nominal dimension, and the
length also does not exceed 1/10 the length of the weld seam, it may forego
the correction. When assembling girders, the pass fillet weld between the
web splice and the flange plate is to be kept at within the twice the width of
the flange plate at the girder end, and may not contain circumstances of
underrated weld seam dimension.
(H) Concerning butt welds with intersecting stress derived from the calculation,
the weld beads of the fully penetrated slot weld may not contain tubular air
holes. For tubular air holes larger than 1mm in diameter in any other slot
welds at any given 25.4mm length of pass fillet weld, the cumulative
diameter may not exceed 10mm, and also within the weld bears of any
given 305mm of pass fillet weld, the cumulative diameter of the tubular air
hole may not exceed 19mm.
(I) The visual inspection is performed when the steel material undergoes
welding and cools to the ambience temperature. For steel material rated as
ASTM A514 and A517, the visual inspection is performed 48 hours after
the welding is completed.
(2) Ultrasonic test (UT)
Unless otherwise stipulated by the contract or the design drawings, the random
sampling percentage for fully penetrated weld beads of open slots is to heed to that
specified in Table 2.3, provided that the portion of the fully penetrated weld beads on
open slots at worksite welding shall undergo 100% testing.
Table 2.3 Ultrasonic tests random sampling percentage
Structural Random sampling

Stress type Welding method
component ratio
Columns, girders Tensile joiner Lateral direction 50%
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Column and Vertical direction 25%

girder joiners Lateral direction 20%
Pressure joiner
Vertical direction 10%
Lateral direction 20%
Tensile joiner
Others
Lateral direction 10%
Pressure joiner
(3) Radiographic test (RT)
sampling percentage on the open slots fully penetrated weld beads is to heed to that
specified in Table 2.4, provided that the portion of onsite welded open slots fully
penetrated weld beads shall be 100% tested.
Table 2.4 Radiographic tests random sampling percentage
Random sampling
Structural components Stress type
percentage
One is taken randomly on
Tensile joiner
The flange plates for every joiner
columns and girders One is taken randomly for
Pressure joiner
every five joiners
The web splice for One is taken randomly for
Shear joiner
columns and girders every two joiners
One is taken randomly for
Others -
every five joiners
(4) Magnetic particle test (MT)
sampling percentage on any weld seam is to heed to that specified in Table 2.5.
Table 2.5 Magnetic particle tests random sampling percentage
Structural components Stress type Random sampling ratio

The flange plates for Tensile joiner 20%
columns and girders Pressure joiner 10%
Others - 5%
C Dye penetration test (PT)
sampling percentage on any weld seam is to heed to that specified in Table 2.6.
Table 2.6 Penetration tests random sampling percentage
Structural components Stress type Random sampling ratio

The flange plates for Tensile joiner 20%
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columns and girders Pressure joiner 10%

Others - 5%
D Of joiners enlisted in Tables 2.3 and 2.4, principally the contractor may select the
ultrasonic test or radiographic test on its own, provided that it is subject to Party A
(Client)s consent.
E. Of joiners enlisted in Tables 2.5 and 2.6, principally it is tested using the magnetic
particle testing method, and the weld beads administered onsite may be tested using
the dye penetration test.
F. The acceptance standard of the foresaid non-destructive test is to heed to that

specified in AWS D1.1, and any comparable standard shall be submitted to Party A
(Client) prior to the test pending further verification.
G. Of items enlisted in tables 2.3 to 2.6 that are tested and rendered unsatisfactory using
the foresaid random sampling scheme, and upon correcting the positions, additional
weld beads at the identical length or equal length of the two sides of said position are
to be randomly sampled retroactively to undergo the testing.
H. Following the inspection unit randomly sampling and testing the same batch of
structural materials weld beads using UT, RT, MT or PT, where it is calculated by
the length of the test weld beads or the weld number. If the statistical tallying the
rejection ratio at over 10%, the weld beads of the same lot of structural components
shall undergo 100% testing.
I. The random sampling positions shall focus on the intersecting weld bears (the T and
the X joints), or where changes occur as the priority random sampling positions. The
distance of the test samples shall best be kept even, paying particular attention also to
corners, change to the cross-section and spots where weld defects prone to occur.
J. For conducting non-destructive inspection other than the visual inspection, the
operators need to be certified by the Society for Nondestructive Testing and
Certification of Taiwan or with a certified qualification by a foreign equivalent
institution Party A (Client) consents.
K. The non-destructive report needs to have rendering on the report and also signed by
level II or higher certified personnel. The original of all non-destructive inspection
report, and the RT films are to be retained by Party A (Client).
2.5 Production tolerance
2.5.1 Unless otherwise stipulated by the contract or the design drawings, it shall be inspected per
the following described tolerances, and where unspecified, it shall heed to that stipulated in
the latest edition of ASTM A-6M, AWS D1.1 par 3 and 5, AISC Standard Practice, and
CNS 1490.
2.5.2 Of structural materials with two end parts being in close pressure sustaining to require
processing, the permissible variation on the entire length may not exceed 1mm.
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2.5.3 Of structural components connecting to a structures other steel components, where the
ends are not closely sustaining the pressure to require no processing, and with a length
within 9M (inclusive), the permissible variation length-wise may not exceed 2mm. When
the length exceeds 9M (inclusive), the permissible variation length-wise may not exceed
3mm.
2.5.4 Of structural materials straightness tolerance, except where structural materials subjected
to stress need to lean toward the bracing point form said structural material side by 1/1000
in axial length, the rest, regardless of single rolling formed steel or assembled preformed
steel shall heed to stipulations set by ASTM A6 M for wide flange shapes. The completed
structural components may not be warped, bent or contain notch, and those with ominous
warpage or bending shall have the material returned.
2.5.5 When no camber is specified for the girder or truss fabrication, the camber crated from any
rolled or factory-fabricated girders and trusses shall be facing up after installation.
2.5.6 Of structural materials that are welding connected as in girders and primary trusses, the
straightness may not exceed the permissible variations enlisted in Table 2.7:
Table 2.7 Straightness permissible variations
Length of the structural material Permissible straightness variation

The length smaller than 9M 3mm x the total length (M) /3
The total length falls between 9M and
10mm
14M
The total length exceeds 14M 10mm + 3mm x [the total length -14 (M)]/3
2.5.7 When no camber or sweep is specified for welded beams and girders, the permissible
straightness variation may not exceed 3mm x the total length (M)/3.
2.5.8 When there is a camber and sweep specified for welded beams and girders, the permissible
variations on the camber and sweep shall heed to that specified in AWS D1.1 provision
3.5.
2.5.9 Of combination H-beam or I-beam steel structural components, the permissible maximum
eccentric propensity between the web splices centerline and the flange plates centerline is
at 6mm, as detailed in Fig. 2.2.
Note: B = the width of the flange plate
d = eccentric propensity (Max 6mm)
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Fig. 2.2
2.5.10 The permissible tolerance on the flatness of a girders web splice:
When two sides of the web splice have the stiffener added:
When h/t < 150, the maximum variation = D/100
When h/t 150, the maximum variation = D/ 80
When one side of the web splice has the stiffener added:
When h/t < 100, the maximum variation = D/100
When h/t 100, the maximum variation = D/ 67
When no stiffener is added, the maximum variation = h/150
Note:
1. h = the web splices height
2. t = the web splices thickness
3. D = the least panel dimension of the surface formed between the flange plates or
between the stiffener and web splice, as depicted in Fig. 2.3.
Flange plate
Stiffener
Web The least dimension is taken

Flange plate
Fig. 2.3 Illustrated drawing on taking the D value of the straightness of the girder web splice
Note: When the ends of a girder contain drilled holes, pre-punched hole, or reamed hole,
the distortion of the web splice may allow twice the foresaid straightness.
2.5.11 The perpendicular variations of warpage and tilt in welded beams and girders, from the
bottom of the flange plate to the centerline of the web splice may not exceed 1/100 or 6mm
of the flange plate width, whichever the larger value is taken.
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2.5.12 The surface level variations between the base mount and base plate:
When placed on a grouted surface, the maximum is at 3mm.
When placed on a steel plate surface, the maximum is at 0.25mm.
2.5.13 The maximum variations on girder height d:
d 900mm 3
900mm<d1900mm 5mm
d>1800mm +8mm
-5mm
2.6 Pre-assembly
2.6.1 Definition
The pre-assembly, also referred to as faux assembly, primarily entails pre-assembling the
various structural components by section or single side when various components are
fabricated and undergone the testing in order to decipher the state of connection on the
interconnecting parts and the level of difficulty in the onsite installation. The pre-assembly
work, except where Party A (Client) consents to exempting it, shall be implemented
uniformly. Principally structural components with gradual change, with angular bracing,
non-crisscrossing, in curves, inflected lines and so forth all need to undergo the pre-
assembly, and of those deemed as uniformed in nature, random sampling is taken for the
assembling.
2.6.2 General requirements
(1) The tolerance inspection on various structural components dimensions and hole
boring locations.
(2) The pre-assembling brackets shall use sturdy material, and the supporting points shall
be installed at where it is reinforced with partition plates.
(3) The weight support shall be sustained by supporting posts, guide rope, angular posts.
It needs to withstand heavy objects and remain stable, where the gravity center of the
weight load shall be distributed to all supporting points by supporting the stress in a
balanced equilibrium.
(4) The portion of onsite nut connection for major structural materials principally require
at least over 30% of the entire hole nuts by securely connecting various structural
materials with nuts or drift pins.
(5) At various pre-assembly operating stages, inspection shall be made using the
theodolite, tape measure and so on to ensure a good precision.
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(6) Upon completing the pre-assembly, the structural components are numbered at an
ominous spot.
2.6.3 Pre-assembly methods
(1) The pre-assembly methods come in the following types, which the contractor is to
declare for Party A (Client)s approval before implementing the methods.
(2) Overall three-dimensional pre-assembly: the general pre-assembly constitutes as the

method, which pertains to the assembly method of creating the same shape as the
onsite status, and the only difference is distinguished by the worksite and the onsite
location.
(3) Lateral pre-assembly: The girders are tilted 90 laterally, meaning the sides of a
structure become the upside and downside, where the pre-assembly method being to
assemble the entire structural components.
(4) Reversed direction pre-assembly: The girders are rotation 180, meaning the structure
is put upside down, which is used for arch bridges and so forth.
(5) Incremental pre-assembly method: For large structural components, or when the site
cannot accommodate pre-assembly, the structural components are pre-assembled by
increments for improving the efficiency and conserving the labor hour.
(6) Lateral pre-assembly: The pre-assembly method where structural components are
placed laterally on one side.
2.6.4 Pre-assembly inspection
(1) With the pre-assembly work being the last completed item at worksite production,
hence the preassembly inspection remains one of the keys in determining whether the
installation of the completed goods is successful, where the items primarily comprise
the appearance, and the dimensional assembly precision, as depicted in Table 2.8:
Table 2.8 The preassembly inspection item list
Inspection item Content of inspection Permissible range

1. The structures supporting status, -
and the ground surfaces payload
impact level.
Preassembly status
2. The operating status of the
connecting nuts and the drift
pins.
The cross-span, camber, length, -
width and height dimension,
Dimension
processing locations, hole distance
and the like.
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1. A structures installation -
direction.
Directional
orientation 2. The fixed and movable directions
and the vertical and lateral cross-
sectional direction.
1. The hole measurement gauge is Penetration ratio (100%)
used to detect the penetration rate Blockage ratio (80% or
Worksite nut hole and blockage rate. higher on friction type
processing 2. To measure the erroneous hole connection)
opening volume. Erroneous hole opening
volume under 1mm
Connecting status at Worksite welded joiners cap,
-
the connection spots levelness, and close-bonding status.
Safety facility, water drainage,
Auxiliary facilitys
electricity pipework, walkway and so -
installation status
forth.
Ascertaining the The feasibility of nut rotation,
worksites erecting work. -
operability
Weld seam Pit, concave, overlap, and others.
-
appearance
Gas torchs cutting Notch, scratch marks and so on.
-
appearance
Steel materials Crater, damage, cracking and the
-
appearance like.
(2) The pre-assembly and dismantling of interim nuts, which are the necessary steps in
steel material installation, where the expenditure has already been included in the
steel material installation labor cost, and is not priced separately.
2.7 Coating
2.7.1 General requirements
(1) The steel structural components, upon undergoing the preliminary welding connection
to take shape, need to be derusted by means of acid rising or sandblasting, and then
undergo the surface treatment, drying process, painting process, air dry and related
steps. When in need of zinc plating, the work is implemented per the drawing
guideline.
(2) The manufacturing factory shall operate the acid rinsing tanks or the sandblasting
derusting equipment sufficing to accommodating at least the projects overall
structural components.
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(3) The overall steel structural components shall be soaked in the acid rising tank for
thorough acid rinse and derusting. The hydrochloride fluids concentration shall be at
around 10%.
(4) The steel structural components, upon undergoing derusting with acid rinse, are
neutralized and rinsed to remove the sodium fluoride compound around the edges of
the weld seams following the surface treatment, and deposit a layer of nonferrous
protective membrane on the surface of the structural components.
(5) The steel structural components surface sandblasting treatment
A. Unless otherwise stipulated by the drawings, all steel components surface

sandblasting shall reach that specified by SIS Sa 21/2 or SSPC SP-10.
B. The surface treatment may adopt steel beads or dry sand, and the dry sand used
may be dry.
C. During the operation, before the welded metal is fully solidified, the weld fun
needs to be maintained at the initial position, and may not be moved.
D. The blind spots unreachable by the sandblasting machine shall be treated with
steel brush.
E. The sandblasting process needs to be conducted in a dry venue, and the surface
of the sandblasted steel components may not contain pollutant or vapor, and
upon completing the sandblasting. The painting shall be completed within the
following specified timings: at relative humidity up to 79%, within four hours;
at between 80% and 84%, within two hours; when over 85%, principally no
painting may be conducted.
(6) Steel material coating
A. Except where the steel materials mutual steel surface are connected and of the
portion embedded into the concrete, the other exposed steel materials need to
have rustproof treatment, where the rustproofing methods also vary due to the
fire retardant layer treatment, and when spraying the fire retardant treatment
directly onto the steel materials exposed surface, and the fire retardant layer also
provides rustproofing effect, the fire retardant material may be sprayed directly
onto the steel material surface after derusting, or else it shall be coated with zinc
powder primer paint with a thickness measuring 75m or heavier. If the fire
retardant treatment is intended for insulation by using the fire retardant panel
outer wrapping method or fire retardant ceiling, the exposed portions on the
outer side of square columns, the bottom of fluted steel plate and so forth shall be
coated with zinc powder primer paint measuring 75m or heavier. Other
unspecified parts shall be coated with zinc powder primer paint measuring 75m
or heavier, where the foresaid thickness refers to the dry membrane thickness.
B. Principally, the steel materials shall have the primer coating work completed at
the factory, and the portions of paint damage during the transportation and
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installation or the unpainted portions reserved for welding are steadily mended
and touched up at the worksite.
C. Of the surface of the following steel materials, the paint treatment is as follows:
(A) Of steel components embedded in the concrete, no derusting treatment is

performed.
(B) Worksite welding surfaces: Within 50mm around a welded spot, no

derusting treatment is performed temporarily, but once the welding work
completes, the surface is derusted and applied with the primer as regulated.
D. The painting methods may deploy the spray painting, brush or roller and related
methods. However, a most effective method is to be chosen depending on the
paint type and the manufacturers stipulations. The paint application shall be
even.
E. Prior to applying the paint, Party B (Contractor) shall join Party A (Client)s
inspection personnel to randomly draw the sample, and jointly forward it to a test
laboratory Party A (Client) recognizes for screening the content for validating
that it complies with the drawing or CNS demands before it may be used.
F. After the coating, it shall be marked with the erection mark and direction.
G. Steel components that do not require painting shall still be removed of grease
using the solvent, and sweep off the pollutants, impurities and so forth with a
bristle.
H. The paint quality shall heed to that stipulated under section 2.1.2, and the paint
application shall be even, and may not contain signs of uneven thickness and
dripping.
I. Hot-dipped zinc plating treatment: Unless otherwise stipulated by the contract or

the design drawings, steel-fabricated railings, stepladders, grating plates, stair
steps and the like shall undergo hot-dipped zinc plating treatment. The work is to
be implemented as stipulated under chapter 05081 of the implementation
summary guideline. In the absence of said guideline, it shall still be inspected per
stipulation by relevant CNS or ASTM standards.
3. Work implementation
3.1 General stipulations
3.1.1 Unless otherwise stipulated by the design drawings, Party B (Contractor) may adopt the
most economic, effective methods and procedures to conduct the work without conflicting
with the drawings, and shall study in detail on the worksite personnel mobilization, interim
facilities, hoisting and installation machinery/equipment, installation methods, power
equipment, scheduled progress and safety and health and so forth and compile an
installation plan, which is to be submitted for Party A (Client)s approval.
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3.1.2 Party B (Contractor) needs to accurately measure and lay the building lines and horizontal
marking points at the site where the structure is located.
3.2 Installation
3.2.1 Steel bottom plate and bracing plate
(1) All supporting plates or steel base mounts shall be installed at a specified gradient or
at a horizontal position, and upon undergoing the subsequent validation without any
error before the grouting is made. At the overall production of the bottom plates,
girders and columns, the foundation shall be mended and sorted to the accurate
gradient or levelness prior to the installation.
(2) The column base embedded in the concrete or pressure-sustaining plates do not need
to undergo lathe processing, the rest of the exposed column base plate or pressure-
sustaining plates all need to undergo the lathe processing, and any deformation shall
also be straightened out.
3.2.2 Anchor bolts and templates
(1) Unless otherwise stipulated, all anchor bolts or foundation nuts or preset templates
and other structural joiners shall have their positions verified by Party A (Client), and
adjusted by Party B (Contractor).
(2) The tolerance for installing the anchor bolts, unless otherwise stipulated in the
drawings, shall all conform to that stipulated under section 3.6.2 of the guideline.
(3) The nut installation tolerance, unless otherwise stipulated by the drawings.
(4) The foundation nut laying, unless otherwise stipulated, needs to be perpendicular to
the supporting plate, and the nut bracket shall be independently anchored with mold
form, rebar anchoring to avoid dislodging from occurring when pouring the concrete.
Of the anchoring method in foundation nut laying, the contactor shall first submit the
laying method for the consent of Party A (Client)s engineer.
(5) Once the foundation nuts have been paid, where the deviation should exceed the
permissible tolerance to prevent the lever pieces form being installed and also cannot
be corrected, the contractor shall be responsible for chiseling off the concrete and rest
them, with the contractor solely responsible for all labor and material expenditures
incurred.
3.2.3 Bracing and interim joints
(1) The structural steel frame needs to be assembled at the correct position, and before it
is properly positioned and anchored, no bolting and welding work may proceed. If
the structural frame needs to withstand the machinery, equipment and increased
workload, interim bracing shall be incorporated until completion.
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(2) When conducting the installation, the stress increased by stockpiled steel material and
installation equipment and other payloads shall be tallied and verified, and where
deemed necessary, reinforcement shall be incorporated.
(3) When conducting the installation, the interim bolt connection, welding used shall be
able to withstand all inert payload, wind shear and installation stress.
3.2.4 Cutting and change
Unless otherwise stipulated, Party B (Contractor) may not cut, drill/buff, or change other
manufacturers complete goods, nor willfully change whose own fabricated goods to adapt
to other manufacturers products. When in need of rendering said items work, of all
pertinent change information, such as the size, location, quantity and so forth, Party B
(Contractor) shall submit the detailed fabrication drawing for Party A (Client)s approval
prior to preparing for said item of work.
3.2.5 Assembling
(1) When installing the steel materials, it shall first be connected using the general nuts so
that the connecting steel materials are closely bonded, and the corresponding nut
holes are completed aligned. The number of nuts used for pre-assembly may not be
smaller than one-half of said connectors nut hole count.
(2) Various parts of the structural materials need to be faux assembled using the draft pins
or nuts, and also secured temporarily; when calibrating the position of the faux
assembly, the hole openings may not cause the steel materials to warp, deform or
expand the hole diameter.
(3) Before welding or bolting, the structural components accurate position needs to be
calibrated first, and subject to the approval of Party A (Client)s engineer.
3.3 High-strength tension-controlled nut connection
3.3.1 When it is unfeasible to insert the nut into the hold with hand when installing the nuts, the
high-strength tension-controlled nuts may not be hammered into the hole using a steel
hammer, and said hole needs to be calibrated by using the following method: Step one, to
calibrate using an impact pin, but may not use a steel pendulum exceeding 3kg, and if it
still does not work, the hole is expanded by reaming using a reamer. After reaming the nut
hole, it shall be replaced with a larger nut, provided that the hole diameter principally may
not be larger by 3mm than the bolt diameter, and is still restricted by the hole diameters
provided in Table 2.1. As it is beat not to ream the hole when the nut hole variation
exceeds 3mm, it needs for Party A (Client) to render a decision before correcting it, or re-
welding it, or re-drilling the hole.
3.3.2 The tilt between a high-strength tension-controlled nuts bolt and cap coming into contact
with the plate underneath may not exceed 1/20 (perpendicular to the bolts axial surface),
or else angular gasket needs to be added to maintain the parallel.
3.3.3 All parts of the high-strength tension-controlled nut connection shall be securely
connected, and no connection liner or compressible material may be added in between, and
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all connected surfaces (including near the gasket area), except the closely rolled steel
scales, shall be free of steel residue, pollutants, scale peel, rust corrosion and any impurity
that hinders the close bonding.
3.3.4 When the steel frame is installed to a certain stage, it is subject to Party A (Client)s
inspecting the vertical columns perpendicularity before the high-strength tension-
controlled nuts may be replaced, and any tile shall first be calibrated, and also the nut
implementing sequence shall obtain Party A (Client)s consent.
3.3.5 Tightening the high-strength tension-controlled nuts may use a torque wrench with
measurement scale and calibrated, or the turn-of-nut method, or be implemented by
machinery and equipment Party A (Client)s engineer recognizes, and needs to have a
separate annealed gasket placed under the bolt and the cap. However, when tightening
using the turn-of-nut method, the gaskets do no need to be annealed. However, when
ASTM-A490 (or an equivalent grade of product) nuts need to be tightened to over 50% of
the minimum torque resistant strength, said nut requires having an ASTM F436 grade of
annealed gasket placed under the bolt, and that the bolt also needs to conform to the ASTM
A536 grade.
3.3.6 The tightening work of a group of nuts, unless under extraordinary circumstances, shall
progress from the center towards the two sides in an up-down, left-right crisscross manner,
and also heeding to the principle of tightening in two increments. When the tightening of
the high-strength tension-controlled nuts can be rendered using visual inspection or other
simple methods, the portion of the torque control shall have the initial pre-tightening
tightened to a state where the structural materials are closely bonded, and may only twist
break it or achieve the specified inspection gap at the second tightening.
3.3.7 The high-strength tension-controlled nuts shall conform to that stipulated by ASTM A-325
or A-490 or the drawings. To facilitate detecting and controlling the stress within the nuts,
it shall allow visual inspection to render accurately how to achieve the specified high-
strength tension-controlled bolts, or by other dependable control means.
3.3.8 The connection plates contact surface connected with the friction type/critical slip type,
unless otherwise consented by Party A (Client), shall first have all paint or derusting agent
removed, and all rust particles and scales removed with a power steel brush or by
sandblasting before the connection is made.
3.3.9 All high-strength tension-controlled nuts shall be tightened to a nut torque no less than that
specified in Table 3.1:
Table 3.1 The minimum nut torque (ton)
Nut diameter (mm) A-325 A-490

12 (1/2) 5.5 6.8
16 (5/8) 8.6 10.9
19 (3/4) 12.7 15.9
22 (7/8) 17.8 22.3
25 (1) 23.2 29.1
28 (1-1/8) 25.5 36.3
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32 (1-1/4) 32.2 46.4

35 (1-3/8) 38.7 55
38 (1-1/2) 46.8 67.3
3.3.10 In a bid to achieve the torque stated in the table, it can adopt the foresaid torque controlled
nuts, and may also tighten it by using a torque wrench with measurement scale and
calibrated or the turn-of-nut method, where the turn-of-nut method pertains to rotating the
nuts to a closely bonded level so that there is good contact on all steel plates. The term
closely bonded refers to using a persons force to make a number of impact using an
impact wrench or by exerting a persons full force to achieve a level of tightness. Then the
torque within the nut is derived by following the level of turning in the table below. When
turning the wrench, caution is to be made that besides the wrenchs manually rotating part
(meaning the nut), the other parts, such as the nut itself and the bolt, may not be rotating.
However, when using the method, Party B (Contractor) shall prepare suitable anchoring
bracket and wrench torque gauge for Party A (Client)s engineer to validate the tightness of
the nuts.
3.3.11 The nut rotation from snug tight condition on fastened nuts is as follows:
Table 3.2 The nut rotation snug tight condition when the nuts are fastened
One surface of
The top and the steel plate
Both sides of the
Length of the nut (measured bottom of the perpendicular to
steel plate have a
from the inside of the nut to steel plate the nut, with the
gradient smaller
the topside) perpendicular to other sides
than 1/20
the nut gradient smaller
than 1/20
4 times the nut diameter and

1/3 turn (120) turn (180) 2/3 turn (240)
smaller than 4 times
8 times the nut diameter and

turn (180) 2/3 turn (240) 5/16 turn (116)
smaller than 8 times
8 times over the nut

diameter but smaller than 12 2/3 turn (240) 5/6 turn (300) 1 turn (360)
times
3.3.12 The high tensile nuts need to be tightened using a tightening device, and if unworkable as
confined by site conditions, it may be tightened using a manual nut wrench, and to reach
the specified pre-stressed force.
3.3.13 Nut tightening inspection
(1) The high tensile nuts installation, turning and tightening processes need to have a
strict supervision.
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(2) A torque wrench with measurement scale and calibrated or the turn-of-nut method is
used to tighten the nuts. Unless otherwise stipulated by the contract, Party A (Client),
when reckoning it necessary to randomly test the tightness of the nuts, may randomly
sample a ten percent or higher of the nuts from the randomly drawn joiners for
inspection, heeding to the principle of no less than two nuts at where each joiner is
located.
(3) The inspector may use a torque wrench (power wrench), but whichever wrench is
used, the precision level of the wrench torque gauge needs to be calibrated using the
method specified in AASHTO 1977-2.10.20 (E) or by a method Party A (Client)
recognizes.
(4) When checking the nuts by random sampling using a calibrated wrench, the absence
of a nut rotating is deemed that said section point has been completed. When
randomly checking the nuts, the nuts that rotate at the section point shall be tightened
again by turning once, but may not overly tightening the nuts to result in exceeding
ninety-five percent of the materials yielding strength, and when coming across the
phenomenon, it shall be replaced.
(5) When connection plates connected, using nuts should require reconnection with weld
beads, each nut at relevant positions shall be given the rotation inspection after 24
hours following the welding connection.
3.3.14 Pressure-sustaining joiners
The pressure-sustaining joiners that need to be closely connected shall first be buffed to
smooth and sorted separately using the machinery and equipment.
3.4 Worksite welding
3.4.1 The paint near the welding spot needs to be removed, and the surface still needs to be
treated as specified under section 2.2.6 (2) of the guideline.
3.4.2 Of the surface of the worksite welding, unless otherwise stipulated, the surface within
50mm around the welded spot may not contain any substance that hinders the normal
welding, nor may any poor vapor be created due to the welding work.
3.4.3 For site welding regulations, refer to relevant provisions set forth under sections 2.2.6, 2.3,
2.4 of the guideline.
3.5 Worksite coating
3.5.1 Parts of the steel structural components that have been collided and damaged during the
transportation process or at installation shall be touched up with the identical paint to
maintain the painted surface intact.
3.5.2 Unless otherwise stipulated by the contract, following the installation, all nuts, welding and
the damaged portions of the factory painted layers and the portions of the worksite welding
shall be touched up with the zinc powder primer, with a thickness measuring 75m or
heavier.
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3.5.3 Prior to painting, any debris, impurities, unnecessary and inadequate adherents shall be
removed.
3.5.4 Of the portion of the steel frame installed, unless otherwise stipulated by the contract, Party
B (Contractor) shall promptly apply the paint once Party A (Client)s engineer notifies a
satisfactory inspection to avoid rusting and corrosion, but prior to undergoing the
inspection approval, no paint may be willfully applied.
3.5.5 Unless otherwise stipulated by the contract, the contact surface to be bonded with a contact
surface needs to be cleaned before the assembly, but does not need to be painted.
3.5.6 The surface of machine-processed furbishing needs to be protected by a rustproof paint

layer to avoid rusting; said rustproof layer shall be easily removable prior to the
installation, or does not need to be removed as a characteristic before the installation.
3.5.7 For the rest of the coating work, refer to relevant provisions set forth under section 2.7 of
the guideline.
3.6 Installation precision levels
3.6.1 General provisions
(1) Working line a structural materials gravity centerline, except when the baseline of
an angular steel brace becomes the gravity line when connected by welding, and when
connecting with nuts, it is the near posts back gage line.
(2) Working point the intercepting point of working lines is referred to as the working
point, which is a baseline for structural material fabrication.
3.6.2 The maximum permissible tolerance on the baseline elevation of a steel columns base
plate may not exceed 3mm.
(1) The maximum permissible tolerance on the center location of each anchor bolt may
not exceed 3mm.
(2) The permissible tolerance of all nuts center distance within a group of anchored
anchor bolt group may not exceed 3mm.
(3) The permissible tolerance of the center distance of two adjacent anchor bolt groups
may not exceed 6mm at the maximum.
(4) The permissible tolerance between the center of each anchor bolt group and a
columns building baselines centerline may to exceed 6mm at the maximum.
(5) The permissible tolerance between the elevation at the topside of an anchor bolt and
the nominal elevation
When 25mm of the bolt diameter: +5mm, -3mm
When > 25mm of the bolt diameter: +10mm, -5mm.
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(6) The perpendicularity between the nut and the foundations baseline surface may not
exceed 1/200 of the nut length.
3.6.3 The deviation between a columns working line and a plummet not exceeding 1/500, and
confirming to the following two provisions, may be deemed as satisfactory.
(1) The dislodging deviation between an elevator shaft columns working line to the
marked column line may not exceed 25mm at any given location within 20 floors.
When located at above 20 floors, for every one additional floor, said deviation might
be increased by 0.8mm, provided that it not exceed 50mm at the maximum.
(2) Concerning the deviation on the distance of an outer columns centerline to the
marked column line, those on the outer side may not exceed 25mm, and those on the
inner side may not exceed 50.8mm. When located at above 20 floors, each additional
floor may be increased by 1.5mm. However, when the total deviation leans outward,
it may not exceed 50mm, and when leaning inward, it may not exceed 76mm.
3.6.4 The permissible tolerance of the building baselines centerline to the column at the topside
of each steel column section at the same horizontal height may not exceed 38mm at the
maximum within the length of 100m, and for every additional 1m in length, an additional
0.4mm is added, provided that it may not exceed 75mm at the maximum.
3.6.5 Of structural components joining a column, where the variation in the lateral direction
should be caused purely by the variation of the column, and that the column variation falls
within the foresaid tolerable range, it is deemed that said lateral variation is acceptable. Of
structural components joining a column, the elevation variation not exceeding +5m, -8mm
may be deemed as satisfactory, and the variations for other lever pieces at two crisscrossed
straight lines, when not exceeding L/500 (L= the bracing length) may be deemed as
satisfactory.
3.6.6 The rest of the installation precision levels are to heed to pertinent stipulations set by
ASTM A36 M or CNS 1490.
3.7 Upon completing the installation work, Party A (Client) may choose any calibrated
machinery, device, instrument to validate and inspection the installation precision, and of
any nonconformity, Party B (Contractor) shall render correction.
3.8 Fire retardant sheaths
3.8.1 Scope
The section applies to the surface fire resistant coating for all steel structures and
preformed steel plate, and it is divided into two types the fire resistant preformed steel
plate sheath and the wet sprayed sheetrock fire resistant sheath. To achieve the specified
fire resistant timings, the professional contractor shall implement the work, and Party B
(Contractor) is to assume the absolute liability. The portions of unfurnished surfaces shall
adopt sputtering prevention measures, and regardless whether it be inside the duct or
within the ceiling panel, it shall best avoid sputtering adherents to be deposited on the
walls, air ducts, pipework and the like, and in the wake of adherents, Party B (Contractor)
shall be responsible for removing to cleanliness. During the work implementation, there
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No. T0-1-PAA-S0001
shall be measures adopted to prevent sputtering to nearby work. Relevant plans for the
implementation method and the sputtering prevention measures are subject to Party A
(Client)s approval before they are implemented precisely.
3.8.2 The main structures fire resistance timings and the sheath thickness
The various parts fire resistance timings and thickness of the main structure are to be
implemented as stipulated by the design drawings and the Building Technical Rules.
3.9 Worksite cleanup
Upon completing the installation work, and prior to Party A (Client)s formal acceptance
inspection, Party B (Contractor) shall dismantle the work sheds it has erected at the worksite
on its own and other equipment, and the on-loan implementing machinery, equipment, and
scrap material shall be refurbished, returned to the warehouse and disposed of as regulated.
The worksite cleanup shall be subject to Party A (Client)s approval.
4 Volume tallying and pricing
When it is priced by weight on steel material transport or installation, the generally used
equations may be used to calculate the weight, unless so stipulated to use the nominal
weighing method or other calculation methods, Party B (Contractor) may use the following
methods to calculate the weight of all steel materials.
4.1 Unit weight
The steel materials unit weight is calculated using 7.85g/cm3 (0.2833lb/in3), and cast iron is
calculated using 7.22g/cm3 (0.2604lb/in3).
4.2 Preformed steel, steel plate, steel rods, die-cast pieces, bolts, welding strips
The volume calculation on preformed steel, steel plates, steel rods, die-cast components,
nuts and welding strips shall heed to that stated in the detailed fabrication drawings and the
factory material list.
4.2.1 The steel material is to have the weight calculated based on its rectangle dimensions, pre-
formed steel is to have the weight calculated based on the total length, but not subtracting
the weight reduced by deburring, hole punching, hole drilling, lathing, reaming.
4.2.2 The permissible weight variations on slotted steel plate, steel plate, preformed steel, steel
rods, flat steel are to be implemented per relevant stipulations set by CNS or ASTM.
4.2.3 Die-cast pieces are to have their weight calculated per the placement drawings.
<End of the chapter>
05122-43 TPC0.1 9211/10

2011-07-15

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1.3 Relevant criteria

(1) The Ministry of the Interior Building Technical Rules.

(2) The Chinese National Standards (CNS) relevant regulations.

(3) The American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) guidelines.

(5) The Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) pertinent regulations.

(6) The American Welders Society (AWS) regulations.

1.4 Data review submittal

1.4.1 Quality control plan

05122-1 TPC0.1 9211/10

1.4.2 Work implementation plan

1.4.3 Fabrication, installation drawings (shop drawings)

(6) Party B (Contractor)s fabrication and installation drawings, unless otherwise

05122-2 TPC0.1 9211/10

(9) Of design, machinery/equipment or structural components the drawings specify

1.5 Transport, marking, storage, and processing

05122-3 TPC0.1 9211/10

(1) The installation markings shall be painted on a fixed position of a structural

1.5.3 Storage and processing

05122-4 TPC0.1 9211/10

2.1.2 Material specification

2.1.3 Material inspection

05122-5 TPC0.1 9211/10

2.2.1 General stipulations

2.2.2 Steel material deformation straightening, cold bending

05122-6 TPC0.1 9211/10

2.2.3 Line marking

05122-7 TPC0.1 9211/10

A. Sheet metal thickness100mm Coarseness 25m

B. 100mm < sheet metal thickness200mm Coarseness 50m

C. Sheet metal surface not subjecting to stress Coarseness 50m

A. When the length of discontinuities between layers 25mm, no sorting and

D. When the length of discontinuities between layers>25mm, and 3mm<the depth

2.2.5 Hole boring

Table 2.1 Nominal dimensions of the nut hole (mm)

Nut Standard hole Oversized hole Short-slot hole Long-slot hole

05122-8 TPC0.1 9211/10

05122-9 TPC0.1 9211/10

(1) General stipulations

05122-10 TPC0.1 9211/10

(2) Joint preparation

C. Regarding slot opening on steel plates, it is permissible to cut using the

(3) Welders qualification

C. The welding technician assessment examination shall be executed per that

(4) Welding procedure

05122-11 TPC0.1 9211/10

(5) Welding strip

A. Unless otherwise stipulated, the welding strip shall conform to relevant

D. Each lot of the welding strip material shall be accompanied by the

E. Welding strip drying

05122-12 TPC0.1 9211/10

(6) Steel material preheating

A. Unless otherwise stipulated, the following steel materials are to be preheated by

The thickest steel plate (The minimum

(7) Welding methods

A. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW)

(A) The welding work is best to be administered in a flat welding position.

05122-13 TPC0.1 9211/10

a. For flat welding, it is at 10mm.

b. For lateral welding and overhead welding, it is at 8mm.

c. For upright welding, it is at 13mm.

a. For flat welding, it is at 3mm.

B. Submerged arc welding (SAW)